메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 107, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 914-942

Group impressions as dynamic configurations: The tensor product model of group impression formation and change

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK; ATTITUDE; CONCEPT FORMATION; DECISION MAKING; HUMAN; LEARNING; MEMORY; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY;

EID: 0034297151     PISSN: 0033295X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0033-295X.107.4.914     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (81)

References (183)
  • 2
    • 77956752913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome biases in social perception: Implications for dispositional inference, attitude change, stereotyping, and social behavior
    • Allison, S. T., Mackie, D. M., & Messick, D. M. (1996). Outcome biases in social perception: Implications for dispositional inference, attitude change, stereotyping, and social behavior. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 28, 53-93.
    • (1996) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.28 , pp. 53-93
    • Allison, S.T.1    Mackie, D.M.2    Messick, D.M.3
  • 7
    • 0014376774 scopus 로고
    • Application of a linear-serial model to a personality-impression task using serial presentation
    • Anderson, N. H. (1968). Application of a linear-serial model to a personality-impression task using serial presentation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 10, 354-362.
    • (1968) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.10 , pp. 354-362
    • Anderson, N.H.1
  • 8
    • 0007127434 scopus 로고
    • Serial position curves in impression formation
    • Anderson, N. H. (1973). Serial position curves in impression formation. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 97, 8-12.
    • (1973) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.97 , pp. 8-12
    • Anderson, N.H.1
  • 12
    • 0004263519 scopus 로고
    • Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall
    • Asch, S. E. (1952). Social psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
    • (1952) Social Psychology
    • Asch, S.E.1
  • 16
    • 0031092920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender-and race-based standards of competence: Lower minimum standards but higher ability standards for devalued groups
    • Biernat, M., & Kobrynowicz, D. (1997). Gender-and race-based standards of competence: Lower minimum standards but higher ability standards for devalued groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 544-557.
    • (1997) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.72 , pp. 544-557
    • Biernat, M.1    Kobrynowicz, D.2
  • 18
    • 0002046520 scopus 로고
    • A dual process model of impression formation
    • Brewer, M. B. (1988). A dual process model of impression formation. Advances in Social Cognition, 1, 1-36.
    • (1988) Advances in Social Cognition , vol.1 , pp. 1-36
    • Brewer, M.B.1
  • 20
    • 0004144155 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
    • Bruner, J. (1990). Acts of meaning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    • (1990) Acts of Meaning
    • Bruner, J.1
  • 23
    • 85056008973 scopus 로고
    • Common fate, similarity, and other indices of the status of aggregates of persons as social entities
    • Campbell, D. T. (1958). Common fate, similarity, and other indices of the status of aggregates of persons as social entities. Behavioral Science, 3, 14-25.
    • (1958) Behavioral Science , vol.3 , pp. 14-25
    • Campbell, D.T.1
  • 24
    • 0002264292 scopus 로고
    • Context effects with judgmental language that is absolute, extensive, and extra-experimentally anchored
    • Campbell, D. T., Lewis, N. A., & Hunt, W. A. (1958). Context effects with judgmental language that is absolute, extensive, and extra-experimentally anchored. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55, 220-228.
    • (1958) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.55 , pp. 220-228
    • Campbell, D.T.1    Lewis, N.A.2    Hunt, W.A.3
  • 26
    • 0014096161 scopus 로고
    • Genesis of popular but erroneous diagnostic observations
    • Chapman, L. J., & Chapman, J. P. (1967). Genesis of popular but erroneous diagnostic observations. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 72, 193-204.
    • (1967) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.72 , pp. 193-204
    • Chapman, L.J.1    Chapman, J.P.2
  • 27
    • 0014527651 scopus 로고
    • Illusory correlation as an obstacle to the use of valid psychodiagnostic signs
    • Chapman, L. J., & Chapman, J. P. (1969). Illusory correlation as an obstacle to the use of valid psychodiagnostic signs. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 14, 271-280.
    • (1969) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.14 , pp. 271-280
    • Chapman, L.J.1    Chapman, J.P.2
  • 28
    • 0011359034 scopus 로고
    • Function of the thalamic reticular complex: The search-light hypothesis
    • Crick, F. (1984). Function of the thalamic reticular complex: The search-light hypothesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 81, 4586-4590.
    • (1984) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol.81 , pp. 4586-4590
    • Crick, F.1
  • 29
    • 0001138117 scopus 로고
    • Schematic bases of belief change
    • J. R. Eiser (Ed.), New York: Springer
    • Crocker, J., Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (1984). Schematic bases of belief change. In J. R. Eiser (Ed.), Attitudinal judgment (pp. 197-226). New York: Springer.
    • (1984) Attitudinal Judgment , pp. 197-226
    • Crocker, J.1    Fiske, S.T.2    Taylor, S.E.3
  • 31
    • 84984499633 scopus 로고
    • Memory for stereotype-consistent and stereotype-inconsistent information as a function of processing pace
    • Dijksterhuis, A., & van Knippenberg, A. (1995). Memory for stereotype-consistent and stereotype-inconsistent information as a function of processing pace. European Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 689-693.
    • (1995) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.25 , pp. 689-693
    • Dijksterhuis, A.1    Van Knippenberg, A.2
  • 33
    • 85047685699 scopus 로고
    • The independence of evaluative and item information: Impression and recall order effects in behavior-based impression information
    • Dreben, E. K., Fiske, S. T., & Hastie, R. (1979). The independence of evaluative and item information: Impression and recall order effects in behavior-based impression information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1758-1768.
    • (1979) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.37 , pp. 1758-1768
    • Dreben, E.K.1    Fiske, S.T.2    Hastie, R.3
  • 34
    • 0000852825 scopus 로고
    • Gender stereotypes stem from the distribution of women and men into social roles
    • Eagly, A. H., & Steffen, V. J. (1984). Gender stereotypes stem from the distribution of women and men into social roles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 735-754.
    • (1984) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.46 , pp. 735-754
    • Eagly, A.H.1    Steffen, V.J.2
  • 35
    • 0000091024 scopus 로고
    • A composite holographic associative recall model
    • Eich, J. M. (1982). A composite holographic associative recall model. Psychological Review, 89, 627-661.
