Oxidative pulmonary stress under cytoreductive therapy;Oxidativer pulmonaler Stress unter zytoreduktiver Therapie

Pneumologie

Volumn 54, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 201-211

  Beinert, T ^a   Binder, D ^a   Stuschke, M ^a   Oehm, C ^b   Jorres R A ^c   Schweigert, M ^a   Seemann, M ^f   Mergenthaler, H G ^d   Behr, J ^e   Fleischhacker, M ^a   Possinger, K ^a  

^a CHARITÉ UNIVERSITÄTSMEDIZIN BERLIN   (Germany)

^b Johanniter Krankenhaus   (Germany)

^c KRANKENHAUS GROSSHANSDORF   (Germany)

^d KATHARINENHOSPITAL   (Germany)

^e LUDWIG MAXIMILIANS UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^f UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ANTIOXIDANT; ASCORBIC ACID; BLEOMYCIN; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYTOKINE; IFOSFAMIDE; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; SUPEROXIDE;

CLINICAL FEATURE; HUMAN; LUNG DISEASE; LUNG FIBROSIS; LUNG TOXICITY; MULTIMODALITY CANCER THERAPY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PNEUMONIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SOLID TUMOR;

EID: 0034070469     PISSN: 09348387     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-9086     Document Type: Review

References (130)

