Negative symptoms: The 'pathology' of motivation and goal-directed behaviour

Trends in Neurosciences

Volumn 23, Issue 9, 2000, Pages 412-417

  Brown, Richard G ^a   Pluck, Graham ^b  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; BEHAVIOR; BRAIN FUNCTION; COGNITION; EMOTION; LIMBIC CORTEX; MOTIVATION; MOTOR DYSFUNCTION; NEGATIVE SYNDROME; NEUROBIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA; STRIATE CORTEX; THALAMOCORTICAL TRACT;

EID: 0034284172     PISSN: 01662236     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0166-2236(00)01626-X     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Andreasen, N.C. (1982) Negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Definition and reliability. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 39, 784-788
2. Hughlings-Jackson J. (1931) Selected Writings. Hodder & Stoughton
3. Bleuler E. (1908) Dementia Paecox, or the Group of Schizophrenias. [Translated by Zinkin, J. ed. (1950)] International Universities Press
4. Andreasen, N.C. (1989) Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Br. J. Psychiatry 155, 53-58
5. Marin, R.S. (1991) Apathy: a neuropsychiatric syndrome. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 3, 243-254
6. Pasquier, F. et al. (1995) Dementia, apathy, and thalamic infarcts. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol. Behav. Neurol. 8, 208-214
7. Bhatia, K.P. and Marsden, C.D. (1994) The behavioural and motor consequences of focal lesions of the basal ganglia in man. Brain 117, 859-876
8. Marin, R.S. et al. (1991) Reliability and validity of the Apathy Evaluation Scale. Psychiatry Res. 38, 143-162
9. Cummings, J.L. et al. (1994) The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia. Neurology 44, 2308-2314
10. Starkstein, S.E. et al. (1993) Apathy following cerebrovascular lesions. Stroke 24, 1625-1630
11. Starkstein, S.E. et al. (1992) Reliability, validity, and clinical correlates of apathy in Parkinson's disease. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 4, 134-139
12. Kuzis, G. et al. (1999) Neuropsychological correlates of apathy and depression in patients with dementia. Neurology 52, 1403-1407
13. Andersson, S. et al. (1999) Apathy and depressed mood in acquired brain damage: relationship to lesion localization and psychophyiological reactivity. Psychol. Med. 29, 447-456
14. Rubinsztein, J.S. et al. (1998) Apathy and hypersomnia are common features of myotonic dystrophy. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 64, 510-515
15. Aarsland, D. et al. (1999) Range of neuropsychiatric disturbances in patients with Parkinson's disease. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 67, 492-496
16. Mega, M.S. et al. (1996) The spectrum of behavioral changes in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 46, 130-135
17. Levy, M.L et al. (1998) Apathy is not depression. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 10, 314-319
18. Litvan, I. et al. (1998) Neuropsychiatric features of corticobasal degeneration. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 65, 717-721
19. Diaz-Olavarrieta, C. et al. (1999) Neuropsychiatric manifestations of multiple sclerosis. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 11, 51-57
20. Castellon, S.A. et al. (1998) Apathy, depression, and cognitive performance in HIV-1 infection. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 10, 320-329
21. Reichman, W.E. et al. (1996) Negative symptoms in Alzheimer's disease. Am. J. Psychiatry 153, 424-426
22. Galynker, I.I. et al. (1995) Negative symptoms in patients with basal ganglia strokes. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol. Behav. Neurol. 8, 113-117
23. Kay, S.R. et al. (1989) The positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS): rationale and standardisation. Br. J. Psychiatry 7, 59-65
24. Marin, R.S. et al. (1993) The sources of convergence between measures of apathy and depression. J. Affect. Disord. 28, 117-124
25. Marin, R.S. (1990) Differential diagnosis and classification of apathy. Am. J. Psychiatry 147, 22-30
26. Cummings, J.L. and Benson, D.F. (1984) Subcortical dementia. Review of an emerging concept. Arch. Neurol. 41, 874-879
27. Alexander, G.E. et al. (1990) Basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits: parallel substrates for motor, oculomotor, 'prefrontal' and 'limbic' functions. Prog. Brain Res. 85, 119-146
28. Mogenson, G.J. et al. (1980) From motivation to action: functional interface between the limbic system and the motor system. Prog. Neurobiol. 14, 69-97
29. Groenewegen, H.J. et al. (1996) The nucleus accumbens: gateway for limbic structures to reach the motor system. In Progress in Brain Research (Vol. 107) (Holstege G. et al., eds), pp. 485-511, Elsevier
30. Price J.L. et al. (1996) Networks related to the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex; a substrate for emotional behavior? In Progress in Brain Research (Vol. 107) (Holstege G. et al., eds), pp. 523-536, Elsevier
31. Haber, S.N. et al. (1995) The orbital and medial prefrontal circuit through the primate basal ganglia. J. Neurosci. 15, 4851-4867
32. Gibb, W.R.G. (1989) Dementia and Parkinson's disease. Br. J. Psychiatry 154, 596-614
33. Gibb, W.R.G. et al. (1989) The substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area in Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 52, 193-200
34. Jellinger, K. (1988) The pedunculopontine nucleus in Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 51, 540-543
35. Erro, E. and Gimenez-Amaya, J.M. (1999) Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus. Anatomy, functional considerations and physiopathological implications. An. Sist. Sanit. Navarra 22, 189-201
36. Busatto, G.F. and Kerwin, R.W. (1997) Schizophrenia, psychosis, and the basal ganglia. Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. 20, 897-910
37. Lafer, B. et al. (1997) Major depression and the basal ganglia. Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. 20, 885-896
38. Robbins, T.W. and Everitt, B.J. (1996) Neurobehavioural mechanisms of reward and motivation. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 6, 228-236
39. Davidson, R.J. and Irwin, W. (1999) The functional neuroanatomy of emotion and affective style. Trends Cog. Sci. 3, 11-21
40. Schultz, W. et al. (1993) Primate dopamine neurons: from movement to motivation and back. In Role of the Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia in Voluntary Movements (Mano N. et al., eds), pp. 89-97, Elsevier
41. Spangel, R. and Weiss, F. (1999) The dopamine hypothesis of reward: past and current status. Trends Neurosci. 22, 521-527
42. Schultz, W. (1999) The primate basal ganglia and the voluntary control of behaviour. J. Consc. Stud. 6, 31-45
43. Marin, R.S. et al. (1995) Apathy: a treatable syndrome. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 7, 23-30
44. Levy, M.L. et al. (1999) Neuropsychiatric symptoms and cholinergic therapy for Alzheimer's disease. Gerontology 45, 15-22
45. Dickinson, A. and Balleine, B. (1994) Motivational control of goal-directed action. Anim. Learn. Behav. 22, 1-18
46. Nader, K. et al. (1997) Neurobiological constraints on behavioral models of motivation. Ann. Rev. Psychol. 48, 85-114