메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 354, Issue 1387, 1999, Pages 1155-1163

Cellular mechanisms of brain energy metabolism and their relevance to functional brain imaging

Author keywords

Astrocytes; Deoxyglucose; Glutamate; Lactate; PET

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA;

EID: 0033614973     PISSN: 09628436     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.1999.0471     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (622)

References (63)
  • 1
    • 0028239228 scopus 로고
    • Importance of nitric oxide for local increases of blood flow in rat cerebellar cortex during electrical stimulation
    • Akgören, N., Fabricius, M. & Lauritzen, M. 1994 Importance of nitric oxide for local increases of blood flow in rat cerebellar cortex during electrical stimulation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 91, 5903-5907.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 5903-5907
    • Akgören, N.1    Fabricius, M.2    Lauritzen, M.3
  • 2
    • 0000178410 scopus 로고
    • On a system of fibre-like cells surrounding the blood vessels of the brain of man and mammals, and its physiological significance
    • Andriezen, W. L. 1893 On a system of fibre-like cells surrounding the blood vessels of the brain of man and mammals, and its physiological significance. Int. Monatsschr. Anat. Physiol. 10, 532-540.
    • (1893) Int. Monatsschr. Anat. Physiol. , vol.10 , pp. 532-540
    • Andriezen, W.L.1
  • 3
    • 0026335130 scopus 로고
    • New roles for glia
    • Barres, B. A. 1991 New roles for glia. J. Neurosci. 11, 3685-3694.
    • (1991) J. Neurosci. , vol.11 , pp. 3685-3694
    • Barres, B.A.1
  • 4
    • 0031472475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptic activation of glutamate transporters in hippocampal astrocytes
    • Bergles, D. E. & Jahr, C. E. 1997 Synaptic activation of glutamate transporters in hippocampal astrocytes. Neuron 19, 1297-1308.
    • (1997) Neuron , vol.19 , pp. 1297-1308
    • Bergles, D.E.1    Jahr, C.E.2
  • 5
    • 0032189544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial contribution to glutamate uptake at Schaffer collateral-commissural synapses in the hippocampus
    • Bergles, D. E. & Jahr, C. E. 1998 Glial contribution to glutamate uptake at Schaffer collateral-commissural synapses in the hippocampus. J. Neurosci. 18, 7709-7716.
    • (1998) J. Neurosci. , vol.18 , pp. 7709-7716
    • Bergles, D.E.1    Jahr, C.E.2
  • 6
    • 0026341268 scopus 로고
    • Glial cells in the central nervous system
    • (ed. P. J. Magistretti). Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Bignami, A. 1991 Glial cells in the central nervous system. In Discussions in neuroscience, vol. VIII, no. 1 (ed. P. J. Magistretti), pp. 1-45. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
    • (1991) Discussions in Neuroscience , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-45
    • Bignami, A.1
  • 7
    • 0029990892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective distribution of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in neurons and astrocytes of human brain
    • Bittar, P. G., Charnay, Y., Pellerin, L., Bouras, C. & Magistretti, P. J. 1996 Selective distribution of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in neurons and astrocytes of human brain. J. Cerebr. Blood-Flow Metab. 16, 1079-1089.
    • (1996) J. Cerebr. Blood-Flow Metab. , vol.16 , pp. 1079-1089
    • Bittar, P.G.1    Charnay, Y.2    Pellerin, L.3    Bouras, C.4    Magistretti, P.J.5
  • 8
    • 0021202507 scopus 로고
    • Excitatory amino acids directly depolarize rat brain astrocytes in primary culture
    • Bowman, C. L. & Kimelberg, H. K. 1984 Excitatory amino acids directly depolarize rat brain astrocytes in primary culture. Nature 311, 656-659.