1. 1 Jeremic B, Shibamoto Y, Acimovic L, Milisavljevic S. Hyperfractionated radiation therapy with or without concurrent low-dose daily carboplatin etoposide for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer. A randomized study. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14: 1065-1070
2. 2 Komaki R, Scott CB, Sause WT. Induction cisplatin/vinblastine and irridation vs. irridation in unresectable squamous cell lung cancer: failure patterns by cell type in RTOG 88-08/EGOG 4588. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997; 39: 537-544
3. 3 Segawa Y, Takigawa N, Kataoka M, Takata I, Fujimoto N, Ueoka H. Risk factors for development of radiation pneumonitis following radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy for lung cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997; 39: 91-98
4. 4 Svane G, Rotstein S, Lax I. Influence of radiation therapy on lung tissue in breast cancer patients-CT-assessed density changes 4 years after completion of radiotherapy. Acta Oncol 1995; 34: 845-849
5. 5 Theuws JCM, Kwa SLS, Waagenar AC. Dose effect relations for early local pulmonary injury after irridation for malignant lymphoma and breast cancer. Radiother Oncol 1998; 48: 33-43
6. 6 Einhorn L, Krause M, Hornback N. Enhanced pulmonary toxicity with bleomycin and radiotherapy in oat cell lung cancer. Cancer 1976; 37: 2414-2416
7. 7 Ma LD, Taylor GA, Wharam MD, Wiley JM. "Recall" pneumonitis: adriamycin potentiation of radiation pneumonitis in two children. Radiology 1993; 187: 465-467
8. 8 Trask C, Joannides T, Harper P. Radiation-induced lung fibrosis after treatment of small cell carcinoma of the lung with very high-dose cyclophosphamide. Cancer 1985; 55: 57-60
9. 9 Halliwell B. Reactive oxygen species in living systems: source, biochemistry, and role in human disease. Am J Med 1991; 91 (Suppl 3C): 14S-22S
10. 10 Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC, Cross CE. Free radicals, antioxidants, and human disease: where are we now. J Lab Clin Med 1992; 119: 598-620
11. 11 Janssen YMW, Van Houten B, Borm PJA, Mossman BT. Cell and tissue response to oxidative damage. Lab Invest 1993; 69: 261-274
12. 12 Poli G, Parola M. Oxidative damage and fibrogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med 1997; 22: 287-305
13. 13 Rochester CL, Elias JA. Cytokines and cytokine networking in the pathogenesis of interstitial and fibrotic lung disorders. Sem Resp Med 1993; 14: 389-416
14. 14 Gutteridge JMC, Mumby S, Quinlan GJ, Chung KF. Pro-oxidant iron is present in human pulmonary epithelial lining fluid: implications for oxidative stress in the lung. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 220: 1024-1027
15. 15 Zweier JL, Duke SS, Kuppusamy P, Sylvester JT, Gabrielson EW. Electron paramagnetic resonance evidence that cellular oxyen toxicity is caused by the generation of Superoxide and hydroxyl free radicals. FEBS-Lett 1989; 252: 12-16
16. 16 Gross NJ. Pulmonary effects of radiation therapy. Ann Int Med 1977; 86: 81-92
17. 17 Malik SW, Myers JL, DeRemee RA, Specks U. Lung toxicity associated with cyclophosphamide use - two distinct patterns. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154: 1851-1856
18. 18 Padley S, Adler B, Hansell D, Müller N. High-resolution computed tomography of drug-induced lung disease. Clin Radiol 1992; 46: 232-236
19. 19 Abratt RP, Willcox PA. The effect of irradiation on lung function and perfusion in patients with lung cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1995; 31: 915-919
20. 20 Marks LB, Munley MT, Bentel GC. Physical and biological predictors of changes in whole-lung function following thoracic irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997; 39: 563-570
21. 21 Maasilta P, Hallman M, Taskinen E, Kivisaari L, Mattson K. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid findings following radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1993; 26: 117-123
22. 22 White DA, Kris MG, Stover DE. Bronchoalveolar lavage cell population in bleomycin lung toxicity. Thorax 1987; 42: 551-552
23. 23 Cooper JAD, White DA, Matthay RA. Drug-induced pulmonary disease, part 1: cytotoxic drugs. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986; 133: 321-340
24. 24 Koh DW, Castro M. Pulmonary Toxicity of Chemotherapeutic Drugs. In: Perry, MC. The Chemotherapy Sourcebook. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins. 1996: 665-695
25. 25 Lind PARM, Gagliardi G, Wennberg B, Fornander T. A descriptive study of pulmonary complications after postoperative radiation therapy in node-positive stage II breast cancer. Acta Oncol 1997; 36: 509-515
26. 26 Lingos TI, Recht A, Vicini F, Abner A, Silver B, Harris JR. Radiation pneumonitis in breast cancer patients treated with conservative surgery and radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1991; 21: 355-360
