메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 241-246

Prevention of infectious disease by neonatal and early infantile immunization: Prospects for the new millennium

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BCG VACCINE; GAMMA INTERFERON; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOLOGICAL ADJUVANT; INTERLEUKIN 12; MEASLES VACCINE; VACCINE;

EID: 0034041884     PISSN: 09517375     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00001432-200006000-00007     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (24)

References (46)
  • 1
    • 0032960313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poliomyelitis as a paradigm for investment in and success of vaccination programs
    • 1 Ogra PL. Poliomyelitis as a paradigm for investment in and success of vaccination programs. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999; 16:10-15.
    • (1999) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.16 , pp. 10-15
    • Ogra, P.L.1
  • 2
    • 0032826343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conclusions from the WHO multicenter study of serious infections in young infants
    • 2 The WHO Young Infant Study Group. Conclusions from the WHO multicenter study of serious infections in young infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999; 18(suppl 10):S32-S34.
    • (1999) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.18 , Issue.SUPPL. 10
  • 3
    • 0032147061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infectious disease in early life in industrialised countries
    • 3 Wright PF, Wright PF. Infectious disease in early life in industrialised countries. Vaccine 1998; 16:1355-1359.
    • (1998) Vaccine , vol.16 , pp. 1355-1359
    • Wright, P.F.1    Wright, P.F.2
  • 4
    • 0030729510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Science, medicine, and the future: Vaccines and vaccination
    • 4 Lambert PH, Siegrist C-A. Science, medicine, and the future: vaccines and vaccination. Br Med J 1997; 315:1595-1598.
    • (1997) Br Med J , vol.315 , pp. 1595-1598
    • Lambert, P.H.1    Siegrist, C.-A.2
  • 5
    • 0033529658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune response to revaccination with meningococcal A and C polysaccharides in Gambian children following repeated immunisation during early childhood
    • 5 McLennan J, Obaro S, Deeks J, Williams D, Pais L, Carlone G, et al. Immune response to revaccination with meningococcal A and C polysaccharides in Gambian children following repeated immunisation during early childhood. Vaccine 1999; 17:3086-3093.
    • (1999) Vaccine , vol.17 , pp. 3086-3093
    • McLennan, J.1    Obaro, S.2    Deeks, J.3    Williams, D.4    Pais, L.5    Carlone, G.6
  • 6
    • 0032928471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal immunization of baboons induces a fetal-specific antibody response
    • Although foetal vaccination is unlikely to take off in humans, this study demonstrates the early age at which the developing immune system is able to mount a specific immune response to a foreign antigen, without the development of tolerance
    • 6 Watts AM, Stanley JR, Shearer MH, Hefty PS, Kennedy RC. Fetal immunization of baboons induces a fetal-specific antibody response. Nature Med 1999; 5:427-430. Although foetal vaccination is unlikely to take off in humans, this study demonstrates the early age at which the developing immune system is able to mount a specific immune response to a foreign antigen, without the development of tolerance.
    • (1999) Nature Med , vol.5 , pp. 427-430
    • Watts, A.M.1    Stanley, J.R.2    Shearer, M.H.3    Hefty, P.S.4    Kennedy, R.C.5
  • 7
    • 0032511405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deficiency of the humoral immune response to measles vaccine in infants immunized at 6 months of age
    • 7 Gans HA, Arvin AM, Galinus J, Logan L, DeHovitz R, Maldonado Y. Deficiency of the humoral immune response to measles vaccine in infants immunized at 6 months of age. JAMA 1998; 280:527-532.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.280 , pp. 527-532
    • Gans, H.A.1    Arvin, A.M.2    Galinus, J.3    Logan, L.4    DeHovitz, R.5    Maldonado, Y.6
  • 8
    • 0034110206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaccination in the neonatal period and early infancy
    • A well-written, state-of-the-art review of the subject is presented
    • 8 Siegrist CA. Vaccination in the neonatal period and early infancy. Int Immunol Rev 2000; 19:196-219. A well-written, state-of-the-art review of the subject is presented.
