Discreteness and interactivity in spoken word production

Psychological Review

Volumn 107, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 460-499

  Rapp, Brenda ^a   Goldrick, Matthew ^b  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BRAIN; CASE REPORT; COGNITION; FEMALE; HUMAN; LANGUAGE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOLOGY; SEMANTICS; SPEECH;

BRAIN; COGNITION; FEMALE; HUMANS; LANGUAGE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SEMANTICS; SPEECH;

EID: 0034220754     PISSN: 0033295X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0033-295X.107.3.460     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. Baars, B. J., Motley, J. T., & MacKay, D. (1975). Output editing for lexical status from artificially elicited slips of the tongue. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 14, 382-391.
2. Battig, W. F., & Montague, W. E. (1969). Category norms of verbal items in 56 categories: A replication and extension of the Connecticut category norms. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 80, 1-46.
3. Best, W. (1996). When racquets are baskets but baskets are biscuits, Where do the words come from? A single case study of formal paraphasic errors in aphasia. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 13, 443-480.
4. Blanken, G. (1998). Lexicalisation in speech production: Evidence from form-related word substitutions in aphasia. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 15, 321-360.
5. Boland, J., & Cutler, A. (1996). Interaction with autonomy: Multiple output models and the inadequacy of the great divide. Cognition, 58, 309-320.
6. Butterworth, B. (1981). Speech errors: Old data in search of new theories. Linguistics, 19, 627-662.
7. Butterworth, B. (1989). Lexical access in speech production. In W. Marslen-Wilson (Ed.), Lexical representation and process (pp. 108-135). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
8. Butterworth, B. (1992). Disorders of phonological encoding. Cognition, 42, 261-286.
9. Caplan, D., Vanier, M., & Baker, C. (1986). A case study of reproduction conduction aphasia: I. Word production. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 3, 99-128.
10. Caramazza, A. (1997). How many levels of processing are there in lexical access? Cognitive Neuropsychology, 14, 177-208.
11. Caramazza, A., & Hillis, A. E. (1990). Where do semantic errors come from? Cortex, 26, 95-122.
12. Caramazza, A., Miceli, G., Villa, G., & Romani, C. (1987). The role of the graphemic buffer in spelling: Evidence from a case of acquired dysgraphia. Cognition, 26, 59-85.
13. Caramazza, A., & Miozzo, M. (1997). The relation between syntactic and phonological knowledge in lexical access: Evidence from the "tip-of-the-tongue" phenomenon. Cognition, 64, 309-343.
14. Cutting, J. C., & Ferreira, V. S. (1999). Semantic and phonological information flow in the production lexicon. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 25, 318-344.
15. Damian, M. F., & Martin, R. C. (1999). Semantic and phonological codes interact in single word production. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 25, 345-361.
16. Dell, G. S. (1985). Positive feedback in hierarchical connectionist models: Applications to language production. Cognitive Science, 9, 3-23.
17. Dell, G. S. (1986). A spreading activation theory of retrieval in sentence production. Psychological Review, 93, 283-321.
18. Dell, G. S. (1988). The retrieval of phonological forms in production: Test of predictions from a connectionist model. Journal of Memory and Language, 27, 124-142.
19. Dell, G. S., & O'Seaghdha, P. G. (1991). Mediated and convergent lexical priming in language production: A comment on Levelt et al. (1991). Psychological Review, 98, 604-614.
20. Dell, G. S., & O'Seaghdha, P. G. (1992). Stages of lexical access in speech production. Cognition, 42, 287-314.
21. Dell, G. S., & Reich, P. A. (1980). Toward a unified model of slips of the tongue. In V. A. Fromkin (Ed.), Errors in linguistic performance (pp. 473-486). New York: Academic Press.
22. Dell, G. S., & Reich, P. A. (1981). Stages in sentence production: An analysis of speech error data. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 20, 611-629.
23. Dell, G. S., Schwartz, M. F., Martin, N., Saffran, E. M., & Gagnon, D. A. (1997). Lexical access in aphasic and nonaphasic speakers. Psychological Review, 104, 801-838.
24. del Viso, S., Igoa, J. M., & Garcia-Albert, J. E. (1991). On the autonomy of phonological encoding: Evidence from slips of the tongue in Spanish. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 20, 161-185.
25. Elman, J. L., & McClelland, J. L. (1988). Cognitive penetration of the mechanisms of perception: Compensation for coarticulation of lexically restored phonemes. Journal of Memory and Language, 27, 143-165.
26. Foygel, D., & Dell, G. (in press). Models of impaired lexical access in speech production. Psychological Review.
27. Gagnon, D. A., Schwartz, M. F., Martin, N., Dell, G. S., & Saffran, E. M. (1997). The origins of formal paraphasias in aphasics' picture naming. Brain and Language, 59, 450-472.
28. Garrett, M. F. (1980). Levels of processing in sentence production. In B. Butterworth (Ed.), Language production (pp. 177-220). New York: Academic Press.
