메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 33, Issue 2-3, 2000, Pages 380-389

Role of phospholipase A2 on the variations of the choline signal intensity observed by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in brain diseases

Author keywords

Brain disease; Choline; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Metabolism; Phospholipase A2; Phospholipids

Indexed keywords

CHOLINE; GLYCEROPHOSPHORYLCHOLINE; GLYCOPHOSPHOLIPID; MEMBRANE PHOSPHOLIPID; PHOSPHOLIPASE; PHOSPHOLIPASE A2; PHOSPHORYLCHOLINE;

EID: 0033818216     PISSN: 01650173     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0165-0173(00)00037-0     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (79)

References (114)
  • 1
    • 0027515140 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoids inhibit soluble phospholipase C activity and cytosolic guanine nucleotide regulatory protein-alpha i immunoreactivity in spleen
    • Akampong T., Spencer R.L., McEwen B.S. Glucocorticoids inhibit soluble phospholipase C activity and cytosolic guanine nucleotide regulatory protein-alpha i immunoreactivity in spleen. Endocrinology. 133:1993;1963-1970.
    • (1993) Endocrinology , vol.133 , pp. 1963-1970
    • Akampong, T.1    Spencer, R.L.2    McEwen, B.S.3
  • 3
    • 0003054522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Platelet-activating factor and other bioactive lipids
    • M.D. Ginsberg, & J. Bogousslavski. Malden MA: Blackwell Sciences
    • Bazan N.G., Allan G. Platelet-activating factor and other bioactive lipids. Ginsberg M.D., Bogousslavski J. Cerebrovascular Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. 1998;532-555 Blackwell Sciences, Malden MA.
    • (1998) Cerebrovascular Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management , pp. 532-555
    • Bazan, N.G.1    Allan, G.2
  • 4
    • 0029853927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regionally specific pattern of neurochemical pathology in schizophrenia as assessed by multislice proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging
    • Bertolino A., Nawroz S., Mattay V.S., Barnett A.S., Duyn J.H., Moonen C.T., Frank J.A., Tedeschi G., Weinberger D.R. Regionally specific pattern of neurochemical pathology in schizophrenia as assessed by multislice proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. Am. J. Psychiatry. 153:1996;1554-1563.
    • (1996) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.153 , pp. 1554-1563
    • Bertolino, A.1    Nawroz, S.2    Mattay, V.S.3    Barnett, A.S.4    Duyn, J.H.5    Moonen, C.T.6    Frank, J.A.7    Tedeschi, G.8    Weinberger, D.R.9
  • 5
  • 6
    • 0031595057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals osmotic and metabolic disturbances in human hepatic encephalopathy
    • 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals osmotic and metabolic disturbances in human hepatic encephalopathy. J. Neurochem. 71:1998;1564-1576.
    • (1998) J. Neurochem. , vol.71 , pp. 1564-1576
    • Bluml, S.1    Zuckerman, E.2    Tan, J.3    Ross, B.D.4
  • 7
    • 0020559906 scopus 로고
    • Choline and cholinergic neurons
    • Blusztajn J.K., Wurtman R.J. Choline and cholinergic neurons. Science. 221:1983;614-621.
    • (1983) Science , vol.221 , pp. 614-621
    • Blusztajn, J.K.1    Wurtman, R.J.2
  • 12
    • 0028326455 scopus 로고
    • Activation of type D phospholipase by serum stimulation and ras-induced transformation in NIH-3T3 cells
    • Carnero A., Cuadrado A., del Peso L., Lacal J.C. Activation of type D phospholipase by serum stimulation and ras-induced transformation in NIH-3T3 cells. Oncogene. 9:1994;1387-1395.
    • (1994) Oncogene , vol.9 , pp. 1387-1395
    • Carnero, A.1    Cuadrado, A.2    Del Peso, L.3    Lacal, J.C.4
  • 14
    • 0029978560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the normal aging human brain
    • Chang L., Ernst T., Poland R.E., Jenden D.J. In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the normal aging human brain. Life Sci. 58:1996;2049-2056.