27. 27 Monson JM, Stark P, Reilly JJ. Clinical radiation pneumonitis and radiographic changes after thoracic radiation therapy for lung carcinoma. Cancer 1998; 82: 842-850
28. 28 Castro M, Veeder MH, Mailliard JA, Tazelaar HD, Jett JR. A prospective study of pulmonary function in patients receiving mitomycin. Chest 1996; 109: 939-944
29. 29 Pavlakis N, Bell DR, Millward MJ, Levi JA. Fatal pulmonary toxicity resulting from treatment with gemcitabine. Cancer 1997; 80: 286-291
30. 30 Simpson AB, Paul J, Graham J, Kaye SB. Fatal bleomycin pulmonary toxicity in the west of Scotland 1991-95: a review of patients with germ cell tumours. Br J Cancer 1998; 78: 1061-1066
31. 31 Morgan GW, Breit SN. Radiation and the lung: a reevaluation of the mechanisms mediating pulmonary injury. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1995; 31: 361-369
32. 32 Gibson PG, Bryant DH, Morgan GW. Radiation-induced lung injury: a hypersensitivity pneumonitis?. Ann Int Med 1988; 109: 288-291
33. 33 Vujaskovic Z, Down JD, van t'Veld AA. Radiological and functional assessment of radiation-induced lung injury in the rat. Exp Lung Res 1998; 24: 137-148
34. 34 Schnabel A, Richter C, Bauerfeind S, Gross WL. Bronchoalveolar lavage cell profile in methotrexate induced pneumonitis. Thorax 1997; 52: 377-379
35. 35 Mark GJ, Lehimgar-Zadeh A, Ragsdale BD. Cyclophosphamide pneumonitis. Thorax 1978; 33: 89-94
36. 36 Tucker AS, Newman AJ, Alvorado C. Pulmonary pleural and thoracic changes complicating chemotherapy. Radiology 1977; 125: 805
37. 37 Crouch E. Pathobiology of pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 1990; 259: L159-L184
38. 38 Reed CR, Glauser FL. Drug-induced noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Chest 1991; 100: 1120-1124
39. 39 Beinert T, Binder D, Oehm C. Increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with bronchial carcinoma-effect of tumour activity and oxidative stress due to radio-chemotherapy? Eur J Med Res 1999; 4: 328-334
40. 40 Rubin P, Johnston CJ, Williams JP, McDonald S, Finkelstein JN. A perpetual cascade of cytokines postirradiation leads to pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1995; 33: 99-109
41. 41 Sage H, Farin FM, Striker GE, Fisher AB. Granular pneumocytes in primary culture secrete several major components of the extracellular matrix. Biochemistry 1983; 22: 2148-2155
42. 42 Vergara JA, Raymond U, Thet LA. Changes in lung morphology and cell number in radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis: a quantitative ultrastructural study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1987; 13: 723-732
43. 43 Hunninghake GW, Gadek JE, Kawanami O, Ferrans VJ, Crystal RG. Inflammatory and immune processes in the human lung in health and disease: Evaluation by bronchoalveolar lavage. Am J Pathol 1979; 97: 149-206
44. 44 Geara FB, Komaki R, Tucker SL, Travis EL, Cox JD. Factors influencing the development of lung fibrosis after chemoradiation for small cell carcinoma of the lung: Evidence for inherent interindividual variation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998; 41: 279-286
45. 45 Johnston CJ, Stripp BR, Piedbeouf B. Inflammatory and epithelial responses in mouse strains that differ in sensitivity to hyperoxic injury. Exp Lung Res 1998; 24: 189-202
46. 46 Barquinero JF, Barrois L, Caballin MR. Occupational exposure to radiation induces an adaptive response in human lymphocytes. Int J Radiat Biol 1995; 67: 187-191
47. 47 Youngblom JH, Wiencke JK, Wolff S. Inhibition of the adaptive response of human lymphocytes to very low doses of ionizing radiation by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Mutat Res 1989; 227: 257-261
48. 48 Cohen DS, Palmer E, Welch WJ, Sheppard D. The response of guinea pig airway epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages to environmental stress. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1991; 5: 133-143
49. 49 Deitch EA, Beck SC, Cruz NC, De Maio A. Induction of heat shock gene expression in colonic epithelial cells after incubation with Escherichia coli or endotoxin. Crit Care Med 1995; 23: 1371-1376
50. 50 Javadpour M, Kelly CJ, Chen G, Stokes K, Leahy A, Bouchier-Hayes DJ. Thermotolerance induces heat shock protein 72 expression and protects against ischaemia-reperfusion-induced lung injury. Br J Surg 1998; 85: 943-946
51. 51 Jornot L, Mirault ME, Junod AF. Differential expression of hsp70 stress points in human endothelial cells exposed to heat shock and hydrogen peroxide. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1991; 5: 265-275
52. 52 Polla BS, Kantengwa S, Francois D. Mitochondria are selective targets for the protective effects of heat shock against oxidative injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 6458-6463