29. Harley, T. A. (1984). A critique of top-down independent levels models of speech production: Evidence from non-plan-internal speech errors. Cognitive Science, 8, 191-219.
30. Harley, T. A. (1993). Phonological activation of semantic competitors during lexical access in speech production. Language and Cognitive Processes, 8, 291-309.
31. Harley, T. A. (1995). Connectionist models of anomia: A comment on Nickels. Language and Cognitive Processes, 10, 47-58.
32. Harley, T. A., & MacAndrew, S. B. G. (1995). Interactive models of lexicalisation: Some constraints from speech error, picture naming, and neuropsychological data. In J. P. Levy, D. Bairaktaris, J. A. Bullinaria, & P. Cairns (Eds.), Connectionist models of memory and language (pp. 311-331). London: UCL Press.
33. Hillis, A. E., & Caramazza, A. (1995). Converging evidence for the interaction of semantic and sublexical phonological information in accessing lexical representations for spoken output. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 12, 187-227.
34. Hillis, A. E., Rapp, B., & Goldrick, M. (1998, June). A pattern of phonological errors in spoken word comprehension and production: Implications for interactive theories of spoken language. Poster presented at the 2nd International Workshop on Neural Modeling of Brain and Cognitive Disorders, College Park, MD.
35. Hillis, A. E., Rapp, B., Romani, C., & Caramazza, A. (1990). Selective impairment of semantics in lexical processing. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 7, 191-243.
36. Hinton, G. E., & Sejnowski, T. (1986). Learning and relearning in Boltzmann machines. In D. E. Rumelhart & J. L. McClelland (Eds.), Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition (Vol. 1, pp. 282-317). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
37. Hinton, G. E., & Shallice, T. (1991). Lesioning an attractor network: Investigations of acquired dyslexia. Psychological Review, 98, 74-95.
38. Humphreys, G., Riddoch, M. J., & Quinlan, P. T. (1988). Cascade processes in picture identification. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 5, 67-104.
39. Johnston, J. C. (1978). A test of the sophisticated guessing theory of word perception. Cognitive Psychology, 10, 123-153.
40. Kempen, G., & Huijbers, P. (1983). The lexicalization process in sentence production and naming: Indirect election of words. Cognition, 14, 185-209.
41. Krauth, J. (1988). Distribution-free statistics: An application-oriented approach. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
42. Laine, M., & Martin, N. (1996). Lexical retrieval deficit in picture naming: Implications for word production models. Brain and Language, 53, 283-314.
43. Levelt, W. J. M. (1983). Monitoring and self-repair in speech. Cognition, 14, 41-104.
44. Levelt, W. J. M. (1989). Speaking: From intention to articulation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
45. Levelt, W. J. M. (1992). Accessing words in speech production: Stages, processes and representations. Cognition, 42, 1-22.
46. Levelt, W. J. M., Roelofs, A., & Meyers, A. S. (1999). A theory of lexical access in speech production. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 1-75.
47. Levelt, W. J. M., Schriefers, H., Vorberg, D., Meyer, A. S., Pechmann, T., & Havinga, J. (1991a). The time course of lexical access in speech production: A study of picture naming. Psychological Review, 98, 122-142.
48. Levelt, W. J. M., Schriefers, H., Vorberg, D., Meyer, A. S., Pechmann, T., & Havinga, J. (1991b). Normal and deviant lexical processing: Reply to Dell and O'Seaghdha (1991). Psychological Review, 98, 615-618.
49. MacKay, D. G. (1987). The organization of perception and action: A theory for language and other cognitive skills. New York: Springer-Verlag.
50. Marr, D. (1982). Vision. New York: Freeman.
51. Martin, N., Dell, G. S., Saffran, E. M., & Schwartz, M. F. (1994). Origins of paraphasias in deep dysphasia: Testing the consequences of a decay impairment to an interactive spreading activation model of lexical retrieval. Brain and Language, 47, 609-660.
52. Martin, N., Gagnon, D. A., Schwartz, M. F., Dell, G. S., & Saffran, E. M. (1996). Phonological facilitation of semantic errors in normal and aphasic speakers. Language and Cognitive Processes, 11, 257-282.
53. Martin, N., & Saffran, E. M. (1992). A computational account of deep dysphasia: Evidence from a single case study. Brain and Language, 43, 240-274.
54. Martin, N., Weisberg, R. W., & Saffran, E. M. (1989). Variables influencing the occurrence of naming errors: Implications for models of lexical retrieval. Journal of Memory and Language, 28, 462-485.
55. Massaro, D. W., & Cohen, M. M. (1991). Integration versus interactive activation: The joint influence of stimulus and context in perception. Cognitive Psychology, 23, 558-614.
56. McClelland, J. L., & Rumelhart, D. E. (1981). An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: I. An account of basic findings. Psychological Review, 88, 375-407.
57. McClelland, J. L., Rumelhart, D. E., & Hinton, G. E. (1986). The appeal of parallel distributed processing. In D. E. Rumelhart & J. L. McClelland (Eds.), Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition (Vol. 1, pp. 3-44). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