    • (1996) Life Sci. , vol.58 , pp. 2049-2056
    • Chang, L.1    Ernst, T.2    Poland, R.E.3    Jenden, D.J.4
  • 17
    • 0027988453 scopus 로고
    • Brain choline in depression: In vivo detection of potential pharmacodynamic effects of antidepressant therapy using hydrogen localized spectroscopy
    • Charles H.C., Lazeyras F., Krishnan K.R., Boyko O.B., Payne M., Moore D. Brain choline in depression: in vivo detection of potential pharmacodynamic effects of antidepressant therapy using hydrogen localized spectroscopy. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry. 18:1994;1121-1127.
    • (1994) Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry , vol.18 , pp. 1121-1127
    • Charles, H.C.1    Lazeyras, F.2    Krishnan, K.R.3    Boyko, O.B.4    Payne, M.5    Moore, D.6
  • 20
    • 0029028972 scopus 로고
    • Decreased brain choline uptake in older adults. An in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
    • Cohen B.M., Renshaw P.F., Stoll A.L., Wurtma R.J., Yurgelun-Todd D., Babb S.M. Decreased brain choline uptake in older adults. An in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 274:1995;902-907.
    • (1995) J. Am. Med. Assoc. , vol.274 , pp. 902-907
    • Cohen, B.M.1    Renshaw, P.F.2    Stoll, A.L.3    Wurtma, R.J.4    Yurgelun-Todd, D.5    Babb, S.M.6
  • 23
    • 0032765606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neither short-term nor long-term administration of oral choline alters metabolite concentrations in human brain
    • Dechent P., Pouwels P.J.W., Frahm J. Neither short-term nor long-term administration of oral choline alters metabolite concentrations in human brain. Biol. Psychiatry. 46:1999;406-411.
    • (1999) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.46 , pp. 406-411
    • Dechent, P.1    Pouwels, P.J.W.2    Frahm, J.3
  • 24
    • 0029036333 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal frontal lobe phosphorous metabolism in bipolar disorder
    • Deicken R.F., Fein G., Weiner M.W. Abnormal frontal lobe phosphorous metabolism in bipolar disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry. 152:1995;915-918.
    • (1995) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.152 , pp. 915-918
    • Deicken, R.F.1    Fein, G.2    Weiner, M.W.3
  • 25
    • 0034125561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced concentrations of thalamic N-acetylaspartate in male patients with schizophrenia
    • Deicken R.F., Johnson C., Eliaz Y., Schuff N. Reduced concentrations of thalamic N-acetylaspartate in male patients with schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry. 157:2000;644-647.
    • (2000) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.157 , pp. 644-647
    • Deicken, R.F.1    Johnson, C.2    Eliaz, Y.3    Schuff, N.4
  • 27
    • 0030614354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 superfamily of signal transduction enzymes
    • 2 superfamily of signal transduction enzymes. Trends Biochem. Sci. 22:1997;1-2.
    • (1997) Trends Biochem. Sci. , vol.22 , pp. 1-2
    • Dennis, E.A.1
  • 32
    • 0027787835 scopus 로고
    • Detection of neutral phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C in Friend leukemia cells before and after erythroid differentiation
    • Ferretti A., Podo F., Carpineli G., Chen L.L., Borghi P., Masella R. Detection of neutral phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C in Friend leukemia cells before and after erythroid differentiation. Anticancer Res. 13:1993;2309-2318.