    • (1984) Nature , vol.311 , pp. 656-659
    • Bowman, C.L.1    Kimelberg, H.K.2
  • 9
    • 0030774069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of lactate transport in astroglial cells and monocarboxylate transporter I (MCTI) expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes
    • Bröer, S., Rahman, B., Pellegri, G., Pellerin, L., Martin, J.-L., Verleysdonk, S., Hamprecht, B. & Magistretti, P. J. 1997 Comparison of lactate transport in astroglial cells and monocarboxylate transporter I (MCTI) expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 30 096-30 102.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 30096-30102
    • Bröer, S.1    Rahman, B.2    Pellegri, G.3    Pellerin, L.4    Martin, J.-L.5    Verleysdonk, S.6    Hamprecht, B.7    Magistretti, P.J.8
  • 10
    • 0030022379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of neuronal NO synthase inhibition on the cerebral vasodilatory response to somatosensory stimulation
    • Cholet, N., Bonvento, G. & Seylaz, J. 1996 Effect of neuronal NO synthase inhibition on the cerebral vasodilatory response to somatosensory stimulation. Brain Res. 708, 197-200.
    • (1996) Brain Res. , vol.708 , pp. 197-200
    • Cholet, N.1    Bonvento, G.2    Seylaz, J.3
  • 11
    • 0030833903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local uncoupling of the cerebrovascular and metabolic responses to somatosensory stimulation after neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibition
    • Cholet, N., Seylaz, J., Lacombe, P. & Bonvento, G. 1997 Local uncoupling of the cerebrovascular and metabolic responses to somatosensory stimulation after neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibition. J. Cerebr. Blood-Flow Metab. 17, 1191-1201.
    • (1997) J. Cerebr. Blood-flow Metab. , vol.17 , pp. 1191-1201
    • Cholet, N.1    Seylaz, J.2    Lacombe, P.3    Bonvento, G.4
  • 12
    • 0009623381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide and the cerebral microcirculation
    • (ed. K. M. A. Welch, L. R. Caplan, D. J. Reis, B. K. Siesjö & R. Weir). San Diego, CA; Academic Press
    • Dalkara, T. & Moskowitz, M. A. 1997 Nitric oxide and the cerebral microcirculation. In Primers on cerebrovascular diseases (ed. K. M. A. Welch, L. R. Caplan, D. J. Reis, B. K. Siesjö & R. Weir), pp. 96-98. San Diego, CA; Academic Press.
    • (1997) Primers on Cerebrovascular Diseases , pp. 96-98
    • Dalkara, T.1    Moskowitz, M.A.2
  • 13
    • 0028143148 scopus 로고
    • The high affinity uptake system for excitatory amino acids in the brain
    • Danbolt, N. C. 1994 The high affinity uptake system for excitatory amino acids in the brain. Prog. Neurobiol. 44, 377-396.
    • (1994) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.44 , pp. 377-396
    • Danbolt, N.C.1
  • 14
    • 0030944254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulated release of lactate in freely moving rats is dependent on the uptake of glutamate
    • Demestre, M., Boutelle, M. & Fillenz, M. 1997 Stimulated release of lactate in freely moving rats is dependent on the uptake of glutamate. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 499, 825-832.
    • (1997) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.499 , pp. 825-832
    • Demestre, M.1    Boutelle, M.2    Fillenz, M.3
  • 15
    • 0027512740 scopus 로고
    • Physiological stimulation increases nonoxidative glucose metabolism in the brain of the freely moving rat
    • Fellows, L. K., Boutelle, M. G. & Fillenz, M. 1993 Physiological stimulation increases nonoxidative glucose metabolism in the brain of the freely moving rat. J. Neurochem. 60, 1258-1263.
    • (1993) J. Neurochem. , vol.60 , pp. 1258-1263
    • Fellows, L.K.1    Boutelle, M.G.2    Fillenz, M.3
  • 16
    • 0021330769 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate: A neurotransmitter in mammalian brain
    • Fonnum, F. 1984 Glutamate: a neurotransmitter in mammalian brain. J. Neurochem. 42, 1-11.
    • (1984) J. Neurochem. , vol.42 , pp. 1-11
    • Fonnum, F.1
  • 17
    • 0023780085 scopus 로고
    • Nonoxidative glucose consumption during focal physiologic neural activity
    • Fox, P. T., Raichle, M. E., Mintun, M. A. & Deuce, C. 1988 Nonoxidative glucose consumption during focal physiologic neural activity. Science 241, 462-464.
