메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 203-270

Reopening Inquiry into Cognitive Processes in Writing-To-Learn

Author keywords

Cognitive processes; Constructivism; Genre; Metacognition; Writing

Indexed keywords


EID: 0033425638     PISSN: 1040726X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1021913217147     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (248)

References (245)
  • 1
    • 21144466543 scopus 로고
    • Structural equation modelling of relationships among developmental skills in primary- And intermediate-grade writers
    • Abbott, R. D., and Berninger, V. W. (1993). Structural equation modelling of relationships among developmental skills in primary- and intermediate-grade writers. Journal of Educational Psychology 85: 478-508.
    • (1993) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.85 , pp. 478-508
    • Abbott, R.D.1    Berninger, V.W.2
  • 2
    • 0001734372 scopus 로고
    • The promise of writing-to-learn
    • Ackerman, J. M. (1993). The promise of writing-to-learn. Written Communication 10: 334-370.
    • (1993) Written Communication , vol.10 , pp. 334-370
    • Ackerman, J.M.1
  • 3
    • 0003175791 scopus 로고
    • Writing to improve learning in biology
    • Ambron, J. (1987). Writing to improve learning in biology. Journal of College Science Teaching 16: 263-266.
    • (1987) Journal of College Science Teaching , vol.16 , pp. 263-266
    • Ambron, J.1
  • 4
    • 0011471450 scopus 로고
    • Conceptual learning and writing in the sciences
    • Ambron, J. (1991). Conceptual learning and writing in the sciences. Teaching English in the Two-Year College 18: 114-120.
    • (1991) Teaching English in the Two-Year College , vol.18 , pp. 114-120
    • Ambron, J.1
  • 8
  • 10
    • 0043186658 scopus 로고
    • Introduction: The rhetorical tradition and specialized discourses
    • Bazerman, C., and Russell, D. (eds.), Hermagoras Press, Davis, CA
    • Bazerman, C., and Russell, D. (1994). Introduction: The rhetorical tradition and specialized discourses. In Bazerman, C., and Russell, D. (eds.), Landmark essays on writing across the curriculum, Hermagoras Press, Davis, CA, pp. xvii-xxxviii.
    • (1994) Landmark Essays on Writing Across the Curriculum
    • Bazerman, C.1    Russell, D.2
  • 11
    • 0025381623 scopus 로고
    • The development of text evaluation and revision skills
    • Beal, C. R. (1990). The development of text evaluation and revision skills. Child Development 61: 247-258.
    • (1990) Child Development , vol.61 , pp. 247-258
    • Beal, C.R.1
  • 12
    • 21344462097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of comprehension monitoring in children's revision
    • Beal, C. R. (1996). The role of comprehension monitoring in children's revision. Educational Psychology Review 8: 219-238.
    • (1996) Educational Psychology Review , vol.8 , pp. 219-238
    • Beal, C.R.1
  • 13
    • 21344497581 scopus 로고
    • Writing assignments in statistics classes encourage students to learn interpretation
    • Beins, B. C. (1993). Writing assignments in statistics classes encourage students to learn interpretation. Teaching of Psychology 20: 161-164.
    • (1993) Teaching of Psychology , vol.20 , pp. 161-164
    • Beins, B.C.1
  • 14
    • 0042685590 scopus 로고
    • Effective tests: Let them write!
    • Benson, B. P. (1991). Effective tests: Let them write! English Journal 80(2): 74-79.
    • (1991) English Journal , vol.80 , Issue.2 , pp. 74-79
    • Benson, B.P.1
  • 16
    • 0001623223 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive operations in constructing main points in written composition
    • Bereiter, C., Burtis, P. J., and Scardamalia, M. (1988). Cognitive operations in constructing main points in written composition. Journal of Memory and Language 27: 261-278.
    • (1988) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.27 , pp. 261-278
    • Bereiter, C.1    Burtis, P.J.2    Scardamalia, M.3
  • 18
  • 19
    • 0043186659 scopus 로고
    • Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Boston, MA
    • Bereiter, C., Scardamalia, M., and Turkish, L. (1980). The child as discourse grammarian, Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Boston, MA.
    • (1980) The Child as Discourse Grammarian
    • Bereiter, C.1    Scardamalia, M.2    Turkish, L.3
  • 22
    • 0042184452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of information in expository text writing
    • Pontecorvo, C., Orsolini, M., Burge, B., and Resnick, L. B. (eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Mahwah, NJ
    • Boscolo, P. (1996). The use of information in expository text writing. In Pontecorvo, C., Orsolini, M., Burge, B., and Resnick, L. B. (eds.), Children's early text construction, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Mahwah, NJ, pp. 209-227.
    • (1996) Children's Early Text Construction , pp. 209-227
    • Boscolo, P.1
  • 23
    • 84991113830 scopus 로고
    • Is written language production more difficult than oral language production? A working memory approach
    • Bourdin, B., and Fayol, M. (1994). Is written language production more difficult than oral language production? A working memory approach. International Journal of Psychology 29: 591-620.