    • (1982) Psychological Review , vol.89 , pp. 627-661
    • Eich, J.M.1
  • 36
    • 0010985773 scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of contrast in the absolute judgment of attitude statements
    • Eiser, J. R. (1971). Enhancement of contrast in the absolute judgment of attitude statements. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 17, 1-10.
    • (1971) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.17 , pp. 1-10
    • Eiser, J.R.1
  • 37
    • 77957037781 scopus 로고
    • Multiple processes by which attitudes guide behavior: The mode model as an integrative framework
    • Fazio, R. H. (1990). Multiple processes by which attitudes guide behavior: The mode model as an integrative framework. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 23, 75-109.
    • (1990) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.23 , pp. 75-109
    • Fazio, R.H.1
  • 38
    • 0043070780 scopus 로고
    • The tricky nature of skewed frequency tables: An information loss account of distinctiveness-based illusory correlations
    • Fiedler, K. (1991). The tricky nature of skewed frequency tables: An information loss account of distinctiveness-based illusory correlations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 24-36.
    • (1991) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.60 , pp. 24-36
    • Fiedler, K.1
  • 39
    • 1542682082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining and simulating judgment biases as an aggregation phenomenon in probabilistic, multiple-cue environments
    • Fiedler, K. (1996). Explaining and simulating judgment biases as an aggregation phenomenon in probabilistic, multiple-cue environments. Psychological Review, 103, 193-214.
    • (1996) Psychological Review , vol.103 , pp. 193-214
    • Fiedler, K.1
  • 40
    • 21344478021 scopus 로고
    • Two halfs may be more than one whole: Category-split effects on frequency illusions
    • Fiedler, K., & Armbruster, T. (1994). Two halfs may be more than one whole: Category-split effects on frequency illusions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 633-645.
    • (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.66 , pp. 633-645
    • Fiedler, K.1    Armbruster, T.2
  • 41
    • 77957060940 scopus 로고
    • A continuum model of impression formation from category-based to individuating processes: Influence of information and motivation on attention and interpretation
    • Fiske, S. T., & Neuberg, S. L. (1990). A continuum model of impression formation from category-based to individuating processes: Influence of information and motivation on attention and interpretation. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 23, 1-74.
    • (1990) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.23 , pp. 1-74
    • Fiske, S.T.1    Neuberg, S.L.2
  • 42
    • 38249034461 scopus 로고
    • Category-based and attribute-based reactions to others: Some informational conditions of stereotyping and individuating processes
    • Fiske, S. T., Neuberg, S. L., Beattie, A. E., & Milberg, S. J. (1987). Category-based and attribute-based reactions to others: Some informational conditions of stereotyping and individuating processes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 23, 399-427.
    • (1987) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.23 , pp. 399-427
    • Fiske, S.T.1    Neuberg, S.L.2    Beattie, A.E.3    Milberg, S.J.4
  • 44
    • 0026915391 scopus 로고
    • The role of diagnosticity in stereotype formation: Perceiving group means and variances
    • Ford, T. E., & Stangor, C. (1992). The role of diagnosticity in stereotype formation: Perceiving group means and variances. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 356-367.
    • (1992) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.63 , pp. 356-367
    • Ford, T.E.1    Stangor, C.2
  • 45
    • 77957087827 scopus 로고
    • Affect in social judgments and decisions: A multiprocess model
    • Forgas, J. P. (1992). Affect in social judgments and decisions: A multiprocess model. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 227-275.
    • (1992) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.25 , pp. 227-275
    • Forgas, J.P.1
  • 46
    • 11944267218 scopus 로고
    • How to improve bayesian reasoning without instruction: Frequency formats
    • Gigerenzer, G., & Hoffrage, U. (1995). How to improve bayesian reasoning without instruction: Frequency formats. Psychological Review, 102, 684-704.
    • (1995) Psychological Review , vol.102 , pp. 684-704
    • Gigerenzer, G.1    Hoffrage, U.2
  • 47
    • 0011655503 scopus 로고
    • Effects of confirmations and disconfirmations on stereotype-based attributions
    • Gurwitz, S. B., & Dodge, K. A. (1977). Effects of confirmations and disconfirmations on stereotype-based attributions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 495-500.
    • (1977) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.35 , pp. 495-500
    • Gurwitz, S.B.1    Dodge, K.A.2
  • 49
    • 0002192170 scopus 로고
    • The formation of stereotypic beliefs: Further evidence for distinctiveness-based illusory correlations
    • Hamilton, D. L., Dugan, P. M., & Trolier, T. K. (1985). The formation of stereotypic beliefs: Further evidence for distinctiveness-based illusory correlations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 5-17.
    • (1985) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.48 , pp. 5-17
    • Hamilton, D.L.1    Dugan, P.M.2    Trolier, T.K.3
  • 50
    • 0001263491 scopus 로고
    • Illusory correlation in interpersonal perception: A cognitive basis of stereotypic judgments
    • Hamilton, D. L., & Gifford, R. K. (1976). Illusory correlation in interpersonal perception: A cognitive basis of stereotypic judgments. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 12, 392-407.
    • (1976) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.12 , pp. 392-407
    • Hamilton, D.L.1    Gifford, R.K.2
  • 51
    • 0002986755 scopus 로고
    • Stereotypes
    • R. S. Wyer, Jr., & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Hamilton, D. L., & Sherman, J. W. (1994). Stereotypes. In R. S. Wyer, Jr., & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition (2nd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 1-68). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1994) Handbook of Social Cognition 2nd Ed. , vol.2 , pp. 1-68
    • Hamilton, D.L.1    Sherman, J.W.2
  • 53
    • 84977292531 scopus 로고
    • Change in stereotypic perceptions of familiar and unfamiliar groups: The pervasiveness of the subtyping model
    • Hantzi, A. (1995). Change in stereotypic perceptions of familiar and unfamiliar groups: The pervasiveness of the subtyping model. British Journal of Social Psychology, 34, 463-477.