    • (1988) Science , vol.241 , pp. 462-464
    • Fox, P.T.1    Raichle, M.E.2    Mintun, M.A.3    Deuce, C.4
  • 19
    • 0030021266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic uncoupling and recoupling of perfusion and oxidative metabolism during focal brain activation in man
    • Frahm, J., Krüger, G., Merboldt, K.-D. & Kleinschmidt, A. 1996 Dynamic uncoupling and recoupling of perfusion and oxidative metabolism during focal brain activation in man. Magn. Reson. Med. 35, 143-148.
    • (1996) Magn. Reson. Med. , vol.35 , pp. 143-148
    • Frahm, J.1    Krüger, G.2    Merboldt, K.-D.3    Kleinschmidt, A.4
  • 20
    • 0029857160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanisms controlling physiologically stimulated changes in rat brain glucose and lactate-a microdialysis study
    • Fray, A. E., Forsyth, R. J., Boutelle, M. G. & Fillenz., M. 1996 The mechanisms controlling physiologically stimulated changes in rat brain glucose and lactate-a microdialysis study. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 496, 49-57.
    • (1996) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.496 , pp. 49-57
    • Fray, A.E.1    Forsyth, R.J.2    Boutelle, M.G.3    Fillenz, M.4
  • 21
    • 0026596478 scopus 로고
    • Molecular neurobiology of glutamate receptors
    • Gasic, G. P. & Hollmann, M. 1992 Molecular neurobiology of glutamate receptors. A. Rev. Physiol. 54, 507-536.
    • (1992) A. Rev. Physiol. , vol.54 , pp. 507-536
    • Gasic, G.P.1    Hollmann, M.2
  • 23
    • 0030894684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid changes in local extracellular rat brain glucose observed with an in vivo glucose sensor
    • Hu, Y. & Wilson, G. S. 1997 Rapid changes in local extracellular rat brain glucose observed with an in vivo glucose sensor. J. Neurochem. 68, 1745-1752.
    • (1997) J. Neurochem. , vol.68 , pp. 1745-1752
    • Hu, Y.1    Wilson, G.S.2
  • 25
    • 0031440995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous monocarboxylates sustain hippocampal synaptic function and morphological integrity during energy deprivation
    • Izumi, Y., Benz, A. M., Katsuki, H. & Zorumski, C. F. 1997 Endogenous monocarboxylates sustain hippocampal synaptic function and morphological integrity during energy deprivation. J. Neurosci. 17, 9448-9457.
    • (1997) J. Neurosci. , vol.17 , pp. 9448-9457
    • Izumi, Y.1    Benz, A.M.2    Katsuki, H.3    Zorumski, C.F.4
  • 26
    • 0003149590 scopus 로고
    • The general metabolism of the brain in vivo
    • (ed. D. Richter). London: Pergamon Press
    • Kety, S. S. 1957 The general metabolism of the brain in vivo. In The metabolism of the nervous system (ed. D. Richter), pp. 221-237. London: Pergamon Press.
    • (1957) The Metabolism of the Nervous System , pp. 221-237
    • Kety, S.S.1
  • 28
    • 0002584549 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of brain microenvironment: Transmitters and ions
    • (ed. S. Murphy). San Diego, CA: Academic Press
    • Kimelberg, H. K., Jalonen, T. & Walz, W. 1993 Regulation of brain microenvironment: transmitters and ions. In Astrocytes: pharmacology and function (ed. S. Murphy), p. 193-228. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • (1993) Astrocytes: Pharmacology and Function , pp. 193-228
    • Kimelberg, H.K.1    Jalonen, T.2    Walz, W.3
  • 29
    • 0028906312 scopus 로고
    • Lactate metabolism and its effects on glucose metabolism in an excised neural tissue
    • Larrabee, M. G. 1995 Lactate metabolism and its effects on glucose metabolism in an excised neural tissue. J. Neurochem. 64, 1734-1741.