    • (1994) International Journal of Psychology , vol.29 , pp. 591-620
    • Bourdin, B.1    Fayol, M.2
  • 24
    • 0040360074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The comparison of oral and written modes on adults' and children's narrative recall
    • Rijlaarsdam, G., van den Bergh, H., and Couzjin, M. (eds.), The Netherlands: Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam
    • Bourdin, B., Fayol, M., and Darciaux, S. (1996). The comparison of oral and written modes on adults' and children's narrative recall. In Rijlaarsdam, G., van den Bergh, H., and Couzjin, M. (eds.), Theories, models and methodology in writing research, The Netherlands: Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, pp. 159-169.
    • (1996) Theories, Models and Methodology in Writing Research , pp. 159-169
    • Bourdin, B.1    Fayol, M.2    Darciaux, S.3
  • 26
  • 28
    • 0000947479 scopus 로고
    • Using Kintsch's computational model to improve instructional text: Effects of repairing inference calls on recall and cognitive structures
    • Britton, B. K., and Gulgoz, S. (1991). Using Kintsch's computational model to improve instructional text: Effects of repairing inference calls on recall and cognitive structures. J. of Educational Psychology 83: 329-345.
    • (1991) J. of Educational Psychology , vol.83 , pp. 329-345
    • Britton, B.K.1    Gulgoz, S.2
  • 29
    • 0041683749 scopus 로고
    • Writing-to-learn and learning to write
    • Pradl, G. M. (ed.), Boynton/Cook Publishers, Inc., Montclair, NJ
    • Britton, J. (1982). Writing-to-learn and learning to write. In Pradl, G. M. (ed.), Prospect and retrospect: Selected essays of James Britton, Boynton/Cook Publishers, Inc., Montclair, NJ, pp. 94-111. (Reprinted from The Humanity of English: NCTE Distinguished Lectures 1972).
    • (1982) Prospect and Retrospect: Selected Essays of James Britton , pp. 94-111
    • Britton, J.1
  • 30
    • 0042685585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Britton, J. (1982). Writing-to-learn and learning to write. In Pradl, G. M. (ed.), Prospect and retrospect: Selected essays of James Britton, Boynton/Cook Publishers, Inc., Montclair, NJ, pp. 94-111. (Reprinted from The Humanity of English: NCTE Distinguished Lectures 1972).
    • Humanity of English: NCTE Distinguished Lectures 1972
  • 31
    • 0009045861 scopus 로고
    • Notes on a working hypothesis about writing
    • Pradl, G. M. (ed.), Boynton/Cook Publishers, Inc., Montclair, NJ
    • Britton, J. (1982). Notes on a working hypothesis about writing. In Pradl, G. M. (ed.), Prospect and retrospect: Selected essays of James Britton, Boynton/Cook Publishers, Inc., Montclair, NJ, pp. 123-129. (Reprinted from The National Writing Project Network Newsletter 1(3): May 1979.)
    • (1982) Prospect and Retrospect: Selected Essays of James Britton , pp. 123-129
    • Britton, J.1
  • 32
    • 0042685586 scopus 로고
    • May
    • Britton, J. (1982). Notes on a working hypothesis about writing. In Pradl, G. M. (ed.), Prospect and retrospect: Selected essays of James Britton, Boynton/Cook Publishers, Inc., Montclair, NJ, pp. 123-129. (Reprinted from The National Writing Project Network Newsletter 1(3): May 1979.)
    • (1979) The National Writing Project Network Newsletter , vol.1 , Issue.3
  • 33
    • 0009045861 scopus 로고
    • Shaping at the point of utterance
    • Pradl, G. M. (ed.), Boynton/Cook Publishers, Inc. Montclair, NJ
    • Britton, J. (1982). Shaping at the point of utterance. In Pradl, G. M. (ed.), Prospect and retrospect: Selected essays of James Britton, Boynton/Cook Publishers, Inc. Montclair, NJ, pp. 139-145. (Reprinted from Reinventing the rhetorical tradition, by Freedman, A., and Pringle, I. (eds.), (1980). Conway, A. R., L & S Books., for the Canadian Council of Teachers of English).
    • (1982) Prospect and Retrospect: Selected Essays of James Britton , pp. 139-145
    • Britton, J.1
  • 34
    • 0042685576 scopus 로고
    • Conway, A. R., L & S Books., for the Canadian Council of Teachers of English
    • Britton, J. (1982). Shaping at the point of utterance. In Pradl, G. M. (ed.), Prospect and retrospect: Selected essays of James Britton, Boynton/Cook Publishers, Inc. Montclair, NJ, pp. 139-145. (Reprinted from Reinventing the rhetorical tradition, by Freedman, A., and Pringle, I. (eds.), (1980). Conway, A. R., L & S Books., for the Canadian Council of Teachers of English).
    • (1980) Reinventing the Rhetorical Tradition
    • Freedman, A.1    Pringle, I.2
  • 35
    • 0042184474 scopus 로고
    • Spectator role and the beginnings of writing
    • Pradl, G. M. (ed.), Boynton/Cook Publishers, Inc., Montclair, NJ
    • Britton, J. (1982). Spectator role and the beginnings of writing. In Pradl, G. M. (ed.), Prospect and retrospect: Selected essays of James Britton, Boynton/Cook Publishers, Inc., Montclair, NJ, pp. 46-67. (Reprinted from Nystrand, M. (ed.), 1982, What writers know, Academic Press).
