Transport of ozone and pollutants from North America to the North Atlantic Ocean during the 1996 Atmosphere/Ocean Chemistry Experiment (AEROCE) intensive

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 104, Issue D21, 1999, Pages 26219-26233

  Prados, A I ^a   Dickerson, R R ^b   Doddridge, B G ^b   Milne, P A ^c   Moody, J L ^d   Merrill, J T ^e  

^a Bldg 142   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; OZONE; POLLUTANT TRANSPORT; TRANSPORT PROCESS;

(NORTH); ATLANTIC OCEAN; NORTH AMERICA;

EID: 0033589477     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1999JD900444     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Allen, D. J., R. B. Rood, A. M. Thompson, and R. D. Hudson, Three-dimensional radon 222 calculations using assimilated meteorological data and a convective mixing algorithm, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 6871-6881, 1996a.
2. Allen, D. J., P. Kasibhatla, A. M. Thompson, R. B. Rood, B. G. Doddridge, K. E. Pickering, R., D. Hudson, and S. Lin, Transport-induced interannual variability of carbon monoxide determined using a chemistry and transport model, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 28,655-28,669, 1996b.
3. Atkinson, R., Kinetics and mechanisms of the gas phase reactions of the hydroxyl radical with organic compounds under atmospheric conditions, Chem. Rev., 86, 69-201, 1986.
4. Atkinson, R., D. L. Baulch, R. A. Cox, R. F. Hampson Jr., J. A. Kerr, and J. Troe, Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Supplement IV, J. Phys. Chem. Ref Data, 21, 1125-1144, 1992.
5. Berkowitz, C. M., J. D. Fast, S. R. Springston, R. L. Larsen, C. W. Spicer, P. V. Doskey, J. M. Hubber, and R. Plastridge, Formation mechanisms and chemical characteristics of elevated photochemical layers over the northeast United States, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 10,631-10,647, 1998.
6. Brunner, D., J. Staehelin, and D. Jeker, Large-scale nitrogen oxide plumes in the tropopause region and implication for ozone, Science, 282, 1305-1309, 1998.
7. Buhr, M., D. Sueper, M. Trainer, P. Goldan, B. Kuster, F. Fehsenfeld, G. Kok, R. Shiliawski, and A. Schanot, Trace gas and aerosol measurements using aircraft data from the North Atlantic Ocean Regional Experiment (NARE 1993), J. Geophys. Res., 101, 29,013-29,027, 1996.
8. Civerolo, K. L., Development and use of a high sensitivity, fast response nitric oxide detector for air quality monitoring and eddy correlation flux measurements, Ph.D. thesis, Dep. of Meteorol., Univ. of Md., College Park, 1996.
9. Cooper, O. R., J. L. Moody, J. C. Davenport, S. J. Oltmans, B. J. Johnson, X. Chen, P. B. Shepson, and J. T. Merrill, Influence of springtime weather systems on vertical ozone distributions over three North American sites, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 22,001-22,013, 1998.
10. Crutzen, P. J., A discussion of the chemistry of some minor constituents of the stratosphere and troposphere, Pure Appl. Geophys., 106, 1385-1399, 1973.
11. Crutzen, P. J., and P. H. Zimmermann, The changing photochemistry of the troposphere, Tellus, 43, 136-151, 1991.
12. Daum, P. H., L. I. Kleinman, L. Newman, W. T. Luke, J. Weinstein-Lloyd, C. M. Berkowitz, and K. M. Busness, Chemical and physical properties of plumes of anthropogenic pollutants transported over the North Atlantic during the North Atlantic Regional Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 29,029-29,042, 1996.
13. 3, and OH, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 7149-7163, 1993.
14. Dickerson, R. R., and A. C. Delany, Modification of a commercial gas filter correlation CO detector for enhanced sensitivity, J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 5, 424-431, 1988.
15. Dickerson, R. R., et al., Thunderstorms: An important mechanism in the transport of air pollutants, Science, 235, 460-465, 1987.
16. Dickerson, R. R., B. G. Doddridge, P. Kelly, and K. P. Rhoads, Large-Scale pollution of the atmosphere over the remote Atlantic Ocean: Evidence from Bermuda, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 8945-8952, 1995.
17. Doddridge, B. G., R. R. Dickerson, R. G. Wardell, K. L. Civerolo and L. J. Nunnermacker, Trace gas concentrations and meteorology in rural Virginia, 2, Reactive Nitrogen Compounds, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 20,631-20,646, 1992.
18. y: A comparison of data and models, Atmos. Environ., 31(12), 1851-1904, 1997.
19. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National air quality and emission trends report, 1996, Rep. EPA-454/R-97-013, Off. of Air Quality Plann. and Stand., Research Triangle Park, N.C., 1997.
20. 3 precursors over the North Atlantic: An overview of the 1993 North Atlantic Regional Experiment (NARE) summer intensive, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 28,877-28,893, 1996.
21. Galloway, J. N., and D. M. Whelpale, WATOX-86 overview and western North Atlantic Ocean S and N budgets, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 1(4), 261-281, 1987.
22. Hallock-Waters, K. A., B. G. Doddridge, R. R. Dickerson, S. Spitzer, and J. D. Ray, Carbon monoxide in the US mid-Atlantic troposphere: Evidence for a decreasing trend, Geophys. Res. Lett., in press, 1999.
