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T. Abe, D.E. Bignell, & M. Higashi. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. The latest monograph on termite biology. It contains several excellent chapters on the microbiota of wood-feeding, litter-feeding, and soil-feeding termites, and also the latest information on the taxonomy and phylogeny of lower and higher termites.
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Abe T., Bignell D.E., Higashi M. Termites: evolution, sociality, symbiosis, ecology. 2000;Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. The latest monograph on termite biology. It contains several excellent chapters on the microbiota of wood-feeding, litter-feeding, and soil-feeding termites, and also the latest information on the taxonomy and phylogeny of lower and higher termites.
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A short review article that summarizes the new concept of the termite hindgut as a highly structured environment characterized by steep gradients of metabolites. It contains further references to recent literature.
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Brune A. Termite guts: the world's smallest bioreactors. Trends Biotechnol. 16:1998;16-21. A short review article that summarizes the new concept of the termite hindgut as a highly structured environment characterized by steep gradients of metabolites. It contains further references to recent literature.
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The most recent survey of the literature on the termite hindgut symbiosis. An excellent coverage of anaerobic protozoa and their role in wood digestion in lower termites.
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Radek R. Flagellates, bacteria, and fungi associated with termites: diversity and function in nutrition - a review. Ecotropica. 5:1999;183-196. The most recent survey of the literature on the termite hindgut symbiosis. An excellent coverage of anaerobic protozoa and their role in wood digestion in lower termites.
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Ecotropica
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Radek, R.1
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Kane M.D. Microbial fermentation in insect guts. Mackie R.I., White B.A. Gastrointestinal Microbiology, vol 1. 1997;231-265 Chapman and Hall, New York.
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0032856163
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Hydrogen profiles and localization of methanogenic activities in the highly compartmentalized hindgut of soil-feeding higher termites (Cubitermes spp.)
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2 partial pressures in the guts of soil-feeding termites. Hydrogen accumulates to high partial pressures only in the anterior, alkaline gut regions, whereas it is always below the detection limit (< 100 Pa) in the posterior hindgut, which harbors the methanogenic activities.
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2 partial pressures in the guts of soil-feeding termites. Hydrogen accumulates to high partial pressures only in the anterior, alkaline gut regions, whereas it is always below the detection limit (< 100 Pa) in the posterior hindgut, which harbors the methanogenic activities.
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Appl Environ Microbiol
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Schmitt-Wagner, D.1
Brune, A.2
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0034551727
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Impact of oxygen on metabolic fluxes and in situ rates of reductive acetogenesis in the hindgut of the wood-feeding termite Reticulitermes flavipes
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2 has a significant impact on hindgut metabolism in situ.
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2 has a significant impact on hindgut metabolism in situ.
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Ebert A., Brune A. Hydrogen concentration profiles at the oxic-anoxic interface: a microsensor study of the hindgut of the wood-feeding lower termite Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar). Appl Environ Microbiol. 63:1997;4039-4046.
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Physiological ecology of Methanobrevibacter cuticularis sp. nov. and Methanobrevibacter curvatus sp. nov., isolated from the hindgut of the termite Reticulitermes flavipes
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Leadbetter J.R., Breznak J.A. Physiological ecology of Methanobrevibacter cuticularis sp. nov. and Methanobrevibacter curvatus sp. nov., isolated from the hindgut of the termite Reticulitermes flavipes. Appl Environ Microbiol. 62:1996;3620-3631.
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Crosby, L.D.2
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Methane and hydrogen production in a termite-symbiont system
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Inoue, T.2
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Miller, L.4
Takeichi, S.5
Abe, T.6
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16
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0032856164
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Localization and in situ activities of homoacetogenic bacteria in the highly compartmentalized hindgut of soil-feeding higher termites (Cubitermes spp.)
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2 from the anterior gut regions.
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2 from the anterior gut regions.
