The biology of chronic myeloid leukemia

New England Journal of Medicine

Volumn 341, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 164-172

  Faderl, Stefan ^a   Talpaz, Moshe ^a   Estrov, Zeev ^a   O'Brien, Susan ^a   Kurzrock, Razelle ^a   Kantarjian, Hagop M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MD ANDERSON CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERFERON; MESSENGER RNA;

CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS; CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA; DRUG MECHANISM; FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; HUMAN; IMMUNOMODULATION; LEUKEMOGENESIS; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; ONCOGENE; PHILADELPHIA 1 CHROMOSOME; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

CELL TRANSFORMATION, NEOPLASTIC; DISEASE PROGRESSION; FUSION PROTEINS, BCR-ABL; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMANS; IMMUNOTHERAPY; LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC; PHILADELPHIA CHROMOSOME; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 0033565561     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199907153410306     Document Type: Review

References (72)

1. Fialkow PJ, Jacobson RJ, Papayannopoulou T. Chronic myelocytic leukemia: clonal origin in a stem cell common to the granulocyte, erythrocyte, platelet and monocyte/macrophage. Am J Med 1977;63:125-30.
2. Nowell PC, Hungerford DA. A minute chromosome in human chronic granulocytic leukemia. Science 1960;132:1497.
3. Talpaz M, Kantarjian HM, McCredie KB. Clinical investigation of human alpha interferon in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Blood 1987;69: 1280-8.
4. Sawyers CL. Chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1330-40.
5. Kantarjian H, Dixon D, Keating MJ, et al. Characteristics of accelerated disease in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Cancer 1988;61:1441-6.
6. Sokal JE, Baccarani M, Russo D, Tura S. Staging and prognosis in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Semin Hematol 1988;25:49-61.
7. Griffin JD, Todd RF III, Ritz J, et al. Differentiation patterns in the blastic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood 1983;61:85-91.
8. Derderian PM, Kantarjian HM, Talpaz M, et al. Chronic myelogenous leukemia in the lymphoid blastic phase: characteristics, treatment response, and prognosis. Am J Med 1993;94:69-74.
9. Rowley JD. A new consistent chromosomal abnormality in chronic myelogenous leukaemia identified by quinacrine fluorescence and Giemsa staining. Nature 1973;243:290-3.
10. Kurzrock R, Gutterman JU, Talpaz M. The molecular genetics of Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemias. N Engl J Med 1988;319: 990-8.
11. Specchia G, Mininni D, Guerrasio A, Palumbo G, Pastore D, Liso V. Ph positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults: molecular and clinical studies. Leuk Lymphoma 1995;18:Suppl 1:37-42.
12. Melo JV. The molecular biology of chronic myeloid leukaemia. Leukemia 1996;10:751-6.
13. Shepherd P, Suffolk R, Hasley J, Allan N. Analysis of molecular breakpoint and m-RNA transcripts in a prospective randomized trial of interferon in chronic myeloid leukaemia: no correlation with clinical features, cytogenetic response, duration of chronic phase, or survival. Br J Haematol 1995;89:546-54.
14. Kurzrock R, Shtalrid M, Romero P, et al. A novel c-abl protein product in Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nature 1987; 325:631-5.
15. Pane F, Frigeri F, Sindona M, et al. Neutrophilic-chronic myeloid leukemia: a distinct disease with a specific molecular marker. Blood 1996;88: 2410-4. [Erratum, Blood 1997;89:4244.]
16. Melo JV, Myint H, Galton DAG, Goldman JM. P190 BCR-ABL chronic myeloid leukaemia: the missing link with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia? Leukemia 1994;8:208-11.
17. bcr/abl gene of the Philadelphia chromosome. Science 1990;247:824-30.
18. Wang JYJ. Abl tyrosine kinase in signal transduction and cell-cycle regulation. Curr Opin Genet Dev 1993;3:35-43.
19. Gale RP, Grosveld G, Canaani E, Goldman JM. Chronic myelogenous leukemia: biology and therapy. Leukemia 1993;7:653-8.
20. Sawyers CL. The bcr-abl gene in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Cancer Surv 1992;15:37-51.
21. Chung S-W, Daniel R, Wong BY, Wong PM. The ABL genes in nor mal and abnormal cell development. Crit Rev Oncog 1996;7:33-48.
22. Verfaillie CM. Biology of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 1998;12:1-29.
23. McWhirter JR, Galasso DL, Wang JY. A coiled-coil oligomerization domain of Bcr is essential for the transforming function of Bcr-Abl oncoproteins. Mol Cell Biol 1993;13:7587-95.
24. Reuter GW, Fu H, Cripe LD, Collier RJ, Pendergast AM. Association of the protein kinases c-Bcr and Bcr-Abl with proteins of the 14-3-3 family. Science 1994;266:129-33.
