The hydrophobic phosphorylation motif of conventional protein kinase C is regulated by autophosphorylation

Current Biology

Volumn 9, Issue 14, 1999, Pages 728-737

  Behn Krappa, Annett ^a   Newton, Alexandra C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA;

EID: 0033565608     PISSN: 09609822     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0960-9822(99)80332-7     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Pelech SL: Networking with protein kinases. Curr Biol 1993, 3:513-515.
2. Smith JA, Francis, SH, Corbin JD: Autophosphorylation: A salient feature of protein kinases. Mol Cell Biochem 1993, 127-128:51-70.
3. Johnson LN, Noble MEM, Owen DJ: Active and inactive protein kinases: Structural basis for regulation. Cell 1996, 85:149-158.
4. Robinson MJ, Cobb MH: Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1997, 9:180-186.
5. Keranen LM, Dutil EM, Newton AC: Protein kinase C is regulated in vivo by three functionally distinct phosphorylations. Curr Biol 1995,5:1394-1403.
6. Pearson RB, Dennis PB, Han J-W, Williamson NA, Kozma SC, Wettenhall REH, Thomas G: The principal target of rapamycin-induced p70s6k inactivation is a novel phosphorylation site within a conserved hydrophobic domain. EMBO J 1995, 14:5279-5287.
7. Edwards AS, Newton AC: Phosphorylation at conserved carboxyl-terminal hydrophobic motif regulates the catalytic and regulatory domains of protein kinase C. J Biol Chem 1997, 272:18382-18390.
8. Bornancin F, Parker PJ: Phosphorylation of protein kinase C alpha on serine 657 controls the accumulation of active enzyme and contributes to its phosphatase-resistant state. J Biol Chem 1997, 272:3544-3549.
9. Weng Q-P, Kozlowski M, Belham C, Zhang A, Comb MJ, Avruch J: Regulation of the p70 S6 kinase by phosphorylation in vivo. J Biol Chem 1998, 273:16621-16629.
10. Edwards AS, Faux MC, Scott JD, Newton AC: Carboxyl-terminal phosphorylation regulates the function and subcellular localization of protein kinase C βII. J Biol Chem 1999, 274:6461-6468.
11. Nishizuka Y: Protein kinase C and lipid signalling for sustained cellular responses. FASEB J 1995, 9:484-496.
12. Newton AC: Regulation of protein kinase C. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1997, 9:161-167.
13. Dutil EM, Keranen LM, DePaoli-Roach AA, Newton AC: In vivo regulation of protein kinase C by trans-phosphorylation followed by autophosphorylation. J Biol Chem 1994, 269:29359-29362.
14. Dutil EM, Toker A, Newton AC: Regulation of conventional protein kinase C isozymes by phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK-1). Curr Biol 1998, 8:1366-1375.
15. Tsutakawa SE, Medzihradszky KF, Flint AJ, Burlingame AL, Koshland DE Jr: Determination of in vivo phosphorylation sites in protein kinase C. J Biol Chem 1995, 270:26807-26812.
16. Chou MM, Hou W, JOhnson J, Graham LK, Lee MH, Chen C-S, et al.: Regulation of protein kinase zeta by PI 3-kinase and PDK-1. Curr Biol 1998, 8:1069-1077.
17. Le Good JA, Ziegler WH, Parekh DB, Alessi DR, Cohen P, Parker PJ: Protein kinase C isotypes controlled by phosphoinositide 3-kinase through the protein kinase PDK1. Science 1998, 281:2042-2045.
18. Orr JW, Newton AC: Requirement for negative charge on "activation loop" of protein kinase C. J Biol Chem 1994, 269:27715-27718.
19. Cazaubon S, Bornancin F, Parker PJ: Threonine-497 is a critical site for permissive activation of protein kinase Cα. Biochem J 1994, 301:443-448.
20. Veron M, Radzio-Andzelm E, Tsigelny I, Ten Eyck LF, Taylor SS: A conserved helix motif complements the protein kinase core. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993, 90:10618-10622.
21. 2+ differentially regulates conventional protein kinase Cs' membrane interaction and activation. J Biol Chem 1997, 272:25959-25967.
22. Kishimoto A, Mikawa K, Hashimoto K, Yasuda I, Tanaka S-1, Tominaga M, et al.: Limited proteolysis of protein kinase C subspecies by calcium-dependent neutral protease (calpain). J Biol Chem 1989, 264:4088-4092.
23. Huang K-P, Huang FL: Differential sensitivity of protein kinase C isozymes to phospholipid-induced inactivation. J Biol Chem 1990, 265:738-744.
24. Chakravarthy BR, Bussey A, Whitfield JF, Sikorska M, Williams RE, Durkin JP: The direct measurement of protein kinase C (PKC) activity in isolated membranes using a selective peptide substrate. Anal Biochem 1991, 196:144-150.
25. Newton AC, Koshland DE Jr: Protein kinase C autophosphorylates by an intrapeptide reaction. J Biol Chem 1987, 262:10185-10188.
26. Flint AJ, Paladini RD, Koshland DE Jr: Autophosphorylation of protein kinase C at three separated regions of its primary sequence. Science 1990, 249:408-411.
27. Mochly-Rosen D, Koshland DE Jr: domain structure and phosphorylation of protein kinase C. J Biol Chem 1987, 262:2291-2297.
28. Bazzi MD, Nelsestuen GL: Autophosphorylation of protein kinase C may require a high order of protein-phospholipid aggregates. J Biol Chem 1992, 267:22891-22896.
29. Sando JJ, Chertihin OI, Owens JM, Kretsinger RH: Contributions to maxima in protein kinase C activation. J Biol Chem 1998, 273:34022-34027.
30. Kaplan W, Hüsler P, Klump H, Erhardt J, Sluis-Cremer N, Dirr H: Conformational stability of pGEX-expressed Schistosoma japonicum glutathione S-transferase: A detoxification enzyme and fusion-protein affinity tag. Prot Sci 1997, 6:399-406.
31. Sweatt JD, Atkins CM, Johnson J, English JD, Roberson ED, Chen S-J, et al.: Protected site phosphorylation of PKC in hippocampal long-term potentiation. J Neurochemistry 1998, 71:1075-1085.
32. Downward J: Mechanisms and consequences of activation of protein kinase B/Akt. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1998, 10:262-267.
33. Alessi DR, James SR, Downes CP, Holmes AB, Gaffney PRJ, Reese CB, Cohen P: Characterization of a 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase which phosphorylates and activates protein kinase Bα. Curr Biol 1997, 7:261-269.
34. Balendran A, Casamayor A, Deak M, Paterson A, Gaffney P, Currie R, et al.: PDK1 acquires PDK2 activity in the presence of a synthetic peptide derived from the carboxyl terminus of PRK2. Curr Biol 1999, 9:393-404.
35. Peterson RT, Desai BN, Hardwick JS, Schreiber SL: Protein phosphatase 2A interacts with the 70-kDa S6 kinase and is activated by inhibition of FKBP12-rapamycin-associated protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999, 96:4438-4442.
36. Knopf JL, Lee M-H, Sultzman LA, Kriz RW, Loomis CR, Hewick RM, Bell RM: Cloning and expression of multiple protein kinase C cDNAs. Cell 1986, 46:491-502.
37. Orr JW, Keranen LM, Newton AC: Reversible exposure of the pseudosubstrate domain of protein kinase C by phosphatidylserine and diacylglycerol. J Biol Chem 1992, 267:15263-15266.
38. Smith DB: Purification of glutathione-S-transferase fusion proteins. Methods Mol Cell Biol 1993, 4:220-229.