    • (1995) J. Neurochem. , vol.64 , pp. 1734-1741
    • Larrabee, M.G.1
  • 30
    • 0020506928 scopus 로고
    • + uptake require glycolysis
    • + uptake require glycolysis. FASEB J. 42, 2875-2880.
    • (1983) FASEB J. , vol.42 , pp. 2875-2880
    • Lipton, P.1    Robacker, K.2
  • 31
    • 0002441454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupling of cerebral blood flow and metabolism
    • (ed. K. M. A. Welch, L. R. Caplan, D. J. Reis, B. K. Siesjö & B. Weir). San Diego, CA: Academic Press
    • Magistretti, P. J. 1997 Coupling of cerebral blood flow and metabolism. In Primers on cerebrovascular diseases (ed. K. M. A. Welch, L. R. Caplan, D. J. Reis, B. K. Siesjö & B. Weir), pp. 70-75. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • (1997) Primers on Cerebrovascular Diseases , pp. 70-75
    • Magistretti, P.J.1
  • 32
    • 8544256292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic coupling during activation: A cellular view
    • Magistretti, P. J. & Pellerin, L. 1997 Metabolic coupling during activation: a cellular view. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 413, 161-166.
    • (1997) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. , vol.413 , pp. 161-166
    • Magistretti, P.J.1    Pellerin, L.2
  • 34
    • 0029997609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between electrical activity and cortical microcirculation revealed by imaging spectrosropy: Implications for functional brain mapping
    • Malonck, D. & Grinvald, A. 1996 Interactions between electrical activity and cortical microcirculation revealed by imaging spectrosropy: implications for functional brain mapping. Science 272, 551-554.
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 551-554
    • Malonck, D.1    Grinvald, A.2
  • 36
    • 0017579832 scopus 로고
    • Glutamine synthetase: Glial localization in brain
    • Martinez-Hernandez, A., Bell, K. P. & Norenberg, M. D. 1977 Glutamine synthetase: glial localization in brain. Science 195, 1356-1358.
    • (1977) Science , vol.195 , pp. 1356-1358
    • Martinez-Hernandez, A.1    Bell, K.P.2    Norenberg, M.D.3
  • 37
    • 0029294583 scopus 로고
    • The human blood brain barrier glucose transporter (GLUTI) is a glucose transporter of gray matter astrocytes
    • Morgello, S., Uson, R. R., Schwartz, E. J. & Haber, R. S. 1995 The human blood brain barrier glucose transporter (GLUTI) is a glucose transporter of gray matter astrocytes. Glia 14, 43-54.
    • (1995) Glia , vol.14 , pp. 43-54
    • Morgello, S.1    Uson, R.R.2    Schwartz, E.J.3    Haber, R.S.4
  • 38
    • 0026754226 scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic signal changes accompanying sensory stimulation: Functional brain mapping with magnetic resonance imaging
    • Ogawa, S., Tank, D. W., Menon, R., Ellermann, J. M., Kim, S. G., Merkle, H. & Ugurbil, K. 1992 Intrinsic signal changes accompanying sensory stimulation: functional brain mapping with magnetic resonance imaging. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 89, 5951-5955.
    • (1992) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.89 , pp. 5951-5955
    • Ogawa, S.1    Tank, D.W.2    Menon, R.3    Ellermann, J.M.4    Kim, S.G.5    Merkle, H.6    Ugurbil, K.7
  • 39
    • 0019990667 scopus 로고
    • A laminar analysis of the number of neurons, glia and synapses in the visual cortex (area 17) of the adult macaque monkey
    • O'Kusky, J. & Colonnier, M. 1982 A laminar analysis of the number of neurons, glia and synapses in the visual cortex (area 17) of the adult macaque monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 210, 278-290.
    • (1982) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.210 , pp. 278-290
    • O'Kusky, J.1    Colonnier, M.2
  • 40
    • 0017600519 scopus 로고
    • Transport of metabolic substrates through the blood-brain barrier
    • Pardridge, W. M. & Oldendorf, W. H. 1977 Transport of metabolic substrates through the blood-brain barrier. J. Neurochem. 28, 5-12.