    • (1995) British Journal of Social Psychology , vol.34 , pp. 463-477
    • Hantzi, A.1
  • 55
    • 33645832308 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between memory and judgment depends on whether the judgment task is memory-based or on-line
    • Hastie, R., & Park, B. (1986). The relationship between memory and judgment depends on whether the judgment task is memory-based or on-line. Psychological Review, 93, 258-268.
    • (1986) Psychological Review , vol.93 , pp. 258-268
    • Hastie, R.1    Park, B.2
  • 56
    • 0000748485 scopus 로고
    • Creating complex social conjunction categories from simple categories
    • Hastie, R., Schroeder, C., & Weber, R. (1990). Creating complex social conjunction categories from simple categories. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 28, 242-247.
    • (1990) Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society , vol.28 , pp. 242-247
    • Hastie, R.1    Schroeder, C.2    Weber, R.3
  • 57
    • 38249010452 scopus 로고
    • Developmental changes in categorization processes: Knowledge and similarity-based modes of categorization
    • Hayes, B. K., & Taplin, J. E. (1992). Developmental changes in categorization processes: Knowledge and similarity-based modes of categorization. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 54, 188-212.
    • (1992) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.54 , pp. 188-212
    • Hayes, B.K.1    Taplin, J.E.2
  • 59
    • 84956362699 scopus 로고
    • Revision and change of stereotypic beliefs: In search of the elusive subtyping model
    • Hewstone, M. (1994). Revision and change of stereotypic beliefs: In search of the elusive subtyping model. European Review of Social Psychology, 5, 69-109.
    • (1994) European Review of Social Psychology , vol.5 , pp. 69-109
    • Hewstone, M.1
  • 60
    • 0002033401 scopus 로고
    • Contact is not enough: An intergroup perspective on the "contact hypothesis."
    • M. Hewstone & R. Brown (Eds.), Oxford, England: Blackwell
    • Hewstone, M., & Brown, R. J. (1986). Contact is not enough: An intergroup perspective on the "contact hypothesis." In M. Hewstone & R. Brown (Eds.), Contact and conflict in intergroup encounters (pp. 1-44). Oxford, England: Blackwell.
    • (1986) Contact and Conflict in Intergroup Encounters , pp. 1-44
    • Hewstone, M.1    Brown, R.J.2
  • 63
    • 0343408338 scopus 로고
    • "Schema abstraction" in a multiple-trace memory model
    • Hintzman, D. L. (1986). "Schema abstraction" in a multiple-trace memory model. Psychological Review, 93, 411-428.
    • (1986) Psychological Review , vol.93 , pp. 411-428
    • Hintzman, D.L.1
  • 66
    • 0006062916 scopus 로고
    • Order effects in belief updating: The belief-adjustment model
    • Hogarth, R. M., & Einhorn, H. J. (1992). Order effects in belief updating: The belief-adjustment model. Cognitive Psychology, 24, 1-55.
    • (1992) Cognitive Psychology , vol.24 , pp. 1-55
    • Hogarth, R.M.1    Einhorn, H.J.2
  • 67
    • 0000193247 scopus 로고
    • Different ways to cue a coherent memory system: A theory for episodic, semantic, and procedural tasks
    • Humphreys, M. S., Bain, J. D., & Pike, A. R. (1989). Different ways to cue a coherent memory system: A theory for episodic, semantic, and procedural tasks. Psychological Review, 96, 411-428.
    • (1989) Psychological Review , vol.96 , pp. 411-428
    • Humphreys, M.S.1    Bain, J.D.2    Pike, A.R.3
  • 68
    • 0028320625 scopus 로고
    • Toward a theory of human memory: Data structures and access processes
    • Humphreys, M. S., Wiles, J., & Dennis, S. (1994). Toward a theory of human memory: Data structures and access processes. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 17, 655-692.
    • (1994) Behavioral and Brain Sciences , vol.17 , pp. 655-692
    • Humphreys, M.S.1    Wiles, J.2    Dennis, S.3
  • 69
    • 44049116942 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive models of stereotype change 3: Subtyping and the perceived typicality of disconfirming group members
    • Johnston, L., & Hewstone, M. (1992). Cognitive models of stereotype change 3: Subtyping and the perceived typicality of disconfirming group members. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 28, 360-386.
    • (1992) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.28 , pp. 360-386
    • Johnston, L.1    Hewstone, M.2
  • 71
    • 84956703161 scopus 로고
    • The role of stereotyping in system-justification and the production of false consciousness
    • Jost, J. T., & Banaji, M. R. (1994). The role of stereotyping in system-justification and the production of false consciousness. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 1-27.
    • (1994) British Journal of Social Psychology , vol.33 , pp. 1-27
    • Jost, J.T.1    Banaji, M.R.2
  • 72
    • 0002085260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-fulfilling prophecies and the maintenance of social stereotypes: The role of dyadic interactions and social forces
    • C. N. Macrae, C. Stangor, & M. Hewstone (Eds.), New York: Guilford Press
    • Jussim, L., & Fleming, C. (1996). Self-fulfilling prophecies and the maintenance of social stereotypes: The role of dyadic interactions and social forces. In C. N. Macrae, C. Stangor, & M. Hewstone (Eds.), Stereotypes and stereotyping (pp. 161-192). New York: Guilford Press.
    • (1996) Stereotypes and Stereotyping , pp. 161-192
    • Jussim, L.1    Fleming, C.2
  • 73
    • 0007244024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tensor product model of exemplar-based category learning
    • J. Wiles & T. Dartnall (Eds.), Stamford, CT: Ablex
    • Kashima, Y. (1999). Tensor product model of exemplar-based category learning. In J. Wiles & T. Dartnall (Eds.), Perspectives on cognitive science: Theories, experiments, and foundations, Vol. 2 (pp. 191-203). Stamford, CT: Ablex.
    • (1999) Perspectives on Cognitive Science: Theories, Experiments, and Foundations , vol.2 , pp. 191-203
    • Kashima, Y.1
  • 74
    • 0034347376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conceptions of culture and person for psychology
    • Kashima, Y. (2000a). Conceptions of culture and person for psychology. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 31, 14-32.
