4 Genetics of Muscle Determination and Development

Current Topics in Developmental Biology

Volumn 48, Issue C, 1999, Pages 129-164

  Arnold, Hans Henning ^a   Braun, Thomas ^a  

^a TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF BRAUNSCHWEIG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENETICS; HUMAN; MORPHOGENESIS; MOUSE; MOUSE MUTANT; PHYSIOLOGY; PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT; REGENERATION; REVIEW; SKELETAL MUSCLE; SOMITE; VERTEBRATE;

ANIMALS; BODY PATTERNING; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HUMANS; MICE; MICE, KNOCKOUT; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; REGENERATION; SOMITES; VERTEBRATES;

EID: 0033628366     PISSN: 00702153     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0070-2153(08)60756-5     Document Type: Article

References (169)

1. Amthor, H., Connolloy, D., Patel, K., Brand-Saberi, B., Wilkinson, D.G., Cooke, J., Christ, B., The expression and regulation of follistatin and a follistatin-like gene during avian somite compartmentalization and myogenesis. Dev. Biol. 178 (1996), 343-362.
2. Aoyama, H., Asamoto, K., Determination of somite cells: Independence of cell differentiation and morphogenesis. Development 104 (1988), 15-28.
3. Araki, I., Saiga, H., Makabe, K.W., Satoh, N., Expression of AMD1, a gene for a MyoD-related factor in the ascidian halocynthia-roretzi. Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 203 (1994), 320-327.
4. Arnold, H.H., Braun, T., The role of Myp-5 in somitogenesis and the development of skeletal muscles in vertebrates. J. Cell Science 104 (1993), 957-960.
5. Arnold, H.H., Braun, T., Targeted inactivation of myogenic factor genes reveals their role during myogenesis: A review. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 40 (1996), 345-363.
6. Asakura, A., Fujisawa-Sehara, A., Komiya, T., Nabeshima, Y., Nabeshima, Y., MyoD and myogenin act on the chicken myosin light-chain 1 gene as distinct transcriptional factors. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13 (1993), 7153-7162.
7. Baylies, M.K., Bate, M., Twist: A myogenic switch in. Drosophila. Science 272 (1996), 1481-1484.
8. Bladt, F., Riethmacher, D., Isenmann, S., Aguzzi, A., Birchmeier, C., Essential role for the c-met receptor in the migration of myogenic precursor cells into the limb bud. Nature 376 (1995), 768-771.
9. Btau, H.M., Chiu, C.P., Webster, C., Cytoplasmic activation of human nuclear genes in stable heterocaryons. Cell 32 (1983), 1171-1180.
10. Bober, E., Lyons, G.E., Braun, T., Cossu, G., Buckingham, M., Arnold, H.H., The muscle regulatory gene, Myf-6, has a biphasic pattern of expression during early mouse development. J. Cell Biol. 113 (1991), 1255-1265.
11. Bober, E., Brand-Saberi, B., Ebensperger, C., Wilting, J., Balling, R., Paterson, B.M., Arnold, H.H., Christ, B., Initial steps of myogenesis in somites are independent of influence from axial structures. Development 120 (1994), 3073-3082.
12. Bober, E., Franz, T., Arnold, H.H., Grass, P., Tremblay, P., Pax-3 is required for the development of limb muscles: A possible role for the migration of deimomyotomal muscle progenitor cells. Development 120 (1994), 603-612.
13. Brand, B., Christ, B., Jacob, H.J., An experimental analysis of the developmental capacities of distal parts of avian leg buds. Am. J. Anat. 173 (1985), 321-340.
14. Brand-Saberi, B., Ebensperger, C., Wilting, J., Balling, R., Christ, B., The ventralizing effect of the notochord on somite differentiation in chick embryos. Anat. Embryol. 188 (1993), 239-245.
15. Brand-Saberi, B., Wilting, J., Ebensperger, C., Christ, B., The formation of somite compartments in the avian embryo. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 40 (1996), 411-420.
16. Brand-Saberi, B., Gamel, A.J., Kxenn, V., Muller, T.S., Wilting, J., Christ, B., N-cadherin is involved in myoblast migration and muscle differentiation in the avian limb bud. Dev. Biol. 178 (1996), 160-173.
17. Brand-Saberi, B., Muller, T.S., Wilting, J., Christ, B., Birchmeier, C., Scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor (SF/HGF) induces emigration of myogenic cells at interlimb level in vivo. Dev. Biol. 179 (1996), 303-308.
18. Braun, T., Arnold, H.H., The four human muscle regulatory helix-loop-helix proteins Myf3—Myf6 exhibit similar hetero-dimerization and DNA binding properties. Nucleic Acids Res. 19 (1991), 5645-5651.
