메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 1-24

The etiology of female breast cancer

Author keywords

Breast neoplasms; Epidemiology; Etiology

Indexed keywords

ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; TAMOXIFEN;

EID: 0034046613     PISSN: 10117571     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000026115     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (2)

References (94)
  • 3
    • 0027227922 scopus 로고
    • Benign breast diseases, carcinoma in situ, and breast cancer risk
    • Bodian CA: Benign breast diseases, carcinoma in situ, and breast cancer risk. Epidemiol Rev 1993;15:177-187.
    • (1993) Epidemiol Rev , vol.15 , pp. 177-187
    • Bodian, C.A.1
  • 4
    • 0020328219 scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of the mammary gland and susceptibility to carcinogenesis
    • Russo J, Tay LK, Russo IH: Differentiation of the mammary gland and susceptibility to carcinogenesis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1982;2:5-73.
    • (1982) Breast Cancer Res Treat , vol.2 , pp. 5-73
    • Russo, J.1    Tay, L.K.2    Russo, I.H.3
  • 5
    • 0023395635 scopus 로고
    • Biological and molecular bases of mammary carcinogenesis
    • Russo J, Russo IH: Biological and molecular bases of mammary carcinogenesis. Lab Invest 1987;57:112-137.
    • (1987) Lab Invest , vol.57 , pp. 112-137
    • Russo, J.1    Russo, I.H.2
  • 6
    • 0021213123 scopus 로고
    • Dietary fat versus caloric content in initiation and promotion of 7,12-dimthylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis in rats
    • Kritchevsky D, Weber MM, Klurfeld DM: Dietary fat versus caloric content in initiation and promotion of 7,12-dimthylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis in rats. Cancer Res 1984;44:3174-3177.
    • (1984) Cancer Res , vol.44 , pp. 3174-3177
    • Kritchevsky, D.1    Weber, M.M.2    Klurfeld, D.M.3
  • 7
    • 0023227110 scopus 로고
    • Total calories, body weight, and tumor incidence in mice
    • Albanes D: Total calories, body weight, and tumor incidence in mice. Cancer Res 1987;47:1987-1992.
    • (1987) Cancer Res , vol.47 , pp. 1987-1992
    • Albanes, D.1
  • 8
    • 0027304028 scopus 로고
    • Estrogens, progestogens, normal breast cell proliferation, and breast cancer risk
    • Pike MC, Spicer DV, Dahmoush L, Press MF: Estrogens, progestogens, normal breast cell proliferation, and breast cancer risk. Epidemiol Rev 1993;15:17-35.
    • (1993) Epidemiol Rev , vol.15 , pp. 17-35
    • Pike, M.C.1    Spicer, D.V.2    Dahmoush, L.3    Press, M.F.4
  • 9
    • 0027257237 scopus 로고
    • Breast cancer: Magnitude of the problem and descriptive epidemiology
    • Kelsey JL, Horn-Ross PL: Breast cancer: Magnitude of the problem and descriptive epidemiology. Epidemiol Rev 1993;15:7-16.
    • (1993) Epidemiol Rev , vol.15 , pp. 7-16
    • Kelsey, J.L.1    Horn-Ross, P.L.2
  • 11
    • 0016159385 scopus 로고
    • The effect of year of birth on the breast cancer age-incidence curve in Iceland
    • Bjarnason O, Day N, Snaedal G, Tulinius H: The effect of year of birth on the breast cancer age-incidence curve in Iceland. Int J Cancer 1974; 13:689-696.
    • (1974) Int J Cancer , vol.13 , pp. 689-696
    • Bjarnason, O.1    Day, N.2    Snaedal, G.3    Tulinius, H.4
  • 14
    • 0027281842 scopus 로고
    • Radiation and other environmental exposures and breast cancer
    • John EM, Kelsey JL: Radiation and other environmental exposures and breast cancer. Epidemiol Rev 1993; 15:157-162.
    • (1993) Epidemiol Rev , vol.15 , pp. 157-162
    • John, E.M.1    Kelsey, J.L.2
  • 15
    • 0027182529 scopus 로고
    • Endogenous hormones and breast cancer risk
    • Bernstein L, Ross RK: Endogenous hormones and breast cancer risk. Epidemiol Rev 1993;15:48-65.
    • (1993) Epidemiol Rev , vol.15 , pp. 48-65
    • Bernstein, L.1    Ross, R.K.2
  • 16
    • 0025214007 scopus 로고
    • Hypothesis: Does breast cancer originate in utero?
