Diagnosis and treatment of nicotine dependence with emphasis on nicotine replacement therapy: A status report

European Heart Journal

Volumn 21, Issue 6, 2000, Pages 438-445

  Balfour, D ^a   Benowitz, N ^b,c   Fagerstrom K ^d   Kunze, M ^e   Keil, U ^f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE   (United Kingdom)

^b SAN FRANCISCO GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d Fagerström Consulting   (Sweden)

^e UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

^f NONE

Author keywords

Nicotine replacement therapy; Smoking cessation; Tobacco dependence

Indexed keywords

CARBON MONOXIDE; NICOTINE; NICOTINE GUM;

CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECT; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG UPTAKE; HEART DISEASE; HUMAN; NEUROPHARMACOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SMOKING CESSATION; SUBSTITUTION THERAPY; TOBACCO DEPENDENCE;

ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS; CARDIOLOGY; HUMANS; NICOTINE; PRACTICE GUIDELINES; SMOKING CESSATION; TOBACCO USE DISORDER;

EID: 0034000562     PISSN: 0195668X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/euhj.1999.1949     Document Type: Review

References (51)

1. Pyörälä, K, DeBacker, G, Graham, I, Poole-Wilson, P, Wood, D, Prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice. Recommendations of the Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology, European Atherosclerosis Society and European Society of Hypertension, Eur Heart J, 1994, 15, 1300, 31, Atherosclerosis, 1994, 110, 121, 61.
2. Pyörälä, K, DeBacker, G, Graham, I, Poole-Wilson, P, Wood, D, Prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice. Recommendations of the Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology, European Atherosclerosis Society and European Society of Hypertension, Eur Heart J, 1994, 15, 1300, 31, Atherosclerosis, 1994, 110, 121, 61.
3. Eur Heart J. 18:1997;1569-1582.
4. Wood D, De Backer G, Faergeman O, Graham I, Mancia G, Pyörälä K. Prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice. Recommendations of the Second Joint Task Force of European and other societies on Coronary Prevention. Eur Heart J. 19:1998;1434-1503.
5. Peto R, Lopez AD, Boreham J, Thun M, Heath C Jr. Mortality from tobacco in developed countries: indirect estimation from national vital statistics. Lancet. 339:1992;1268-1278.
6. Benowitz NL. Pharmacology of nicotine: addiction and therapeutics. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 36:1996;597-613.
7. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (ICD-10). 1992;World Health Organization, Geneva.
8. Murray RP, Bailey WC, Daniels K. Safety of nicotine polacrilex gum used by 3,094 participants in the Lung Health Study. Lung Health Study Research Group. Chest. 109:1996;438-445.
9. Mahmarian JJ, Moye LA, Nasser GA. Nicotine patch therapy in smoking cessation reduces the extent of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 30:1997;125-130.
10. Benowitz NL, Gourlay SG. Cardiovascular toxicity of nicotine: Implications for nicotine replacement therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 29:1997;1422-1431.
11. Balfour DJ, Fagerström KO. Pharmacology of nicotine and its therapeutic use in smoking cessation and neurodegenerative disorders. Pharmacol Ther. 72:1996;51-81.
12. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 1994;American Psychiatric Association, Washington.
13. Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerström KO. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire. Br J Addict. 86:1991;1119-1127.
14. Kunze U, Schmeiser-Rieder A, Schoberberger R. European Medical Association Smoking or Health (EMASH) - consensus paper. Soz Präventivmed. 43:1998;167-172.
15. Fagerström KO, Schneider NG. Measuring nicotine dependence: a review of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire. J Behav Med. 12:1989;159-182.
16. Wilhelmsen L. Coronary heart disease: Epidemiology of smoking and intervention studies of smoking. Am Heart J. 115:1988;242-249.
17. Rivers JT, White HD, Cross DB, Williams BF, Norris RM. Reinfarction after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction followed by conservative management: Incidence and effect of smoking. J Am Coll Cardiol. 16:1990;340-348.
18. Parrott S, Godfrey C, Raw M, West R, McNeill A. Guidance for commissioners on the cost effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions. The case for smoking cessation. Thorax. 53:1998;S4-S10.
19. Tengs TO, Adams ME, Pilskin JS. Five hundred life saving interventions and their cost effectiveness. Risk Anal. 15:1995;369-390.
20. Fiore, MC, Bailey, WC, Cohen, SJ, Smoking cessation, Rockville, MD, US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 96-0692.
21. Winniford MD, Jansen DE, Reynolds GA, Apprill P, Black WH, Hillis LD. Cigarette smoking-induced coronary vasoconstriction in atherosclerotic coronary artery disease and prevention by calcium antagonists and nitroglycerin. Am J Cardiol. 59:1987;203-207.