19. Braun, T., Arnold, H.H., Inactivation of Myf-6 and Myf-5 genes in mice leads to alterations in skeletal muscle development. EMBO J. 14 (1995), 1176-1186.
20. Braun, T., Arnold, H.H., Myf-5 and myoD genes are activated in distinct mesenchymal stem cells and determine different skeletal muscle cell lineages. EMBO J. 15 (1996), 310-318.
21. Braun, T., Bober, E., Buschhausen-Denker, G., Kohtz, S., Grzeschik, K.H., Arnold, H.H., Kotz, S., Differential expression of myogenic determination genes in muscle cells: Possible autoactivation by the Myf gene products published erratum appears in EMBO J. (1989) Dec.; 8(13): 4358. EMBO J. 8 (1989), 3617-3625.
22. Braun, T., Buschhausen-Denker, G., Bober, E., Tannich, E., Arnold, H.H., A novel human muscle factor related to but distinct from MyoD1 induces myogenic conversion in 10T½ fibroblasts. EMBO J. 8 (1989), 701-709.
23. Braun, T., Bober, E., Winter, B., Rosenthal, N., Arnold, H.H., Myf-6, a new member of the human gene family of myogenic determination factors: Evidence for a gene cluster on chromosome 12. EMBO J. 9 (1990), 821-831.
24. Braun, T., Winter, B., Bober, E., Arnold, H.H., Transcriptional activation domain of the muscle-specific gene-regulatory protein myf5. Nature 346 (1990), 663-665.
25. Braun, T., Rudnicki, M.A., Arnold, H.H., Jaenisch, R., Targeted inactivation of the muscle regulatory gene Myf-5 results in abnormal rib development and perinatal death. Cell 71 (1992), 369-382.
26. Braun, T., Bober, E., Rudnicki, M.A., Jaenisch, R., Arnold, H.H., MyoD expression marks the onset of skeletal myogenesis in Myf-5 mutant mice. Development 120 (1994), 3083-3092.
27. Buchberger, A., Ragge, K., Arnold, H.H., The myogenin gene is activated during myocyte differentiation by preexisting, not newly synthesized transcription factor MEF-2. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994), 17289-17296.
28. Buffinger, N., Stockdale, F.E., Myogenic specification in somites: Induction by axial structures. Development 120 (1994), 1443-1452.
29. Buffinger, N., Stockdale, F.E., Myogenic specification of somites is mediated by diffusible factors. Dev. Biol. 169 (1995), 96-108.
30. Charlton, C.A., Mohler, W.A., Radice, G.L., Hynes, R.O., Blau, H.M., Fusion competence of myoblasts rendered genetically null for N-cadherin in culture. J. Cell Biol. 138 (1997), 331-336.
31. Chen, Z.F., Behringer, R.R., Twist is required in head mesenchyme for cranial neural tube morphogenesis. Genes Dev. 15 (1995), 686-699.
32. Chen, C.-M., Kraut, N., Groudine, M., Weintraub, H., I-mf, a novel myogenic repressor interacts with members of the MyoD family. Cell 86 (1996), 731-741.
33. Cheng, T.C., Wallace, M.C., Merlie, J.P., Olson, E.N., Separable regulatory elements governing myogenin transcription in mouse embryogenesis. Science 261 (1993), 215-218.
34. Chevallier, A., Kieny, M., Mauger, A., Limb-somite relationship: Origin of the limb musculature. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 41 (1977), 245-258.
35. Christ, B., Ordahl, C.P., Early stages of chick somite development. Anat. Embryol. 191 (1995), 381-396.
36. Christ, B., Wilting, J., From somites to vertebral column. Anat. Anz. 174 (1992), 23-32.
37. Christ, B., Jacob, H.J., Jacob, M., Experimental analysis of the origin of the wing musculature in avian embryos. Anat. Embryol. 150 (1977), 171-186.
38. Christ, B., Jacob, M., Jacob, H.J., On the origin and development of the ventrolateral abdominal muscles in the avian embryo. An experimental and ultrastructural study. Anat. Embryol. 166 (1983), 87-101.
39. Cossu, G., Kelly, R., Di Donna, S., Vivarelli, E., Buckingham, M., Myoblast differentiation during mammalian somitogenesis is dependent upon a community effect. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 (1995), 2254-2258.
40. Cossu, G., Kelly, R., Tajbakhsh, S., Di Donna, S., Vivarelli, E., Buckingham, M., Activation of different myogenic pathways: myf-5 is induced by the neural tube and MyoD by the dorsal ectoderm in mouse paraxial mesoderm. Development 122 (1996), 429-437.
