Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in schizophrenia: Methodological issues and findings - Part I

Biological Psychiatry

Volumn 48, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 357-368

  Stanley, Jeff A ^a   Pettegrew, Jay W ^a   Keshavan, Matcheri S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

Author keywords

Brain; In vivo; Phosphorus; Proton; Quantification; Spectroscopy

Indexed keywords

HUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PHOSPHOLIPID METABOLISM; PHOSPHORUS NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SIGNAL NOISE RATIO;

ANIMALS; BRAIN CHEMISTRY; HUMANS; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

EID: 0034282561     PISSN: 00063223     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3223(00)00949-5     Document Type: Review

References (96)

1. 31P NMR using surface coils. Nature. 283:1980;167-170.
2. Arnold D.L., Matthews P.M., Francis G., Antel J. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human brain in vivo in the evaluation of multiple sclerosis Assessment of the load of disease . Magn Reson Med. 14:1990;154-159.
3. Barantin L., Akoka S. An overview of absolute quantification methods for in vivo MRS. J Magn Reson Analysis. 3:1997;21-27.
4. 1H MR spectra Prior knowledge, peak elimination, and filtering . NMR Biomed. 12:1999;205-216.
5. 1H STEAM spectra at 1.5 tesla and 4.0 tesla. In: Proceedings of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Berkeley, CA: ISMRM, 1572.
6. Bartha R., Williamson P.C., Drost D.J., Malla A., Carr T.J., Cortese L., et al. Measurement of glutamate and glutamine in the medial prefrontal cortex of never-treated schizophrenic patients and healthy controls by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 54:1997;959-965.
7. 31P signal . Magn Reson Med. 12:1989;145-150.
8. 1H NMR spectra of human brain. Magn Reson Med. 32:1994;294-302.
9. Bessman S.P., Geiger P.J. Transport of energy in muscle The phosphorylcreatine shuttle . Science. 211:1981;448-452.
10. 31P MRS in in vivo human brain. Magn Reson Med. 42:1999;643-654.
11. Bovee W.M., Keevil S.F., Leach M.O., Podo F. Quality assessment in in vivo NMR spectroscopy II. A protocol for quality assessment. EEC Concerted Research Project . Magn Reson Imaging. 13:1995;123-129.
12. Brooks J.C., Roberts N., Kemp G.J., Martin P.A., Whitehouse G.H. Magnetic resonance imaging-based compartmentation and its application to measuring metabolite concentrations in the frontal lobe. Magn Reson Med. 41:1999;883-888.
13. 1H-MRS in vivo. Magn Reson Med. 41:1999;193-197.
14. Brown T.R. Practical applications of chemical shift imaging. NMR Biomed. 5:1992;238-243.
15. Buchli R., Duc C.O., Martin E., Boesiger P. Assessment of absolute metabolite concentrations in human tissue by 31P MRS in vivo. Part I: Cerebrum, cerebellum, cerebral gray and white matter . Magn Reson Med. 32:1994;447-452.
16. 31P MRS. NMR Biomed. 7:1994;225-230.
17. 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy study in vivo . Pediatr Res. 35:1994;431-435.
18. Burger C., Buchli R., McKinnon G., Meier D., Boesiger P. The impact of the ISIS experiment order on spatial contamination. Magn Reson Med. 26:1992;218-230.
19. 31P-NMR lineshapes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 603:1980;63-69.
20. 31P NMR phosphomonoester and biochemically determined phosphorylethanolamine and phosphatidylethanolamine during development of the rat brain. Dev Neurosci. 10:1988;213-221.
21. 31P NMR studies of excised gray and white calf brain. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 94:1989;679-685.
22. Connelly A., Jackson G.D., Duncan J.S., King M.D., Gadian D.G. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurology. 44:1994;1411-1417.
23. Danielsen E.R., Michaelis T., Ross B.D. Three methods of calibration in quantitative proton MR spectroscopy. J Magn Reson B. 106:1995;287-291.