    • (2000) Int Immunol Rev , vol.19 , pp. 196-219
    • Siegrist, C.A.1
  • 9
    • 0032926283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poor serologic responses five to seven years after immunization with high and standard titer measles vaccines
    • 9 Whittle H, Aaby P, Samb B, Cisse B, Kanteh F, Soumare M, et al. Poor serologic responses five to seven years after immunization with high and standard titer measles vaccines. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999; 18:53-57.
    • (1999) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.18 , pp. 53-57
    • Whittle, H.1    Aaby, P.2    Samb, B.3    Cisse, B.4    Kanteh, F.5    Soumare, M.6
  • 10
    • 0033537354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of subclinical infection on maintaining immunity against measles in vaccinated children in West Africa
    • Measles is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Aaby and Whittle have contributed significantly to our understanding of immune responses to measles (both vaccination and natural infection), and this paper highlights the importance of exposure to natural infection in the maintenance of measles immunity
    • 10 Whittle HC, Aaby P, Samb B, Jensen H, Bennett J, Simondon F. Effect of subclinical infection on maintaining immunity against measles in vaccinated children in West Africa. Lancet 1999; 353:98-102. Measles is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Aaby and Whittle have contributed significantly to our understanding of immune responses to measles (both vaccination and natural infection), and this paper highlights the importance of exposure to natural infection in the maintenance of measles immunity.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 98-102
    • Whittle, H.C.1    Aaby, P.2    Samb, B.3    Jensen, H.4    Bennett, J.5    Simondon, F.6
  • 11
    • 0029902003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal and early life immune reponses to various forms of vaccine antigens qualitatively differ from adult responses: Predominance of a Th2-biased pattern which persists after adult boosting
    • 11 Barrios C, Brawand P, Berney M, Brandt C, Lambert PH, Siegrist CA. Neonatal and early life immune reponses to various forms of vaccine antigens qualitatively differ from adult responses: predominance of a Th2-biased pattern which persists after adult boosting. Eur J Imunol 1996; 26:1489-1496.
    • (1996) Eur J Imunol , vol.26 , pp. 1489-1496
    • Barrios, C.1    Brawand, P.2    Berney, M.3    Brandt, C.4    Lambert, P.H.5    Siegrist, C.A.6
  • 13
    • 0029991928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal tolerance revisited: Turning on newborn T cells with dendritic cells
    • 13 Ridge JP, Fuchs EJ, Matzinger P. Neonatal tolerance revisited: turning on newborn T cells with dendritic cells. Science 1996; 271:1723-1726.
    • (1996) Science , vol.271 , pp. 1723-1726
    • Ridge, J.P.1    Fuchs, E.J.2    Matzinger, P.3
  • 15
    • 0033566736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Newborns develop a Th1-type immune response to Mycobactarium bovis baccilus Calmette-Guerin vaccination
    • This paper demonstrates for the first time that human newborns, contrary to extrapolations from murine data, make strong Th1 responses to BCG vaccination that are still detectable at 1 year of age, suggesting immunological memory is also induced. This study also demonstrates that BCG may be a useful Th1-inducing adjuvant in newborns
    • 15 Marchant A, Goetghebuer T, Ota MO, Wolfe I, Ceesay SJ, De Groote D, et al. Newborns develop a Th1-type immune response to Mycobactarium bovis baccilus Calmette-Guerin vaccination. J Immunol 1999; 163:2249-2255. This paper demonstrates for the first time that human newborns, contrary to extrapolations from murine data, make strong Th1 responses to BCG vaccination that are still detectable at 1 year of age, suggesting immunological memory is also induced. This study also demonstrates that BCG may be a useful Th1-inducing adjuvant in newborns.
    • (1999) J Immunol , vol.163 , pp. 2249-2255
    • Marchant, A.1    Goetghebuer, T.2    Ota, M.O.3    Wolfe, I.4    Ceesay, S.J.5    De Groote, D.6
  • 16
    • 0033152035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Helminth-and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-induced immunity in children sensitized in utero to filariasis and schistosomiasis
    • 16 Malhotra I, Mungai P, Wamachi A, Kioko J, Ouma JH, Kazura JW, King CL. Helminth-and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-induced immunity in children sensitized in utero to filariasis and schistosomiasis. J Immunol 1999; 162:6843-6848.