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Methane oxidation by termite mounds estimated by the carbon isotopic composition of methane
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PH profiles of the extremely alkaline hindguts of soil-feeding termites (Isoptera: Termitidae) determined with microelectrodes
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Brune A., Kühl M. pH profiles of the extremely alkaline hindguts of soil-feeding termites (Isoptera: Termitidae) determined with microelectrodes. J Insect Physiol. 42:1996;1121-1127.
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0032718993
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Influence of gut alkalinity and oxygen status on mobilization and size-class distribution of humic acids in the hindgut of soil-feeding termites
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2 consumption, which is accompanied by a significant decrease of the molecular weight of humic acids extracted from this compartment. The results suggest that chemical oxidation and solubilization of soil organic matter in the anterior may be one of the keys to understanding the basis of humivory in termites.
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2 consumption, which is accompanied by a significant decrease of the molecular weight of humic acids extracted from this compartment. The results suggest that chemical oxidation and solubilization of soil organic matter in the anterior may be one of the keys to understanding the basis of humivory in termites.
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Appl Soil Ecol
, vol.13
, pp. 219-229
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Kappler, A.1
Brune, A.2
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The gut microflora of Reticulitermes flavipes, its relation to oxygen, and evidence for oxygen-dependent acetogenesis by the most abundant Enterococcus sp.
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Tholen A., Schink B., Brune A. The gut microflora of Reticulitermes flavipes, its relation to oxygen, and evidence for oxygen-dependent acetogenesis by the most abundant Enterococcus sp. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 24:1997;137-149.
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Schink, B.2
Brune, A.3
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22
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0033971705
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Characterization of abundance and diversity of lactic acid bacteria in the hindgut of wood- And soil-feeding termites by molecular and culture-dependent techniques
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A polyphasic approach in which the termite intestinal populations of lactic acid bacteria were characterized by both molecular and culture-dependent techniques. By 16S rRNA gene fingerprinting via DGGE, it was found that a Lactococcus strain isolated from the hindgut of Reticulitermes flavipes was closely related to one of the major phylotypes in the bacterial community of this termite.
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Bauer S., Tholen A., Overmann J., Brune A. Characterization of abundance and diversity of lactic acid bacteria in the hindgut of wood- and soil-feeding termites by molecular and culture-dependent techniques. Arch Microbiol. 173:2000;126-137. A polyphasic approach in which the termite intestinal populations of lactic acid bacteria were characterized by both molecular and culture-dependent techniques. By 16S rRNA gene fingerprinting via DGGE, it was found that a Lactococcus strain isolated from the hindgut of Reticulitermes flavipes was closely related to one of the major phylotypes in the bacterial community of this termite.
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(2000)
Arch Microbiol
, vol.173
, pp. 126-137
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Bauer, S.1
Tholen, A.2
Overmann, J.3
Brune, A.4
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23
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0030806312
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Cellulose and xylan utilization in the lower termite Reticulitermes speratus
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Inoue T., Murashima K., Azuma J-I., Sugimoto A., Slaytor M. Cellulose and xylan utilization in the lower termite Reticulitermes speratus. J Insect Physiol. 43:1997;235-242.
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J Insect Physiol
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Inoue, T.1
Murashima, K.2
Azuma, J.-I.3
Sugimoto, A.4
Slaytor, M.5
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24
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0031127852
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Site of secretion and properties of endogenous endo-beta-1,4-glucanase components from Reticulitermes speratus (Kolbe), a Japanese subterranean termite
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Watanabe H., Nakamura M., Tokuda G., Yamaoka I., Scrivener A.M., Noda H. Site of secretion and properties of endogenous endo-beta-1,4-glucanase components from Reticulitermes speratus (Kolbe), a Japanese subterranean termite. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 27:1997;305-313.
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Insect Biochem Mol Biol
, vol.27
, pp. 305-313
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Watanabe, H.1
Nakamura, M.2
Tokuda, G.3
Yamaoka, I.4
Scrivener, A.M.5
Noda, H.6
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25
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0031080634
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Cellulose digestion in the wood-eating higher termite, Nasutitermes takasagoensi (Shiraki): Distribution of cellulases and properties of endo-β-1,4-glucanase
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Tokuda G., Watanabe H., Matsumoto T., Noda H. Cellulose digestion in the wood-eating higher termite, Nasutitermes takasagoensi (Shiraki): distribution of cellulases and properties of endo-β-1,4-glucanase. Zool Sci. 14:1997;83-93.