41. Daston, G., Lamar, E., Olivier, M., Goulding, M., Pax-3 is necessary for migration but not differentiation of limb muscle precursors in the mouse. Development 122 (1996), 1017-1027.
42. Davis, R.L., Weintraub, H., Lassar, A.B., Expression of a single transfected cDNA converts fibroblasts to myoblasts. Cell 51 (1987), 987-1000.
43. Denetclaw, W.F. Jr., Christ, B., Ordahl, C.P., Location and growth of epaxial myotome precursor cells. Development 124 (1997), 1601-1610.
44. Dietrich, S., Schubert, F.R., Lumsden, A., Control of dorsoventral pattern in chick paraxial mesoderm. Development 124 (1997), 3895-3908.
45. Edmondson, D.G., Olson, E.N., A gene with homology to the myc similarity region of MyoDl is expressed during myogenesis and is sufficient to activate the muscle differentiation program [published erratum appears in. Genes Dev., 4(8), 1989, 1450 1990.
46. Genes Dev. 3 (1992), 628-640.
47. Edmondson, D.G., Cheng, T.C., Cserjesi, P., Chakraborty, T., Olson, E.N., Analysis of the myogenin promoter reveals an indirect pathway for positive autoregulation mediated by the muscle-specific enhancer factor MEF-2. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12 (1992), 3665-3677.
48. Evans, S.M., O'Brien, T.X., Expression of the helix-loop-helix factor Id during mouse embryonic development. Dev. Biol. 159 (1993), 485-499.
49. Faerman, A., Goldhamer, D.J., Puzis, R., Emerson, C.P. Jr., Shani, M., The distal human myoD enhancer sequences direct unique muscle-specific patterns of lacZ expression during mouse development. Dev. Biol. 171 (1995), 27-38.
50. Fassler, R., Meyer, M., Consequences of lack of β1 integrin gene expression in mice. Genes Dev. 9 (1995), 1896-1908.
51. Floss, T., Arnold, H.H., Braun, T., Myf-5(m1)/Myf-6(m1) compound heterozygous mouse mutants down-regulate Myf-5 expression and exert rib defects: Evidence for long-range cis effects on Myf-5 transcription. Dev. Biol. 174 (1996), 140-147.
52. Floss, T., Arnold, H.H., Braun, T., A role for FGF-6 in skeletal muscle regeneration. Genes Dev. 11 (1997), 2040-2051.
53. Gamel, A.J., Brand-Saberi, B., Christ, B., Halves of epithelial somites and segmental plate show distinct muscle differentiation behavior in vitro compared to entire somites and segmental plate. Dev. Biol. 172 (1995), 625-639.
54. George-Weinstein, M., Gerhart, J., Reed, R., Flynn, J., Callihan, B., Mattiacci, M., Miehle, C., Foti, G., Lash, J.W., Weintraub, H., Skeletal myogenesis: The preferred pathway of chick embryo epiblast cells in vitro. Dev. Biol. 173 (1996), 729-741.
55. Gerber, A.N., Klesert, T.R., Bergstrom, D.A., Tapscott, S.J., Two domains of MyoD mediate transcriptional activation of genes in repressive chromatin: A mechanism for lineage determination in myogenesis. Genes Dev. 11 (1997), 436-450.
56. Godsave, S.F., Slack, J.M.W., Clonal analysis of mesoderm formation in the Xenopus embryo. Development 111 (1991), 523-530.
57. Goldhamer, D.J., Brunk, B.P., Faerman, A., King, A., Shani, M., Emerson, C.P. Jr., Embryonic activation of the myoD gene is regulated by a highly conserved distal control element. Development 121 (1995), 637-649.
58. Goulding, M., Lumsden, A., Paquette, A.J., Regulation of Pax3 expression in the dermo-myotome and its role in muscle development. Development 120 (1994), 957-971.
59. Grass, S., Arnold, H.H., Braun, T., Alterations in somite patterning of Myf-5-deficient mice: A possible role for FGF-4 and FGF-6. Development Suppl. 122 (1996), 141-150.
60. Grounds, M.D., Yablonka-Reuveni, Z., Molecular and cellular biology of muscle regeneration. Partridge, T., (eds.) “Molecular and Cellular Biology of Muscular Dystrophy”, 1993, Chapman & Hall, London, 210-256.
61. Gruss, P., Kessel, M., Axial specification in higher vertebrates. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 1 (1991), 204-210.
62. Harvey, R.P., The Xenopus MyoD gene: An unlocalised maternal mRNA predates lineage-restricted expression in the early embryo. Development 108 (1990), 669-680.
