Angiogenesis and surgery: From mice to man

European Journal of Surgery

Volumn 166, Issue 6, 2000, Pages 435-446

  Drixler, Tom A ^a   Voest, Emile E ^a   Van Vroonhoven, Theo J M V ^a   Borel Rinkes, Inne H M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

3 [(4,5 DIMETHYL 1H PYRROL 2 YL)METHYLENE] 1,3 DIHYDRO 2H INDOL 2 ONE; 4 DEDIMETHYLAMINOSANCYCLINE; AE 941; ALPHA INTERFERON; ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITOR; ANGIOPOIETIN 1; ANGIOPOIETIN 2; ANGIOSTATIN; BATIMASTAT; CM 101; DOXORUBICIN; ENDOSTATIN; FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR; FLUOROURACIL; FUMAGILLOL CHLOROACETYLCARBAMATE; INTERFERON; INTERLEUKIN 12; LEFLUNOMIDE; MARIMASTAT; MITOMYCIN; MM 1270; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY LM 609; PRINOMASTAT; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; SQUALAMINE; SURAMIN; TAMOXIFEN; TANOMASTAT; THALIDOMIDE; THROMBOSPONDIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VASCULOTROPIN;

ANGIOGENESIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG ACTIVITY; DRUG POTENTIATION; HEMANGIOMA; HUMAN; MICROCIRCULATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROLIFERATIVE RETINOPATHY; REVIEW; TUMOR GROWTH; TUMOR VASCULARIZATION;

EID: 0034046044     PISSN: 11024151     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/110241500750008745     Document Type: Review

References (116)

1. 1. Asahara T, Bauters C, Zheng LP, Takeshita S, Bunting S, Ferrara N, Symes JF, Isner JM. Synergistic effect of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor on angiogenesis in vivo. Circulation 1995; 92: II365-II371.
2. 2. Asano M, Yukita A, Matsumoto T, Kondo S, Suzuki H. Inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis by an immunoneutralizing monoclonal antibody to human vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor121. Cancer Res 1995; 55: 5296-5301.
3. 3. Barleon B, Sozzani S, Zhou D, Weich HA, Mantovani A, Marme D. Migration of human monocytes in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is mediated via the VEGF receptor fit-1. Blood 1996; 87: 3336-3343.
4. 4. Bauters C, Asahara T, Zheng LP, Takeshita S, Bunting S, Ferrara N, Symes JF, Isner JM. Physiological assessment of augmented vascularity induced by VEGF in ischemic rabbit hindlimb. Am J Physiol 1994; 267: H1263-H1271.
5. 5. Berard M, Sordello S, Ortega N, Carrier JL, Peyri N, Wassef M, Bertrand N, Enjolras O, Drouet L, Plouet J. Vascular endothelial growth factor confers a growth advantage in vitro and in vivo to stromal cells cultured from neonatal hemangiomas. Am J Pathol 1997; 150: 1315-1326.
6. 6. Biro S, Yu ZX, Fu YM, Smale G, Sasse J, Sanchez J, Ferrans VJ, Casscells W. Expression and subcellular distribution of basic fibroblast growth factor are regulated during migration of endothelial cells. Circ Res 1994; 74: 485-494.
7. 7. Borgstrom P, Hillan KJ, Sriramarao P, Ferrara N. Complete inhibition of angiogenesis and growth of microtumors by anti-vascular endothelial growth factor neutralizing antibody: novel concepts of angiostatic therapy from intravital videomicroscopy. Cancer Res 1996; 56: 4032-4039.
8. 8. Boulton M, Foreman D, Williams G, McLeod D. VEGF localisation in diabetic retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 1998; 82: 561-568.
9. 9. Brem H, Gresser I, Grosfeld J, Folkman J. The combination of antiangiogenic agents to inhibit primary tumor growth and metastasis. J Pediatr Surg 1993; 28: 1253-1257.
10. 10. Brooks PC, Clark RA, Cheresh DA. Requirement of vascular integrin alpha v beta 3 for angiogenesis. Science 1994; 264: 569-571.
11. 11. Brooks PC, Montgomery AM, Rosenfeld M, Reisfeld RA, Hu T, Klier G, Cheresh DA. Integrin alpha v beta 3 antagonists promote tumor regression by inducing apoptosis of angiogenic blood vessels. Cell 1994; 79: 1157-1164.