    • (2000) Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology , vol.31 , pp. 14-32
    • Kashima, Y.1
  • 75
    • 0034348899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintaining cultural stereotypes in the serial reproduction of narratives
    • Kashima, Y. (2000b). Maintaining cultural stereotypes in the serial reproduction of narratives. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 594-604.
    • (2000) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.26 , pp. 594-604
    • Kashima, Y.1
  • 76
    • 0034178215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recovering Bartlett's social psychology of cultural dynamics
    • Kashima, Y. (2000c). Recovering Bartlett's social psychology of cultural dynamics. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 383-403.
    • (2000) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.30 , pp. 383-403
    • Kashima, Y.1
  • 77
    • 21844487370 scopus 로고
    • A distributed memory model of averaging phenomena in person impression formation
    • Kashima, Y., & Kerekes, A. R. Z. (1994). A distributed memory model of averaging phenomena in person impression formation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 30, 407-455.
    • (1994) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.30 , pp. 407-455
    • Kashima, Y.1    Kerekes, A.R.Z.2
  • 78
    • 0007298759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of group impression formation: The tensor product model of exemplar-based social category learning
    • S. J. Read & L. C. Miller, (Eds.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Kashima, Y., Woolcock, J., & King, D. (1998). The dynamics of group impression formation: The tensor product model of exemplar-based social category learning. In S. J. Read & L. C. Miller, (Eds.). Connectionist models of social reasoning and social behavior (pp. 71-109). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1998) Connectionist Models of Social Reasoning and Social Behavior , pp. 71-109
    • Kashima, Y.1    Woolcock, J.2    King, D.3
  • 80
    • 84985790724 scopus 로고
    • Accentuation effects and illusory change in exemplar-based category learning
    • Krueger, J. (1991). Accentuation effects and illusory change in exemplar-based category learning. European Journal of Social Psychology, 21, 37-48.
    • (1991) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.21 , pp. 37-48
    • Krueger, J.1
  • 81
    • 84963443567 scopus 로고
    • On the overestimation of between-group differences
    • Krueger, J. (1992). On the overestimation of between-group differences. European Review of Social Psychology, 3, 31-56.
    • (1992) European Review of Social Psychology , vol.3 , pp. 31-56
    • Krueger, J.1
  • 82
    • 0024058484 scopus 로고
    • The use of categorical and individuating information in making inferences about personality
    • Krueger, J., & Rothbart, M. (1988). The use of categorical and individuating information in making inferences about personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 187-195.
    • (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.55 , pp. 187-195
    • Krueger, J.1    Rothbart, M.2
  • 84
    • 0024675707 scopus 로고
    • Category learning and change: Differences in sensitivity to information that enhances or reduces intercategory distinctions
    • Krueger, J., Rothbart, M., & Sriram, N. (1989). Category learning and change: Differences in sensitivity to information that enhances or reduces intercategory distinctions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 866-875.
    • (1989) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.56 , pp. 866-875
    • Krueger, J.1    Rothbart, M.2    Sriram, N.3
  • 85
    • 0025520005 scopus 로고
    • The case of motivated reasoning
    • Kunda, Z. (1990). The case of motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 480-498.
    • (1990) Psychological Bulletin , vol.108 , pp. 480-498
    • Kunda, Z.1
  • 86
    • 0001522754 scopus 로고
    • Combining social concepts: The role of causal reasoning
    • Kunda, Z., Miller, D. T., & Claire, T. (1990). Combining social concepts: The role of causal reasoning. Cognitive Science, 14, 551-577.
    • (1990) Cognitive Science , vol.14 , pp. 551-577
    • Kunda, Z.1    Miller, D.T.2    Claire, T.3
  • 87
    • 0029286997 scopus 로고
    • Maintaining stereotypes in the face of disconfirmation: Constructing grounds for subtyping deviants
    • Kunda, Z., & Oleson, K. C. (1995). Maintaining stereotypes in the face of disconfirmation: Constructing grounds for subtyping deviants. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 565-580.
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.68 , pp. 565-580
    • Kunda, Z.1    Oleson, K.C.2
  • 88
    • 0038845217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forming impressions from stereotypes, traits, and behaviors: A parallel-constraint-satisfaction theory
    • Kunda, Z., & Thagard, P. (1996). Forming impressions from stereotypes, traits, and behaviors: A parallel-constraint-satisfaction theory. Psychological Review, 103, 284-308.
    • (1996) Psychological Review , vol.103 , pp. 284-308
    • Kunda, Z.1    Thagard, P.2
  • 89
    • 0002479337 scopus 로고
    • Falsification and the methodology of scientific research programmes
    • I. Lakatos & A. Musgrave (Eds.), Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press
    • Lakatos, I. (1970). Falsification and the methodology of scientific research programmes. In I. Lakatos & A. Musgrave (Eds.), Criticism and the growth of knowledge (pp. 91-195). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1970) Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge , pp. 91-195
    • Lakatos, I.1
  • 91
    • 21144476131 scopus 로고
    • Exemplar and abstraction models of perceived group variability and stereotypicality
    • Linville, P. W., & Fischer, G. W. (1993). Exemplar and abstraction models of perceived group variability and stereotypicality. Social Cognition, 11, 91-125.