23. Hegg, D. A., J. L. Livingston, P. V. Hobbs, T. Novakov, and P. Russell, Chemical apportionment of aerosol column optical depth off the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States, J. Geophys. Res., 102 25,293-25,303, 1997.
24. Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for use in stratospheric modeling, Rep. 97-4, Pasadena Calif., 1997.
25. 3 and related compounds over southern Nova Scotia, 1, Vertical Distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 29,043-29,060, 1996.
26. Kondragunta, S., The impact of aerosols on urban photochemical ozone production, Ph.D. thesis, Dep. of Chem., Univ. of Md., College Park, 1997.
27. Lelieveld, J., and P. J. Crutzen, Influences of cloud photochemical processes on tropospheric ozone, Nature, 343, 277, 1990.
28. Levy, H., P. S. Kasibhatla, W. J. Moxim, A. A. Klonecki, A. I. Hirsch, S. J. Oltmans, and W. L. Chameides, The global impact of human activity on tropospheric ozone, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 791-794, 1997.
29. Lin, X., M. Trainer, and S. C. Liu, On the nonlinearity of the tropospheric ozone production, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 15,879-15,888, 1988.
30. Liu, S. C., M. Trainer, F. C. Fehsenfeld, D. D. Parrish, E. J. Williams, D. W. Fahey, G. Hubler, and P. C. Murphy, Ozone production in the rural troposphere and the implications for regional and global ozone distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 4191-4207, 1987.
31. Logan, J. A., Tropospheric ozone: Seasonal behavior, trends, and anthropogenic influence, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 10,463-10,482, 1985.
32. Merrill, J. T., Isentropic airflow probability analysis, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 25,881-25,889, 1994.
33. Merrill, J. T., J. L. Moody, S. J. Oltmans, and H. Levy II, Meteorological analysis of tropospheric ozone profiles at Bermuda, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 22,911-22,922, 1996.
34. Moody, J. L., S. J. Oltmans, H. Levy II, and J. T. Merrill, Transport climatology of tropospheric ozone: Bermuda, 1988-1991, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 7179-7194, 1995.
35. Moody, J. L., J. C. Davenport, J. T. Merrill, S. J. Oltmans, D. D. Parrish, J. S. Holloway, H. Levy II, G. L. Forbes, M. Trainer, and M. Buhr, Meteorological mechanisms for transporting ozone over the western North Atlantic Ocean: A case study for August 24-29, 1993, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 29,213-29,227, 1996.
36. Morales, R., Carbon monoxide, ozone, and hydrocarbons in the Baltimore metropolitan area, Ph.D. thesis, Dep. of Chem., Univ. of Md., College Park, 1998.
37. National Research Council (NRC), Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution, edited by J. H. Seinfeld, 489 pp., Nat. Acad. Press, Washington, D.C., 1991.
38. Oltmans, S. J., and H. Levy II, Seasonal cycle of surface ozone over the western North Atlantic, Nature, 358, 392-394, 1992.
39. Oltmans, S. J., et al., Summer and spring ozone profiles over the north Atlantic from ozone sonde measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 29,179-29,200, 1996.
40. Parrish, D. D., J. S. Holloway, M. Trainer, P. C. Murphy, G. L. Phorbes, and F. Fehsenfeld, Export of North American ozone pollution to the North Atlantic Ocean, Science, 259, 1436-1439, 1993.
41. Parrish, D. D., M. Trainer, J. S. Holloway, J. E. Yee, M. S. Warshawsky, F. C. Fehsenfeld, G. L. Forbes, and J. L. Moody, Relationships between ozone and carbon monoxide at surface sites in the North Atlantic region, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 13,357-13,376, 1998.
42. Pickering, K. E., R. R. Dickerson, W. T. Luke, and L. J. Nunnermacker, Clear-sky vertical profiles of trace gases as influenced by upstream convective activity, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 14,879-14,892, 1989.
43. Poulida, O., R. R. Dickerson, B. G. Doddridge, J. Z. Holland, R. G. Wardell, and J. G. Watkins, Trace gas concentrations and meteorology in rural Virginia, 1, Ozone and carbon monoxide, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 22,461-22,475, 1991.
44. Rhoads, K. P., The influence of continental emissions on the composition of the remote marine boundary layer, Ph.D. thesis, Dep. of Chem., Univ. of Md., College Park, 1998.
45. 3 episode in the mid-Atlantic states, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 48, 786-797, 1998.
46. Seinfeld, J. H., and S. N. Pandis, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change, John Wiley, New York, 1998.
47. Thompson, A. M., The oxidizing capacity of the earth's atmosphere: Probable past and future changes, Science, 256, 1157-1164, 1992.
48. Thompson, A. M., K. E. Pickering, R. R Dickerson, W. G. Ellis, D. J. Jacob, J. R. Scala, W. Tao, D. P. McNamara, and J. Simpson, Convective transport over the central United States and its role in regional CO and ozone budgets, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 18,703-18,711, 1994.
49. x, and aerosol species on Bermuda, Atmos. Environ., 20(6), 1229-1239, 1986.
50. Yienger, J. J., A. A. Klonecki, H. Levy II, W. J. Moxim, and G. R. Carmichael, An evaluation of chemistry's role in the winter-spring ozone maximum found in the northern midlatitude free troposphere, J. Geophys. Res, 104, 3655-3667, 1999.