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Zool Sci
, vol.14
, pp. 83-93
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Tokuda, G.1
Watanabe, H.2
Matsumoto, T.3
Noda, H.4
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26
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0032560853
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A cellulase gene of termite origin
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The first report of isolation and characterization of a cellulase gene from insects. The results ultimately confirm the endogenous origin of the endo-β-1,4-glucanase in the salivary glands of R. speratus.
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Watanabe H., Noda H., Tokuda G., Lo N. A cellulase gene of termite origin. Nature. 394:1998;330-331. The first report of isolation and characterization of a cellulase gene from insects. The results ultimately confirm the endogenous origin of the endo-β-1,4-glucanase in the salivary glands of R. speratus.
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Nature
, vol.394
, pp. 330-331
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Watanabe, H.1
Noda, H.2
Tokuda, G.3
Lo, N.4
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27
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0032725966
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Metazoan cellulase genes from termites: Intron/exon structures and sites of expression
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An elegant study unequivocally proving the host origin of the endogenous endo-β-1,4-glucanase (EGase) in midgut of N. takasagoensis. The gene has typical exon-intron structure and eukaryotic splice sites. Termite EGases seem to form a monophyletic clade within a cluster containing both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cellulases. The presence of EGase mRNA in the columnar cells of the midgut epithelium was demonstrated by in situ hybridization probing. In R. speratus, EGase mRNA was detected only in the salivary glands.
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Tokuda G., Lo N., Watanabe H., Slaytor M., Matsumoto T., Noda H. Metazoan cellulase genes from termites: intron/exon structures and sites of expression. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1447:1999;146-159. An elegant study unequivocally proving the host origin of the endogenous endo-β-1,4-glucanase (EGase) in midgut of N. takasagoensis. The gene has typical exon-intron structure and eukaryotic splice sites. Termite EGases seem to form a monophyletic clade within a cluster containing both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cellulases. The presence of EGase mRNA in the columnar cells of the midgut epithelium was demonstrated by in situ hybridization probing. In R. speratus, EGase mRNA was detected only in the salivary glands.
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(1999)
Biochim Biophys Acta
, vol.1447
, pp. 146-159
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Tokuda, G.1
Lo, N.2
Watanabe, H.3
Slaytor, M.4
Matsumoto, T.5
Noda, H.6
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28
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0030991116
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Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in the higher termite Nasutitermes walkeri (Hill)
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Slaytor M., Veivers P.C., Lo N. Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in the higher termite Nasutitermes walkeri (Hill). Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 27:1997;291-303.
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(1997)
Insect Biochem Mol Biol
, vol.27
, pp. 291-303
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Slaytor, M.1
Veivers, P.C.2
Lo, N.3
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29
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0032812104
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Occurrence and metabolic role of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in the lower termite Coptotermes formosanus (Shiraki)
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Itakura S., Tanaka H., Enoki A. Occurrence and metabolic role of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in the lower termite Coptotermes formosanus (Shiraki). Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 29:1999;625-633.
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Insect Biochem Mol Biol
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Itakura, S.1
Tanaka, H.2
Enoki, A.3
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30
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0030808339
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Degradation of dimeric lignin model compounds by aerobic bacteria isolated from the hindgut of xylophagous termites
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Kuhnigk T., König H. Degradation of dimeric lignin model compounds by aerobic bacteria isolated from the hindgut of xylophagous termites. J Basic Microbiol. 37:1997;205-211.
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J Basic Microbiol
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Kuhnigk, T.1
König, H.2
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31
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0033854516
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14C-labeled humic model compounds by soil-feeding termites
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in press. Feeding experiments with chemically identical synthetic humic acids (HA), radiolabeled in either their proteinaceous or their aromatic building blocks, showed that peptidic components of humic substances are selectively digested, whereas aromatic components are apparently not an important food source for soil-feeding termites.