    • (1993) Social Cognition , vol.11 , pp. 91-125
    • Linville, P.W.1    Fischer, G.W.2
  • 92
    • 0002979873 scopus 로고
    • Stereotyping and perceived distributions of social characteristics: An application to ingroup-outgroup perception
    • J. F. Dovidio & S. L. Gaertner (Eds.), Orlando, FL: Academic Press
    • Linville, P. W., Salovey, P., & Fischer, G. W. (1986). Stereotyping and perceived distributions of social characteristics: An application to ingroup-outgroup perception. In J. F. Dovidio & S. L. Gaertner (Eds.), Prejudice, discrimination, and racism (pp. 165-208). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
    • (1986) Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism , pp. 165-208
    • Linville, P.W.1    Salovey, P.2    Fischer, G.W.3
  • 93
    • 0004028916 scopus 로고
    • New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich
    • Lippmann, W. (1922). Public opinion. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
    • (1922) Public Opinion
    • Lippmann, W.1
  • 95
    • 0000445295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social psychological foundations of stereotype formation
    • C. N. Macrae, C. Stangor, & M. Hewstone (Eds.), New York: Guilford Press
    • Mackie, D. M., Hamilton, D. L., Susskind, J., & Rosselli, F. (1996). Social psychological foundations of stereotype formation. In C. N. Macrae, C. Stangor, & M. Hewstone (Eds.), Stereotypes and stereotyping (pp. 41-78). New York: Guilford Press.
    • (1996) Stereotypes and Stereotyping , pp. 41-78
    • Mackie, D.M.1    Hamilton, D.L.2    Susskind, J.3    Rosselli, F.4
  • 96
    • 0032115927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intergroup relations: Insights from a theoretically integrative approach
    • Mackie, D. M., & Smith, E. R. (1998). Intergroup relations: Insights from a theoretically integrative approach. Psychological Review, 105, 499-529.
    • (1998) Psychological Review , vol.105 , pp. 499-529
    • Mackie, D.M.1    Smith, E.R.2
  • 99
    • 0039550139 scopus 로고
    • Assessing psychopathology in individuals and groups: Aggregating behavior samples to form overall impressions
    • Manis, M., & Paskewitz, J. R. (1987). Assessing psychopathology in individuals and groups: Aggregating behavior samples to form overall impressions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 13, 83-94.
    • (1987) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.13 , pp. 83-94
    • Manis, M.1    Paskewitz, J.R.2
  • 100
    • 0003834557 scopus 로고
    • San Francisco, CA: Freeman
    • Marr, D. (1982). Vision. San Francisco, CA: Freeman.
    • (1982) Vision
    • Marr, D.1
  • 101
    • 0022780157 scopus 로고
    • Set/reset: Use and disuse of concepts in impression formation
    • Martin, L. L. (1986). Set/reset: Use and disuse of concepts in impression formation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 493-504.
    • (1986) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.51 , pp. 493-504
    • Martin, L.L.1
  • 102
    • 84971733671 scopus 로고
    • The psychology of connectionism
    • Massaro, D. W. (1990). The psychology of connectionism. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 13, 403-406.
    • (1990) Behavioral and Brain Sciences , vol.13 , pp. 403-406
    • Massaro, D.W.1
  • 103
    • 0027348144 scopus 로고
    • Information processing models: Microscopes of the mind
    • Massaro, D. W., & Cowan, N. (1993). Information processing models: Microscopes of the mind. Annual Review of Psychology, 44, 383-425.
    • (1993) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.44 , pp. 383-425
    • Massaro, D.W.1    Cowan, N.2
  • 104
    • 0025409551 scopus 로고
    • Models of integration given multiple sources of information
    • Massaro, D. W., & Friedman, D. (1990). Models of integration given multiple sources of information. Psychological Review, 97, 225-252.
    • (1990) Psychological Review , vol.97 , pp. 225-252
    • Massaro, D.W.1    Friedman, D.2
  • 105
    • 0029340352 scopus 로고
    • Why there are complementary learning systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: Insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory
    • McClelland, J. L., McNaughton, B. L., & O'Reilly, R. C. (1995). Why there are complementary learning systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: Insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory. Psychological Review, 102, 419-457.
    • (1995) Psychological Review , vol.102 , pp. 419-457
    • McClelland, J.L.1    McNaughton, B.L.2    O'Reilly, R.C.3
  • 106
    • 0022081664 scopus 로고
    • Distributed memory and the representation of general and specific information
    • McClelland, J. L., & Rumelhart, D. E. (1985). Distributed memory and the representation of general and specific information. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 114, 159-188.
    • (1985) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.114 , pp. 159-188
    • McClelland, J.L.1    Rumelhart, D.E.2
  • 107
    • 0001283503 scopus 로고
    • A distributed model of human learning and memory
    • J. L. McClelland, D. E. Rumelhart, & the PDP Research Group (Eds.), Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • McClelland, J. L., & Rumelhart, D. E. (1986). A distributed model of human learning and memory. In J. L. McClelland, D. E. Rumelhart, & the PDP Research Group (Eds.), Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition: Vol. 2 (pp. 170-215). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    • (1986) Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition , vol.2 , pp. 170-215
    • McClelland, J.L.1    Rumelhart, D.E.2
  • 109
    • 0028504932 scopus 로고
    • Illusory correlation in the perception of groups: An extension of the distinctiveness-based account
    • McConnell, A. R., Sherman, S. J., & Hamilton, D. L. (1994). Illusory correlation in the perception of groups: An extension of the distinctiveness-based account. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 414-429.
    • (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.67 , pp. 414-429
    • McConnell, A.R.1    Sherman, S.J.2    Hamilton, D.L.3
  • 110
    • 0031115953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Target entitativity: Implications for information processing about individual and group targets
    • McConnell, A. R., Sherman, S. J., & Hamilton, D. L. (1997). Target entitativity: Implications for information processing about individual and group targets. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 750-762.
    • (1997) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.72 , pp. 750-762
    • McConnell, A.R.1    Sherman, S.J.2    Hamilton, D.L.3
  • 112
    • 84985757528 scopus 로고
    • Illusory correlation as accentuation of actual intercategory difference: Evidence for the effect with minimal stimulus information
    • McGarty, C., Haslam, S. A., Turner, J. C., & Oakes, P. J. (1993). Illusory correlation as accentuation of actual intercategory difference: Evidence for the effect with minimal stimulus information. European Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 390-410.
    • (1993) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.23 , pp. 390-410
    • McGarty, C.1    Haslam, S.A.2    Turner, J.C.3    Oakes, P.J.4
  • 115
    • 0342973074 scopus 로고
    • Context theory of classification learning
    • Medin, D. L., & Schaffer, M. M. (1978). Context theory of classification learning. Psychological Review, 85, 207-238.