    • (1982) Prospect and Retrospect: Selected Essays of James Britton , pp. 46-67
    • Britton, J.1
  • 36
    • 0002161204 scopus 로고
    • Academic Press
    • Britton, J. (1982). Spectator role and the beginnings of writing. In Pradl, G. M. (ed.), Prospect and retrospect: Selected essays of James Britton, Boynton/Cook Publishers, Inc., Montclair, NJ, pp. 46-67. (Reprinted from Nystrand, M. (ed.), 1982, What writers know, Academic Press).
    • (1982) What Writers Know
    • Nystrand, M.1
  • 38
    • 0024097384 scopus 로고
    • Preschool children can learn to transfer: Learning to learn and learning from example
    • Brown, A., and Kane, M. J. (1988). Preschool children can learn to transfer: Learning to learn and learning from example. Cognitive Psychology 20: 493-523.
    • (1988) Cognitive Psychology , vol.20 , pp. 493-523
    • Brown, A.1    Kane, M.J.2
  • 40
    • 21344473398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental, cognitive, and metacognitive influences on text revision: Assessing the evidence
    • Butterfield, E. C., Hacker, D. J., and Albertson, L. R. (1996). Environmental, cognitive, and metacognitive influences on text revision: Assessing the evidence. Educational Psychology Review 8: 239-297.
    • (1996) Educational Psychology Review , vol.8 , pp. 239-297
    • Butterfield, E.C.1    Hacker, D.J.2    Albertson, L.R.3
  • 41
    • 21344443267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Written expression as recontextualization: Children write in social time
    • Cameron, C. A., Hunt, A. K., and Linton, M. J. (1996). Written expression as recontextualization: Children write in social time. Educational Psychology Review 8: 125-150.
    • (1996) Educational Psychology Review , vol.8 , pp. 125-150
    • Cameron, C.A.1    Hunt, A.K.2    Linton, M.J.3
  • 43
    • 0030373938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elicitation of knowledge transformational reports while children write narratives
    • Cameron, C. A., and Moshenko, B. (1996). Elicitation of knowledge transformational reports while children write narratives. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science 28: 271-280.
    • (1996) Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science , vol.28 , pp. 271-280
    • Cameron, C.A.1    Moshenko, B.2
  • 46
    • 84937285455 scopus 로고
    • Text cues and strategies successful readers use to construct the gist of lengthy written arguments
    • Chambliss, M. J. (1995). Text cues and strategies successful readers use to construct the gist of lengthy written arguments. Reading Research Quarterly 30: 778-807.
    • (1995) Reading Research Quarterly , vol.30 , pp. 778-807
    • Chambliss, M.J.1
  • 47
    • 0003165296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Knowledge building as a mediator of conflict in conceptual change
    • Chan, C., Burtis, J., and Bereiter, C. (1997). Knowledge building as a mediator of conflict in conceptual change. Cognition and Instruction 15: 1-40.
    • (1997) Cognition and Instruction , vol.15 , pp. 1-40
    • Chan, C.1    Burtis, J.2    Bereiter, C.3
  • 48
    • 84970205820 scopus 로고
    • The role of anomalous data in knowledge acquisition: A theoretical framework and implications for science instruction
    • Chin, C. A., and Brewer, W. F. (1993). The role of anomalous data in knowledge acquisition: A theoretical framework and implications for science instruction. Review of Educational Research 63: 1-49.
    • (1993) Review of Educational Research , vol.63 , pp. 1-49
    • Chin, C.A.1    Brewer, W.F.2
  • 49
    • 84873952165 scopus 로고
    • Not all preconceptions are misconceptions: Finding 'anchoring conceptions' for grounding instruction on students' intuitions
    • Clement, J., Brown, D. E., and Zeitsman, A. (1989). Not all preconceptions are misconceptions: Finding 'anchoring conceptions' for grounding instruction on students' intuitions. International Journal of Science Education 11: 554-565.
    • (1989) International Journal of Science Education , vol.11 , pp. 554-565
    • Clement, J.1    Brown, D.E.2    Zeitsman, A.3
  • 53
    • 34248944813 scopus 로고
    • Depth of processing and the retention of words in episodic memory
    • Craik, F. I. M., and Tulving, E. (1975). Depth of processing and the retention of words in episodic memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 104: 268-294.
    • (1975) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.104 , pp. 268-294
    • Craik, F.I.M.1    Tulving, E.2
  • 54
    • 84936526895 scopus 로고
    • A self-questioning strategy to increase young writers' revising processes
    • Daiute, C., and Kruideneir, J. (1985). A self-questioning strategy to increase young writers' revising processes. Applied Psycholinguistics 6: 307-318.
    • (1985) Applied Psycholinguistics , vol.6 , pp. 307-318
    • Daiute, C.1    Kruideneir, J.2
  • 55
    • 0009087895 scopus 로고
    • Writing-to-learn in elementary social studies
    • Davis, B. H., Rooze, G. E., and Runnels, M. K. T. (1992). Writing-to-learn in elementary social studies. Social Education 56: 393-397.