63. Hasty, P., Bradley, A., Morris, J.H., Edmondson, D.G., Venuti, J.M., Olson, E.N., Klein, W.H., Muscle deficiency and neonatal death in mice with a targeted mutation in the myogenin gene [see comments]. Nature 364 (1993), 501-506.
64. Hayashi, K., Ozawa, E., Myogenic cell migration from somites is induced by tissue contact with medial region of the presumptive limb mesoderm in chick embryos. Development 121 (1995), 661-669.
65. Hebrok, M., Wertz, K., Fuchtbauer, E.M., M-twist is an inhibitor of muscle differentiation. Dev. Biol. 165 (1994), 537-544.
66. Henthorn, P., Kiledjian, M., Kadesch, T., Two distinct transcription factors that bind the immunoglobulin enhancer microES/kappa 2 motif. Science 247 (1990), 467-470.
67. Heymann, S., Koudrava Arnold, H.H., Köster, M., Braun, T., Regulation and function of SF/HGF during migration of limb muscle precursor cells in chicken. Dev. Biol. 180 (1996), 566-578.
68. Hinterberger, T.J., Sassoon, D.A., Rhodes, S.J., Konieczny, S.F., Expression of the muscle regulatory factor MRF4 during somite and skeletal myofiber development. Dev. Biol. 147 (1991), 144-156.
69. Hirsinger, E., Duprez, D., Jouve, C., Malapert, P., Cooke, J., Pourquié, O., Noggin acts downstream of Wnt and Sonic Hedgehog to antagonize BMP4 in avian somite patterning. Development 124 (1997), 4605-4614.
70. Holland, L.Z., Pace, D.G., Blink, M.L., Kene, M., Holland, N.D., Sequence and expression of amphioxus alkali myosin light chain (Amphi MLC-alk) throughout development: Implications for vertebrate myogenesis. Dev. Biol. 171 (1995), 665-676.
71. Holland, L.Z., Kene, M., Williams, N.A., Holland, N.D., Sequence and embryonic expression of the amphioxus engrailed gene (AmphiEn): The metameric pattern of transcription resembles that of its segment-polarity homolog in. Drosophila. Development 124 (1997), 1723-1732.
72. Hollenberg, S.M., Cheng, P.E., Weintraub, H., Use of a conditional MyoD transcription factor in studies of MyoD trans- activation and muscle determination. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. V.S.A. 90 (1993), 8028-8032.
73. Holtzer, H., Schultheiss, T., DiLullo, C., Choi, J., Costa, M., Lu, M., Holtzer, S., Autonomous expression of the differentiation programs of cells in the cardiac and skeletal myogenic lineages. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 599 (1990), 158-169.
74. Hu, J.S., Olson, E.N., Kingston, R.E., HEB, a helix-loop-helix protein related to E2A and ITF2 that can modulate the DNA-binding ability of myogenic regulatory factors. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12 (1992), 1031-1042.
75. Huang, R., Zhi, Q., Neubuser, A., Muller, T.S., Brand-Saberi, B., Christ, B., Wilting, J., Function of somite and somitocoele cells in the formation of the vertebral motion segment in avian embryos. Acta Anat. 155 (1996), 231-241.
76. Jacob, M., Christ, B., Jacob, H.J., On the migration of myogenic stem cells into the prospective wing region of chick embryos. A scanning and transmission electron microscope study. Anat. Embryol. 153 (1978), 179-193.
77. Jacob, M., Christ, B., Jacob, H.J., The migration of myogenic cells from the somites into the leg region of avian embryos. An ultrastrucrural study. Anat. Embryol. 157 (1979), 291-309.
78. Jaffredo, T.J., Horwitz, A.E., Buck, C.A., Rong, P.M., Dieterlen-Lievre, F., Myoblast migration specifically inhibited in the chick embryo by grafted CSAT hybridoma cells secreting an anti-integrin antibody. Development 103 (1988), 431-446.
79. Jagla, K., Dolle, P., Mattel, M.G., Jagla, T., Schuhbaur, B., Dretzen, G., Bellard, E., Bellard, M., Mouse Lbx1 and human LBX1 define a novel mammalian homeobox gene family related to the Drosophila lady bird genes. Mech. Dev. 53 (1995), 345-356.
80. Jen, Y., Weintraub, H., Benezera, R., Over expression of Id protein inhibits the muscle differentiation program: In vivo association of Id with E2A proteins. Genes Dev. 6 (1992), 1466-1479.
81. Kablar, B., Krastel, K., Ying, C., Asakura, A., Tapscott, S., Rudnicki, M., MyoD and Myf-5 differentially regulate the development of limb versus trunk skeletal muscle. Development Suppl. 124 (1997), 4729-4738.