    • Trichopoulos D: Hypothesis: Does breast cancer originate in utero? Lancet 1990;335:939-940.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.335 , pp. 939-940
    • Trichopoulos, D.1
  • 20
    • 0025258839 scopus 로고
    • Age at menarche, age at menopause, height and obesity as risk factors for breast cancer: Associations and interactions in an international case-control study
    • Hsieh C, Trichopoulos D, Katsouyanni K, Yuasa S: Age at menarche, age at menopause, height and obesity as risk factors for breast cancer: Associations and interactions in an international case-control study. Int J Cancer 1990;46:796-800.
    • (1990) Int J Cancer , vol.46 , pp. 796-800
    • Hsieh, C.1    Trichopoulos, D.2    Katsouyanni, K.3    Yuasa, S.4
  • 22
    • 0027161917 scopus 로고
    • Dietary fat and sports activity as determinants for age at menarche
    • Merzenich H, Boeing H, Wahrendorf J: Dietary fat and sports activity as determinants for age at menarche. Am J Epidemiol 1993;138: 217-224.
    • (1993) Am J Epidemiol , vol.138 , pp. 217-224
    • Merzenich, H.1    Boeing, H.2    Wahrendorf, J.3
  • 26
    • 0028229958 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive risk factors in a prospective study of breast cancer: The Nurses' Health Study
    • Rosner B, Colditz GA, Willett WC: Reproductive risk factors in a prospective study of breast cancer: The Nurses' Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 1994;139:819-835.
    • (1994) Am J Epidemiol , vol.139 , pp. 819-835
    • Rosner, B.1    Colditz, G.A.2    Willett, W.C.3
  • 27
    • 0020576133 scopus 로고
    • 'Hormonal' risk factors, 'breast tissue age' and the age-incidence of breast cancer
    • Pike MC, Krailo MD, Henderson BE, Casagrande JT, Hoel DG: 'Hormonal' risk factors, 'breast tissue age' and the age-incidence of breast cancer. Nature 1983;303:767-770.
    • (1983) Nature , vol.303 , pp. 767-770
    • Pike, M.C.1    Krailo, M.D.2    Henderson, B.E.3    Casagrande, J.T.4    Hoel, D.G.5
  • 28
    • 0029837458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does induced or spontaneous abortion affect the risk of breast cancer?
    • Michels KB, Willett WC: Does induced or spontaneous abortion affect the risk of breast cancer? Epidemiology 1996;7:521-528.
    • (1996) Epidemiology , vol.7 , pp. 521-528
    • Michels, K.B.1    Willett, W.C.2
  • 29
    • 0029852886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induced abortion and risk for breast cancer Reporting (recall) bias in a Dutch case-control study
    • Rookus MA, van Leeuwen FE: Induced abortion and risk for breast cancer Reporting (recall) bias in a Dutch case-control study. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996;88:1759-1764.
    • (1996) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.88 , pp. 1759-1764
    • Rookus, M.A.1    Van Leeuwen, F.E.2
  • 31
    • 0032947571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adjustment for age at first birth in etiologic studies of breast cancer involving exposures that may affect age at first birth
    • Sharpe C: Adjustment for age at first birth in etiologic studies of breast cancer involving exposures that may affect age at first birth. Epidemiology 1999;10:95.
    • (1999) Epidemiology , vol.10 , pp. 95
    • Sharpe, C.1
  • 36
    • 0027749302 scopus 로고
    • Lactation and the risk of breast cancer
    • Kelsey JL, John EM: Lactation and the risk of breast cancer. N Engl J Med 1994;330:136-137.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.330 , pp. 136-137
    • Kelsey, J.L.1    John, E.M.2
  • 38
    • 0027304030 scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptives in relation to breast cancer
    • Malone KE, Daling JR, Weiss NS: Oral contraceptives in relation to breast cancer. Epidemiol Rev 1993; 15:80-97.
    • (1993) Epidemiol Rev , vol.15 , pp. 80-97
    • Malone, K.E.1    Daling, J.R.2    Weiss, N.S.3
  • 39
    • 0242390079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: Collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 53,297 women with breast cancer and 100,239 women without breast cancer from 54 epidemiological studies
    • Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer: Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: Collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 53,297 women with breast cancer and 100,239 women without breast cancer from 54 epidemiological studies. Lancet 1996;347:1713-1727.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 1713-1727
  • 40
    • 0027170790 scopus 로고
    • Estrogen replacement therapy and breast cancer risk
    • Brinton LA, Schairer C: Estrogen replacement therapy and breast cancer risk. Epidemiol Rev 1993;15: 66-79.