12. 12. Brown LF, Yeo KT, Berse B, Yeo TK, Senger DR, Dvorak HF, van de Water L. Expression of vascular permeability factor (vascular endothelial growth factor) by epidermal keratinocytes during wound healing. J Exp Med 1992; 176: 1375-1379.
13. 13. Carron CP, Meyer DM, Pegg JA, Engleman VW, Nickols MA, Settle SL, Westlin WF, Ruminski PG, Nickols GA. A peptidomimetic antagonist of the integrin alpha (v) beta3 inhibits Leydig cell tumor growth and the development of hypercalcemia of malignancy. Cancer Res 1998; 58: 1930-1935.
14. 14. Cockerill GW, Gamble JR, Vadas MA. Angiogenesis: models and modulators. Int Rev Cytol 1995; 159: 113-160.
15. 15. Cohen T, Gitay Goren H, Sharon R, Shibuya M, Halaban R, Levi BZ, Neufeld G. VEGF121, a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoform lacking heparin binding ability, requires cell-surface heparan sulfates for efficient binding to the VEGF receptors of human melanoma cells. J Biol Chem 1995; 270: 11322-11326.
16. 16. Coman DR, Sheldon WF. The significance of hyperemia around tumor implants. Am J Pathol 1946; 22: 821.
17. 17. Cordon Cardo C, Vlodavsky I, Haimovitz Friedman A, Hicklin D, Fuks Z. Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in normal human tissues. Lab Invest 1990; 63: 832-840.
18. 18. Czubayko F, Liaudet-Coopman ED, Aigner A, Tuveson AT, Berchem GJ, Wellstein A, A secreted FGF-binding protein can serve as the angiogenic switch in human cancer [see comments]. Nat Med 1997; 3: 1137-1140.
19. 19. D'Amore PA. Modes of FGF release in vivo and in vitro. Cancer Metastasis Rev 1990; 9: 227-238.
20. 20. D'Amore PA, Thompson RW. Mechanisms of angiogenesis. Annu Rev Physiol 1987; 49: 453-464.
21. 21. Dameron KM, Volpert OV, Tainsky MA, Bouck N. Control of angiogenesis in fibroblasts by p53 regulation of thrombospondin-1. Science 1994; 265: 1582-1584.
22. 22. DiPietro LA, Nissen NN, Gamelli RL, Koch AE, Pyle JM, Polverini PJ. Thrombospondin 1 synthesis and function in wound repair. Am J Pathol 1996; 148: 1851-1860.
23. 23. Dong Z, Kumar R, Yang X, Fidler IJ. Macrophagederived metalloelastase is responsible for the generation of angiostatin in Lewis lung carcinoma. Cell 1997; 88: 801-810.
24. 24. Dong Z, Yoneda J, Kumar R, Fidler IJ. Angiostatinmediated suppression of cancer metastases by primary neoplasms engineered to produce Granulocyte/Macrophage colony- stimulating factor [In Process Citation]. J Exp Med 1998; 188: 755-763.
25. 25. Dvorak HF, Brown LF, Detmar M, Dvorak AM. Vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor, microvascular hyperpermeability, and angiogenesis. Am J Pathol 1995; 146: 1029-1039.
26. 26. Ezekowitz RA, Mulliken JB, Folkman J. Interferon alfa-2a therapy for life-threatening hemangiomas of infancy [see comments] [published errata appear in N Engl J Med 1994 Jan 27;330 (4):300 and 1995 Aug 31;333 (9):595-6]. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 1456-1463.
27. 27. Flaumenhaft R, Moscatelli D, Rifkin DB. Heparin and heparan sulfate increase the radius of diffusion and action ofbasic fibroblast growth factor. J Cell Biol 1990; 111: 1651-1659.
28. 28. Folkman J. Tumor angiogenesis. In: Holland JF, Frei III E, Bast RC, Kufe DW, Morton DL Weichselbaum RR (eds,), Cancer Medicine, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1993: 153-170.
29. 29. Folkman J. Tumor angiogenesis: therapeutic implications. N Engl J Med 1971; 285: 1182-1186.
30. 30. Folkman J. Angiogenesis in cancer, vascular, rheumatoid and other disease. Nat Med 1995; 1: 27-31.