    • (1992) Social Education , vol.56 , pp. 393-397
    • Davis, B.H.1    Rooze, G.E.2    Runnels, M.K.T.3
  • 56
    • 0031497274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of dictation and advanced planning instruction on the composing of students with writing and learning problems
    • De La Paz, S., and Graham, S. (1997). Effects of dictation and advanced planning instruction on the composing of students with writing and learning problems. Journal of Educational Psychology 89: 203-222.
    • (1997) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.89 , pp. 203-222
    • De La Paz, S.1    Graham, S.2
  • 57
    • 84963386955 scopus 로고
    • Anaphoric procedures in four text types written by children
    • De Week, G., and Schneuwly, B., (1994). Anaphoric procedures in four text types written by children. Discourse Processes 17: 465-477.
    • (1994) Discourse Processes , vol.17 , pp. 465-477
    • De Week, G.1    Schneuwly, B.2
  • 58
    • 0032364507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences within problem-solving strategies used in physics
    • Dhillon, A. S. (1998). Individual differences within problem-solving strategies used in physics. Science Education 82: 379-405.
    • (1998) Science Education , vol.82 , pp. 379-405
    • Dhillon, A.S.1
  • 59
    • 84989069080 scopus 로고
    • Literacy learning in secondary school science classrooms: A cross-case analysis of three qualitative studies
    • Dillon, D. R., O'Brien, D. G., and Moje, E. B. (1994). Literacy learning in secondary school science classrooms: A cross-case analysis of three qualitative studies. Journal of Research in Science Teaching 31: 345-362.
    • (1994) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.31 , pp. 345-362
    • Dillon, D.R.1    O'Brien, D.G.2    Moje, E.B.3
  • 61
    • 0002021117 scopus 로고
    • Unlearning Aristotelian physics: A study of knowledge-based learning
    • di Sessa, A. (1982). Unlearning Aristotelian physics: A study of knowledge-based learning, Cognitive Science 6: 37-75.
    • (1982) Cognitive Science , vol.6 , pp. 37-75
    • Di Sessa, A.1
  • 63
    • 0030497040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contextual influences on children's spoken and written explanations
    • Donaldson, M. L. (1996). Contextual influences on children's spoken and written explanations. Applied Psycholinguistics 17: 355-375.
    • (1996) Applied Psycholinguistics , vol.17 , pp. 355-375
    • Donaldson, M.L.1
  • 65
    • 84935412640 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive and linguistic demands of analytic writing
    • Durst, R. K. (1987). Cognitive and linguistic demands of analytic writing. Research in the Teaching of English 21: 347-376.
    • (1987) Research in the Teaching of English , vol.21 , pp. 347-376
    • Durst, R.K.1
  • 68
    • 0004091796 scopus 로고
    • Oxford University Press, New York
    • Elbow, P. (1981). Writing with power, Oxford University Press, New York.
    • (1981) Writing with Power
    • Elbow, P.1
  • 70
    • 0000153287 scopus 로고
    • Developing successful writers through cognitive strategy instruction
    • Englert, C. S., and Raphael, T. E. (1989). Developing successful writers through cognitive strategy instruction. Advances in Research on Teaching 1: 105-151.
    • (1989) Advances in Research on Teaching , vol.1 , pp. 105-151
    • Englert, C.S.1    Raphael, T.E.2
  • 71
    • 0346866974 scopus 로고
    • Young writers' use of text structure in expository text generation
    • Englert, C. S., Stewart, S. R., and Hiebert, E. H. (1988). Young writers' use of text structure in expository text generation. J. of Educational Psychology 80: 143-151.
    • (1988) J. of Educational Psychology , vol.80 , pp. 143-151
    • Englert, C.S.1    Stewart, S.R.2    Hiebert, E.H.3
  • 72
    • 0007216654 scopus 로고
    • The one and the many
    • Steffe, L. P., and Gale, J. (eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Ernest, P. (1995). The one and the many. In Steffe, L. P., and Gale, J. (eds.), Constructivism in education, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 459-486.
    • (1995) Constructivism in Education , pp. 459-486
    • Ernest, P.1
  • 74
    • 0011399470 scopus 로고
    • Thought from language: The linguistic construction of cognitive representations
    • Bruner, J., and Haste, H. (eds.), Routledge, London, Great Britain
    • Feldman, C. F. (1987). Thought from language: The linguistic construction of cognitive representations. In Bruner, J., and Haste, H. (eds.), Making sense: The child's construction of the world, Routledge, London, Great Britain, pp. 131-146.
    • (1987) Making Sense: the Child's Construction of the World , pp. 131-146
    • Feldman, C.F.1
  • 75
    • 84989095302 scopus 로고
    • A window into thinking: Using student writing to understand conceptual change in science learning
    • Fellows, N. J. (1994). A window into thinking: Using student writing to understand conceptual change in science learning. Journal of Science Teaching 31: 985-1001.
    • (1994) Journal of Science Teaching , vol.31 , pp. 985-1001
    • Fellows, N.J.1
  • 76
    • 0002584175 scopus 로고
    • The cognition of discovery: Defining a rhetorical problem
    • Flower, L., and Hayes, J. R. (1980a). The cognition of discovery: Defining a rhetorical problem. College Composition and Communication 31: 21-32.