82. Kaushal, S., Schneider, J.W., Nadal-Ginard, B., Mahdavi, V., Activation of the myogenic lineage by Mef2a, a factor that induces and cooperates with MyoD. Science 266 (1994), 1236-1240.
83. Kenny-Mobbs, T., Thorogood, P., Autonomy of differentiation in avian brachial somites and the influence of adjacent tissue. Development 100 (1987), 449-462.
84. Krause, M., Harrison, S.W., Xu, S.Q., Chen, L., Fire, A., Elements regulating cell- and stage-specific expression of the C. elegans MyoD family homolog hlh-1. Dev. Biol. 166 (1994), 133-148.
85. Krenn, V., Brand-Saberi, B., Wachtler, F., Hyaluronic acid influences the migration of myoblasts within the embyonic wing bud. Am. J. Anat. 192 (1991), 400-406.
86. Lefaucheur, J.P., Sebille, A., Basic fibroblastic growth factor promotes in vivo muscle regeneration in murine muscular dystrophy. Neurosci. Lett. 202 (1995), 121-124.
87. Lefaucheur, J.P., Sebille, A., Muscle regeneration following injury can be modified in vivo by immune neutralization of basic fibroblastic growth factor, transforming growth factor beta-1 or insulin-like growth factor I. J. Neuroimmunol. 5 (1995), 85-91.
88. Lilly, B., Zhao, B., Ranganayakulu, G., Paterson, B.M., Schulz, R.A., Olson, E.N., Requirement of MADS domain transcription factor D-MEF2 for muscle formation in. Drosophila. Science 267 (1995), 688-693.
89. Lin, Q., Schwarz, J., Bucana, C., Olson, E.N., Control of mouse cardiac morphogenesis and myogenesis by transcription factor MEF2C. Science 276 (1997), 1404-1407.
90. Ludolph, D.C., Konieczny, S.F., Transcription factor families: Muscling in on the myogenic program. FASEB J. 9 (1995), 1595-1604.
91. Lyons, G.E., Micales, B.K., Schwarz, J., Martin, J.F., Olson, E.N., Expression of MEF2 genes in the mouse central nervous system suggests a role in neuronal maturation. J. Neurosci. 15 (1995), 5727-5738.
92. McPherron, A.C., Lawler, A.M., Lee, S.J., Regulation of skeletal muscle mass in mice by a new TGF-β superfamily member. Nature 387 (1997), 83-90.
93. Mak, K.L., To, R.Q., Kong, Y., Konieczny, S.F., The MRF4 activation domain is required to induce muscle-specific gene expression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12 (1992), 4334-4346.
94. Marcelle, C., Stark, M.R., Bronner-Fraser, M., Coordinate actions of BMPs, Wnts, Shh and noggin mediate patterning of the dorsal somite. Development 124 (1997), 3955-3963.
95. Maroto, M., Reshef, R., Münsterberg, A.E., Koester, S., Goulding, M., Lassar, A.B., Ectopic Pax-3 activates MyoD and Myf-5 expression in embryonic mesoderm and neural tissue. Cell 89 (1997), 139-148.
96. Matzuk, M.M., Naifang, L., Vogel, H., Sellheyer, K., Roop, D.R., Bradley, A., Multiple defects and perinatal death in mice deficient in Follistatin. Nature 374 (1995), 360-363.
97. Megeney, L.A., Kablar, B., Garrett, K., Anderson, J.E., Rudnicki, M.A., MyoD is required for myogenic stem cell function in adult skeletal muscle. Genes Dev. 10 (1996), 1173-1183.
98. Mennerich, D., Schäfer, K., Braun, T., Pax-3 is necessary but not sufficient for lbxl expression in myogenic precursor cells of the limb. Mech. Dev. 73 (1998), 147-158.
99. Miner, J.H., Wold, B., Herculin, a fourth member of the MyoD family of myogenic regulatory genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (1990), 1089-1093.
100. Molkentin, J.D., Olson, E.N., Defining the regulatory networks for muscle development. Curr. Opin. Gen. Dev. 6 (1996), 445-453.
101. Molkentin, J.D., Black, B.L., Martin, J.F., Olson, E.N., Cooperative activation of muscle gene expression by MEF2 and myogenic bHLH proteins. Cell 83 (1995), 1125-1136.
102. Münsterberg, A.E., Lassar, A.B., Combinatorial signals from the neural tube, floor plate and notochord induce myogenic bHLH gene expression in the somite. Development 121 (1995), 651-660.
103. Münsterberg, A.E., Kitajewski, J., Bumcrot, D.A., McMahon, A.P., Lassar, A.B., Combinatorial signaling by Sonic hedgehog and Wnt family members induces myogenic bHLH gene expression in the somite. Genes Dev. 9 (1995), 2911-2922.