    • (1999) J Immunol , vol.162 , pp. 6843-6848
    • Malhotra, I.1    Mungai, P.2    Wamachi, A.3    Kioko, J.4    Ouma, J.H.5    Kazura, J.W.6    King, C.L.7
  • 17
    • 0033136280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Il-12, IFN-γ and T cell proliferation to measles in immunized infants
    • This study also demonstrates that interferon-γ induction by measles antigen after vaccination in infants is similar to that seen in adults. However, of significance, given its central role in Th-cell differentiation, is that interleukin-12 upregulation of this response was reduced in infants
    • 17 Gans HA, Maldonado Y, Yasukawa LL, Beeler J, Audet S, Rinki MM, et al. IL-12, IFN-γ and T cell proliferation to measles in immunized infants. J Immunol 1999; 162:5569-5575. This study also demonstrates that interferon-γ induction by measles antigen after vaccination in infants is similar to that seen in adults. However, of significance, given its central role in Th-cell differentiation, is that interleukin-12 upregulation of this response was reduced in infants.
    • (1999) J Immunol , vol.162 , pp. 5569-5575
    • Gans, H.A.1    Maldonado, Y.2    Yasukawa, L.L.3    Beeler, J.4    Audet, S.5    Rinki, M.M.6
  • 18
    • 0032440037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ex vivo analysis of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to measles antigens during infection and after vaccination in Gambian children
    • In this study, CTL responses to measles fusion protein, haemagglutinin and nucleoprotein antigens during natural measles infection were compared with those induced by vaccination. Measles vaccination at age 9 months induced CTL responses of a similar magnitude to those induced by natural infection. This data supports the development of subunit vaccines based on these proteins that may be more effective earlier in life
    • 18 Jaye A, Magnusen AF, Sadiq AD, Corrah T, Whittle HC. Ex vivo analysis of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to measles antigens during infection and after vaccination in Gambian children. J Clin Invest 1998; 102:1969-1977. In this study, CTL responses to measles fusion protein, haemagglutinin and nucleoprotein antigens during natural measles infection were compared with those induced by vaccination. Measles vaccination at age 9 months induced CTL responses of a similar magnitude to those induced by natural infection. This data supports the development of subunit vaccines based on these proteins that may be more effective earlier in life.
    • (1998) J Clin Invest , vol.102 , pp. 1969-1977
    • Jaye, A.1    Magnusen, A.F.2    Sadiq, A.D.3    Corrah, T.4    Whittle, H.C.5
  • 19
    • 0033166040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T-cell function in newborn mice and humans
    • 19 Adkins B. T-cell function in newborn mice and humans. Immunol Today 1999; 20:330-335.
    • (1999) Immunol Today , vol.20 , pp. 330-335
    • Adkins, B.1
  • 20
    • 0017185310 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of maternal antibody deficiency with susceptibility to neonatal group B streptococcal infection
    • 20 Baker CJ, Kasper DL. Correlation of maternal antibody deficiency with susceptibility to neonatal group B streptococcal infection. N Engl J Med 1976; 294:753-756.
    • (1976) N Engl J Med , vol.294 , pp. 753-756
    • Baker, C.J.1    Kasper, D.L.2
  • 21
    • 0013981320 scopus 로고
    • The use of tetanus toxoid for the prevention of tetanus neonatorum: Final report of a double-blind controlled field trial
    • 21 Newell KW, Lehmann AD, Leblanc DR, Osorio NG. The use of tetanus toxoid for the prevention of tetanus neonatorum: final report of a double-blind controlled field trial. Bull World Health Organ 1966; 35:863-871.
    • (1966) Bull World Health Organ , vol.35 , pp. 863-871
    • Newell, K.W.1    Lehmann, A.D.2    Leblanc, D.R.3    Osorio, N.G.4
  • 22
    • 0032147223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal immunization for the prevention of bacterial infection in young infants
    • 22 Mulholland K. Maternal immunization for the prevention of bacterial infection in young infants. Vaccine 1998; 16:1464-1467.