    • (1980) College Composition and Communication , vol.31 , pp. 21-32
    • Flower, L.1    Hayes, J.R.2
  • 77
    • 85128326197 scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of composing: Making plans and juggling constraints
    • Gregg, L. W., and Steinberg, E. R. (eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Flower, L., and Hayes, J. R. (1980b). The dynamics of composing: Making plans and juggling constraints. In Gregg, L. W., and Steinberg, E. R. (eds.), Cognitive processes in writing, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 31-50.
    • (1980) Cognitive Processes in Writing , pp. 31-50
    • Flower, L.1    Hayes, J.R.2
  • 79
    • 0002690114 scopus 로고
    • Plans that guide the composing process
    • Fredriksen, C. H., and Dominic, J. F. (eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Flower, L. S., and Hayes, J. R. (1981b). Plans that guide the composing process. In Fredriksen, C. H., and Dominic, J. F. (eds.), Writing: The nature, development and teaching of written communication, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 39-58.
    • (1981) Writing: the Nature, Development and Teaching of Written Communication , pp. 39-58
    • Flower, L.S.1    Hayes, J.R.2
  • 80
    • 0001610815 scopus 로고
    • The pregnant pause: An inquiry into the nature of planning
    • Flower, L. S., and Hayes, J. R. (1981c). The pregnant pause: An inquiry into the nature of planning. Research in the Teaching of English 15: 229-244.
    • (1981) Research in the Teaching of English , vol.15 , pp. 229-244
    • Flower, L.S.1    Hayes, J.R.2
  • 81
    • 84965506746 scopus 로고
    • Images, plans, and prose: The representation of meaning in writing
    • Flower, L., and Hayes, J. R. (1984). Images, plans, and prose: The representation of meaning in writing. Written Communication 1: 120-160.
    • (1984) Written Communication , vol.1 , pp. 120-160
    • Flower, L.1    Hayes, J.R.2
  • 83
    • 84948179033 scopus 로고
    • The effect of variations in text summarization opportunities on test performance
    • Foos, P. W. (1995). The effect of variations in text summarization opportunities on test performance. Journal of Experimental Education 63: 89-95.
    • (1995) Journal of Experimental Education , vol.63 , pp. 89-95
    • Foos, P.W.1
  • 84
    • 0043186638 scopus 로고
    • The writing process: A strategy for problem-solvers
    • Ford, M. I. (1990). The writing process: A strategy for problem-solvers. Arithmetic Teacher 38(3): 35-38.
    • (1990) Arithmetic Teacher , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 35-38
    • Ford, M.I.1
  • 86
    • 0010315998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Navigating the current of economic policy: Written genres and the distribution of cognitive work at a financial institution
    • Freedman, A., and Smart, G. (1997). Navigating the current of economic policy: Written genres and the distribution of cognitive work at a financial institution. Mind, Culture, and Activity 4: 238-255.
    • (1997) Mind, Culture, and Activity , vol.4 , pp. 238-255
    • Freedman, A.1    Smart, G.2
  • 87
    • 0009128246 scopus 로고
    • The argument for writing across the curriculum
    • Young, A., and Fulwiler, T. (eds.), Boynton/Cook Publishers, Inc., Upper Montclair, NJ
    • Fulwiler, T. (1986). The argument for writing across the curriculum. In Young, A., and Fulwiler, T. (eds.), Writing across the disciplines: Research into practice, Boynton/Cook Publishers, Inc., Upper Montclair, NJ, pp. 21-32.
    • (1986) Writing Across the Disciplines: Research into Practice , pp. 21-32
    • Fulwiler, T.1
  • 89
    • 21144473589 scopus 로고
    • Conditions for discovery through writing
    • Galbraith, D. (1992). Conditions for discovery through writing. Instructional Science 21: 45-72.
    • (1992) Instructional Science , vol.21 , pp. 45-72
    • Galbraith, D.1
  • 90
    • 0039789091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-monitoring, discovery through writing and individual differences in drafting strategy
    • Rijlaarsdam, G., van den Bergh, H., and Couzjin, M. (eds.), Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
    • Galbraith, D. (1996). Self-monitoring, discovery through writing and individual differences in drafting strategy. In Rijlaarsdam, G., van den Bergh, H., and Couzjin, M. (eds.), Theories, models and methodology in writing research, Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. pp. 121-141.
    • (1996) Theories, Models and Methodology in Writing Research , pp. 121-141
    • Galbraith, D.1
  • 91
    • 84970216908 scopus 로고
    • When children and adults do not use learning strategies: Toward a theory of settings
    • Garner, R. (1990). When children and adults do not use learning strategies: Toward a theory of settings. Review of Educational Research 60: 517-529.
    • (1990) Review of Educational Research , vol.60 , pp. 517-529
    • Garner, R.1
  • 92
    • 0001151564 scopus 로고
    • Sentence processing
    • Osherson, D. N., and Lasnik, H. (eds.), The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Garrett, M. F. (1990). Sentence processing. In Osherson, D. N., and Lasnik, H. (eds.), Language: An invitation to cognitive science, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, Vol 1., pp. 133-175.