31. 31. Folkman J, Klagsbrun M, Sasse J, Wadzinski M, Ingber D, Vlodavsky I. A heparin-binding angiogenic protein-basic fibroblast growth factor-is stored within basement membrane. Am J Pathol 1988; 130: 393-400.
32. 32. Folkman J, Szabo S, Stovroff M, McNeil P, Li W, Shing Y. Duodenal ulcer. Discovery of a new mechanism and development of angiogenic therapy that accelerates healing, Ann Surg 1991; 214: 414-425.
33. 33. Friedlander M, Brooks PC, Shaffer RW, Kincaid CM, Varner JA, Cheresh DA. Definition of two angiogenic pathways by distinct alpha v integrins. Science 1995; 270: 1500-1502.
34. 34. Galardy RE, Grobelny D, Foellmer HG, Femandez LA. Inhibition of angiogenesis by the matrix metalloprotease inhibitor N-[2R-2-(hydroxamidocarbonymethyl)-4-methylpentanoyl)]-L-tryptophan methylamide. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 4715-4718.
35. 35. Gately S, Twardowski P, Stack MS, Cundiff DL, Grella D, Castellino FJ, Enghild J, Kwaan HC, Lee F, Kramer RA, Volpert O, Bouck N, Soff GA. The mechanism of cancer-mediated conversion of plasminogen to the angiogenesis inhibitor angiostatin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94: 10868-10872.
36. 36. Good D, Polverini P, Rastinejad F, Le Beau M, Lemons R, Frazier W, Bouck N. A tumor suppressor-dependent inhibitor of angiogenesis is immunologically and functionally indistinguishable from a fragment of thrombospondin. proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87: 6624-6628.
37. 37. Gospodarowicz D, Localisation of a fibroblast growth factor and its effect alone and with hydrocortisone on 3T3 cell growth. Nature 1974; 249: 123-127.
38. 38. Gospodarowicz D, Cheng J. Heparin protects basic and acidic FGF from inactivation. J Cell Physiol 1986; 128: 475-484.
39. 39. Griscelli F, Li H, Bennaceur-Griscelli A, Soria J, Opolon P, Soria C, Perricaudet M, Yeh P, Lu H. Angiostatin gene transfer: inhibition of tumor growth in vivo by blockage of endothelial cell proliferation associated with a mitosis arrest. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95: 6367-6372.
40. 40. Himelstein BP, Canete Soler R, Bernhard EJ, Dilks DW, Muschel RJ. Metalloproteinases in tumor progression: the contribution of MMP. Invasion Metastasis 1994; 14: 246-258.
41. 41. Hobson B, Denekamp J, Endothelial proliferation in tumours and normal tissues: continuous labelling studies. Br J Cancer 1984; 49: 405-413.
42. 42. Hori A, Sasada R, Matsutani E, Naito K, Sakura Y, Fujita T, Kozai Y, Suppression of solid tumor growth by immunoneutralizing monoclonal antibody against human basic fibroblast growth factor. Cancer Res 1991; 51: 6180-6184.
43. 43. Hynes RO. Integrins: versatility, modulation, and signaling in cell adhesion. Cell 1992; 69: 11-25.
44. 44. Ingber D, Fujita T, Kishimoto S, Sudo K, Kanamaru T, Brem H, Folkman J. Synthetic analogues of fumagillin that inhibit angiogenesis and suppress tumour growth. Nature 1990; 348: 555-557.
45. 45. Isner JM, Pieczek A, Schainfeld R, Blair R, Haley L, Asahara T, Rosenfield K, Razvi S, Walsh K, Symes JF. Clinical evidence of angiogenesis after arterial gene transfer of phVEGF165 in patient with ischaemic limb. Lancet 1996; 348: 370-374.
46. 46. Jackson CL, Reidy MA. Basic fibroblast growth factor: its role in the control of smooth muscle cell migration. Am J Pathol 1993; 143: 1024-1031.
47. 47. Kanai T, Konno H, Tanaka T, Baba M, Matsumoto K, Nakamura S, Yukita A, Asano M, Suzuki H, Baba S. Anti-tumor and anti-metastatic effects of human-vascular-endothelial-growth-factor-neutralizing anti-body on human colon and gastric carcinoma xenotransplanted orthotopically into nude mice [In Process Citation]. Int J Cancer 1998; 77: 933-936.