    • (1993) Epidemiol Rev , vol.15 , pp. 66-79
    • Brinton, L.A.1    Schairer, C.2
  • 41
    • 0027296396 scopus 로고
    • Diet, body size, and breast cancer
    • Hunter DJ, Willett WC: Diet, body size, and breast cancer. Epidemiol Rev 1993;15:110-132.
    • (1993) Epidemiol Rev , vol.15 , pp. 110-132
    • Hunter, D.J.1    Willett, W.C.2
  • 43
    • 0030843969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy: Collaborative reanalysis of data from 51 epidemiological studies of 52,705 women with breast cancer and 108,411 women without breast cancer
    • Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer: Breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy: Collaborative reanalysis of data from 51 epidemiological studies of 52,705 women with breast cancer and 108,411 women without breast cancer. Lancet 1997;350: 1047-1059.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.350 , pp. 1047-1059
  • 44
    • 0018950832 scopus 로고
    • Two-stage model for carcinogenesis: Epidemiology of breast cancer in females
    • Moolgavkar SH, Day NE, Stevens RG: Two-stage model for carcinogenesis: Epidemiology of breast cancer in females. J Natl Cancer Inst 1980;65:559-569.
    • (1980) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.65 , pp. 559-569
    • Moolgavkar, S.H.1    Day, N.E.2    Stevens, R.G.3
  • 45
    • 0022436999 scopus 로고
    • Carcinogenesis modeling: From molecular biology to epidemiology
    • Moolgavkar SH: Carcinogenesis modeling: From molecular biology to epidemiology. Annu Rev Public Health 1986;7:151-169.
    • (1986) Annu Rev Public Health , vol.7 , pp. 151-169
    • Moolgavkar, S.H.1
  • 46
    • 0025163524 scopus 로고
    • Too many rodent carcinogens: Mitogenesis increases mutagenesis
    • Ames BN, Gold LS: Too many rodent carcinogens: Mitogenesis increases mutagenesis. Science 1990; 249:970-971.
    • (1990) Science , vol.249 , pp. 970-971
    • Ames, B.N.1    Gold, L.S.2
  • 48
    • 0022930321 scopus 로고
    • 16α-hydroxylation of estradiol: A possible risk marker for breast cancer
    • Bradlow HL, Hershkopf R, Martucci C, Fishman J: 16α-hydroxylation of estradiol: A possible risk marker for breast cancer. Ann NY Acad Sci 1989;464:138-151.
    • (1989) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.464 , pp. 138-151
    • Bradlow, H.L.1    Hershkopf, R.2    Martucci, C.3    Fishman, J.4
  • 49
    • 0026582407 scopus 로고
    • Induction by estrogen metabolite 16α-hydroxyestrone of genotoxic damage and aberrant proliferation in mouse mammary epithelial cells
    • Telang NT, Suto A, Wong GY, Osborne MP, Bradlow HL: Induction by estrogen metabolite 16α-hydroxyestrone of genotoxic damage and aberrant proliferation in mouse mammary epithelial cells. J Natl Cancer Inst 1992;84:634-638.
    • (1992) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.84 , pp. 634-638
    • Telang, N.T.1    Suto, A.2    Wong, G.Y.3    Osborne, M.P.4    Bradlow, H.L.5
  • 50
    • 0027333559 scopus 로고
    • Upregulation of estradiol C16α-hydroxylation in human breast tissue: A potential biomarker of breast cancer risk
    • Osborne MP, Bradlow HL, Wong GYC, Telang NT: Upregulation of estradiol C16α-hydroxylation in human breast tissue: A potential biomarker of breast cancer risk. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:1917-1920.
    • (1993) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.85 , pp. 1917-1920
    • Osborne, M.P.1    Bradlow, H.L.2    Wong, G.Y.C.3    Telang, N.T.4
  • 52
  • 54
    • 0242393245 scopus 로고
    • The role of oestrogens and progestagens in the epidemiology and prevention of breast cancer
    • Key TJA, Pike MC: The role of oestrogens and progestagens in the epidemiology and prevention of breast cancer. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1988;24:29-43.
    • (1988) Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol , vol.24 , pp. 29-43
    • Key, T.J.A.1    Pike, M.C.2
  • 55
    • 0024407270 scopus 로고
    • The dietary fat-breast cancer hypothesis is alive
    • Schatzkin A, Greenwald P, Byar DP, Clifford CK: The dietary fat-breast cancer hypothesis is alive. JAMA 1989;261:3284-3287.