24. Dawson R.M.C. Enzymatic pathways of phospholipid metabolism in the nervous system. Eichberg J., Phospholipids in Nervous Tissues. 1985;45-78 Wiley, New York.
25. de Beer R., van Ormondt D. Analysis of NMR data using time domain fitting procedures. Diehl P., Fluck E., Gunther H., Kosfeld R., Seelig J., NMR Basic Principles and Progress . 1992;199-281 Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Vol 123.
26. 1H NMR spectra by optimization of signal acquisition and processing and by incorporation of prior knowledge into the spectral fitting. Magn Reson Med. 15:1990;305-319.
27. 31P-NMR studies on membrane phospholipids in microsomes, rat liver slices and intact perfused rat liver. Biochim Biophys Acta. 600:1980;343-357.
28. De Stefano N., Matthews P.M., Arnold D.L. Reversible decreases in N-acetylaspartate after acute brain injury. Magn Reson Med. 34:1995;721-727.
29. Do K.Q., Trabesinger A.H., Kirsten-Kruger M., Lauer C.J., Dydak U., Hell D., et al. A unified hypothesis of schizophrenia based on glutathione deficit. Biol Psychiatry. 45:(8S):1999;42.
30. Doyle T.J., Bedell B.J., Narayana P.A. Relative concentrations of proton MR visible neurochemicals in gray and white matter in human brain. Magn Reson Med. 33:1995;755-759.
31. Erecinska M., Silver I.A. Metabolism and role of glutamate in mammalian brain. Prog Neurobiol. 35:1990;245-296.
32. Ernst T., Chang L. Elimination of artifacts in short echo time H MR spectroscopy of the frontal lobe. Magn Reson Med. 36:1996;462-468.
33. 1H spectroscopy of major brain metabolites. Magn Reson Med. 21:1991;82-96.
34. Farrar T.C., Becker E.D. Pulse and Fourier Transform NMR Introduction to Theory and Methods . 1971;Academic Press, New York.
35. Ferrige A.G., Lindon J.C. Resolution enhancement in FT NMR through the use of a double exponential function. J Magn Reson. 31:1978;337-340.
36. 1H NMR spectra of human brain in vivo. NMR Biomed. 4:1991;201-204.
37. Fukushima E., Roeder S.B.W. Experimental Pulse NMR A Nuts and Bolts Approach . 1981;Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
38. Gadian DG (1995): NMR and Its Applications to Living Systems, 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
39. 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the investigation of intractable epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 152:1994;116-121.
40. Gruetter R. Automatic, localized in vivo adjustment of all first- and second-order shim coils. Magn Reson Med. 29:1993;804-811.
41. 31P-MRS. Pediatr Neurol. 18:1998;305-310.
42. 1H spectroscopic imaging of human brain at 4.1 T using image segmentation. Magn Reson Med. 36:1996;21-29.
43. 1H chemical-shift-imaging spectroscopy. J Magn Reson B. 108:1995;213-219.
44. Kauppinen R.A., Kokko H., Williams S.R. Detection of mobile proteins by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the guinea pig brain ex vivo and their partial purification. J Neurochem. 58:1992;967-974.
45. Keevil S.F., Barbiroli B., Brooks J.C., Cady E.B., Canese R., Carlier P., et al. Absolute metabolite quantification by in vivo NMR spectroscopy II. A multicentre trial of protocols for in vivo localised proton studies of human brain . Magn Reson Imaging. 16:1998;1093-1106.
46. Keltner J.R., Wald L.L., Frederick B.D., Renshaw P.F. In vivo detection of GABA in human brain using a localized double-quantum filter technique. Magn Reson Med. 37:1997;366-371.
47. Keshavan MS, Stanley JA, Pettegrew JW (2000): Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in schizophrenia: Methodological issues and findingspart -II. Biol Psychiatry 48:369-380.
48. 31P-NMR study of brain phospholipid structures in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1085:1991;257-264.
49. Kreis R., Ernst T., Ross B.D. Absolute quantitation of water and metabolites in the human brain. II. Metabolite concentrations. J Magn Reson B. 102:1993;9-19.
50. Leach M.O., Collins D.J., Keevil S., Rowland I., Smith M.A., Henriksen O., et al. Quality assessment in in vivo NMR spectroscopy III. Clinical test objects: Design, construction, and solutions . Magn Reson Imaging. 13:1995;131-137.