48. 48. Kato T, Sato K, Kakinuma H, Matsuda Y. Enhanced suppression of tumor growth by combination of angiogenesis inhibitor O- (chloroacetyl-carbamoyl) fumagillol (TNP-470) and cytotoxic agents in mice. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 5143-5147.
49. 49. Kenyon BM, Voest EE, Chen CC, Flynn E, Folkman J, D'Amato RJ. A model of angiogenesis in the mouse cornea. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1996; 37: 1625-1632.
50. 50. Kim KJ, Li B, Winer J, Armanini M, Gillett N, Phillips HS, Ferrara N. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis suppresses tumour growth in vivo. Nature 1993; 362: 841-844.
51. 51. Klein S, Bikfalvi A, Birkenmeier TM, Giancotti FG, Rifkin DB. Integrin regulation by endogenous expression of 18-kDa fibroblast growth factor-2. J Biol Chem 1996; 271: 22583-22590.
52. 52. Konno H, Tanaka T, Kanai T, Maruyama K, Nakamura S, Baba S. Efficacy of an angiogenesis inhibitor, TNP-470, in xenotransplanted human colorectal cancer with high metastatic potential. Cancer 1996; 77: 1736-1740.
53. 53. Kudelka AP, Levy T, Verschraegen CF, Edwards CL, Piamsomboon S, Termrungruanglert W, Freedman RS, Kaplan AL, Kieback DG, Meyers CA, Jaeckle KA, Loyer E, Steger M, Mante R, Mavligit G, Killian A, Tang RA, Gutterman JU, Kavanagh JJ. A Phase I Study of TNP-470 Administered to patients with advanced squamous cell cancer of the cervix. Clin Cancer Res 1997; 3: 1501-1505.
54. 54. Kudelka AP, Verschraegen CF, Loyer E. Complete remission of metastatic cervical cancer with the angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 [letter], N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 991-992.
55. 55. Kuroki M, Voest EE, Amano S, Beerepoot LV, Takashima S, Tolentino M, Kim RY, Rohan RM, Colby KA, Yeo KT, Adamis AP. Reactive oxygen intermediates increase vascular endothelial growth factor expression in vitro and in vivo. J Clin Invest 1996; 98: 1667-1675.
56. 56. Langer R, Conn H, Vacanti J, Haudenschild C, Folkman J. Control of tumor growth in animals by infusion of an angiogenesis inhibitor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1980; 77: 4331-4335.
57. 57. Lannutti BJ, Gately ST, Quevedo ME, Soff GA, Paller AS. Human angiostatin inhibits murine hemangioendothelioma tumor growth in vivo. Cancer Res 1997; 57: 5277-5280.
58. 58. Lei J, Jiang A, Pei D. Identification and characterization of a new splicing variant of vascular endothelial growth factor: VEGF183 (1) [In Process Citation]. Biochim Biophys Acta 1998; 1443: 400-406.
59. 59. Lijnen HR, Ugwu F, Bini A, Collen D. Generation of an angiostatin-like fragment from plasminogen by stromelysin-1 (MMP-3). Biochemistry 1998; 37: 4699-4702.
60. 60. Lobb RR. Clinical applications of heparin-binding growth factors. Eur J Clin Invest 1988; 18: 321-336.
61. 61. Los M, Aarsman CJ, Terpstra L, Wittebol-Post D, Lips CJ, Blijham GH, Voest EE. Elevated ocular levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease. Ann Oncol 1997; 8: 1015-1022.
62. 62. Lovicu FJ, de longh RU, McAvoy JW. Expression of FGF-1 and FGF-2 mRNA during lens morphogenesis, differentiation and growth. Curr Eye Res 1997; 16: 222-230.
63. 63. Maisonpierre PC, Suri C, Jones PF, Bartunkova S, Wiegand S, Radziejewski C, Compton D, McClain J, Aldrich TH, Papadopoulos N, Daly TJ, Davis S, Sato TN, Yancopoulos GD. Angiopoietin-2, a natural antagonist for Tie2 that disrupts in vivo angiogenesis. Science 1997; 277: 55-60.
64. 64. McLeskey SW, Zhang L, Trock BJ, Kharbanda S, Liu Y, Gottardis MM, Lippman ME, Kern FG. Effects of AGM-1470 and pentosan polysulphate on tumorigenicity and metastasis of FGF-transfected MCF-7 cells. Br J Cancer 1996; 73: 1053-1062.