    • (1989) JAMA , vol.261 , pp. 3284-3287
    • Schatzkin, A.1    Greenwald, P.2    Byar, D.P.3    Clifford, C.K.4
  • 60
    • 0000239136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does physical activity reduce the risk of breast cancer? A review of the epidemiologic literature
    • Gammon MD, Britton JA, Teitelbaum SL: Does physical activity reduce the risk of breast cancer? A review of the epidemiologic literature. Menopause 1996;3:172-180.
    • (1996) Menopause , vol.3 , pp. 172-180
    • Gammon, M.D.1    Britton, J.A.2    Teitelbaum, S.L.3
  • 61
    • 0028941227 scopus 로고
    • A review of physical activity and breast cancer
    • Friedenreich CM, Rohan TE: A review of physical activity and breast cancer. Epidemiology 1995;6:311-317.
    • (1995) Epidemiology , vol.6 , pp. 311-317
    • Friedenreich, C.M.1    Rohan, T.E.2
  • 63
    • 0030896634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise and breast cancer Time to get moving?
    • McTiernan A: Exercise and breast cancer Time to get moving? N Engl J Med 1997;336:1311-1312.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , pp. 1311-1312
    • McTiernan, A.1
  • 64
    • 0030951598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and the risk of breast cancer
    • Thune I, Brenn T, Lund E, Gaard M: Physical activity and the risk of breast cancer. N Engl J Med 1997; 336:1269-1275.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , pp. 1269-1275
    • Thune, I.1    Brenn, T.2    Lund, E.3    Gaard, M.4
  • 65
    • 0028856381 scopus 로고
    • Proportion of breast cancer cases in the United States explained by well-established risk factors
    • Madigan MP, Ziegler RG, Benichou J, Byrne C, Hoover RN: Proportion of breast cancer cases in the United States explained by well-established risk factors. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87:1681-1685.
    • (1995) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.87 , pp. 1681-1685
    • Madigan, M.P.1    Ziegler, R.G.2    Benichou, J.3    Byrne, C.4    Hoover, R.N.5
  • 66
    • 0003009540 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic and related studies of breast cancer etiology
    • Thomas DB: Epidemiologic and related studies of breast cancer etiology. Rev Cancer Epidemiol 1980;1: 153-217.
    • (1980) Rev Cancer Epidemiol , vol.1 , pp. 153-217
    • Thomas, D.B.1
  • 69
    • 0018831324 scopus 로고
    • Breast cancer risk from low-zone exposures to ionizing radiation: Results of parallel analysis of three exposed populations of women
    • Land CE, Boice JD, Shore RE, Norman JE, Tokunaga M: Breast cancer risk from low-zone exposures to ionizing radiation: Results of parallel analysis of three exposed populations of women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1980;65:353-376.
    • (1980) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.65 , pp. 353-376
    • Land, C.E.1    Boice, J.D.2    Shore, R.E.3    Norman, J.E.4    Tokunaga, M.5
  • 70
    • 0029154727 scopus 로고
    • Studies of cancer and radiation dose among atomic bomb survivors: The example of breast cancer
    • Land CE: Studies of cancer and radiation dose among atomic bomb survivors: The example of breast cancer. JAMA 1995;274:402-407.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 402-407
    • Land, C.E.1
  • 71
    • 0023205875 scopus 로고
    • Temporal distributions of risk for radiation-induced cancers
    • Land CE: Temporal distributions of risk for radiation-induced cancers. J Chron Dis 1987;40(suppl 2):45S-57S.
    • (1987) J Chron Dis , vol.40 , Issue.2 SUPPL.
    • Land, C.E.1
  • 73
    • 0028345168 scopus 로고
    • A case-control interview study of breast cancer among Japanese A-bomb survivors. II. Interactions with radiation dose
    • Land CE, Hayakawa N, Machado SG, Yamada Y, Pike MC, Akiba S, Tokunaga M: A case-control interview study of breast cancer among Japanese A-bomb survivors. II. Interactions with radiation dose. Cancer Causes Control 1994;5:167-176.
    • (1994) Cancer Causes Control , vol.5 , pp. 167-176
    • Land, C.E.1    Hayakawa, N.2    Machado, S.G.3    Yamada, Y.4    Pike, M.C.5    Akiba, S.6    Tokunaga, M.7
  • 74
    • 0027275115 scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking and the risk of breast cancer
    • Palmer JR, Rosenberg L: Cigarette smoking and the risk of breast cancer. Epidemiol Rev 1993;15:145-156.