53. 53 Ikushima T, Aritomi H, Morisita J. Radioadaptive response: efficient repair or radiation-induced DNA damage in adapted cells. Mutat Res Fundam Mol Mech Mutagen 1996; 358: 193-198
54. 54 Ho YS, Dey MS, Crapo JD. Antioxidant enzyme expression in rat lungs during hyperoxia. Am J Physiol 1996; 270: L810-L818
55. 55 Preville X, Salvemini F, Giraud S. Mammalian small stress proteins protect against oxidative stress through their ability to increase glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and by maintaining optimal cellular detoxifying machinery. Exp Cell Res 1999; 247: 61-78
56. 56 Gorman AM, Heavey B, Creagh E, Cotter TG, Samali A. Antioxidant-mediated inhibition of the heat shock response leads to apoptosis. FEBS-Lett 1999; 445: 98-102
57. 57 Park YM, Han MY, Blackburn RV, Lee YL. Overexpression of HSP25 reduces the level of TNFalpha-induced oxidative damage biomarker, 8-hydroxy-2′deoxyguanosine, in L929 cells. J Cell Physiol 1998; 174: 27-34
58. 58 Wong HR, Menendez IY, Ryan MA, Denenberg AG, Wispe JR. Increased expression of heat shock protein-70 protects A549 cells against hyperoxia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 1998; 275: L836-L841
59. 59 Satoh M, Hirayoshi K, Yokota SI, Hosokawa N, Nagata K. Intracellular interaction of collagen-specific stress protein HSP47 with newly synthesized procollagen. J Cell Biol 1996; 133: 469-483
60. 60 Nagata K, Saga S, Yamada KM. A major collagen-binding protein of chick embryo fibroblasts is a novel heat shock protein. J Cell Biol 1986; 103: 223-229
61. 61 Razzaque MS, Hossain MA, Kohno S, Taguchi T. Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rat is associated with increased expression of collagen-binding heat shock protein (HSP) 47. Virchows Arch 1998; 432: 455-460
62. 62 Sunamoto M, Kuze K, Tsuji H. Antisense oligonucleotides against collagen-binding stress protein HSP47 suppress collagen accumulation in experimental glomerulonephritis. Lab Invest 1998; 78: 967-972
63. 63 Bonay M, Soler P, Riquet M, Battesti JP, Hance AJ, Tazi A. Expression of heat shock proteins in human lung and lung cancer. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1994; 10: 453-461
64. 64 Spitz DR, Dewey WC, Li GC. Hydrogen peroxide or heat shock induces resistance to hydrogen peroxide in Chinese hamster fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol 1987; 131: 364-373
65. 65 Wong HR, Mannix RJ, Rusnak JM. The heat shock response attenuates lipopolysaccaride-mediated apoptosis in cultured sheep pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1996; 15: 745-751
66. 66 Hamilton RFJ, Hazbun ME, Jumper CA, Eschenbacher WL, Holian A. 4-hydroxynonenal mimics ozone-induced modulation of macrophage function ex vivo. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1996; 15: 275-282
67. 67 Kindas-Mugge I, Pohl WR, Zavadova E. Alveolar macrophages of patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome express high levels of heat shock protein 72 mRNA. Shock 1996; 5: 184-189
68. 68 Vignola AM, Chanez P, Polla BS, Vic P, Godard P, Bousquet J. Increased expression of heat shock protein 70 on airway cells in asthma and chronic bronchitis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1995; 13: 683-691
69. 69 Thrall RS, Barton RW, D'Amato DA, Sulavik SB. Differential cellular analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained at various stages during the development of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in the rat. Am Rev Respir Dis 1982; 126: 488-492
70. 70 Travis EL, Harley RA, Fenn JO, Klobukowski CJ, Hargrove HB. Pathologic changes in the lung following single and multifraction irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1977; 2: 475-490
71. 71 Ward HE, Kemsley L, Davies L, Holecek M, Berend N. The pulmonary response to sublethal thoracic irradiation in the rat. Radiat Res 1993; 136: 15-21
72. 72 Aso Y, Yoneda K, Kikkawa Y. Morphological and biochemical study of pulmonary changes induced by bleomycin in mice. Lab Invest 1976; 35: 558-568
73. 73 Jones AW, Reeve NL. Ultrastructural study of bleomycin-induced pulmonary changes in mice. J Pathol 1978; 124: 227-233
74. 74 Guerry-Force ML, Perkett EA, Brigham KL, Meyrick B. Early structural changes in sheep lung following thoracic irradiation. Radiat Res 1988; 114: 138-153
75. 75 Barnett D. Preclinical toxicology of ifosfamide. Semin Oncol 1982; 9 (Suppl 1): 8-13
76. 76 Fahey PJ, Utell MJ, Mayewski RJ, Wandtke JD, Hyde RW. Early diagnosis of bleomycin pulmonary toxicity using bronchoalveolar lavage in dogs. Am Rev Respir Dis 1982; 126: 126-130
77. 77 Hay J, Shahzeide S, Laurent G. Mechanisms of bleomycin-induced lung damage. Arch Toxicol 1991; 65: 81-94
78. 78 Kanofsky JR. Singlet oxygen production by bleomycin. J Biol Chem 1986; 261: 13546-13550