    • (1993) Anticancer Res. , vol.13 , pp. 2309-2318
    • Ferretti, A.1    Podo, F.2    Carpineli, G.3    Chen, L.L.4    Borghi, P.5    Masella, R.6
  • 35
    • 0003969748 scopus 로고
    • Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • nd edition :1995;283 Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • (1995) nd Edition , pp. 283
    • Gadian, D.G.1
  • 37
    • 0003631853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A.I.M. Glen, M. Peet, & D.F. Horrobin. Carnworth: Marius Press
    • Glen A.I.M., Peet M., Horrobin D.F. Phospholipid Spectrum Disorder in Psychiatry. 1999;340 Marius Press, Carnworth.
    • (1999) Phospholipid Spectrum Disorder in Psychiatry , pp. 340
  • 38
    • 0020093342 scopus 로고
    • 2 activity from the 106,000 X g pellet (microsomal fraction) of bovine brain acting on phosphatidylinositol
    • 2 activity from the 106,000 X g pellet (microsomal fraction) of bovine brain acting on phosphatidylinositol. Can. J. Biochem. 60:1982;108-117.
    • (1982) Can. J. Biochem. , vol.60 , pp. 108-117
    • Gray, N.C.1    Strickland, K.P.2
  • 39
    • 0031935232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the basal ganglia in patients with affective disorders
    • Hamakawa H., Kato T., Murashita J., Kato N. Quantitative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the basal ganglia in patients with affective disorders. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 248:1998;53-58.
    • (1998) Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. , vol.248 , pp. 53-58
    • Hamakawa, H.1    Kato, T.2    Murashita, J.3    Kato, N.4
  • 40
    • 0028952938 scopus 로고
    • Transduction of physical forces by the vascular wall: Role of phospholipase C and cytochrome P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid
    • Harder D.R., Narayanan J., Gebremedhin D., Roman R.J. Transduction of physical forces by the vascular wall: role of phospholipase C and cytochrome P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid. Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 5:1995;7-14.
    • (1995) Trends Cardiovasc. Med. , vol.5 , pp. 7-14
    • Harder, D.R.1    Narayanan, J.2    Gebremedhin, D.3    Roman, R.J.4
  • 47
    • 0026453704 scopus 로고
    • Brain phosphorous metabolism in depressive disorders detected by phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • Kato T., Takahashi S., Shioiri T., Inubushi T. Brain phosphorous metabolism in depressive disorders detected by phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J. Affect. Disord. 26:1992;223-230.
    • (1992) J. Affect. Disord. , vol.26 , pp. 223-230
    • Kato, T.1    Takahashi, S.2    Shioiri, T.3    Inubushi, T.4
  • 48
    • 0030017723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of choline transport and phosphorylation in human breast cancer cells; NMR application of the zero trans method
    • Katz-Brull R., Degani H. Kinetics of choline transport and phosphorylation in human breast cancer cells; NMR application of the zero trans method. Anticancer Res. 16:1996;1375-1380.
    • (1996) Anticancer Res. , vol.16 , pp. 1375-1380
    • Katz-Brull, R.1    Degani, H.2
  • 50
    • 0034678535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recovery of the brain choline level in treated Cushing's patients as monitored by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • Khiat A., Bard C., Lacroix A., Boulanger Y. Recovery of the brain choline level in treated Cushing's patients as monitored by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Brain Res. 862:2000;301-307.
    • (2000) Brain Res. , vol.862 , pp. 301-307
    • Khiat, A.1    Bard, C.2    Lacroix, A.3    Boulanger, Y.4
  • 51
    • 0032849567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain metabolic alterations in Cushing's syndrome as monitored by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • Khiat A., Bard C., Lacroix A., Rousseau J., Boulanger Y. Brain metabolic alterations in Cushing's syndrome as monitored by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NMR Biomed. 12:1999;357-363.
    • (1999) NMR Biomed. , vol.12 , pp. 357-363
    • Khiat, A.1    Bard, C.2    Lacroix, A.3    Rousseau, J.4    Boulanger, Y.5
  • 52
    • 0030663778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 activity of senescence-accelerated mouse is increased in age-dependent manner
    • 2 activity of senescence-accelerated mouse is increased in age-dependent manner. Neurosci. Res. 29:1997;269-272.