22. Zevin S, Jacob P III, Benowitz NL. Dose-related cardiovascular and endocrine effects of transdermal nicotine. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 64:1998;87-95.
23. Burke AP, Farb A, Malcom GT, Liang YH, Smialek J, Virmani R. Coronary risk factors and plaque morphology in men with coronary disease who died suddenly. N Engl J Med. 336:1997;1276-1282.
24. Benowitz NL, Fitzgerald GA, Wilson M, Zhang Q. Nicotine effects on eicosanoid formation and hemostatic function: Comparison of transdermal nicotine and cigarette smoking. J Am Coll Cardiol. 22:1993;1159-1167.
25. Joseph AM, Norman SM, Ferry LH. The safety of transdermal nicotine as an aid to smoking cessation in patients with cardiac disease. N Engl J Med. 335:1996;1792-1798.
26. Clarke PBS. Dopaminergic mechanisms in the locomotor stimulant effects of nicotine. Biochem Pharmacol. 40:1990;1427-1432.
27. Corrigall WA, Coen KM. Nicotine maintains robust self-administration in rats on a limited-access schedule. Psychopharmacology. 99:1989;473-478.
28. Wise RA, Bozarth MA. A psychomotor stimulant theory of drug addiction. Psychol Rev. 94:1987;469-492.
29. Corrigall WA, Franklin KB, Coen KM, Clarke PB. The mesolimbic dopaminergic system is implicated in the reinforcing effects of nicotine. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 107:1992;285-289.
30. Benwell MEM, Balfour DJK. The effects of acute and repeated nicotine treatment on nucleus accumbens dopamine and locomotor activity. Br J Pharmacol. 105:1992;849-856.
31. Kalivas PW, Sorg BA, Hooks MS. The pharmacology and neural circuitry of sensitization to physicostimulants. Behav Pharmacol. 4:1993;315-334.
32. Robinson TE, Berridge KC. The neural basis of drug craving: an incentive sensitization theory of addiction. Brain Res Rev. 18:1993;247-291.
33. Benwell MEM, Balfour DJK, Lucchi HM. Influence of tetrodotoxin and calcium on changes in extracellular dopamine levels evoked by systemic nicotine. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 112:1993;467-474.
34. Schneider NG. Nicotine therapy in smoking cessation: pharmacokinetic considerations. Clin Pharmacokinet. 23:1992;169-172.
35. Benowitz NL, Jacob P, Savanapridi C. Determinants of nicotine intake while chewing nicotine polacrilex gum. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 41:1987;467-473.
36. Benwell MEM, Balfour DJK, Anderson JM. Evidence that smoking increases the density of nicotine binding sites in human brain. J Neurochem. 50:1988;1243-1247.
37. Malin DH, Lake JR, Carter VA. The nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine precipitates nicotine abstinence syndrome in the rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 115:1994;180-184.
38. Hildebrand BE, Nomikos GG, Hertel P, Schilstrom B, Svensson TH. Reduced dopamine output in the nucleus accumbens but not in the medial prefrontal cortex in rats displaying a mecamylamine-precipitated nicotine withdrawal syndrome. Brain Res. 779:1998;214-225.
39. Benwell MEM, Balfour DJK. Effects of nicotine administration and its withdrawal on plasma corticosterone and brain 5-hydroxyindoles. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 63:1979;7-11.
40. Benwell MEM, Balfour DJK. Effects of nicotine administration on the uptake and biosynthesis of 5-HT in rat brain synaptosomes. Eur J Pharmacol. 84:1982;71-77.
41. Benwell MEM, Balfour DJK, Anderson JM. Smoking-associated changes in the serotonergic systems of discrete regions of human brain. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 102:1990;68-72.
42. Deakin JFW, Graeff FG. 5-HT and mechanisms of defence. J Psychopharmacol. M5:1991;305-315.
43. Graeff FG, Giumaraes FS, De Andrade TG, Deakin JF. Role of 5-HT in stress, anxiety and depression. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 5:1996;305-315.
44. 1Areceptors in the median raphe nucleus and dorsal hippocampus may mediate anxiolytic and anxiogenic behaviours respectively. Eur J Pharmacol. 264:1994;259-264.
45. Silagy, C, Mant, D, Fowler, G, Lancaster, T, Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation.
46. Puska P, Korhonen H, Korhonen T, McAlister A. International Quit & Win '96: a global campaign to promote smoking cessation. Tob Control. 5:1996;342.
47. Blöndal T. Controlled trial of nicotine polacrilex gum with supportive measures. Arch Intern Med. 149:1989;1818-1821.
48. Fagerström KO, Schneider NG, Lunell E. Effectiveness of nicotine patch and nicotine gum as individual vs combined treatment for tobacco withdrawal symptoms. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 111:1993;271-277.
49. Jorenby DE, Leischow SJ, Nides MA. A controlled trial of sustained-release bupropion, a nicotine patch, or both for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med. 340:1999;685-691.
50. Jiménez-Ruiz C, Kunze M, Fagerström KO. Nicotine replacement - a new approach to reduce tobacco-related harm. Eur Respir J. 11:1998;473-479.
51. Shiffman S, Gitchell J, Pinney JM, Burton SL, Kemper KE, Lara EA. Public health benefit of over-the-counter nicotine medications. Tob Control. 6:1997;306-310.