79. 79 Slosman DO, Costabella PM, Roth M, Werlen G, Polla BS. Bleomycin primes monocytes-macrophages for superoxide production. Eur Respir J 1990; 3: 772-778
80. 80 Scheule RK, Perkins RC, Hamilton R, Holian A. Bleomycin stimulation of cytokine secretion by the human alveolar macrophage. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 1992; 262: L386-L391
81. 81 Colvin M. The comparative pharmacology of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide. Semin Oncol 1982; 9 (Suppl. 1): 2-7
82. 82 Gurtoo HL, Hipkens JH, Sharma SD. Role of glutathione in the metabolism-dependent toxicity and chemotherapy of cyclophosphamide. Cancer Res 1981; 41: 3584-3591
83. 83 Patel JM, Block ER. Cyclophosphamide-induced depression of the antioxidant defense machanisms of the lung. Exp Lung Res 1985; 8: 153-165
84. 84 Issels RD, Meier TH, Müller E, Multhoff G, Wilmanns W. Ifosfamide induced stress response in human lymphocytes. Molec Aspects Med 1993; 14: 281-286
85. 85 Sinha BK, Politi PM. Anthracyclines. Cancer Chemoth Biol Modif 1990; 11: 45-57
86. 86 Gianni L, Vigano Lanzi L, Niggellar M, Malatesta V. Role of daunosamine and hydroxyacetyl side chain in reaction with iron and lipid peroxidation by anthracyclines. J Natl Cancer Inst 1988; 80: 1104-1111
87. 87 Gille L, Nohl H. Analyses of the molecular mechanism of adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity. Free Radic Biol Med 1997; 23: 775-782
88. 88 Krishna MC, DeGraff W, Tamura S. Mechanisms of hypoxic and aerobic cytotoxicity of mitomycin C in chinese hamster V79 cells. Cancer Res 1991; 51: 6622-6628
89. 89 Murrell GAC, Francis MJO, Bromley L. Modulation of fibroblast proliferation by oxygen free radicals. Biochem J 1990; 265: 659-665
90. 90 Fuks Z, Persaud RS, Alfieri A. Basic fibroblast growth factor protects endothelial cells against radiation-induced programmed cell death in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 2582-2590
91. 91 Cochrane CG. Mechanisms of oxidant injury of cells. Molec Aspects Med 1991; 12: 137-147
92. 92 Lelli JL, Becks LL, Dabrowska MI, Hinshaw DB. ATP converts necrosis to apoptosis in oxidant-injured endothelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 1998; 25: 694-702
93. 93 Roitt IM, Brostoff J, Male DK. Kurzes Lehrbuch der Immunologie. Stuttgart, New York: Georg Thieme Verlag, 1991: 79-114
94. 94 Elias JA, Schreiber AD, Gustilo K. Differential interleukin-1 elaboration by unfractionated and density fractionated human alveolar macrophages and blood monocytes: relationship to cell maturity. J Immunol 1985; 135: 2198-2204
95. 95 Weswers MD, Herzyk DJ. Alveolar macrophages differ from blood monocytes in human IL-1 beta release. Quantitation by enzyme-linked immunoassay. J Immunol 1989; 143: 1635-1641
96. 96 O'Brien-Ladner A, Nelson ME, Kimler BF, Wesselius LJ. Release of interleukin-1 by human alveolar macrophages after in vitro irradiation. Radiat Res 1993; 136: 37-41
97. 97 Parola M, Pinzani M, Casini A. Stimulation of lipid peroxidation or 4-hydroxynonenal treatment increases procollagen alpha (I) gene expression and synthesis in human liver fat storing cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993; 194: 1044-1050
98. 98 Curzio M. Interaction between neutrophils and 4-hydroxyalkenals and consequences on neutrophil motility. Free Radic Res Commun 1988; 5: 55-66
99. 99 Curzio M, Esterbauer H, Dianzani MU. Chemotactic acitivty of hydroxyalkenals on rat neutrophils. Int J Tissue React 1985; 7: 137-142
100. 100 Schreck R, Rieber P, Baeuerle PA. Reactive oxygen intermediates as apparently widely used messengers in the acitvation of NF-kappa B transcription factor and HIV-1. EMBO Journal 1991; 10: 2247-2258
101. 101 Datta R, Hallahan DE, Kharbanda SM. Involvement of reactive oxygen intermediates in the induction of c-jun gene transcription by ionising radiation. Biochemistry 1992; 31: 8300-8306
102. 102 Tischer E, Mitchell R, Hartman T. The human gene for vascular endothelial growth factor. Multiple protein forms are encoded through alternative exon splicing. J Biol Chem 1991; 266: 11947-11954
103. 103 Messer G, Weiss EH, Baeuerle PA. Tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-beta) induces binding to the NF-kappa B transcription factor to a high-affinity kappa B element in the TNF-beta promoter. Cytokine 1990; 2: 1-9
104. 104 Libermann TA, Baltimore D. Acitvation of the interleukin-6 gene expression through the NF-kappa B transcription factor. Mol Cell Biol 1990; 10: 2327-2334
105. 105 Kim SJ, Dehnez F, Kim KY, Holt JT, Sporn MB, Roberts AB. Acitvation of the second promoter of the transforming growth factor-beta1 gene by transforming growth factor-beta1 and phorbol ester occurs through the same target sequences. J Biol Chem 1989; 264: 19373-19378