    • (1990) Language: An Invitation to Cognitive Science , vol.1 , pp. 133-175
    • Garrett, M.F.1
  • 93
    • 0010707614 scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of cerebral specialization and modular interactions
    • Wieskrantz, L., (ed.), Clarendon Press, Oxford
    • Gazzaniga, M. S. (1988). The dynamics of cerebral specialization and modular interactions. In Wieskrantz, L., (ed.), Thought without language, Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 430-450.
    • (1988) Thought Without Language , pp. 430-450
    • Gazzaniga, M.S.1
  • 95
    • 0001896435 scopus 로고
    • The consequences of literacy
    • Goody, J. (ed.), Cambridge University Press
    • Goody, J., and Watt, I. (1968). The consequences of literacy. In Goody, J. (ed.), Literacy in traditional societies, Cambridge University Press, pp. 27-68.
    • (1968) Literacy in Traditional Societies , pp. 27-68
    • Goody, J.1    Watt, I.2
  • 96
    • 0000217128 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of writing, dictating, and speaking
    • Requin, J. (ed.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Gould, J. D. (1978). An experimental study of writing, dictating, and speaking. In Requin, J. (ed.), Attention and performance VII, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 299-319.
    • (1978) Attention and Performance VII , pp. 299-319
    • Gould, J.D.1
  • 97
    • 85055298454 scopus 로고
    • The role of task in the development of academic thinking through a reading and writing in a college history course
    • Greene, S. (1993). The role of task in the development of academic thinking through a reading and writing in a college history course. Research in the Teaching of English 27: 46-75.
    • (1993) Research in the Teaching of English , vol.27 , pp. 46-75
    • Greene, S.1
  • 98
    • 84970363707 scopus 로고
    • Expanding the constructivist metaphor: A rhetorical perspective on literacy research and practice
    • Greene, S., and Ackerman, J. M. (1995). Expanding the constructivist metaphor: A rhetorical perspective on literacy research and practice. Review of Educational Research 65: 383-420.
    • (1995) Review of Educational Research , vol.65 , pp. 383-420
    • Greene, S.1    Ackerman, J.M.2
  • 99
    • 0017128361 scopus 로고
    • Teaching essay problem-solving in the context of a medical school physiology course
    • Grover, P. L., Jr. (1976). Teaching essay problem-solving in the context of a medical school physiology course. Journal of Medical Education 51: 423-425.
    • (1976) Journal of Medical Education , vol.51 , pp. 423-425
    • Grover P.L., Jr.1
  • 100
    • 0040593557 scopus 로고
    • Spoken and written modes of meaning
    • Horowitz, R., and Samuels, S. J. (eds.), Academic Press, Inc., San Diego
    • Halliday, M. A. K. (1988). Spoken and written modes of meaning. In Horowitz, R., and Samuels, S. J. (eds.), Comprehending oral and written language, Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, pp. 55-82.
    • (1988) Comprehending Oral and Written Language , pp. 55-82
    • Halliday, M.A.K.1
  • 102
    • 0008999967 scopus 로고
    • Why has language across the curriculum not made a greater impact?
    • Hamilton-Wieler, S. (1987). Why has language across the curriculum not made a greater impact? Education Canada 27(4): 36-41.
    • (1987) Education Canada , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 36-41
    • Hamilton-Wieler, S.1
  • 104
    • 85050421564 scopus 로고
    • The influence of language on thought
    • Hardin, C., and Banaji, M. (1993). The influence of language on thought. Social Cognition 11: 277-308.
    • (1993) Social Cognition , vol.11 , pp. 277-308
    • Hardin, C.1    Banaji, M.2
  • 106
    • 84965708222 scopus 로고
    • The potential for directing study in combined reading and writing activity
    • Hayes, D. A. (1987). The potential for directing study in combined reading and writing activity. Journal of Reading Behavior 19: 333-352.
    • (1987) Journal of Reading Behavior , vol.19 , pp. 333-352
    • Hayes, D.A.1
  • 107
    • 0000024402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new framework for understanding cognition and affect in writing
    • Levy, C. M., and Ransdell, S. (eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Mahwah, NJ
    • Hayes, J. R. (1996). A new framework for understanding cognition and affect in writing. In Levy, C. M., and Ransdell, S. (eds.), The science of writing: Theories, methods, individual differences, and applications, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Mahwah, NJ, pp. 1-27.
    • (1996) The Science of Writing: Theories, Methods, Individual Differences, and Applications , pp. 1-27
    • Hayes, J.R.1
  • 109
    • 0002906603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the nature of planning in writing
    • Levy, C. M., and Ransdell, S. (eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Mahwah, NJ
    • Hayes, J. R., and Nash, J. G. (1996). On the nature of planning in writing. In Levy, C. M., and Ransdell, S. (eds.), The science of writing: Theories, methods, individual differences, and applications, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Mahwah, NJ, pp. 29-55.
    • (1996) The Science of Writing: Theories, Methods, Individual Differences, and Applications , pp. 29-55
    • Hayes, J.R.1    Nash, J.G.2
  • 110
    • 0018750499 scopus 로고
    • Configural effects in human memory: The superiority of memory over external information sources as a basis of inference verification
    • Hayes-Roth, B., and Walker, C. (1979). Configural effects in human memory: The superiority of memory over external information sources as a basis of inference verification. Cognitive Science 3: 119-140.