    • (1997) Neurosci. Res. , vol.29 , pp. 269-272
    • Kim, S.S.1    Kim, D.K.2    Suh, Y.H.3
  • 54
    • 0023229006 scopus 로고
    • Phosphatidylethanol formation via transphosphatidylation by rat brain phospholipase D
    • Kobayashi M., Kanfer J.N. Phosphatidylethanol formation via transphosphatidylation by rat brain phospholipase D. Neurochemistry. 48:1987;1597-1603.
    • (1987) Neurochemistry , vol.48 , pp. 1597-1603
    • Kobayashi, M.1    Kanfer, J.N.2
  • 56
    • 0026149236 scopus 로고
    • 1H NMR spectroscopy in patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy. Analysis of changes in cerebral glutamine, choline and inositols
    • 1H NMR spectroscopy in patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy. Analysis of changes in cerebral glutamine, choline and inositols. NMR Biomed. 4:1991;109-116.
    • (1991) NMR Biomed. , vol.4 , pp. 109-116
    • Kreis, R.1    Farrow, N.2    Ross, B.D.3
  • 57
    • 0026541298 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic disorders of the brain in chronic hepatic encephalopathy detected with H-1 MR spectroscopy
    • Kreis R., Ross B.D., Farrow N.A., Ackerman Z. Metabolic disorders of the brain in chronic hepatic encephalopathy detected with H-1 MR spectroscopy. Radiology. 182:1992;19-27.
    • (1992) Radiology , vol.182 , pp. 19-27
    • Kreis, R.1    Ross, B.D.2    Farrow, N.A.3    Ackerman, Z.4
  • 58
    • 0030636476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) study in basal ganglia of patients with Parkinson's disease] (article in Japanese)
    • 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) study in basal ganglia of patients with Parkinson's disease] (article in Japanese). Nippon Rinsho. 55:1997;255-261.
    • (1997) Nippon Rinsho , vol.55 , pp. 255-261
    • Kudo, M.1    Mizuno, Y.2    Morita, H.3    Miyazaki, M.4
  • 61
    • 0025367229 scopus 로고
    • Effects of hypernatremia on organic brain osmoles
    • Lien Y.-H.H., Shapiro J.L., Chan L. Effects of hypernatremia on organic brain osmoles. J. Clin. Invest. 85:1990;1427-1435.
    • (1990) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.85 , pp. 1427-1435
    • Lien, Y.-H.H.1    Shapiro, J.L.2    Chan, L.3
  • 62
    • 0027524956 scopus 로고
    • Choline, a precursor of acetylcholine and phospholipids in the brain
    • Löffelholz K., Klein J., Köppen A. Choline, a precursor of acetylcholine and phospholipids in the brain. Prog. Brain Res. 98:1993;197-200.
    • (1993) Prog. Brain Res. , vol.98 , pp. 197-200
    • Löffelholz, K.1    Klein, J.2    Köppen, A.3
  • 63
    • 0028868860 scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: An in vivo method of estimating hippocampal neuronal depletion in schizophrenia
    • Maier M., Ron M.A., Barker G.J., Tofts P.S. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: an in vivo method of estimating hippocampal neuronal depletion in schizophrenia. Psychol. Med. 25:1995;1201-1209.
    • (1995) Psychol. Med. , vol.25 , pp. 1201-1209
    • Maier, M.1    Ron, M.A.2    Barker, G.J.3    Tofts, P.S.4
  • 64
    • 0025800033 scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for metabolic characterization of plaques in multiple sclerosis
    • Matthews P.M., Francis G., Antel J., Arnold D.L. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for metabolic characterization of plaques in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 41:1991;1251-1256.