65. 65. McNamara DA, Harmey JH, Walsh TN, Redmond HP, Bouchier-Hayes DJ. Significance of angiogenesis in cancer therapy [In Process Citation]. Br J Surg 1998; 85: 1044-1055.
66. 66. Mignatti P, Mazzieri R, Rifkin DB. Expression of the urokinase receptor in vascular endothelial cells is stimulated by basic fibroblast growth factor. J Cell Biol 1991; 113: 1193-1201.
67. 67. Millauer B, Wizigmann Voos S, Schnurch H, Martinez R, Moller NP, Risau W, Ullrich A. High affinity VEGF binding and developmental expression suggest Flk-1 as a major regulator of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Cell 1993; 72: 835-846.
68. 68. Miller JW, Adamis AP, Shima DT, D'Amore PA, Moulton RS, O'Reilly MS, Folkman J, Dvorak HF, Brown LF, Berse B, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor is temporally and spatially correlated with ocular angiogenesis in a primate model. Am J Pathol 1994; 145: 574-584.
69. 69. Min HY, Doyle LV, Vitt CR, Zandonella CL, Stratton Thomas JR, Shuman MA, Rosenberg S. Urokinase receptor antagonists inhibit angiogenesis and primary tumor growth in syngeneic mice. Cancer Res 1996; 56: 2428-2433.
70. 70. Moscatelli D, Presta M, Joseph Silverstein J, Rifkin DB. Both normal and tumor cells produce basic fibroblast growth factor. J Cell Physiol 1986; 129: 273-276.
71. 71. Nanus DM, Schmitz Drager BJ, Motzer RJ, Lee AC, Viamis V, Cordon Cardo C, Albino AP, Reuter VE. Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in primary human renal tumors: correlation with poor survival. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993; 85: 1597-1599.
72. 72. Nariai T, Suzuki R, Matsushima Y, Ichimura K, Hirakawa K, Ishii K, Senda M, Surgically induced angiogenesis to compensate for hemodynamic cerebral ischemia. Stroke 1994; 25: 1014-1021.
73. 73. Nguyen M. Angiogenic factors as tumor markers. Invest New Drugs 1997; 15: 29-37.
74. 74. Nguyen M, Watanabe H, Budson AE, Richie JP, Hayes DP, Folkman J, Elevated levels of an angiogenic peptide, basic fibroblast growth factor, in the urine of patients with a wide spectrum of cancers [see comments]. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86: 356-361.
75. 75. Nishimura Y, Murata R, Hiraoka M. Combined effects of an angiogenesis inhibitor (TNP-470) and hyperthermia. Br J Cancer 1996; 73: 270-274.
76. 76. Nissen NN, Polverini PJ, Koch AE, Volin MV, Gamelli RL, DiPietro LA. Vascular endothelial growth factor mediates angiogenic activity during the proliterative phase of wound healing. Am J Pathol 1998; 152: 1445-1452.
77. 77. O'Mahony CA, Seidel A, Albo D, Chang H, Tuszynski GP, Berger DH. Angiostatin generation by human pancreatic cancer [In Process Citation]. J Surg Res 1998; 77: 55-58.
78. 78. O'Reilly MS, Holmgren L, Shing Y, Chen C, Rosenthal RA, Moses M, Lane WS, Cao Y, Sage EH, Folkman J. Angiostatin: a novel angiogenesis inhibitor that mediates the suppression of metastases by a Lewis lung carcinoma. Cell 1994; 79: 315-328.
79. 79. Oreilly MS, Boehm T, Shing Y, Fukai N, Vasios G, Lane WS, Flynn E, Birkhead JR, Olsen BR, Folkman J. Endostatin: an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. Cell 1997; 88: 277-285.
80. 80. Pepper MS, Montesano R, Mandriota SJ, Orci L, Vassalli JD. Angiogenesis: a paradigm for balanced extracellular proteolysis during cell migration and morphogenesis. Enzyme Protein 1996; 49: 138-162.
81. 81. Phillips GD, Knighton DR. Angiogenic activity in damaged skeletal muscle. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1990; 193: 197-202.
82. 82. Plate KH, Breier G, Weich HA, Risau W. Vascular endothelial growth factor is a potential tumour angiogenesis factor in human gliomas in vivo. Nature 1992; 359: 845-848.