    • (1978) Psychological Review , vol.85 , pp. 207-238
    • Medin, D.L.1    Schaffer, M.M.2
  • 116
    • 85004795384 scopus 로고
    • Distinctiveness-based illusory correlations and stereotyping: A meta-analytic integration
    • Mullen, B., & Johnson, C. (1990). Distinctiveness-based illusory correlations and stereotyping: A meta-analytic integration. British Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 11-27.
    • (1990) British Journal of Social Psychology , vol.29 , pp. 11-27
    • Mullen, B.1    Johnson, C.2
  • 117
    • 38249011457 scopus 로고
    • Measurement-free tests of a general state-space model of prototype learning
    • Myung, I. J., & Busemeyer, J. R. (1992). Measurement-free tests of a general state-space model of prototype learning. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 36, 32-67.
    • (1992) Journal of Mathematical Psychology , vol.36 , pp. 32-67
    • Myung, I.J.1    Busemeyer, J.R.2
  • 121
    • 0022686961 scopus 로고
    • Attention, similarity, and the identification-categorization relationship
    • Nosofsky, R. M. (1986). Attention, similarity, and the identification-categorization relationship. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 115, 39-57.
    • (1986) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.115 , pp. 39-57
    • Nosofsky, R.M.1
  • 123
    • 11944265201 scopus 로고
    • Out-group homogeneity effects in natural and minimal groups
    • Ostrom, T. M., & Sedikides, C. (1992). Out-group homogeneity effects in natural and minimal groups. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 536-552.
    • (1992) Psychological Bulletin , vol.112 , pp. 536-552
    • Ostrom, T.M.1    Sedikides, C.2
  • 124
    • 0003037363 scopus 로고
    • Psychological perspective and attitude change
    • A. G. Greenwald, T. C. Brock, & T. M. Ostrom (Eds.), New York: Academic Press
    • Ostrom, T. M., & Upshaw, H. S. (1968). Psychological perspective and attitude change. In A. G. Greenwald, T. C. Brock, & T. M. Ostrom (Eds.), Psychological foundations of attitudes (pp. 217-242). New York: Academic Press.
    • (1968) Psychological Foundations of Attitudes , pp. 217-242
    • Ostrom, T.M.1    Upshaw, H.S.2
  • 125
    • 0001409821 scopus 로고
    • Perception of variability in category development: Instance versus abstraction-based stereotypes
    • Park, B., & Hastie, R. (1987). Perception of variability in category development: Instance versus abstraction-based stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 621-635.
    • (1987) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.53 , pp. 621-635
    • Park, B.1    Hastie, R.2
  • 127
    • 0000607062 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of convolution and matrix distributed memory systems for associative recall and recognition
    • Pike, A. R. (1984). Comparison of convolution and matrix distributed memory systems for associative recall and recognition. Psychological Review, 91, 281-294.
    • (1984) Psychological Review , vol.91 , pp. 281-294
    • Pike, A.R.1
  • 128
    • 77956766969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The puzzle of continuing group inequality: Piecing together psychological, social, and cultural forces in social dominance theory
    • Pratto, F. (1999). The puzzle of continuing group inequality: Piecing together psychological, social, and cultural forces in social dominance theory. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 31, 191-263.
    • (1999) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.31 , pp. 191-263
    • Pratto, F.1
  • 129
    • 0001402474 scopus 로고
    • The influence of different encoding sets upon the formation of illusory correlations and group impressions
    • Pryor, J. B. (1986). The influence of different encoding sets upon the formation of illusory correlations and group impressions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 12, 216-226.
    • (1986) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.12 , pp. 216-226
    • Pryor, J.B.1
  • 130
    • 21344483958 scopus 로고
    • Explanatory coherence in social explanations: A parallel distributed processing account
    • Read, S. J., & Marcus-Newhall, A. (1993). Explanatory coherence in social explanations: A parallel distributed processing account. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 429-447.
    • (1993) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.65 , pp. 429-447
    • Read, S.J.1    Marcus-Newhall, A.2
  • 132
    • 21744445017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connectionism, parallel constraint satisfaction processes, and gestalt principles: (Re)introducing cognitive dynamics to social psychology
    • Read, S. J., Vanman, E. J., & Miller, L. C. (1996). Connectionism, parallel constraint satisfaction processes, and gestalt principles: (Re)introducing cognitive dynamics to social psychology. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 1, 26-53.
    • (1996) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.1 , pp. 26-53
    • Read, S.J.1    Vanman, E.J.2    Miller, L.C.3
  • 133
    • 0001147815 scopus 로고
    • Pattern recognition and categorization
    • Reed, S. K. (1972). Pattern recognition and categorization. Cognitive Psychology, 3, 382-407.
    • (1972) Cognitive Psychology , vol.3 , pp. 382-407
    • Reed, S.K.1
  • 135
    • 0002147374 scopus 로고
    • Memory processes and social beliefs
    • D. L. Hamilton (Ed.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Rothbart, M. (1981). Memory processes and social beliefs. In D. L. Hamilton (Ed.), Cognitive processes in stereotyping and intergroup behavior (pp. 145-181). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1981) Cognitive Processes in Stereotyping and Intergroup Behavior , pp. 145-181
    • Rothbart, M.1
  • 136
    • 0000743099 scopus 로고
    • Recall for confirming events: Memory processes and the maintenance of social stereotyping
    • Rothbart, M., Evans, M., & Fulero, S. (1979). Recall for confirming events: Memory processes and the maintenance of social stereotyping. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 15, 343-355.
    • (1979) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.15 , pp. 343-355
    • Rothbart, M.1    Evans, M.2    Fulero, S.3
  • 138
    • 84993865866 scopus 로고
    • Social categorization and behavioral episodes: A cognitive analysis of the effects of intergroup contact
    • Rothbart, M., & John, O. (1985). Social categorization and behavioral episodes: A cognitive analysis of the effects of intergroup contact. Journal of Social Issues, 41, 81-104.