51. 31P NMR spectra localized by three-dimensional chemical shift imaging. NMR Biomed. 9:1996;141-155.
52. Lim K.O., Pauly J., Webb P., Hurd R., Macovski A. Short TE phosphorus spectroscopy using a spin-echo pulse. Magn Reson Med. 32:1994;98-103.
53. Lim K.O., Spielman D.M. Estimating NAA in cortical gray matter with applications for measuring changes due to aging. Magn Reson Med. 37:1997;372-377.
54. 1H spectroscopic imaging of normal and aging brain. Magn Reson Med. 41:1999;841-845.
55. 31P NMR spectroscopy. NMR Biomed. 1:1989;177-183.
56. Magistretti P.J., Pellerin L. Cellular mechanisms of brain energy metabolism and their relevance to functional brain imaging. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 354:1999;1155-1163.
57. 31P metabolite differences in human cerebral gray and white matter. Magn Reson Med. 39:1998;346-353.
58. Mason G.F., Pan J.W., Ponder S.L., Twieg D.B., Pohost G.M., Hetherington H.P. Detection of brain glutamate and glutamine in spectroscopic images at 4.1 T. Magn Reson Med. 32:1994;142-145.
59. 31P NMR spectra of the human brain in vivo. NMR Biomed. 7:1994;237-242.
60. 31P NMR spectroscopy of the adult human brain in vivo using stimulated-echo (STEAM) sequences. J Magn Reson. 89:1990;343-361.
61. 1H NMR spectroscopy N-Acetyl-L-aspartate, creatine and choline . NMR Biomed. 4:1991;47-52.
62. 31P chemical shift imaging of the human brain in normal volunteers. NMR Biomed. 6:1993;173-180.
63. Ordidge R.J., Connelly A., Lohman J.B. Image-selected in vivo spectroscopy (ISIS). A new technique for spatially selective NMR spectroscopy. J Magn Reson. 66:1986;283-294.
64. Pettegrew J.W., Keshavan M.S., Panchalingam K., Strychor S., Kaplan D.B., Tretta M.G., Allen M. Alterations in brain high-energy phosphate and membrane phospholipid metabolism in first-episode, drug-naive schizophrenics. A pilot study of the dorsal prefrontal cortex by in vivo phosphorus 31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 48:1991;563-568.
65. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance studies of phosphoglyceride metabolism in developing and degenerating brain Preliminary observations . J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 46:1987;419-430.
66. 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of developing brain. Keshavan M.S., Murray R.M., Neurodevelopement & Adult Psychopathology. 1997;71-92 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
67. Pettegrew J.W., Panchalingam K., Klunk W.E., McClure R.J., Muenz L.R. Alterations of cerebral metabolism in probable Alzheimer's disease A preliminary study . Neurobiol Aging. 15:1994;117-132.
68. Pettegrew J.W., Panchalingam K., Withers G., McKeag D., Strychor S. Changes in brain energy and phospholipid metabolism during development and aging in the Fischer 344 rat. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 49:1990;237-249.
69. 1H NMR spectra of the rat brain . J Magn Reson. 141:1999;104-120.
70. 1H-MRS evidence of neurodegeneration and excess glutamate + glutamine in ALS medulla. Neurology. 53:1999;71-79.
71. Podo F., Henriksen O., Bovee W.M., Leach M.O., Leibfritz D., de Certaines J.D. Absolute metabolite quantification by in vivo NMR spectroscopy I. Introduction, objectives and activities of a concerted action in biomedical research . Magn Reson Imaging. 16:1998;1085-1092.
72. 1H spectroscopy in human brain at 4 Tesla. Magn Reson Med. 33:1995;246-252.
73. Posse S., Schuknecht B., Smith M.E., van Zijl P.C., Herschkowitz N., Moonen C.T. Short echo time proton MR spectroscopic imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 17:1993;1-14.
74. 31P chemical shift imaging study of medicated schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. Biol Psychiatry. 45:1999;687-693.
75. Pouwels P.J., Frahm J. Differential distribution of NAA and NAAG in human brain as determined by quantitative localized proton MRS. NMR Biomed. 10:1997;73-78.