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , pp. 1251-1256
    • Matthews, P.M.1    Francis, G.2    Antel, J.3    Arnold, D.L.4
  • 66
    • 0026147120 scopus 로고
    • 1H NMR spectroscopy: N-acetyl-L-aspartate, creatine and choline
    • 1H NMR spectroscopy: N-acetyl-L-aspartate, creatine and choline. NMR Biomed. 4:1991;47-52.
    • (1991) NMR Biomed. , vol.4 , pp. 47-52
    • Miller, B.L.1
  • 68
    • 0028244281 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal cerebral metabolite concentrations in patients with probable Alzheimer disease
    • Moats R.A., Ernst T., Shonk T.K., Ross B.D. Abnormal cerebral metabolite concentrations in patients with probable Alzheimer disease. Magn. Reson. Med. 32:1994;110-115.
    • (1994) Magn. Reson. Med. , vol.32 , pp. 110-115
    • Moats, R.A.1    Ernst, T.2    Shonk, T.K.3    Ross, B.D.4
  • 71
    • 0028066620 scopus 로고
    • Pressurization of isolated renal arteries increases inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerol
    • Narayanan J., Imig M., Roman R.J., Harder D.R. Pressurization of isolated renal arteries increases inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerol. Am. J. Physiol. 266:1994;H1840-H1845.
    • (1994) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.266
    • Narayanan, J.1    Imig, M.2    Roman, R.J.3    Harder, D.R.4
  • 73
    • 0025769846 scopus 로고
    • Alterations in brain high-energy phosphate and membrane phospholipid metabolism in first-episode, drug-naive schizophrenics. A pilot study of the dorsal prefrontal cortex by in vivo phosphorus 31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • Pettegrew J.W., Keshavan M.S., Panchalingam K., Strychor S., Kaplan D.B., Tretta M.G., Allen M. Alterations in brain high-energy phosphate and membrane phospholipid metabolism in first-episode, drug-naive schizophrenics. A pilot study of the dorsal prefrontal cortex by in vivo phosphorus 31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 48:1991;563-568.
    • (1991) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.48 , pp. 563-568
    • Pettegrew, J.W.1    Keshavan, M.S.2    Panchalingam, K.3    Strychor, S.4    Kaplan, D.B.5    Tretta, M.G.6    Allen, M.7
  • 76
    • 0032966732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo spectroscopic quantification of the N-acetyl moiety, creatine, and choline from large volumes of brain gray and white matter: Effects of normal aging
    • Pfefferbaum A., Adalsteinsson E., Spielman D., Sullivan E.V., Lim K.O. In vivo spectroscopic quantification of the N-acetyl moiety, creatine, and choline from large volumes of brain gray and white matter: effects of normal aging. Magn. Reson. Med. 41:1999;276-284.
    • (1999) Magn. Reson. Med. , vol.41 , pp. 276-284
    • Pfefferbaum, A.1    Adalsteinsson, E.2    Spielman, D.3    Sullivan, E.V.4    Lim, K.O.5
  • 77
    • 0033371680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumour phospholipid metabolism
    • Podo F. Tumour phospholipid metabolism. NMR Biomed. 12:1999;413-439.
    • (1999) NMR Biomed. , vol.12 , pp. 413-439
    • Podo, F.1
  • 80
    • 0025924314 scopus 로고
    • 2) activity in gerbil brain: Enhanced activities of cytosolic, mitochondrial, and microsomal forms after ischemia and reperfusion
    • 2) activity in gerbil brain: enhanced activities of cytosolic, mitochondrial, and microsomal forms after ischemia and reperfusion. J. Neurosci. 11:1991;1829-1836.
    • (1991) J. Neurosci. , vol.11 , pp. 1829-1836
    • Rordorf, G.1    Uemura, Y.2    Bonventre, J.V.3
  • 82
    • 0028695478 scopus 로고
    • Clinical applications of magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • Ross B., Michaelis T. Clinical applications of magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn. Reson. Q. 10:1994;191-247.