    • (1998) Vaccine , vol.16 , pp. 1464-1467
    • Mulholland, K.1
  • 23
    • 0032147233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal immunization against viral disease
    • 23 Englund J, Glezen WP, Piedra PA. Maternal immunization against viral disease. Vaccine 1998; 16:1456-1463.
    • (1998) Vaccine , vol.16 , pp. 1456-1463
    • Englund, J.1    Glezen, W.P.2    Piedra, P.A.3
  • 24
    • 0031768411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of maternal antibodies on vaccine responses: Inhibition of antibody but not T cell responses allows successful early prime-boost strategies in mice
    • The presence of maternal antibodies hinders the induction of protective immune responses in young infants. As this study shows, however, there are strategies under development that can effectively circumvent this problem
    • 24 Siegrist CA, Barrios C, Martinez X, Brandt C, Berney M, Cordova M, et al. Influence of maternal antibodies on vaccine responses: inhibition of antibody but not T cell responses allows successful early prime-boost strategies in mice. Eur J Immunol 1998; 28:4138-4148. The presence of maternal antibodies hinders the induction of protective immune responses in young infants. As this study shows, however, there are strategies under development that can effectively circumvent this problem.
    • (1998) Eur J Immunol , vol.28 , pp. 4138-4148
    • Siegrist, C.A.1    Barrios, C.2    Martinez, X.3    Brandt, C.4    Berney, M.5    Cordova, M.6
  • 25
    • 0032147238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaccine strategies to overcome maternal antibody mediated inhibition of measles vaccines
    • 25 Osterhaus A, van Amerongen G, van Binnendijk R. Vaccine strategies to overcome maternal antibody mediated inhibition of measles vaccines. Vaccine 1998; 18:1479-1481.
    • (1998) Vaccine , vol.18 , pp. 1479-1481
    • Osterhaus, A.1    Van Amerongen, G.2    Van Binnendijk, R.3
  • 26
    • 0032147056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early immunization with conjugate vaccines
    • 26 Eskola J, Kayhty H. Early immunization with conjugate vaccines. Vaccine 1998; 16:1433-1438.
    • (1998) Vaccine , vol.16 , pp. 1433-1438
    • Eskola, J.1    Kayhty, H.2
  • 27
    • 8244243231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of Haemophilus influenzas type-b tetanus protein conjugate vaccine for prevention of pneumonia and meningitis in Gambian infants
    • 27 Mulholland K, Hilton S, Adegbola R, Usen S, Oparaugo A, Weber M, et al. Randomised trial of Haemophilus influenzas type-b tetanus protein conjugate vaccine for prevention of pneumonia and meningitis in Gambian infants. Lancet 1997; 349:1191-1197.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 1191-1197
    • Mulholland, K.1    Hilton, S.2    Adegbola, R.3    Usen, S.4    Oparaugo, A.5    Weber, M.6
  • 28
    • 0033604064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haemophilus inffuenzae type b meningitis in the Gambia after introduction of a conjugate vaccine
    • That a conjugated Hib vaccine can prevent serious infection in young infants in a controlled trial situation, with the associated high quality surveillance, vaccine storage and delivery, was clearly demonstrated by Mulholland et al. [26]. As a result, Hib vaccination was introduced into The Gambian Government vaccination programme, and has led to a gratifying reduction in disease
    • 28 Adegbola RA, Usen SO, Weber M, Lloyd-Evans N, Jobe K, Mulholland K, et al. Haemophilus inffuenzae type b meningitis in The Gambia after introduction of a conjugate vaccine. Lancet 1999; 354:1091-1092. That a conjugated Hib vaccine can prevent serious infection in young infants in a controlled trial situation, with the associated high quality surveillance, vaccine storage and delivery, was clearly demonstrated by Mulholland et al. [26]. As a result, Hib vaccination was introduced into The Gambian Government vaccination programme, and has led to a gratifying reduction in disease.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 1091-1092
    • Adegbola, R.A.1    Usen, S.O.2    Weber, M.3    Lloyd-Evans, N.4    Jobe, K.5    Mulholland, K.6
  • 29
    • 0033001598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines
    • 29 Eskola J, Anttila M. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999; 18:543-661.