25. Pendergast AM, Muller AJ, Havlik MH, Maru Y, Witte ON. BCR sequences essential for transformation by the BCR-ABL oncogene bind to the ABL SH2 regulatory domain in a non-phosphotyrosinc-dependent manner. Cell 1991;66:161-71.
26. Puil L, Liu J, Gish G, et al. Bcr-Abl oncoproteins bind directly to activators of the Ras signalling pathway. EMBO J 1994;13:764-73.
27. Sawyers CL, McLaughlin J, Witte ON. Genetic requirement for Ras in the transformation of fibroblasts and hematopoietic cells by the Bcr-Abl oncogene. J Exp Med 1995;181:307-13.
28. Raitano AB, Halpern JR, Hambuch TM, Sawyers CL. The Bcr-Abl oncogene activates Jun kinase and requires Jun for transformation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995;92:11746-50.
29. Afar DE, Goga A, McLaughlin J, Witte ON, Sawyers CL. Differential complementation of Bcr-Abl point mutations with c-Myc. Science 1994; 264:424-6.
30. Strife A, Clarkson B. Biology of chronic myelogenous leukemia: is discordant maturation the primary defect? Semin Hematol 1988;25:1-19.
31. Clarkson B, Strife A. Cytokinetic considerations relevant to development of a successful therapeutic strategy in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Leuk Lymphoma 1993;11:Suppl 1:101-7.
32. Gordon MY, Dowding CR, Riley GP, Goldman JM, Greaves MF. Altered adhesive interactions with marrow stroma of hematopoietic progenitor cells in chronic myeloid leukaemia. Nature 1984;328:342-4.
33. Verfaillie CM, Hurley R, Zhao RCH, Prosper F, Delforge M, Bhatia R. Pathophysiology of CML: do defects in integrin function contribute to the premature circulation and massive expansion of the BCR/ABL positive clone? J Lab Clin Med 1997;129:584-91.
34. Schlaepfer DD, Hanks SK, Hunter T, van der Geer P. Integrin-mediated signal transduction linked to Ras pathway by GRB2 binding to focal adhesion kinase. Nature 1994;372:786-9.
35. Sirard C, Laneuville P, Dick JE. Expression of bcr-abl abrogates factor-dependent growth of human hematopoietic M07E cells by an autocrine mechanism. Blood 1994;83:1575-85.
36. McGahon A, Bissonnette R, Schmitt M, Cotter KM, Green DR, Cotter TC. BCR-ABL maintains resistance of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells to apoptotic cell death. Blood 1994;83:1179-87.
37. Cortez D, Kadlec L, Pendergast AM. Structural and signaling requirements for BCR-ABL-mediated transformation and inhibition of apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol 1995;15:5531-41.
38. Brown RD, Yuen E, Kronenberg H, Rickard KA. Stimulation of persisting colonies in agar cultures by sera from patients with CML and AML. Blood 1986;68:37-40.
39. Estrov Z, Kurzrock R, Wetzler M, et al. Suppression of chronic myelogenous leukemia colony growth by intcrleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist and soluble IL-1 receptors: a novel application for inhibitors of IL-1 activity. Blood 1991;78:1476-84.
40. Mitelman F. The cytogenetic scenario of chronic myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 1993;11:Suppl 1:11-5.
41. Kantarjian HM, Keating MJ, Talpaz M, et al. Chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis: analysis of 242 patients. Am J Med 1987;83:445-54.
42. Ahuja H, Bar-Eli M, Advani SH, Benchimol S, Cline MJ. Alterations in the p53 gene and the clonal evolution of the blast crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989;86:6783-7.
43. Stuppia L, Calabrese G, Peila R, et al. p53 Loss and point mutations are associated with suppression of apoptosis and progression of CML into myeloid blast crisis. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1997;98:28-35.
44. Guinn BA, Mills KI. p53 Mutations, methylation and genomic instability in the progression of chronic myeloid leukaemia. Leuk Lymphoma 1997;26:221-6.
45. Malinen T, Palotie A, Pakkala S, Peltonen L, Ruutu T, Jansson SE. Acceleration of chronic myeloid leukemia correlates with calcitonin gene hypermethylation. Blood 1991;77:2435-40.
46. Litz CE, Vos JA, Copenhaver CM. Aberrant methylation of the major breakpoint cluster region in chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood 1996;88: 2241-9.
47. Sill H, Goldman JM, Cross NCP. Homozygous deletions of the p16 tumor-suppressor gene are associated with lymphoid transformation of chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood 1995;85:2013-6.
48. Guo JQ, Wang JYG, Arlinghaus RB. Detection of BCR-ABL proteins in blood cells of benign phase chronic myelogenous leukemia patients. Cancer Res 1991;51:3048-51.
49. Hochhaus A, Reiter A, Skladny H, Reichert A, Saussele S, Hehlmann R. Molecular monitoring of residual disease in chronic myelogenous leukemia patients after therapy. Rec Res Cancer Res 1998;144:36-45.
50. Muhlmann J, Thaler J, Hilbe W, et al. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on peripheral blood smears for monitoring Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) during interferon treatment: a new strategy for remission assessment. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1998;21:90-100.