    • (1994) Magn. Reson. Q. , vol.10 , pp. 191-247
    • Ross, B.1    Michaelis, T.2
  • 83
    • 0009743529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: The new gold standard for diagnosis of clinical and subclinical hepatic encephalopathy?
    • Ross B.D., Danielsen E.R., Bluml S. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: the new gold standard for diagnosis of clinical and subclinical hepatic encephalopathy? Dig. Dis. 14:(Suppl. 1):1996;30-39.
    • (1996) Dig. Dis. , vol.14 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 30-39
    • Ross, B.D.1    Danielsen, E.R.2    Bluml, S.3
  • 87
    • 0026567262 scopus 로고
    • Decreased phosphorus metabolite concentrations and alkalosis in chronic cerebral infarction
    • Sappey-Marinier D., Hubesch B., Matson G.B., Weiner M.W. Decreased phosphorus metabolite concentrations and alkalosis in chronic cerebral infarction. Radiology. 182:1992;29-34.
    • (1992) Radiology , vol.182 , pp. 29-34
    • Sappey-Marinier, D.1    Hubesch, B.2    Matson, G.B.3    Weiner, M.W.4
  • 88
    • 0032953642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging of the adult brain: In vivo quantitation of metabolite content with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • Saunders D.E., Howe F.A., van den Boogaart A., Griffiths J.R., Brown M.M. Aging of the adult brain: in vivo quantitation of metabolite content with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 9:1999;711-716.
    • (1999) J. Magn. Reson. Imaging , vol.9 , pp. 711-716
    • Saunders, D.E.1    Howe, F.A.2    Van Den Boogaart, A.3    Griffiths, J.R.4    Brown, M.M.5
  • 90
    • 0032051580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serial precision of metabolite peak area ratios and water referenced metabolite peak areas in proton MR spectroscopy of the human brain
    • Simmons A., Smail M., Moore E., Williams S.C. Serial precision of metabolite peak area ratios and water referenced metabolite peak areas in proton MR spectroscopy of the human brain. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 16:1998;319-330.
    • (1998) Magn. Reson. Imaging , vol.16 , pp. 319-330
    • Simmons, A.1    Smail, M.2    Moore, E.3    Williams, S.C.4
  • 93
    • 0028876832 scopus 로고
    • Choline ingestion increases the resonance of choline-containing compounds in human brain: An in vivo proton magnetic resonance study
    • Stoll A.L., Renshaw P.F., De Micheli E., Wurtman R., Pillay S.S., Cohen B.M. Choline ingestion increases the resonance of choline-containing compounds in human brain: an in vivo proton magnetic resonance study. Biol. Psychiatry. 37:1995;170-174.
    • (1995) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.37 , pp. 170-174
    • Stoll, A.L.1    Renshaw, P.F.2    De Micheli, E.3    Wurtman, R.4    Pillay, S.S.5    Cohen, B.M.6
  • 94
    • 0032777495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macrophage responses to Toxoplasma antigens in vitro: A possible role in inflammatory lesions in toxoplasmosis
    • Tackey R.N., Kassim O.O. Macrophage responses to Toxoplasma antigens in vitro: a possible role in inflammatory lesions in toxoplasmosis. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 61:1999;272-279.
    • (1999) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.61 , pp. 272-279
    • Tackey, R.N.1    Kassim, O.O.2
  • 95
    • 0031862365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of effect of oral choline supplement on the concentrations of choline metabolites in human brain
    • Tan J., Bluml S., Hoang T., Dubowitz D., Mevenkamp G., Ross B. Lack of effect of oral choline supplement on the concentrations of choline metabolites in human brain. Magn. Reson. Med. 39:1998;1005-1010.