104. Murre, C., McCaw, P.S., Baltimore, D., A new DNA binding and dimerization motif in immunoglobulin enhancer binding, daughterless, MyoD, and myc proteins. Cell 10 (1989), 777-783.
105. Nabeshima, Y., Hanaoka, K., Hayasaka, M., Esumi, E., Li, S., Nonaka, I., Nabeshima, Y., Myogenin gene disruption results in perinatal lethality because of severe muscle defect [see comments]. Nature 364 (1993), 532-535.
106. Nishida, H., Determinative mechanisms in secondary muscle lineages of ascidian embryos: Development of muscle-specific features in isolated muscle progenitor cells. Development 108 (1990), 559-568.
107. Noden, D.M., The embryonic origins of avian cephalic and cervical muscles and associated connective tissues. Am. J. Anat. 167 (1983), 257-276.
108. Olson, E.N., MyoD family: A paradigm for development?. Genes Dev. 4 (1990), 1454-1461.
109. Olson, E.N., Regulation of muscle transcription by the MyoD family. The heart of the matter. Circ. Res. 72 (1993), 1-6.
110. Olson, E.N., Klein, W.H., BHLH factors in muscle development: Dead lines and commitments; what to leave in and what to leave out. Genes Dev. 8 (1994), 1-8.
111. Olson, E.N., Arnold, H.H., Rigby, P.W., Wold, B.J., Know your neighbors: Three phenotypes in null mutants of the myogenic bHLH gene MRF4. Cell 85 (1996), 1-4.
112. Ordahl, C.P., Christ, B., Avian somite transplantation: A review of basic methods. Methods Cell Biol 52 (1997), 3-27.
113. Ordahl, C.P., Le Douarin, N.M., Two myogenic lineages within the developing somite. Development 114 (1992), 339-353.
114. Ott, M.O., Bober, E., Lyons, G., Arnold, H., Buckingham, M., Early expression of the myogenic regulatory gene, myf-5, in precursor cells of skeletal muscle in the mouse embryo. Development 111 (1991), 1097-1107.
115. Patapoutian, A., Miner, J.H., Lyons, G.E., Wold, B., Isolated sequences from the linked Myf-5 and MRF4 genes drive distinct patterns of muscle-specific expression in transgenic mice. Development 118 (1993), 61-69.
116. Patapoutian, A., Yoon, J.K., Miner, J.H., Wang, S., Stark, K., Wold, B., Disruption of the mouse MRF4 gene identifies multiple waves of myogenesis in the myotome. Development 121 (1995), 3347-3358.
117. Pin, C.L., Ludolph, D.C., Cooper, S.T., Klocke, B.J., Merlie, J.P., Konieczny, S.F., Distal regulatory elements control MRF4 gene expression in early and late myogenic cell populations. Dev. Dyn. 208 (1997), 299-312.
118. Pourquié, O., Coltey, M., Teillet, M.A., Ordahl, C., Le Douarin, N.M., Control of dorso-ventral patterning of somitic derivatives by notochord and floor plate. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 (1993), 5242-5246.
119. Pourquié, O., Coltey, M., Breant, C., Le Douarin, N.M., Control of somite patterning by signals from the lateral plate. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 (1995), 3219-3223.
120. Pourquié, O., Fan, C.M., Coltey, M., Hirsinger, E., Wantanabe, Y., Breant, C., West, P., Francis Brikell, P., Tessier-Lavigne, M., Le Douarin, N.M., Lateral and axial signals involved in avian somite patterning: A role for BMP4. Cell 84 (1996), 461-471.
121. Pownall, M.E., Strunk, K.E., Emerson, C.P. Jr., Notochord signals control the transcriptional cascade of myogenic bHLH genes in somites of quail embryos. Development 122 (1996), 1475-1488.
122. Radice, G.L., Rayburn, H., Matsunami, H., Knudsen, K.A., Takeichi, M., Hynes, R.O., Developmental defects in mouse embryos lacking N-cadherin. Dev. Biol. 181 (1997), 64-78.
123. Rawls, A., Morris, J.H., Rudnicki, M., Braun, T., Arnold, H.H., Klein, W.H., Olson, E.N., Myogenin's functions do not overlap with those of MyoD or Myf-5 during mouse embryogenesis published erratum appears in. Dev. Biol., 174(2), 1995, 453 1996 Mar.l5.
124. Dev. Biol. 172 (1992), 37-50.
125. Rhodes, S.J., Konieczny, S.F., Identification of MRF4: A new member of the muscle regulatory factor gene family. Genes Dev. 3 (1989), 2050-2061.