76. Pouwels P.J., Frahm J. Regional metabolite concentrations in human brain as determined by quantitative localized proton MRS. Magn Reson Med. 39:1998;53-60.
77. Provencher S.W. Estimation of metabolite concentrations from localized in vivo proton NMR spectra. Magn Reson Med. 30:1993;672-679.
78. 1H NMR measurements of gamma-aminobutyric acid in human brain in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 90:1993;5662-5666.
79. Rothman D.L., Sibson N.R., Hyder F., Shen J., Behar K.L., Shulman R.G. In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of the relationship between the glutamate-glutamine neurotransmitter cycle and functional neuroenergetics. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 354:1999;1165-1177.
80. Seeger U., Klose U., Lutz O., Grodd W. Elimination of residual lipid contamination in single volume proton MR spectra of human brain. Magn Reson Imaging. 17:1999;1219-1226.
81. Shen J., Rycyna R.E., Rothman D.L. Improvements on an in vivo automatic shimming method [FASTERMAP]. Magn Reson Med. 38:1997;834-839.
82. Shepherd GM (1994): Neurobiology, 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
83. Soher B.J., Young K., Govindaraju V., Maudsley A.A. Automated spectral analysis III Application to in vivo proton MR spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging . Magn Reson Med. 40:1998;822-831.
84. 1H MR spectra. Magn Reson Med. 34:1995;17-24.
85. Stanley JA, Panchalingam K, Miller G, McClure RJ, Pettegrew JW (1997): A new method to quantify the broad component under the phosphodiester resonance and its application to study first-episode never medicated schizophrenics. In: Proceedings of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Berkeley, CA: ISMRM, 1408.
86. Stanley J.A., Williamson P.C., Drost D.J., Carr T.J., Rylett R.J., Malla A., Thompson R.T. An in vivo study of the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic patients at different stages of illness via phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 52:1995;399-406.
87. 31P-MR spectroscopy study . Schizophr Res. 13:1994;209-215.
88. Stanley J.A., Williamson P.C., Drost D.J., Rylett R.J., Carr T.J., Malla A., Thompson R.T. An in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Bull. 22:1996;597-609.
89. Trabesinger A.H., Weber O.M., Duc C.O., Boesiger P. Detection of glutathione in the human brain in vivo by means of double quantum coherence filtering. Magn Reson Med. 42:1999;283-289.
90. Truckenmiller M.E., Namboodiri M.A.A., Brownstein M.J., Neale J.H. N-Acetylation of L-aspartate in the nervous system Differential distribution of a specific enzyme . J Neurochem. 45:1985;1658-1662.
91. Urenjak J., Williams S.R., Gadian D.G., Noble M. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy unambiguously identifies different neural cell types. J Neurosci. 13:1993;981-989.
92. van den Berg C.J., Garfinkel D. A stimulation study of brain compartments. Metabolism of glutamate and related substances in mouse brain. Biochem J. 123:1971;211-218.
93. Vanhamme L., van den Boogaart A., Van Huffel S. Improved method for accurate and efficient quantification of MRS data with use of prior knowledge. J Magn Reson. 129:1997;35-43.
94. Wallimann T., Wyss M., Brdiczka D., Nicolay K., Eppenberger H.M. Intracellular compartmentation, structure and function of creatine kinase isoenzymes in tissues with high and fluctuating energy demands The "phosphocreatine circuit" for cellular energy homeostasis . Biochem J. 281:1992;21-40.
95. Williamson P., Pelz D., Merskey H., Morrison S., Karlik S., Drost D., et al. Frontal, temporal, and striatal proton relaxation times in schizophrenic patients and normal comparison subjects. Am J Psychiatry. 149:1992;549-551.
96. Wilman A.H., Allen P.S. Yield enhancement of a double-quantum filter sequence designed for the edited detection of GABA. J Magn Reson B. 109:1995;169-174.