83. 83. Poltorak Z, Cohen T, Sivan R, Kandelis Y, Spira G, Vlodavsky I, Keshet E, Neufeld G. VEGF145, a secreted vascular endothelial growth factor isoform that binds to extracellular matrix. J Biol Chem 1997; 272: 7151-7158.
84. 84. Qu Z, Liebler JM, Powers MR, Galey T, Ahmadi P, Huang XN, Ansel JC, Butterfield JH, Planck SR, Rosenbaum JT. Mast cells are a major source of basic fibroblast growth factor in chronic inflammation and cutaneous hemangioma. Am J Pathol 1995; 147: 564-573.
85. 85. Quax PH, Van Muijen GN, Weening-Verhoeff EJ, Lund LR, Dano K, Ruiter DJ, Verheijen JH. Metastatic behavior of human melanoma cell lines in nude mice correlates with urokinase-type plasminogen activator, its type-1 inhibitor, and urokinase-mediated matrix degradation. J Cell Biol 1991; 115: 191-199.
86. 86. Quinn TP, Peters KG, De Vries C, Ferrara N, Williams LT. Fetal liver kinase 1 is a receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor and is selectively expressed in vascular endothelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90: 7533-7537.
87. 87. Reynolds LP, Killilea SD, Redmer DA. Angiogenesis in the female reproductive system. FASEB J 1992; 6: 886-892.
88. 88. Robinson GS, Pierce EA, Rook SL, Foley E, Webb R, Smith LE. Oligodeoxynucleotides inhibit retinal neovascularization in a murine model of proliferative retinopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93: 4851-4856.
89. 89. Roesel JF, Nanney LB. Assessment of differential cytokine effects on angiogenesis using an in vivo model of cutaneous wound repair. J Surg Res 1995; 58: 449-459.
90. 90. Rohovsky S, Kearney M, Pieczek A, Rosenfield K, Schainfeld R, D'Amore PA, Isner JM. Elevated levels of basic fibroblast growth factor in patients with limb ischemia. Am Heart J 1996; 132: 1015-1019.
91. 91. Schulze Osthoff K, Risau W, Vollmer E, Sorg C. In situ detection of basic fibroblast growth factor by highly specific antibodies. Am J Pathol 1990; 137: 85-92.
92. 92. Schweigerer L, Neufeld G, Friedman J, Abraham JA, Fiddes JCG-D. Capillary endothelial cells express basic fibroblast growth factor, a mitogen that promotes their own growth. Nature 1987; 325: 257-259.
93. 93. Shima DT, Gougos A, Miller JW, Tolentino M, Robinson G, Adamis AP, D'Amore PA. Cloning and mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in ischemic retinas of Macaca fascicularis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1996: 37: 1334-1340.
94. 94. Sim BKL, O'Reilly MS, Liang H, Fortier AH, He WX, Madsen JW, Lapcevich R, Nacy CA. A recombinant human angiostatin protein inhibits experimental primary and metastatic cancer. Cancer Res 1997; 57: 1329-1334.
95. 95. Soff GA, Sanderowitz J, Gately S, Verrusio E, Weiss I, Brem S, Kwaan HC. Expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 by human prostate carcinoma cells inhibits primary tumor growth, tumor-associated angiogenesis, and metastasis to lung and liver in an athymic mouse model. J Clin Invest 1995; 96: 2593-2600.
96. 96. Soker S, Takashima S, Miao HQ, Neufeld G, Klagsbrun M. Neuropilin-1 is expressed by endothelial and tumor cells as an isoform-specific receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor. Cell 1998; 92: 735-745.
97. 97. Stan AC, Nemati MN, Pietsch T, Walter GF, Dietz H. In vivo inhibition of angiogenesis and growth of the human U-87 malignant glial tumor by treatment with an antibody against basic fibroblast growth factor. J Neurosurg 1995; 82: 1044-1052.
98. 98. Stetler Stevenson WG, Hewitt R, Corcoran M. Matrix metalloproteinases and tumor invasion: from correlation and causality to the clinic. Semin Cancer Biol 1996; 7: 147-154.