51. Seong D, Kantarjian HM, Ro JY, et al. Hypermetaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization for quantitative monitoring of Philadelphia chromosome-positive cells in patients with chronic myclogenous leukemia during treatment. Blood 1995;86:2343-9.
52. Dewald GW, Wyatt WA, Juneau AL, et al. Highly sensitive fluorescence in situ hybridization method to detect double BCR/ABL fusion and monitor response to therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood 1998;91: 3357-65.
53. Buño I, Wyatt WA, Zinsmeister AR, Dietz-Band J, Silver RT, Dewald GW. A special fluorescent in situ hybridization technique to study peripheral blood and assess the effectiveness of interferon therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood 1998;92:2315-21.
54. Hochhaus A, Lin F, Reiter A, et al. Variable numbers of BCR-ABL transcripts persist in CML patients who achieve complete cytogenetic remission with interferon-α. Br J Haematol 1995;91:126-31.
55. Kurzrock R, Estrov Z, Kantarjian H, Talpaz M. Conversion of interferon-induced, long-term cytogenetic remissions in chronic myelogenous leukemia to polymerase chain reaction negativity. J Clin Oncol 1998;16: 1526-31.
56. Talpaz M, Estrov Z, Kantarjian H, Ku S, Foteh A, Kurzrock R. Persistence of dormant leukemic progenitors during interferon-induced remission in chronic myelogenous leukemia. J Clin Invest 1994;94:1383-9.
57. Roberts WM, Estrov Z, Ouspenskaia MV, Johnston DA, McClain KL, Zipf TF. Measurement of residual leukemia during remission in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med 1997;336:317-23.
58. Miyamoto T, Nagafuji K, Akashi K, et al. Persistence of multipotent progenitors expressing AML1/ETO transcripts in long-term remission patients with t(8;21) acute myelogenous leukemia. Blood 1996;87:4789-96.
59. Tobal K, Saunders MJ, Grey MR, Yin JA. Persistence of RAR alpha-PML fusion mRNA detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in patients in long-term remission of acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 1995;90:615-8.
60. Finke J, Slanina J, Lange W, Dolken G. Persistence of circulating t(14;18)-positive cells in long-term remission after radiation therapy for localized-stage follicular lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 1993;11:1668-73.
61. Tobal K, Johnson PR, Saunders MJ, Harrison CJ, Liu Yin JA. Detection of CBFB/MYH11 transcripts in patients with inversion and other abnormalities of chromosome 16 at presentation and remission. Br J Haematol 1995;91:104-8.
62. Biernaux C, Loos M, Sels A, Huez G, Stryckmans P. Detection of major bcr-abl gene expression at a very low level in blood cells of some healthy individuals. Blood 1995;86:3118-22.
63. Bose S, Deininger M, Gora-Tybor J, Goldman JM, Melo JV. The presence of typical and atypical BCR-ABL fusion genes in leukocytes of normal individuals: biologic significance and implications for the assessment of minimal residual disease. Blood 1998;92:3362-7.
64. Sacchi S, Kantarjian H, O'Brien S, Cohen PR, Pierce S, Talpaz M. Immune-mediated and unusual complications during interferon alpha therapy in chronic myelogenous leukemia. J Clin Oncol 1995;13:2401-7.
65. Kolb HJ, Mittermüller J, Clemm C, et al. Donor leukocyte transfusions for treatment of recurrent chronic myelogenous leukemia in marrow transplant patients. Blood 1990;76:2462-5.
66. Collins RH, Shpilberg O, Drobyski WR, et al. Donor leukocyte infusions in 140 patients with relapsed malignancy after allogeneic bone marrow transplant. J Clin Oncol 1997;15:433-44.
67. Kolb HJ, Schattenberg A, Goldman JM, et al. Graft-versus-leukemia effect of donor lymphocyte transfusions in marrow grafted patients. Blood 1995;86:2041-50.
68. Estrov Z, Kurzrock R, Talpaz M. Interferons: basic principles and clinical applications. Austin, Tex.: R.G. Landes, 1993.
69. Gordon MY, Marley SB, Lewis JL, et al. Treatment with interferon-α preferentially reduces the capacity for amplification of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia but spares normal CFU-GM. J Clin Invest 1998;102:710-5.
70. Cornelissen JJ, Ploemacher RE, Wognum BW, et al. An in vitro model for cytogenetic conversion in CML: interferon-α preferentially inhibits the outgrowth of malignant stem cells preserved in long-term culture. J Clin Invest 1998;102:976-83.
71. Bhatia R, McCarthy JB, Verfaillie CM. Interferon-α restores normal β1 integin-mediated inhibition of hematopoietic progenitor proliferation by the marrow microenvironment in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Blood 1996;87:3883-91.
72. Pfeffer LM, Dinarello CA, Herberman RB, et al. Biological properties of recombinant β-interferons: 40th anniversary of the discovery of interferons. Cancer Res 1998;58:2489-99.