    • (1999) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.18 , pp. 543-661
    • Eskola, J.1    Anttila, M.2
  • 30
    • 0029066539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal immunization: Response to Haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine
    • 30 Kurikka S, Kayhty H, Peltola H, Saarinen L, Eskola J, Makela PH. Neonatal immunization: response to Haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine. Paediatrics 1996; 95:815-832.
    • (1996) Paediatrics , vol.95 , pp. 815-832
    • Kurikka, S.1    Kayhty, H.2    Peltola, H.3    Saarinen, L.4    Eskola, J.5    Makela, P.H.6
  • 31
    • 0032738026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in vaccine adjuvants
    • A well written up-to-date review of the various vaccine adjuvants currently under evaluation is presented
    • 31 Singh M, O'Hagan D. Advances in vaccine adjuvants. Nature Biotechnol 1999; 17:1075-1081. A well written up-to-date review of the various vaccine adjuvants currently under evaluation is presented.
    • (1999) Nature Biotechnol , vol.17 , pp. 1075-1081
    • Singh, M.1    O'Hagan, D.2
  • 32
    • 0033082499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CpG oligodeoxynucleotides can circumvent the Th2 polarization of neonatal responses to vaccines but may fail to redirect Th2 responses established by neonatal priming
    • 32 Kovarik J, Bozzotti P, Love-Homan L, Pihlgren M, Davis HL, Lambert PH, et al. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides can circumvent the Th2 polarization of neonatal responses to vaccines but may fail to redirect Th2 responses established by neonatal priming. J Immunol 1999; 162:1611-1617.
    • (1999) J Immunol , vol.162 , pp. 1611-1617
    • Kovarik, J.1    Bozzotti, P.2    Love-Homan, L.3    Pihlgren, M.4    Davis, H.L.5    Lambert, P.H.6
  • 33
    • 0032991675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective efficacy against respiratory syncytial virus following murine neonatal immunization with BBG2Na vaccine: Infuence of adjuvants and maternal antibodies
    • 33 Siegrist CA, Plotnicky-Gilquin H, Cordova M, Berney M, Bonnefoy JY, Nguyen TN, et al. Protective efficacy against respiratory syncytial virus following murine neonatal immunization with BBG2Na vaccine: infuence of adjuvants and maternal antibodies. J Infect Dis 1999; 179:1326-1333.
    • (1999) J Infect Dis , vol.179 , pp. 1326-1333
    • Siegrist, C.A.1    Plotnicky-Gilquin, H.2    Cordova, M.3    Berney, M.4    Bonnefoy, J.Y.5    Nguyen, T.N.6
  • 34
    • 0029670540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of Th1 and Th2 immunity in neonatal mice
    • 34 Forsthuber T, Yip HC, Lehmann PV. Induction of Th1 and Th2 immunity in neonatal mice. Science 1996; 271:1728-1730.
    • (1996) Science , vol.271 , pp. 1728-1730
    • Forsthuber, T.1    Yip, H.C.2    Lehmann, P.V.3
  • 36
    • 0032748077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure and mucosal adjuvanticity of cholera and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxins
    • 36 Rappuoli R, Pizza M, Douce G, Dougan G. Structure and mucosal adjuvanticity of cholera and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxins. Immunol Today 1999; 20:493-500.
    • (1999) Immunol Today , vol.20 , pp. 493-500
    • Rappuoli, R.1    Pizza, M.2    Douce, G.3    Dougan, G.4
  • 37
    • 0032499485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimism over vaccines administered vis mucosal route
    • 37 Levine MM, Dougan G. Optimism over vaccines administered vis mucosal route. Lancet 1998; 351:1376-1378.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 1376-1378
    • Levine, M.M.1    Dougan, G.2
  • 39
    • 0033120558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with the development of neonatal tolerance after the administration of a plasmid DNA vaccine
    • 39 Ichino M, Mor G, Conover J, Weist WR, Takeno M, Ishii KJ, Klinman DM. Factors associated with the development of neonatal tolerance after the administration of a plasmid DNA vaccine. J Immunol 1999; 162:3814-3818.