    • (1977) J. Neurochem. , vol.28 , pp. 5-12
    • Pardridge, W.M.1    Oldendorf, W.H.2
  • 41
    • 0014064165 scopus 로고
    • The role of membrane phosphoglycerate in the control of glycolytic rate by active cation transport in human red blood cells
    • Parker, J. C. & Hoffman, J. F. 1967 The role of membrane phosphoglycerate in the control of glycolytic rate by active cation transport in human red blood cells. J. Gen. Physiol. 60, 893-916.
    • (1967) J. Gen. Physiol. , vol.60 , pp. 893-916
    • Parker, J.C.1    Hoffman, J.F.2
  • 42
    • 0028080101 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate uptake into astrocytes stimulates aerobic glycolysis: A mechanism coupling neuronal activity to glucose utilization
    • Pellerin, L. & Magistretti, P. J. 1994 Glutamate uptake into astrocytes stimulates aerobic glycolysis: a mechanism coupling neuronal activity to glucose utilization. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 91, 10 625-10 629.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 10625-10629
    • Pellerin, L.1    Magistretti, P.J.2
  • 44
    • 0030870286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + ATPase activity in astrocytes via activation of a distinct subunit highly sensitive to ouabain
    • + ATPase activity in astrocytes via activation of a distinct subunit highly sensitive to ouabain. J. Neurochem. 69, 2132-2137.
    • (1997) J. Neurochem. , vol.69 , pp. 2132-2137
    • Pellerin, L.1    Magistretti, P.J.2
  • 45
    • 0032584084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of monocarboxylate transporter mRNAs in mouse brain: Support for a distinct role of lactate as an energy substrate for the neonatal vs. adult brain
    • Pellerin, L., Pellegri, G., Martin, J.-L. & Magistretti, P. J. 1998 Expression of monocarboxylate transporter mRNAs in mouse brain: support for a distinct role of lactate as an energy substrate for the neonatal vs. adult brain. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 3990-3995.
    • (1998) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95 , pp. 3990-3995
    • Pellerin, L.1    Pellegri, G.2    Martin, J.-L.3    Magistretti, P.J.4
  • 47
    • 0018582265 scopus 로고
    • Tomographic measurement of local cerebral glucose metabolic rate in humans with (F-18)2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose: Validation of method
    • Phelps, M. E., Huang, S. C., Hoffman, E. J., Selin, C., Sokoloff, L. & Kuhl, D. E. 1979 Tomographic measurement of local cerebral glucose metabolic rate in humans with (F-18)2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose: validation of method. Ann. Neurol. 6, 371-388.
    • (1979) Ann. Neurol. , vol.6 , pp. 371-388
    • Phelps, M.E.1    Huang, S.C.2    Hoffman, E.J.3    Selin, C.4    Sokoloff, L.5    Kuhl, D.E.6
  • 49
    • 0028155236 scopus 로고
    • Visualizing the mind
    • Raichle, M. E. 1994 Visualizing the mind. Sci. Am. 270, 36-42.
    • (1994) Sci. Am. , vol.270 , pp. 36-42
    • Raichle, M.E.1
  • 50
    • 0011323738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity and functional properties of subtypes of sodium-dependent glutamate transporters in the mammalian central nervous system
    • Robinson, M. B. & Dowd, L. A. 1997 Heterogeneity and functional properties of subtypes of sodium-dependent glutamate transporters in the mammalian central nervous system. Adv. Pharmacol. 37, 69-115.
    • (1997) Adv. Pharmacol. , vol.37 , pp. 69-115
    • Robinson, M.B.1    Dowd, L.A.2
  • 51
    • 0001584096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subcellular topography and plasticity of gap junction distribution on astrocytes
    • (ed. D. C. Spray & R. Dermietzel). Austin, TX: R. G. Landes
    • Rohlmann, A. & Wolff, J. R. 1996 Subcellular topography and plasticity of gap junction distribution on astrocytes. In Gap junctions in the nervous system (ed. D. C. Spray & R. Dermietzel), pp. 175-192. Austin, TX: R. G. Landes.