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14C-labeled humic model compounds by soil-feeding termites. Soil Biol Biochem. 32:2000;. in press. Feeding experiments with chemically identical synthetic humic acids (HA), radiolabeled in either their proteinaceous or their aromatic building blocks, showed that peptidic components of humic substances are selectively digested, whereas aromatic components are apparently not an important food source for soil-feeding termites.
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(2000)
Soil Biol Biochem
, vol.32
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Ji, R.1
Kappler, A.2
Brune, A.3
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33
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0032216843
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Application of 13C NMR to investigate the transformations and biodegradation of organic materials by wood- And soil-feeding termites, and a coprophagous litter-dwelling dipteran larva
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Hopkins D.W., Chudek J.A., Bignell D.E., Frouz J., Webster E.A., Lawson T. Application of 13C NMR to investigate the transformations and biodegradation of organic materials by wood- and soil-feeding termites, and a coprophagous litter-dwelling dipteran larva. Biodegradation. 9:1998;423-431.
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Biodegradation
, vol.9
, pp. 423-431
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Hopkins, D.W.1
Chudek, J.A.2
Bignell, D.E.3
Frouz, J.4
Webster, E.A.5
Lawson, T.6
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34
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0031798193
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The use of carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in termite research
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Tayasu I. The use of carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in termite research. Ecol Res. 13:1998;377-387.
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Ecol Res
, vol.13
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Tayasu, I.1
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35
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0040039989
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Organization of the symbiotic flagellate community in three castes of the Eastern Subterranean Termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
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Cook T.J., Gold R.E. Organization of the symbiotic flagellate community in three castes of the Eastern Subterranean Termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Sociobiology. 31:1998;25-39.
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Sociobiology
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Cook, T.J.1
Gold, R.E.2
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36
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0031982528
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Microbial evolution, diversity, and ecology: A decade of ribosomal RNA analysis of uncultivated microorganisms
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A recent review on the 'rRNA approach' including a critical evaluation of methodological bias.
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Head I.M., Saunders J.R., Pickup R.W. Microbial evolution, diversity, and ecology: a decade of ribosomal RNA analysis of uncultivated microorganisms. Microb Ecol. 35:1998;1-21. A recent review on the 'rRNA approach' including a critical evaluation of methodological bias.
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Microb Ecol
, vol.35
, pp. 1-21
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Head, I.M.1
Saunders, J.R.2
Pickup, R.W.3
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37
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0032528281
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Phylogenetic analysis of the symbiotic intestinal microflora of the termite Cryptotermes domesticus
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Ohkuma M., Kudo T. Phylogenetic analysis of the symbiotic intestinal microflora of the termite Cryptotermes domesticus. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 164:1998;389-395.
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FEMS Microbiol Lett
, vol.164
, pp. 389-395
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Ohkuma, M.1
Kudo, T.2
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38
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0032143337
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Molecular phylogenetic identification of the intestinal anaerobic microbial community in the hindgut of the termite, Reticulitermes speratus, without cultivation
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Kudo T., Ohkuma M., Moriya S., Noda S., Ohtoko K. Molecular phylogenetic identification of the intestinal anaerobic microbial community in the hindgut of the termite, Reticulitermes speratus, without cultivation. Extremophiles. 2:1998;155-161.
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Kudo, T.1
Ohkuma, M.2
Moriya, S.3
Noda, S.4
Ohtoko, K.5
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39
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0033171506
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Phylogenetic diversity of termite gut spirochaetes
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In-depth characterization of termite gut spirochetes with culture-independent molecular tools. All clones were affiliated with the genus Treponema, forming two separate clusters: one containing all of the previously known species and some clonal sequences obtained from termite guts, and the other containing the majority of the termite gut phylotypes and only two free-living spirochetes formerly assigned to the genus Spirochaeta. This is one of the few recent studies on microbial diversity in termite guts in which the number of analyzed clones per termite (n=98) was sufficient to allow statistical evaluation.