58. Miozzo, M., & Caramazza, A. (1997). Retrieval of lexical-syntactic features in tip-of-the-tongue states. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23, 1410-1423.
59. Nickels, L. (1992). The autocue? Self-generated phonemic cues in the treatment of a disorder of reading and naming. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 9, 155-182.
60. Nickels, L. (1995). Getting it right? Using aphasic naming errors to evaluate theoretical models of spoken word recognition. Language and Cognitive Processes, 10, 13-45.
61. Paap, K. R., Newsome, S. L., McDonald, J. E., & Schvaneveldt, R. W. (1982). An activation verification model for letter and word recognition: The word superiority effect. Psychological Review, 89, 573-594.
62. Peterson, R. R., & Savoy, P. (1998). Lexical selection and phonological encoding during language production: Evidence for cascaded processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 24, 539-557.
63. Plaut, D. C., & Shallice, T. (1993a). Deep dyslexia: A case study of connectionist neuropsychology. Cognitve Neuropsychology, 10, 377-500.
64. Plaut, D. C., & Shallice, T. (1993b). Perseverative and semantic influences on visual object naming in optic aphasia: A connectionist account. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 5, 89-117.
65. Prince, A., & Smolensky, P. (in press). Optimality theory: Constraint interaction in generative grammar. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
66. Rapp, B., Benzing, L., & Caramazza, A. (1997). The autonomy of lexical orthography. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 14, 71-104.
67. Rapp, B., & Caramazza, A. (1998). A case of selective difficulty in writing verbs. Neurocase, 4, 127-140.
68. Reicher, G. M. (1969). Perceptual recognition as a function of meaningfulness of stimulus material. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 81, 275-280.
69. Roelofs, A. (1992). A spreading-activation theory of lemma retrieval in speaking. Cognition, 42, 107-142.
70. Roelofs, A. (1997). The WEAVER model of word-form encoding in speech production. Cognition, 64, 249-284.
71. Roelofs, A., Meyer, A. S., & Levelt, W. J. M. (1996). Interaction between semantic and orthographic factors in conceptually driven naming: Comment on Starreveld and La Heij (1995). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22, 246-251.
72. Rumelhart, D. E., & McClelland, J. L. (1982). An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: II. The contextual enhancement effect and some tests and extensions of the model. Psychological Review, 89, 60-94.
73. Ruml, W., & Caramazza, A. (2000). An evaluation of a computational model of lexical access: Comment on Dell et al. (1997). Psychological Review, 107, 609-634.
74. Ruml, W., Caramazza, A., Shelton, J., & Chialant, D. (in press). Testing assumptions in computational theories of aphasia. Journal of Memory and Language.
75. Samuel, A. G. (1997). Lexical activation produces potent phonemic percepts. Cognitive Psychology, 32, 97-127.
76. Schriefers, H., Meyer, A. S., & Levelt, W. J. M. (1990). Exploring the time course of lexical access in production: Picture-word interference studies. Journal of Memory and Language, 29, 86-102.
77. Schwartz, M. F., Saffran, E. M., Bloch, D. E., & Dell, G. S. (1994). Disordered speech production in aphasic and normal speakers. Brain and Language, 47, 52-88.
78. Shallice, T., & McGill, J. (1978). The origins of mixed errors. In J. Requin (Ed.), Attention and performance VII (pp. 193-208). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
79. Smolensky, P. (1986). Information processing in dynamical systems: Foundations of harmony theory. In D. E. Rumelhart & J. L. McClelland (Eds.), Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition (Vol. 1. pp. 194-281). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
80. Snodgrass, J. G., & Vanderwart, M. A. (1980). A standardized set of 260 pictures: Norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6, 174-215.
81. Starreveld, P. A., & La Heij, W. (1995). Semantic interference, orthographic facilitation, and their interaction in naming tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 686-698.
82. Starreveld, P. A., & La Heij, W. (1996). Time-course analysis of semantic and orthographic context effects in picture naming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22, 869-918.
83. Stemberger, J. P. (1983). Inflectional malapropisms: Form based errors in English morphology. Linguistics, 21, 573-602.
84. Stemberger, J. P. (1985). An interactive activation model of language production. In A. W. Ellis (Ed.), Progress in the psychology of language (Vol. 1, pp. 143-186). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
85. Van Orden, G. C., de Haar, M. A., & Bosman, A. M. T. (1997). Complex dynamic systems also predict dissociations, but they do not reduce to autonomous components. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 14, 131-165.
86. Wheeler, D. D. (1970). Processes in word recognition. Cognitive Psychology, 1, 59-85.
87. White, E. L. (1989). Cortical circuits: Synaptic organization of the cerebral cortex - Structure, function and theory. Boston: Birkhauser.