    • (1979) Cognitive Science , vol.3 , pp. 119-140
    • Hayes-Roth, B.1    Walker, C.2
  • 112
    • 0009078016 scopus 로고
    • An experimental comparison of the effects of focused freewriting and other strategies on lecture comprehension
    • Hinkle, S., and Hinkle, A. (1990). An experimental comparison of the effects of focused freewriting and other strategies on lecture comprehension. Teaching of Psychology 17: 31-35.
    • (1990) Teaching of Psychology , vol.17 , pp. 31-35
    • Hinkle, S.1    Hinkle, A.2
  • 113
    • 0038423616 scopus 로고
    • The linguistic relativity of person cognition: An English-Chinese comparison
    • Hoffman, C., Lau, I., and Johnson, D. R. (1986). The linguistic relativity of person cognition: An English-Chinese comparison. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51: 1097-1105.
    • (1986) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.51 , pp. 1097-1105
    • Hoffman, C.1    Lau, I.2    Johnson, D.R.3
  • 114
    • 84987246084 scopus 로고
    • The effect of writing assignments on achievement in college general chemistry
    • Horton, P. B., Fronk, R. H., and Walton, R. W. (1985). The effect of writing assignments on achievement in college general chemistry. Journal of Research in Science Teaching 22: 535-541.
    • (1985) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.22 , pp. 535-541
    • Horton, P.B.1    Fronk, R.H.2    Walton, R.W.3
  • 115
    • 0008997968 scopus 로고
    • Effective ways of securing the co-operation of all departments in the teaching of English composition
    • Bazerman, C., and Russell, D. (eds.), Hermagoras Press, Davis, CA
    • Hosic, J. F. (1994). Effective ways of securing the co-operation of all departments in the teaching of English composition. In Bazerman, C., and Russell, D. (eds.), Landmark essays on writing across the curriculum, Hermagoras Press, Davis, CA, pp. 23-29. (Reprinted from Journal of Proceedings and Addresses, National Education Association 51 (1913), pp. 478-485).
    • (1994) Landmark Essays on Writing Across the Curriculum , pp. 23-29
    • Hosic, J.F.1
  • 116
    • 0041683725 scopus 로고
    • Hosic, J. F. (1994). Effective ways of securing the co-operation of all departments in the teaching of English composition. In Bazerman, C., and Russell, D. (eds.), Landmark essays on writing across the curriculum, Hermagoras Press, Davis, CA, pp. 23-29. (Reprinted from Journal of Proceedings and Addresses, National Education Association 51 (1913), pp. 478-485).
    • (1913) Journal of Proceedings and Addresses, National Education Association , vol.51 , pp. 478-485
  • 117
    • 0000614406 scopus 로고
    • Lexical slips of the pen and tongue
    • Butterworth, B. (ed.), Academic Press, San Diego, CA
    • Hotopf, W. H. N. (1983). Lexical slips of the pen and tongue. In Butterworth, B. (ed.), Language production, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, Vol. 2, pp. 145-199.
    • (1983) Language Production , vol.2 , pp. 145-199
    • Hotopf, W.H.N.1
  • 118
    • 0010996687 scopus 로고
    • The editing process in writing: A performance study of more and less skilled college writers
    • Hull, G. (1987). The editing process in writing: A performance study of more and less skilled college writers. Research in the Teaching of English 21: 9-29.
    • (1987) Research in the Teaching of English , vol.21 , pp. 9-29
    • Hull, G.1
  • 119
    • 0000584439 scopus 로고
    • The Whorfian hypothesis: A cognitive psychology perspective
    • Hunt, E., and Agnoli, F. (1991). The Whorfian hypothesis: A cognitive psychology perspective. Psychological Review 98: 377-389.
    • (1991) Psychological Review , vol.98 , pp. 377-389
    • Hunt, E.1    Agnoli, F.2
  • 122
    • 0038959681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Writing as problem-solving: The role of concrete and abstract knowledge in the production of written text
    • Rijlaarsdam, G., van den Bergh, H., and Couzjin, M. (eds.), Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • Jeffrey, J. C., and Underwood, G. (1996). Writing as problem-solving: The role of concrete and abstract knowledge in the production of written text. In Rijlaarsdam, G., van den Bergh, H., and Couzjin, M. (eds.), Theories, models and methodology in writing research, Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 61-86.
    • (1996) Theories, Models and Methodology in Writing Research , pp. 61-86
    • Jeffrey, J.C.1    Underwood, G.2
  • 123
    • 0042184446 scopus 로고
    • Two psychologists' experiences with journals
    • Jolley, J. M., and Mitchell, M. L. (1990). Two psychologists' experiences with journals. Teaching of Psychology 17: 40-41.
    • (1990) Teaching of Psychology , vol.17 , pp. 40-41
    • Jolley, J.M.1    Mitchell, M.L.2
  • 124
    • 0041683691 scopus 로고
    • Journal writing as social interaction: Writing-to-learn in the workplace
    • Sinnott, J. D. (ed.), Greenwood Press, Westport, CT
    • Kahaney, P., and Heinrich, K. (1994). Journal writing as social interaction: Writing-to-learn in the workplace. In Sinnott, J. D. (ed.), Interdisciplinary handbook of adult lifespan learning, Greenwood Press, Westport, CT, pp. 218-233.