126. Rong, P.M., Teillet, M.A., Ziller, C., Le Douarin, N.M., The neural tube/notochord complex is necessary for vertebral but not limb and body wall striated muscle differentiation. Development 115 (1992), 657-672.
127. Rudnicki, M.A., Braun, T., Hinuma, S., Jaenisch, R., Inactivation of MyoD in mice leads to up-regulation of the myogenic HLH gene Myf-5 and results in apparently normal muscle development. Cell 71 (1992), 383-390.
128. Rudnicki, M.A., Schnegelsberg, P.N., Stead, R.H., Braun, T., Arnold, H.H., Jaenisch, R., MyoD or Myf-5 is required for the formation of skeletal muscle. Cell 75 (1993), 1351-1359.
129. Rupp, R.A., Weintraub, H., Ubiquitous MyoD transcription at the midblastula transition precedes induction-dependent MyoD expression in presumptive mesoderm of. X. laevis. Cell 65 (1991), 927-937.
130. Sassoon, D., Lyons, G., Wright, W.E., Lin, V., Lassar, A., Weintraub, H., Buckingham, M., Expression of two myogenic regulatory factors myogenin and MyoD1 during mouse embryogenesis. Nature 341 (1989), 303-307.
131. Schnabel, R., Autonomy and nonautonomy in cell fate specification of muscle in the Caenor-habditis elegans embryo. A reciprocal induction. Science 263 (1994), 1449-1452.
132. Smith, T.H., Kachinsky, A.M., Miller, J.B., Somite subdomains, muscle cell origins, and the four muscle regulatory factor proteins. J. Cell Biol. 127 (1994), 95-105.
133. Solursh, M., Drake, C., Meier, S., The migration of myogenic cells from somites at the wing level in avian embryos. Dev. Biol. 121 (1987), 389-396.
134. Soriano, P., The PDGF alpha receptor is required for neural crest cell development and for normal patterning of the somites. Development 124 (1997), 2691-2700.
135. Spence, M.S., Yip, J., Erickson, C.A., The dorsal neural tube organizes the dermomyo-tome and induces axial myocytes in the avian embryo. Development 122 (1996), 231-241.
136. Spicer, D.B., Rhee, J., Cheung, W.L., Lassar, A.B., Inhibition of myogenic bHLH and MEF2 transcription factors by the bHLH protein twist. Science 272 (1996), 1476-1480.
137. Sporle, R., Gunther, T., Struwe, M., Schughart, K., Severe defects in the formation of epaxial musculature in open brain (opb) mutant mouse embryos. Development 122 (1996), 79-86.
138. Stern, H.M., Hauschka, S.D., Neural tube and notochord promote in vitro myogenesis in single somite explants. Dev. Biol. 167 (1995), 87-103.
139. Stern, H.M., Lin-Jones, J., Hauschka, S.D., Synergistic interactions between bFGF and a TGF-beta family member may mediate myogenic signals from the neural tube. Development 124 (1997), 3511-3523.
140. Tajbakhsh, S., Buckingham, M.E., Mouse limb muscle is determined in the absence of the earliest myogenic factor myf-5. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (1994), 747-751.
141. Tajbakhsh, S., Buckingham, M., Lineage restriction of the myogenic conversion factor myf-5 in the brain. Development Suppl. 121 (1995), 4077-4083.
142. Tajbakhsh, S., Bober, E., Babinet, C., Pournin, S., Arnold, H., Buckingham, M., Gene targeting the myf-5 locus with nlacZ reveals expression of this myogenic factor in mature skeletal muscle fibres as well as early embryonic muscle. Dev. Dyn. 206 (1996), 291-300.
143. Tajbakhsh, S., Rocancourt, D., Buckingham, M., Muscle progenitor cells failing to respond to positional cues adopt non- myogenic fates in myf-5 null mice. Nature 384 (1996), 266-270.
144. Tajbakhsh, S., Rocancourt, D., Cossu, G., Buckingham, M., Redefining the genetic hierarchies controlling skeletal myogenesis: Pax-3 and Myf-5 act upstream of MyoD. Cell 89 (1997), 127-138.
145. Tajbakhsh, S., Vivarelli, E., Cusella-De Angelis, G., Rocancourt, D., Buckingham, M., Cossu, G., A population of myogenic cells derived from the mouse neural tube. Neuron 13 (1994), 813-821.
146. Talbot, W.S., Trevarrow, B., Halpern, M.E., Melby, A.E., Farr, G., Postlethwait, J.H., Jowett, T., Kimmel, C.B., Kimelman, D., A homeobox gene essential for zebrafish notochord development. Nature 378 (1995), 150-157.