    • (1993) Epidemiol Rev , vol.15 , pp. 145-156
    • Palmer, J.R.1    Rosenberg, L.2
  • 77
    • 0021948407 scopus 로고
    • Cumulative effects of lifetime passive smoking on cancer risk
    • Sandler DP, Wilcox AJ, Everson RB: Cumulative effects of lifetime passive smoking on cancer risk. Lancet 1985;i:312-315.
    • (1985) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 312-315
    • Sandler, D.P.1    Wilcox, A.J.2    Everson, R.B.3
  • 78
    • 0028235025 scopus 로고
    • Alcohol, smoking, passive smoking and caffeine in relation to breast cancer risk in young women
    • Smith SJ, Deacon JM, Chilvers CE, UK National Case-Control Study Group: Alcohol, smoking, passive smoking and caffeine in relation to breast cancer risk in young women. Br J Cancer 1994;70:112-119.
    • (1994) Br J Cancer , vol.70 , pp. 112-119
    • Smith, S.J.1    Deacon, J.M.2    Chilvers, C.E.3
  • 79
    • 0029877370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of breast cancer with passive and active exposure to tobacco smoke
    • Morabia A, Bernstein M, Héritier S, Khatchatrian N: Relation of breast cancer with passive and active exposure to tobacco smoke. Am J Epidemiol 1996;143:918-928.
    • (1996) Am J Epidemiol , vol.143 , pp. 918-928
    • Morabia, A.1    Bernstein, M.2    Héritier, S.3    Khatchatrian, N.4
  • 80
    • 0032959153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active and passive cigarette smoking and the occurrence of breast cancer
    • Lash TL, Aschengrau A: Active and passive cigarette smoking and the occurrence of breast cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1999;149:5-12.
    • (1999) Am J Epidemiol , vol.149 , pp. 5-12
    • Lash, T.L.1    Aschengrau, A.2
  • 81
    • 0034027125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Passive and active smoking and breast cancer risk in Canada, 1994-1997
    • in press
    • Johnson KC, Hu J, Mao Y, and The Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research Group: Passive and active smoking and breast cancer risk in Canada, 1994-1997. Cancer Causes Control 2000; in press.
    • (2000) Cancer Causes Control
    • Johnson, K.C.1    Hu, J.2    Mao, Y.3
  • 82
    • 0027275113 scopus 로고
    • Alcohol consumption and risk of breast cancer: A review of the epidemiologic evidence
    • Rosenberg L, Metzger LS, Palmer JR: Alcohol consumption and risk of breast cancer: A review of the epidemiologic evidence. Epidemiol Rev 1993;15:133-144.
    • (1993) Epidemiol Rev , vol.15 , pp. 133-144
    • Rosenberg, L.1    Metzger, L.S.2    Palmer, J.R.3
  • 83
    • 0023690384 scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of alcohol consumption in relation to risk of breast cancer
    • Longnecker MP, Berlin JA, Orzan MJ, Chalmers TC: A meta-analysis of alcohol consumption in relation to risk of breast cancer. JAMA 1988; 260:652-656.
    • (1988) JAMA , vol.260 , pp. 652-656
    • Longnecker, M.P.1    Berlin, J.A.2    Orzan, M.J.3    Chalmers, T.C.4
  • 84
    • 0027958427 scopus 로고
    • Alcoholic beverage consumption in relation to risk of breast cancer: Meta-analysis and review
    • Longnecker MP: Alcoholic beverage consumption in relation to risk of breast cancer: Meta-analysis and review. Cancer Causes Control 1994; 5:73-82.
    • (1994) Cancer Causes Control , vol.5 , pp. 73-82
    • Longnecker, M.P.1
  • 88
    • 0031412306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics of breast cancer
    • Greene MH: Genetics of breast cancer. Mayo Clin Proc 1997;72:54-65.
    • (1997) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.72 , pp. 54-65
    • Greene, M.H.1
  • 90
    • 0027369824 scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive evaluation of family history and breast cancer risk: The Utah Population Database
    • Slattery ML, Kerber RA: A comprehensive evaluation of family history and breast cancer risk: The Utah Population Database. JAMA 1993; 270:1563-1568.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.270 , pp. 1563-1568
    • Slattery, M.L.1    Kerber, R.A.2
  • 91
    • 0030932869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gatekeepers and caretakers
    • Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B: Gatekeepers and caretakers. Nature 1997;386:761-763.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.386 , pp. 761-763
    • Kinzler, K.W.1    Vogelstein, B.2
  • 92
    • 0029973389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell-cycle control and its watchman
    • Jacks T, Weinberg RA: Cell-cycle control and its watchman. Nature 1996;381:643-644.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.381 , pp. 643-644
    • Jacks, T.1    Weinberg, R.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.