    • (1999) J Immunol , vol.162 , pp. 3814-3818
    • Ichino, M.1    Mor, G.2    Conover, J.3    Weist, W.R.4    Takeno, M.5    Ishii, K.J.6    Klinman, D.M.7
  • 40
    • 0030786390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA immunization circumvents deficient induction of helper type 1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in neonates and during early life
    • 40 Martinez X, Brandt C, Saddalah F, Tougne C, Barrios C, Wild F, et al. DNA immunization circumvents deficient induction of helper type 1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in neonates and during early life. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94:8726-8731.
    • (1997) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.94 , pp. 8726-8731
    • Martinez, X.1    Brandt, C.2    Saddalah, F.3    Tougne, C.4    Barrios, C.5    Wild, F.6
  • 41
    • 0032824539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combining DNA and protein vaccines for early life immunization against respiratory syncytial virus in mice
    • This report demonstrates the power of DNA vaccination to induce cell-mediated immunity in neonates, especially when a combination of vaccination stragies is adopted
    • 41 Martinez X, Li X, Kovarik J, Klein M, Lambert PH, Siegrist CA. Combining DNA and protein vaccines for early life immunization against respiratory syncytial virus in mice. Eur J Immunol 1999; 29:3390-3400. This report demonstrates the power of DNA vaccination to induce cell-mediated immunity in neonates, especially when a combination of vaccination stragies is adopted.
    • (1999) Eur J Immunol , vol.29 , pp. 3390-3400
    • Martinez, X.1    Li, X.2    Kovarik, J.3    Klein, M.4    Lambert, P.H.5    Siegrist, C.A.6
  • 42
    • 0032147134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA immunization of infants: Potential and limitations
    • 42 Butts C, Zubkoff I, Robbins DS, Cao S, Sarzotti M. DNA immunization of infants: potential and limitations. Vaccine 1998; 16:1444-1449.
    • (1998) Vaccine , vol.16 , pp. 1444-1449
    • Butts, C.1    Zubkoff, I.2    Robbins, D.S.3    Cao, S.4    Sarzotti, M.5
  • 43
    • 0032815843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective induction of simian immunodeficiency virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in macaques by using a multiepitope gene and DNA primemodified vaccinia virus Ankara boost vaccination regimen
    • 43 Hanke T, Samuel RV, Blanchard TJ, Neumann VC, Allen TM, Boyson JE, et al. Effective induction of simian immunodeficiency virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in macaques by using a multiepitope gene and DNA primemodified vaccinia virus Ankara boost vaccination regimen. J Virol 1999; 73:7524-7532.
    • (1999) J Virol , vol.73 , pp. 7524-7532
    • Hanke, T.1    Samuel, R.V.2    Blanchard, T.J.3    Neumann, V.C.4    Allen, T.M.5    Boyson, J.E.6
  • 44
    • 0031671975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cocktail of Mycobacterium bovis BCG recombinants expressing the SIV Nef, Env, and Gag antigens induces antibody and cytotoxic responses in mice vaccinated by different mucosal routes
    • 44 Lagranderie M, Winter N, Balazuc AM, Gicquel B, Gheorghiu M. A cocktail of Mycobacterium bovis BCG recombinants expressing the SIV Nef, Env, and Gag antigens induces antibody and cytotoxic responses in mice vaccinated by different mucosal routes. AIDS Res Hum Retrovir 1998; 14:1625-1633.
    • (1998) AIDS Res Hum Retrovir , vol.14 , pp. 1625-1633
    • Lagranderie, M.1    Winter, N.2    Balazuc, A.M.3    Gicquel, B.4    Gheorghiu, M.5
  • 46
    • 0033082546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mucosai DNA vaccine immunization against measles with a highly attenuated Shigella flexneri vector
    • 46 Fennelly GJ, Khan SA, Abadi MA, Wild TF, Bloom BR. Mucosai DNA vaccine immunization against measles with a highly attenuated Shigella flexneri vector. J Immunol 1999; 162:1603-1610.
    • (1999) J Immunol , vol.162 , pp. 1603-1610
    • Fennelly, G.J.1    Khan, S.A.2    Abadi, MA.3    Wild, T.F.4    Bloom, B.R.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.