    • (1985) Journal of Social Issues , vol.41 , pp. 81-104
    • Rothbart, M.1    John, O.2
  • 139
    • 0024237863 scopus 로고
    • Inferring category attributes from exemplar attributes: Geometric shapes and social categories
    • Rothbart, M., & Lewis, S. (1988). Inferring category attributes from exemplar attributes: Geometric shapes and social categories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 861-872.
    • (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.55 , pp. 861-872
    • Rothbart, M.1    Lewis, S.2
  • 141
    • 14944370227 scopus 로고
    • Schemata: The building blocks of cognition
    • R. J. Spiro, B. C. Bruice, & W. F. Brewer (Eds.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Rumelhart, D. E. (1980). Schemata: The building blocks of cognition. In R. J. Spiro, B. C. Bruice, & W. F. Brewer (Eds.). Theoretical issues in reading comprehension (pp. 33-58). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1980) Theoretical Issues in Reading Comprehension , pp. 33-58
    • Rumelhart, D.E.1
  • 143
    • 0002625082 scopus 로고
    • Illusory correlation in the perception of individuals and groups
    • Sanbonmatsu, D. M., Sherman, S. J., & Hamilton, D. L. (1987). Illusory correlation in the perception of individuals and groups. Social Cognition, 5, 1-25.
    • (1987) Social Cognition , vol.5 , pp. 1-25
    • Sanbonmatsu, D.M.1    Sherman, S.J.2    Hamilton, D.L.3
  • 146
    • 0002636819 scopus 로고
    • In-group favoritism and statistical reasoning in social inference: Implications for formation and maintenance of group stereotypes
    • Schaller, M. (1992). In-group favoritism and statistical reasoning in social inference: Implications for formation and maintenance of group stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 61-74.
    • (1992) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.63 , pp. 61-74
    • Schaller, M.1
  • 147
    • 0001762504 scopus 로고
    • Illusory correlation and social categorization: Toward an integration of motivational and cognitive factors in stereotype formation
    • Schaller, M., & Maass, A. (1989). Illusory correlation and social categorization: Toward an integration of motivational and cognitive factors in stereotype formation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 709-721.
    • (1989) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.56 , pp. 709-721
    • Schaller, M.1    Maass, A.2
  • 148
    • 0030117871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive dissonance reduction as constraint satisfaction
    • Schultz, T. R., & Lepper, M. R. (1996). Cognitive dissonance reduction as constraint satisfaction. Psychological Review, 103, 219-240.
    • (1996) Psychological Review , vol.103 , pp. 219-240
    • Schultz, T.R.1    Lepper, M.R.2
  • 149
    • 0000523497 scopus 로고
    • The cognitive functions of linguistic categories in describing persons: Social cognition and language
    • Semin, G., & Fiedler, K. (1988). The cognitive functions of linguistic categories in describing persons: Social cognition and language. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 558-568.
    • (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.54 , pp. 558-568
    • Semin, G.1    Fiedler, K.2
  • 150
    • 0003310777 scopus 로고
    • The linguistic category model, its basis, applications, and range
    • W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), Chichester, England: Wiley
    • Semin, G. R., & Fiedler, K. (1991). The linguistic category model, its basis, applications, and range. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 1-31). Chichester, England: Wiley.
    • (1991) European Review of Social Psychology , vol.2 , pp. 1-31
    • Semin, G.R.1    Fiedler, K.2
  • 151
    • 0030162973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and mental representation of stereotypes
    • Sherman, J. W. (1996). Development and mental representation of stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 1126-1141.
    • (1996) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.70 , pp. 1126-1141
    • Sherman, J.W.1
  • 152
    • 0024527963 scopus 로고
    • Intuitive interactionism in person perception: Effects of situation-behavior relations on dispositional judgments
    • Shoda, Y., Mischel, W., & Wright, J. C. (1989). Intuitive interactionism in person perception: Effects of situation-behavior relations on dispositional judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 41-53.
    • (1989) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.56 , pp. 41-53
    • Shoda, Y.1    Mischel, W.2    Wright, J.C.3
  • 153
    • 0030615339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facilitation in repeated trait judgments: Implications for the structure of trait concepts
    • Skowronski, J. J., & Shook, J. (1997). Facilitation in repeated trait judgments: Implications for the structure of trait concepts. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 33, 21-46.
    • (1997) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.33 , pp. 21-46
    • Skowronski, J.J.1    Shook, J.2
  • 154
    • 0000487965 scopus 로고
    • Illusory correlation in a simulated exemplar-based memory
    • Smith, E. R. (1991). Illusory correlation in a simulated exemplar-based memory. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 27, 107-123.
    • (1991) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.27 , pp. 107-123
    • Smith, E.R.1
  • 155
    • 0030138086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What do connectionism and social psychology offer each other?
    • Smith, E. R. (1996). What do connectionism and social psychology offer each other? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 893-912.
    • (1996) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.70 , pp. 893-912
    • Smith, E.R.1
  • 157
    • 0031614007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Knowledge acquisition, accessibility, and use in person perception and stereotyping: Simulation with a recurrent connectionist network
    • Smith, E. R., & DeCoster, J. (1998a). Knowledge acquisition, accessibility, and use in person perception and stereotyping: Simulation with a recurrent connectionist network. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 21-35.
    • (1998) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.74 , pp. 21-35
    • Smith, E.R.1    DeCoster, J.2
  • 158
    • 0002259751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Person perception and stereotyping: Simulation using distributed representations in a recurrent connectionist network
    • S. J. Read & L. C. Miller (Eds.), Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Smith, E. R., & DeCoster, J. (1998b). Person perception and stereotyping: Simulation using distributed representations in a recurrent connectionist network. In S. J. Read & L. C. Miller (Eds.), Connectionist models of social reasoning and social behavior (pp. 111-140). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1998) Connectionist Models of Social Reasoning and Social Behavior , pp. 111-140
    • Smith, E.R.1    DeCoster, J.2
  • 159
    • 0000161536 scopus 로고
    • Exemplar and prototype use in social categorisation
    • Smith, E. R., & Zárate, M. A. (1990). Exemplar and prototype use in social categorisation. Social Cognition, 8, 243-262.