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Lilburn T.G., Schmidt T.M., Breznak J.A. Phylogenetic diversity of termite gut spirochaetes. Environ Microbiol. 1:1999;331-345. In-depth characterization of termite gut spirochetes with culture-independent molecular tools. All clones were affiliated with the genus Treponema, forming two separate clusters: one containing all of the previously known species and some clonal sequences obtained from termite guts, and the other containing the majority of the termite gut phylotypes and only two free-living spirochetes formerly assigned to the genus Spirochaeta. This is one of the few recent studies on microbial diversity in termite guts in which the number of analyzed clones per termite (n=98) was sufficient to allow statistical evaluation.
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(1999)
Environ Microbiol
, vol.1
, pp. 331-345
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Lilburn, T.G.1
Schmidt, T.M.2
Breznak, J.A.3
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40
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Phylogenetic relationships of symbiotic spirochetes in the gut of diverse termites
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Ohkuma M., Iida T., Kudo T. Phylogenetic relationships of symbiotic spirochetes in the gut of diverse termites. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 181:1999;123-129.
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FEMS Microbiol Lett
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Ohkuma, M.1
Iida, T.2
Kudo, T.3
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41
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0033613836
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2 by spirochetes from termite guts
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The authors were the first to succeed in isolating several of the extremely abundant gut spirochetes from the termite Zootermopsis angusticollis in pure culture. Their diligence was rewarded by being able to demonstrate reductive acetogenesis via the acetyl-CoA pathway as a mode of energy metabolism previously unknown for members of this phylum.
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2 by spirochetes from termite guts. Science. 283:1999;686-689. The authors were the first to succeed in isolating several of the extremely abundant gut spirochetes from the termite Zootermopsis angusticollis in pure culture. Their diligence was rewarded by being able to demonstrate reductive acetogenesis via the acetyl-CoA pathway as a mode of energy metabolism previously unknown for members of this phylum.
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(1999)
Science
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Leadbetter, J.R.1
Schmidt, T.M.2
Graber, J.R.3
Breznak, J.A.4
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42
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0030031972
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Phylogenetic diversity of the intestinal bacterial community in the termite Reticulitermes speratus
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Ohkuma M., Kudo T. Phylogenetic diversity of the intestinal bacterial community in the termite Reticulitermes speratus. Appl Environ Microbiol. 62:1996;461-468.
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Ohkuma, M.1
Kudo, T.2
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43
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0029741675
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A feasible role of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the termite gut
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Kuhnigk T., Branke J., Krekeler D., Cypionka H., König H. A feasible role of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the termite gut. System Appl Microbiol. 19:1996;139-149.
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Kuhnigk, T.1
Branke, J.2
Krekeler, D.3
Cypionka, H.4
König, H.5
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44
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0032769841
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Isolation of Desulfovibrio intestinalis sp. nov. from the hindgut of the lower termite Mastotermes darwiniensis
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Fröhlich J., Sass H., Babenzien H.D., Kuhnigk T., Varma A., Saxena S., Nalepa C., Pfeiffer P., König H. Isolation of Desulfovibrio intestinalis sp. nov. from the hindgut of the lower termite Mastotermes darwiniensis. Can J Microbiol. 45:1999;145-152.
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Fröhlich, J.1
Sass, H.2
Babenzien, H.D.3
Kuhnigk, T.4
Varma, A.5
Saxena, S.6
Nalepa, C.7
Pfeiffer, P.8
König, H.9
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45
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Phylogenetic relationships of symbiotic methanogens in diverse termites
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Ohkuma M., Noda S., Kudo T. Phylogenetic relationships of symbiotic methanogens in diverse termites. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 171:1999;147-153.
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Ohkuma, M.1
Noda, S.2
Kudo, T.3
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46
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0032976011
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Phylogenetic diversity of symbiotic methanogens living in the hindgut of the lower termite Reticulitermes speratus analyzed by PCR and in situ hybridization
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Shinzato N., Matsumoto T., Yamaoka I., Oshima T., Yamagishi A. Phylogenetic diversity of symbiotic methanogens living in the hindgut of the lower termite Reticulitermes speratus analyzed by PCR and in situ hybridization. Appl Environ Microbiol. 65:1999;837-840.
