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7 plaque-forming units per milliliter. Viral stocks were stored at -80°C. The virus was activated per manufacturer's instructions, and BHK-21 and HeLa cells were infected in serum-free medium. Transfection efficiency of recombinant virus was routinely >95% in BHK-21 cells and >50% in HeLa cells. Cells were allowed to express protein for 6 to 8 hours after infection in serum-free medium before use in experiments.
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For cell adhesion assays and immunofluorescence, cells were suspended in basal medium (Glasco minimal essential medium, Life Technologies) containing no serum and seeded in six-well plastic plates containing coverslips coated with fibronectin (20 μg/ml). Cells attached to coverslips were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 min, permeabilized with 0.5% Triton X-100 for 20 min, and then incubated with antibody to Myc (9E10) at 1:300 or with antibody to β-galactosidase (β-Gal) at 1:5000 (Promega, Madison, WI) for 1 hour. Cells were then incubated for 1 hour with rhodamine phalloidin 1:500 (Sigma) or with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated antibody to mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) 1:300 (Cappel Labs, Cochranville, PA) or with both, washed with phosphate-buffered saline, and mounted in Fluoromount-G (Southern Biotechnology Associates, Birmingham, AL). Slides were examined with a Nikon Labophot-ZDFX-DX epifluorescence microscope, and images were photographed with a 35-mm camera and Kodak T-MAX film. For inhibition studies, various concentrations of BDM (Sigma) and ML-7 (Calbiochem, La Jolla, CA) were added to the culture medium.
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Protein bands were visualized with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat antibody to rabbit IgG (Pierce, Rockford, IL) and with chemiluminescence
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19 [F. Matsumura et al., J. Cell Biol. 140, 119 (1998)]. Protein bands were visualized with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat antibody to rabbit IgG (Pierce, Rockford, IL) and with chemiluminescence.
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Supported by a U.S. Army Research Breast Cancer Program award to L.C.S. and by grants from the U.S. Public Health Service to F.M., to G.M.B., and to P.d.L. This is publication 11936-IMM from The Scripps Research Institute.
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