    • (1990) Social Cognition , vol.8 , pp. 243-262
    • Smith, E.R.1    Zárate, M.A.2
  • 160
    • 0002572585 scopus 로고
    • Exemplar-based model of social judgment
    • Smith, E. R., & Zárate, M. A. (1992). Exemplar-based model of social judgment. Psychological Review, 99, 3-21.
    • (1992) Psychological Review , vol.99 , pp. 3-21
    • Smith, E.R.1    Zárate, M.A.2
  • 161
    • 84971179405 scopus 로고
    • On the proper treatment of connectionism
    • Smolensky, P. (1988). On the proper treatment of connectionism. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 11, 1-74.
    • (1988) Behavioral and Brain Sciences , vol.11 , pp. 1-74
    • Smolensky, P.1
  • 162
    • 0025516779 scopus 로고
    • Tensor product variable binding and the representation of symbolic structures in connectionist systems
    • Smolensky, P. (1990). Tensor product variable binding and the representation of symbolic structures in connectionist systems. Artificial Intelligence, 46, 159-216.
    • (1990) Artificial Intelligence , vol.46 , pp. 159-216
    • Smolensky, P.1
  • 164
    • 77957067344 scopus 로고
    • Mental representations of social groups: Advances in understanding stereotypes and stereotyping
    • Stangor, C., & Lange, J. E. (1994). Mental representations of social groups: Advances in understanding stereotypes and stereotyping. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 26, 357-416.
    • (1994) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.26 , pp. 357-416
    • Stangor, C.1    Lange, J.E.2
  • 166
  • 167
    • 0002122543 scopus 로고
    • A categorization approach to stereotyping
    • D. L. Hamilton (Ed.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Taylor, S. A. (1981). A categorization approach to stereotyping. In D. L. Hamilton (Ed.), Cognitive processes in stereotyping and intergroup behavior (pp. 83-114). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1981) Cognitive Processes in Stereotyping and Intergroup Behavior , pp. 83-114
    • Taylor, S.A.1
  • 169
    • 0018878142 scopus 로고
    • A feature-integration theory of attention
    • Treisman, A. M., & Gelade, G. (1980). A feature-integration theory of attention. Cognitive Psychology, 12, 97-136.
    • (1980) Cognitive Psychology , vol.12 , pp. 97-136
    • Treisman, A.M.1    Gelade, G.2
  • 173
    • 77956771179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • People as flexible interpreters: Evidence and issues from spontaneous trait inference
    • Uleman, J. S., Newman, L. S., & Moskowitz, G. B. (1996). People as flexible interpreters: Evidence and issues from spontaneous trait inference. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 28, 211-279.
    • (1996) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.28 , pp. 211-279
    • Uleman, J.S.1    Newman, L.S.2    Moskowitz, G.B.3
  • 174
    • 0001534944 scopus 로고
    • The personal reference scale: An approach to social judgment
    • Upshaw, H. S. (1969). The personal reference scale: An approach to social judgment. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 14, 315-371.
    • (1969) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.14 , pp. 315-371
    • Upshaw, H.S.1
  • 175
    • 0032330817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causal explanation as constraint satisfaction: A critique and a feedforward connectionist alternative
    • Van Overwalle, F. (1998). Causal explanation as constraint satisfaction: A critique and a feedforward connectionist alternative. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 312-328.
    • (1998) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.74 , pp. 312-328
    • Van Overwalle, F.1
  • 176
    • 0001916511 scopus 로고
    • Scales of judgment and their implications for social psychology
    • J. H. Rohrer & M. Sherif (Eds.), New York: Harper
    • Volkmann, J. (1951). Scales of judgment and their implications for social psychology. In J. H. Rohrer & M. Sherif (Eds.), Social psychology at the crossroads (pp. 273-294). New York: Harper.
    • (1951) Social Psychology at the Crossroads , pp. 273-294
    • Volkmann, J.1
  • 178
    • 0039369550 scopus 로고
    • Beyond strategies: Implications of memory representation and memory processes for models of judgment and decision making
    • W. E. Hockley & S. Lewandowsky (Eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Weber, E. U., Goldstein, W. M., & Busemeyer, J. R. (1991). Beyond strategies: Implications of memory representation and memory processes for models of judgment and decision making. In W. E. Hockley & S. Lewandowsky (Eds.), Relating theory and data: Essays on human memory in honour of Bennet B. Murdock (pp. 75-101). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1991) Relating Theory and Data: Essays on Human Memory in Honour of Bennet B. Murdock , pp. 75-101
    • Weber, E.U.1    Goldstein, W.M.2    Busemeyer, J.R.3
  • 180
    • 0002213477 scopus 로고
    • Using artificial neural nets to model implicit and explicit memory test performance
    • P. Graf & M. E. J. Masson (Eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Wiles, J., & Humphreys, M. S. (1993). Using artificial neural nets to model implicit and explicit memory test performance. In P. Graf & M. E. J. Masson (Eds.), Implicit memory: New directions in cognition, development, and neuropsychology (pp. 141-165). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1993) Implicit Memory: New Directions in Cognition, Development, and Neuropsychology , pp. 141-165
    • Wiles, J.1    Humphreys, M.S.2
  • 181
    • 0023476508 scopus 로고
    • A conditional approach to dispositional constructs: The local predictability of social behavior
    • Wright, J. C., & Mischel, W. (1987). A conditional approach to dispositional constructs: The local predictability of social behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 1159-1177.
    • (1987) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.53 , pp. 1159-1177
    • Wright, J.C.1    Mischel, W.2
  • 183
    • 0033441384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fencing off the deviant: The role of cognitive resources in the maintenance of stereotypes
    • Yzerbyt, V. Y., Coull, A., & Rocher, S. J. (1999). Fencing off the deviant: The role of cognitive resources in the maintenance of stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 449-462.
    • (1999) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.77 , pp. 449-462
    • Yzerbyt, V.Y.1    Coull, A.2    Rocher, S.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.