147. Tapscott, S.J., Lassar, A.B., Weintraub, H., A novel myoblast enhancer element mediates MyoD transcription. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12 (1992), 4994-5003.
148. Teillet, M.A., Le Douarin, N.M., Consequences of neural tube and notochord excision on the development of the peripheral nervous system in the chick embryo. Dev. Biol. 98 (1983), 192-211.
149. Thayer, M.J., Tapscott, S.J., Davis, R.L., Wright, W.E., Lassar, A.B., Weintraub, H., Positive autoregulation of the myogenic determination gene. MyoD1. Cell 58 (1989), 241-248.
150. Venuti, J.M., Morris, J.H., Vivian, J.L., Olson, E.N., Klein, W.H., Myogenin is required for late but not early aspects of myogenesis during mouse development. J. Cell Biol. 128 (1995), 563-576.
151. Wachtler, E., Jacob, H.J., Jacob, M., Christ, B., The extrinsic ocular muscles in birds are derived from the prechordal plate. Naturwissenschaften 71 (1984), 379-380.
152. Wang, Y., Jaenisch, R., Myogenin can substitute for Myf5 in promoting myogenesis but less efficiently. Development 124 (1997), 2507-2513.
153. Wang, Y., Benezra, R., Sassoon, D.A., Id expression during mouse development: A role in morphogenesis. Dev. Dyn. 194 (1992), 222-230.
154. Wang, Y., Schnegelsberg, P.N., Dausman, J., Jaenisch, R., Functional redundancy of the muscle-specific transcription factors Myf5 and myogenin. Nature 379 (1996), 823-825.
155. Weintraub, H., Davis, R., Tapscott, S., Thayer, M., Krause, M., Benezra, R., Blackwell, T.K., Turner, D., Rupp, R., Hollenberg, S., Zhuang, Y., Lassar, A., The myoD gene family: Nodal point during specification of the muscle cell lineage. Science 251 (1991), 761-766.
156. Weintraub, H., Dwarki, V.J., Verma, I., Davis, R., Hollenberg, S., Snider, L., Lassar, A., Tapscott, S.J., Muscle-specific transcriptional activation by MyoD. Genes Dev. 5 (1991), 1377-1386.
157. Williams, B.A., Ordahl, C.P., Pax-3 expression in segmental mesoderm marks early stages in myogenic cell specification. Development 120 (1994), 785-796.
158. Williams, B., Ordahl, C., Emergence of determined myotome precursor cells in die somite. Development 124 (1997), 4983-4997.
159. Winter, B., Braun, T., Arnold, H.H., Cooperativity of functional domains in the muscle-specific transcription factor Myf-5. EMBO J. 11 (1992), 1843-1855.
160. Wright, W.E., Expression of differentiated functions in heterokaryons between skeletal myocytes, adrenal cells, fibroblasts and glial cells. Exp. Cell Res. 151 (1984), 55-69.
161. Wright, W.E., Sassoon, D.A., Lin, V.K., Myogenin, a factor regulating myogenesis, has a domain homologous to MyoD. Cell 56 (1989), 607-617.
162. Xue, X.J., Xue, Z.G., Spatial and temporal effects of axial structures on myogenesis of developing somites. Mech. Dev. 60 (1996), 73-82.
163. Yasuo, H., Satoh, N., Function of vertebrate Tgene. Nature 364 (1993), 582-583.
164. Yee, S.P., Rigby, P.W., The regulation of myogenin gene expression during the embryonic development of the mouse. Genes Dev. 7 (1993), 1277-1289.
165. Yoon, J.K., Olson, E.N., Arnold, H.H., Wold, B.J., Different MRF4 knockout alleles differentially disrupt Myf-5 expression: Cis-regulatory interactions at the MRF4/Myf-5 locus. Dev. Biol. 188 (1997), 349-362.
166. Yun, K., Wold, B., Skeletal muscle determination and differentiation: Story of a core regulatory network and its context. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 8 (1996), 877-889.
167. Zhang, W., Behringer, R.R., Olson, E.N., Inactivation of the myogenic bHLH gene MRF4 results in up-regulation of myogenin and rib anomalies. Genes Dev. 9 (1995), 1388-1399.
168. Zhuang, Y., Soriano, P., Weintraub, H., The helix-loop-helix gene E2A is required for B cell formation. Cell 79 (1994), 875-884.
169. Zweigerdt, R., Braun, T., Arnold, H.H., Faithful expression of the myf-5 gene during mouse myogenesis requires distant control regions: A transgene approach using yeast artificial chromosomes [In Process Citation]. Dev. Biol. 192 (1997), 172-180.