    • (1998) Magn. Reson. Med. , vol.39 , pp. 1005-1010
    • Tan, J.1    Bluml, S.2    Hoang, T.3    Dubowitz, D.4    Mevenkamp, G.5    Ross, B.6
  • 96
    • 0032882570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral proton and phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with subclinical hepatic encephalopathy
    • Taylor-Robinson S.D., Buckley C., Changani K.K., Hodgson H.J., Bell J.D. Cerebral proton and phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with subclinical hepatic encephalopathy. Liver. 19:1999;389-398.
    • (1999) Liver , vol.19 , pp. 389-398
    • Taylor-Robinson, S.D.1    Buckley, C.2    Changani, K.K.3    Hodgson, H.J.4    Bell, J.D.5
  • 98
    • 0028650343 scopus 로고
    • Regional variations in cerebral proton spectroscopy in patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy
    • Taylor-Robinson S.D., Sargentoni J., Marcus C.D., Morgan M.Y., Bryant D.J. Regional variations in cerebral proton spectroscopy in patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy. Metab. Brain Dis. 9:1994;347-359.
    • (1994) Metab. Brain Dis. , vol.9 , pp. 347-359
    • Taylor-Robinson, S.D.1    Sargentoni, J.2    Marcus, C.D.3    Morgan, M.Y.4    Bryant, D.J.5
  • 100
    • 0030983951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased choline signal coinciding with malignant degeneration of cerebral gliomas: A serial proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging study
    • Tedeschi G., Lundbom N., Raman R., Bonavita S., Duyn J.H., Alger J.R., Di Chiro G. Increased choline signal coinciding with malignant degeneration of cerebral gliomas: a serial proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging study. J. Neurosurg. 87:1997;516-524.
    • (1997) J. Neurosurg. , vol.87 , pp. 516-524
    • Tedeschi, G.1    Lundbom, N.2    Raman, R.3    Bonavita, S.4    Duyn, J.H.5    Alger, J.R.6    Di Chiro, G.7
  • 102
    • 0013769947 scopus 로고
    • The triphosphoinositide phosphodiesterase of brain tissue
    • Thompson W., Dawson R.M.C. The triphosphoinositide phosphodiesterase of brain tissue. Biochem. J. 91:1964;237-243.
    • (1964) Biochem. J. , vol.91 , pp. 237-243
    • Thompson, W.1    Dawson, R.M.C.2
  • 103
    • 0025195438 scopus 로고
    • 13C nuclear magnetic resonance investigations of choline metabolism in rabbit brain
    • 13C nuclear magnetic resonance investigations of choline metabolism in rabbit brain. Magn. Reson. Med. 13:1990;90-102.
    • (1990) Magn. Reson. Med. , vol.13 , pp. 90-102
    • Tunggal, B.1    Hofmann, K.2    Stoffel, W.3
  • 105
    • 0032726406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • La spectrométrie de résonance magnétique du proton dans l'exploration non invasive du métabolisme cérébral humain: Applications cliniques actuelles et futures
    • Vion-Dury J., Salvan A.-M., Cozzone P.J. La spectrométrie de résonance magnétique du proton dans l'exploration non invasive du métabolisme cérébral humain: applications cliniques actuelles et futures. Prog. Neurol. 155:1999;903-926.
    • (1999) Prog. Neurol. , vol.155 , pp. 903-926
    • Vion-Dury, J.1    Salvan, A.-M.2    Cozzone, P.J.3
  • 109
    • 0000498403 scopus 로고
    • The phospholipases
    • Hanahan D.J. New York: Plenum Press
    • Waite M. The phospholipases. Hanahan D.J. Handbook of Lipid Research. Vol. 5:1987;332 Plenum Press, New York.
    • (1987) Handbook of Lipid Research , vol.5 , pp. 332
    • Waite, M.1
  • 113
    • 0025188002 scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in multiple sclerosis
    • Wolinsky J.S., Narayana P.A., Fenstermacher M.J. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 40:1990;1764-1769.
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , pp. 1764-1769
    • Wolinsky, J.S.1    Narayana, P.A.2    Fenstermacher, M.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.