106. 106 Lin X, Wang Z, Gu L, Deuel TF. Functional analysis of the human platelet-derived growth factor A-chain promoter region. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 25614-25619
107. 107 Bonizzi G, Dejardin E, Piret B, Piette J, Merville MP, Bours V. Interleukin-1 induces nuclear factor kappaB in epithelial cells independently of the production of reactive oxygen intermediates. Eur J Biochem 1996; 242: 544-549
108. 108 Duckett CS, Perkins ND, Leung K, Agranoff AB, Nabel GJ. Cytokine induction of nuclear factor kappaB in cycling and growth-arrested cells. Evidence for cell cycle-independent activation. J Biol Chem 1995; 270: 18836-18840
109. 109 Staal FJJ, Roederer M, Herzenberg LA. Intracellular thiols regulate the activation of nuclear factor Kappa B and transcription of human immunodeficiency virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87: 9943-9949
110. 110 Burdon RH. Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in relation to mammalian cell proliferation. Free Radic Biol Med 1995; 18: 775-794
111. 111 Babior BM. Oxygen-dependent microbial killing by phagocytes. N Engl J Med 1978; 298: 659-668
112. 112 Weiss SS. Tissue destruction by neutrophils. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 365-376
113. 113 Behr J. Interstitielle Lungenerkrankungen und Oxidanzienbelastung. Pathogenetisches Bindeglied zwischen Alveolitis und Fibroblastenstimulation. Fortschr Med 1998; 116: 41-42
114. 114 Fox RB, Hoidal JR, Brown DM, Repine JE. Pulmonary inflammation due to oxygen toxicity: involvement of chemotactic factors and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Am Rev Respir Dis 1981; 123: 521-523
115. 115 Biemond P, Van Eijk HG, Swaak AJG, Koster JF. Iron mobilization from ferritin by Superoxide derived from stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes: Possible mechanisms in inflammation disease. J Clin Invest 1984; 73: 1576-1579
116. 116 Gutteridge JMC. Iron promoters of the Fenton reaction and lipid peroxidation can be released from haemoglobin by peroxides. FEBS-Lett 1986; 201: 291-295
117. 117 Gorbunov NV, Elsayed NM, Kisin ER, Kozlov AV, Kagan VE. Air blast-induced pulmonary oxidativ stress: Interplay among hemoglobin, antioxidants, and lipid peroxidation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 1997; 272: L320-L334
118. 118 Prober JS, Bevilacqua MP, Mendrick DC, Lapierre LA, Fiers W, Gimbrone J. Two distinct monokines, interleukin 1 and tumour necrosis factor, each independently induce biosynthesis and transient expression of the same antigen on the surface of cultured human vascular endothelial cells. J Immunol 1986; 136: 1680-1687
119. 119 Meier B, Radeke HH, Selle S. Human fibroblasts release active oxygen species in response to interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor. Biochem J 1989; 263: 539-545
120. 120 Friedl HP, Till GO, Ryan US, Ward PA. Mediator-induced activation of xanthine oxidase in endothelial cells. FASEB J 1989; 3: 2512-2518
121. 121 Phan SH, Gannon DE, Varani J, Ryan US, Ward PA. Xanthine oxidase acticity in rat pulmonary artery endothelial cells and its alterations by activated neutrophils. Am J Pathol 1989; 134: 1201-1211
122. 122 Halliwell B. Antioxidants and human disease: a general introduction. Nutr Rev 1997; 55: 44-49
123. 123 Unemori EN, Bouhana KS, Werb Z. Vectorial secretion of extracellular matrix proteins, matrix-degrading proteinases, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase by endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 1990; 265: 445-451
124. 124 Elias JA, Zitnik R, Ray P. Fibroblast immune-effector function. In: Phipps, R. Pulmonary fibroblast heterogeneity. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1992. 295-322
125. 125 Burdon RH, Rice-Evans C. Free radicals and the regulation of mammalian cell proliferation. Free Radic Res Commun 1989; 6: 345-358
126. 126 Travis EL, Down JD. Repair in mouse lung after split doses of X rays. Radiat Res 1981; 87: 166-174
127. 127 Franko AJ, Sharplin J. Development of fibrosis after lung irridation in relation to inflammation and lung function in a mouse strain prone to fibrosis. Radiat Res 1994; 140: 347-355
128. 128 Rubin P, Finkelstein J, Shapiro D. Molecular biology mechanisms in the radiation induction of pulmonary injury syndromes: interrelationship between the alveolar macrophage and the septal fibroblast. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1992; 24: 93-101
129. 129 Piguet PF, Kaufman S, Barazzone C, Muller M, Ryffel B, Eugster HP. Resistance of TNF/LT alpha double deficient mice to bleomycin-induced fibrosis. Int J Exp Pathol 1997; 78: 43-48
130. 130 Thrall RS, Vogel SN, Evans R, Shultz LD. Role of tumor necrosis factor-α in the spontenaeous development of pulmonary fibrosis in viable motheaten mutant mice. Am J Pathol 1997; 151: 1303-1310