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Shinzato, N.1
Matsumoto, T.2
Yamaoka, I.3
Oshima, T.4
Yamagishi, A.5
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47
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0032722129
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Differential enumeration and in situ localization of microorganisms in the hindgut of the lower termite Mastotermes darwiniensis by hybridization with rRNA-targeted probes
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The first in situ localization of microbial symbionts in different fractions (wall, lumen, and flagellate) of different termite hindgut compartments using FISH with labeled rRNA probes. This study emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach for study of the termite gut ecosystem involving localization and enumeration of microbial symbionts relative to the gut environment.
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Berchtold M., Chatzinotas A., Schönhuber W., Brune A., Amann R., Hahn D., König H. Differential enumeration and in situ localization of microorganisms in the hindgut of the lower termite Mastotermes darwiniensis by hybridization with rRNA-targeted probes. Arch Microbiol. 172:1999;407-416. The first in situ localization of microbial symbionts in different fractions (wall, lumen, and flagellate) of different termite hindgut compartments using FISH with labeled rRNA probes. This study emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach for study of the termite gut ecosystem involving localization and enumeration of microbial symbionts relative to the gut environment.
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(1999)
Arch Microbiol
, vol.172
, pp. 407-416
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Berchtold, M.1
Chatzinotas, A.2
Schönhuber, W.3
Brune, A.4
Amann, R.5
Hahn, D.6
König, H.7
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48
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0032986854
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Bacterial adhesion to different termite flagellates: Ultrastructural and functional evidence for distinct molecular attachment modes
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Radek R., Tischendorf G. Bacterial adhesion to different termite flagellates: ultrastructural and functional evidence for distinct molecular attachment modes. Protoplasma. 207:1999;43-53.
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Radek, R.1
Tischendorf, G.2
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49
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0344299237
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Rapid isolation of single microbial cells from mixed natural and laboratory populations with the aid of a micromanipulator
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A micromanipulator-aided microcapillary allows the retrieval of single-cell clones from environmental samples. Even microorganisms that are hard to isolate may be brought into in pure culture or at least identified by molecular analysis, such as single-cell PCR. A valuable tool for termite gut microbiology since it will facilitate characterization of the flagellate-associated symbionts.
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Fröhlich J., König H. Rapid isolation of single microbial cells from mixed natural and laboratory populations with the aid of a micromanipulator. System Appl Microbiol. 22:1999;249-257. A micromanipulator-aided microcapillary allows the retrieval of single-cell clones from environmental samples. Even microorganisms that are hard to isolate may be brought into in pure culture or at least identified by molecular analysis, such as single-cell PCR. A valuable tool for termite gut microbiology since it will facilitate characterization of the flagellate-associated symbionts.
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(1999)
System Appl Microbiol
, vol.22
, pp. 249-257
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Fröhlich, J.1
König, H.2
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50
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0029765445
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Diversity of nitrogen-fixation genes in the symbiotic intestinal microflora of the termite Reticulitermes speratus
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Ohkuma M., Kudo T. Diversity of nitrogen-fixation genes in the symbiotic intestinal microflora of the termite Reticulitermes speratus. Appl Environ Microbiol. 62:1996;2747-2752.
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Appl Environ Microbiol
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Ohkuma, M.1
Kudo, T.2
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51
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0032748070
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Phylogenetic diversity of nitrogen fixation genes in the symbiotic microbial community in the gut of diverse termites
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The nifH sequences formed several distinct phylogenetic clusters, some of them unique to termites, which differed among termites from different families. The results indicate that each of the termite species investigated harbors diverse potentially diazotrophic microbial populations.