99. 99. Suri C, Jones PF, Patan S, Bartunkova S, Maisonpierre PC, Davis S, Sato TN, Yancopoulos GD. Requisite role of angiopoietin-1, a ligand for the TIE2 receptor, during embryonic angiogenesis. Cell 1996; 87: 1171-1180.
100. 100. Suri C, McClain J, Thurston G, McDonald DM, Zhou H, Oldmixon EH, Sato TN, Yancopoulos GD. Increased vascularization in mice overexpressing angiopoietin-1. Science 1998; 282: 468-471.
101. 101. Tanaka T, Cao Y, Folkman J, Fine HA. Viral vectortargeted antiangiogenic gene therapy utilizing an angiostatin complementary DNA. Cancer Res 1998; 58: 3362-3369.
102. 102. Taraboletti G, Garofalo A, Belotti D, Drudis T, Borsotti P, Scanziani E, Brown PD, Giavazzi R. Inhibition of angiogenesis and murine hemangioma growth by batimastat, a synthetic inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87: 293-298.
103. 103. Tsai JC, Goldman CK, Gillespie GY. Vascular endothelial growth factor in human glioma cell lines: induced secretion by EGF, PDGF-BB, and bFGF. J Neurosurg 1995; 82: 864-873.
104. 104. Tsurumi Y, Kearney M, Chen DF, Silver M, Takeshita S, Yang JH, Symes JF, Isner JM. Treatment of acute limb ischemia by intramuscular injection of vascular endothelial growth factor gene. Circulation 1997; 96: 382-388.
105. 105. Vaisman N, Gospodarowicz D, Neufeld G. Characterization of the receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor. J Biol Chem 1990; 265: 19461-19466.
106. 106. Volpert OV, Lawler J, Bouck NP. A human fibrosarcoma inhibits systemic angiogenesis and the growth of experimental metastases via thrombospondin-1. Proc Nad Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95: 6343-6348.
107. 107. Walder CE, Errett CJ, Bunting S, Lindquist P, Ogez JR, Heinsohn HG, Ferrara N, Thomas GR. Vascular endothelial growth factor augments muscle blood flow and function in a rabbit model of chronic hindlimb ischemia. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1996; 27: 91-98.
108. 108. Wallace AL, McLaughlin B, Weiss JB, Hughes SP. Increased endothelial cell stimulating angiogenesis factor in patients with tibial fractures. Injury 1991; 22: 375-376.
109. 109. Waltenberger J, Claesson Welsh L, Siegbahn A, Shibuya M, Heldin CH. Different signal transduction properties of KDR and F1tl, two receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor. J Biol Chem 1994; 269: 26988-26995.
110. 110. Wang TN, Qian X, Granick MS, Solomon MP, Rothman VL, Berger DH, Tuszynski GP. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) promotes the invasive properties of human breast cancer. J Surg Res 1996; 63: 39-43.
111. 111. Wang TN, Qian XH, Granick MS, Solomon MP, Rothman VL, Tuszynski GP. The effect of thrombospondin on oral squamous carcinoma cell invasion of collagen. Am J Surg 1995; 170: 502-505.
112. 112. Wiczyk HP, Grow DR, Adams LA, O'Shea DL, Reece MT. Pelvic adhesions contain sex steroid receptors and produce angiogenesis growth factors, Fertil Steril 1998; 69: 511-516.
113. 113. Wilhelm O, Schmitt M, Hohl S, Senekowitsch R, Graeff H. Antisense inhibition of urokinase reduces spread of human ovarian cancer in mice. Clin Exp Metastasis 1995; 13: 296-302.
114. 114. Yanai S, Okada H, Saito K, Kuge Y, Misaki M, Ogawa Y, Toguchi H. Antitumor effect of arterial administration of a medium-chain triglyceride solution of an angiogenesis inhibitor, TNP-470, in rabbits bearing VX-2 carcinoma. Pharm Res 1995; 12: 653-657.
115. 115. Yanase T, Tamura M, Fujita K, Kodama S, Tanaka K. Inhibitory effect of angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 on tumor growth and metastasis of human cell lines in vitro in vivo. Cancer Res 1993; 53: 2566-2570.
116. 116. Zabrenetzky V, Harris CC, Steeg PS, Roberts DD. Expression of the extracellular matrix molecule thrombospondin inversely correlates with malignant progression in melanoma, lung and breast carcinoma cell lines. Int J Cancer 1994; 59: 191-195.