    • (1996) Gap Junctions in the Nervous System , pp. 175-192
    • Rohlmann, A.1    Wolff, J.R.2
  • 53
    • 84944817192 scopus 로고
    • On the regulation of the blood supply of the brain
    • Roy, C. S. & Sherrington, C. S. 1890 On the regulation of the blood supply of the brain. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 11, 80-108.
    • (1890) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.11 , pp. 80-108
    • Roy, C.S.1    Sherrington, C.S.2
  • 54
    • 0003060961 scopus 로고
    • Zur feineren anatomie des grossen seepferdefusses
    • Sala, L. 1891 Zur feineren Anatomie des grossen Seepferdefusses. Zeitschr. Wissenschaftl. Zool. 52, 18-45.
    • (1891) Zeitschr. Wissenschaftl. Zool. , vol.52 , pp. 18-45
    • Sala, L.1
  • 55
    • 0023890868 scopus 로고
    • Lactate-supported synaptic function in the rat hippocampal slice preparation
    • Schurr, A., West, C. A. & Rigor, B. M. 1988 Lactate-supported synaptic function in the rat hippocampal slice preparation. Science 240, 1326-1328.
    • (1988) Science , vol.240 , pp. 1326-1328
    • Schurr, A.1    West, C.A.2    Rigor, B.M.3
  • 56
    • 0032929864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An increase in lactate output by brain tissue serves to meet the energy needs of glutamate-activated neurons
    • Schurr, A., Miller J. J., Payne, R. S. & Rigor, B. M. 1999 An increase in lactate output by brain tissue serves to meet the energy needs of glutamate-activated neurons. J. Neurosci. 19, 34-39.
    • (1999) J. Neurosci. , vol.19 , pp. 34-39
    • Schurr, A.1    Miller, J.J.2    Payne, R.S.3    Rigor, B.M.4
  • 58
    • 0002380063 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between functional activity and energy metabolism in the nervous system: Whether, where and why?
    • (ed. N. A. Iassen, D. H. Ingvar, M. E. Raichle & L. Friberg). Copenhagen: Munksgaard
    • Sokoloff, L. 1991 Relationship between functional activity and energy metabolism in the nervous system: whether, where and why? In Brain work and mental activity (ed. N. A. Iassen, D. H. Ingvar, M. E. Raichle & L. Friberg). p. 52-64. Copenhagen: Munksgaard.
    • (1991) Brain Work and Mental Activity , pp. 52-64
    • Sokoloff, L.1
  • 60
    • 0029073149 scopus 로고
    • Role of sodium and potassium ions in regulation of glucose metabolism in cultured astroglia
    • Takahashi, S., Driscoll, B. F., Law, M. J. & Sokoloff, L. 1995 Role of sodium and potassium ions in regulation of glucose metabolism in cultured astroglia. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 92, 4616-4620.
    • (1995) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.92 , pp. 4616-4620
    • Takahashi, S.1    Driscoll, B.F.2    Law, M.J.3    Sokoloff, L.4
  • 61
    • 0030789514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoradiographic evidence for flow-metabolism uncoupling during stimulation of the nucleus basalis of meynert in the conscious rat
    • Vaucher, E., Borredon, J., Bonvento, G., Seylaz, J. & Lacombe, P. 1997 Autoradiographic evidence for flow-metabolism uncoupling during stimulation of the nucleus basalis of Meynert in the conscious rat. J. Cerebr. Blood-Flow Metab. 17, 686-694.
    • (1997) J. Cerebr. Blood-Flow Metab. , vol.17 , pp. 686-694
    • Vaucher, E.1    Borredon, J.2    Bonvento, G.3    Seylaz, J.4    Lacombe, P.5
  • 62
    • 0029360666 scopus 로고
    • Coupling of brain activity and cerebral blood flow: Basis of functional neuroimaging
    • Villringer, A. & Dirnagl, U. 1995 Coupling of brain activity and cerebral blood flow: basis of functional neuroimaging. Cerebrovasc. Brain Metab. Rev. 7, 240-276.
    • (1995) Cerebrovasc. Brain Metab. Rev. , vol.7 , pp. 240-276
    • Villringer, A.1    Dirnagl, U.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.