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Ohkuma M., Noda S., Kudo T. Phylogenetic diversity of nitrogen fixation genes in the symbiotic microbial community in the gut of diverse termites. Appl Environ Microbiol. 65:1999;4926-4934. The nifH sequences formed several distinct phylogenetic clusters, some of them unique to termites, which differed among termites from different families. The results indicate that each of the termite species investigated harbors diverse potentially diazotrophic microbial populations.
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(1999)
Appl Environ Microbiol
, vol.65
, pp. 4926-4934
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Ohkuma, M.1
Noda, S.2
Kudo, T.3
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52
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0031646944
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Seasonal patterns of nitrogen fixation in termites
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Curtis A.D., Waller D.A. Seasonal patterns of nitrogen fixation in termites. Funct Ecol. 12:1998;803-807.
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Funct Ecol
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Curtis, A.D.1
Waller, D.A.2
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53
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0032755033
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Culture-independent characterization of a gene responsible for nitrogen fixation in the symbiotic microbial community in the gut of the termite Neotermes koshunensis
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An expression study of the nitrogen fixation gene nifH demonstrating an important concept of molecular microbial ecology: the mere presence of a gene in an environmental sample does not allow the conclusion that the gene is actually expressed (and that there is a metabolically active product).
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Noda S., Ohkuma M., Usami R., Horikoshi K., Kudo T. Culture-independent characterization of a gene responsible for nitrogen fixation in the symbiotic microbial community in the gut of the termite Neotermes koshunensis. Appl Environ Microbiol. 65:1999;4935-4942. An expression study of the nitrogen fixation gene nifH demonstrating an important concept of molecular microbial ecology: the mere presence of a gene in an environmental sample does not allow the conclusion that the gene is actually expressed (and that there is a metabolically active product).
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(1999)
Appl Environ Microbiol
, vol.65
, pp. 4935-4942
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Noda, S.1
Ohkuma, M.2
Usami, R.3
Horikoshi, K.4
Kudo, T.5
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54
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0032082492
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In situ methods for assessment of microorganisms and their activities
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A current overview of the state-of-the-art FISH and microsensor techniques and examples of their application.
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Amann R., Kühl M. In situ methods for assessment of microorganisms and their activities. Curr Opin Microbiol. 1:1998;352-358. A current overview of the state-of-the-art FISH and microsensor techniques and examples of their application.
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Curr Opin Microbiol
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Amann, R.1
Kühl, M.2
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55
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0032986790
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Combination of fluorescent in situ hybridization and microautoradiography - A new tool for structure-function analyses in microbial ecology
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A novel and promising microscopy method that allows the in situ identification of individual microbial cells simultaneously to the determination of a specific substrate uptake. The approach consists of a combination of microautoradiography and FISH with rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes and allows direct conclusions regarding specific metabolic activities of individual cells.
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Lee N., Nielsen P.H., Andreasen K.H., Juretschko S., Nielsen J.L., Schleifer K.H., Wagner M. Combination of fluorescent in situ hybridization and microautoradiography - a new tool for structure-function analyses in microbial ecology. Appl Environ Microbiol. 65:1999;1289-1297. A novel and promising microscopy method that allows the in situ identification of individual microbial cells simultaneously to the determination of a specific substrate uptake. The approach consists of a combination of microautoradiography and FISH with rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes and allows direct conclusions regarding specific metabolic activities of individual cells.
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(1999)
Appl Environ Microbiol
, vol.65
, pp. 1289-1297
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Lee, N.1
Nielsen, P.H.2
Andreasen, K.H.3
Juretschko, S.4
Nielsen, J.L.5
Schleifer, K.H.6
Wagner, M.7
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56
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0342813011
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In situ reverse transcription, an approach to characterize genetic diversity and activities of prokaryotes
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Chen F., González J.M., Dustman W.A., Moran M.A., Hodson R.E. In situ reverse transcription, an approach to characterize genetic diversity and activities of prokaryotes. Appl Environ Microbiol. 63:1997;4907-4913.
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Appl Environ Microbiol
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Chen, F.1
González, J.M.2
Dustman, W.A.3
Moran, M.A.4
Hodson, R.E.5
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