    • (1994) Interdisciplinary Handbook of Adult Lifespan Learning , pp. 218-233
    • Kahaney, P.1    Heinrich, K.2
  • 126
    • 0002946568 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive function in severe aphasia
    • Wieskrantz, L. (ed.), Clarendon Press, Oxford
    • Kertesz, A. (1988). Cognitive function in severe aphasia. In Wieskrantz, L. (ed.), Thought without language, Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 451-463.
    • (1988) Thought Without Language , pp. 451-463
    • Kertesz, A.1
  • 127
    • 84989078364 scopus 로고
    • The development of scientific reasoning skills in conjunction with collaborative writing assignments: An interpretive study of six ninth-grade students
    • Keys, C. W. (1994). The development of scientific reasoning skills in conjunction with collaborative writing assignments: An interpretive study of six ninth-grade students. Journal of Research in Science Teaching 31: 1003-1022.
    • (1994) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.31 , pp. 1003-1022
    • Keys, C.W.1
  • 130
  • 131
    • 0043186595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • March
    • Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the American Educational Research Association, San Diego, CA
    • Klein, P. D. (1998, March). Children's strategies for writing-to-learn in science, Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the American Educational Research Association, San Diego, CA.
    • (1998) Children's Strategies for Writing-to-learn in Science
    • Klein, P.D.1
  • 132
    • 0033246822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning science through writing: The role of rhetorical structures
    • in press
    • Klein, P. D. (in press). Learning science through writing: The role of rhetorical structures. Alberta Journal of Educational Research.
    • Alberta Journal of Educational Research
    • Klein, P.D.1
  • 133
    • 84970735542 scopus 로고
    • Using a writing strategy to enhance sixth-grade students' comprehension of content material
    • Konopak, B. C., Martin, S. H., and Martin, M. A. (1990). Using a writing strategy to enhance sixth-grade students' comprehension of content material. Journal of Reading Behavior 22: 19-37.
    • (1990) Journal of Reading Behavior , vol.22 , pp. 19-37
    • Konopak, B.C.1    Martin, S.H.2    Martin, M.A.3
  • 134
    • 0003924923 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Kuhn, D. (1991). The skills of argument, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA.
    • (1991) The Skills of Argument
    • Kuhn, D.1
  • 136
    • 84935412414 scopus 로고
    • Learning through writing: Study skills in the content areas
    • Langer, J. A. (1986b). Learning through writing: Study skills in the content areas. Journal of Reading 29: 400-406.
    • (1986) Journal of Reading , vol.29 , pp. 400-406
    • Langer, J.A.1
  • 137
    • 0002120726 scopus 로고
    • Speaking of knowing: Conceptions of understanding in academic disciplines
    • Herrington, A., and Moran, C. (eds.), The Modern Language Association of America, New York
    • Langer, J. A. (1992). Speaking of knowing: Conceptions of understanding in academic disciplines. In Herrington, A., and Moran, C. (eds.), Writing, teaching and learning in the disciplines, The Modern Language Association of America, New York, pp. 69-85.
    • (1992) Writing, Teaching and Learning in the Disciplines , pp. 69-85
    • Langer, J.A.1
  • 139
    • 0043186593 scopus 로고
    • The role of language in cognition: A computational inquiry
    • Harman, G. (ed.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Lehman, J. F., Newell, A., Polk, T., and Lewis, R. L. (1993). The role of language in cognition: A computational inquiry. In Harman, G. (ed.), Conceptions of the human mind: Essays in honor of George A. Miller, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 39-58.
    • (1993) Conceptions of the Human Mind: Essays in Honor of George A. Miller , pp. 39-58
    • Lehman, J.F.1    Newell, A.2    Polk, T.3    Lewis, R.L.4
  • 141
    • 0006701120 scopus 로고
    • Accessing words in speech production: Stages, processes and representations
    • Levelt, W. J. M. (ed.), Cambridge, MA, Blackwell Publishers
    • Levelt, W. J. M. (1993). Accessing words in speech production: Stages, processes and representations. In Levelt, W. J. M. (ed.), Lexical access in speech production, Cambridge, MA, Blackwell Publishers, pp. 1-22.
    • (1993) Lexical Access in Speech Production , pp. 1-22
    • Levelt, W.J.M.1
  • 142
    • 0002637514 scopus 로고
    • Lexical search and order of mention in sentence production
    • Klein, W., and Levelt, W. J. M. (eds.), Reidel, Dortrecht
    • Levelt, W. J. M., and Maassen, B. (1981). Lexical search and order of mention in sentence production. In Klein, W., and Levelt, W. J. M. (eds.), Crossing the boundaries in linguistics, Reidel, Dortrecht pp. 1-22.
    • (1981) Crossing the Boundaries in Linguistics , pp. 1-22
    • Levelt, W.J.M.1    Maassen, B.2
  • 145
    • 0041683687 scopus 로고
    • Contributions of academic and dialogic journals to writing about literature
    • Herrington, A., and Moran, C. (eds.), The Modern Language Association of America, New York
    • MacDonald, S. P., and Cooper, C. R. (1992). Contributions of academic and dialogic journals to writing about literature. In Herrington, A., and Moran, C. (eds.), Writing, teaching, and learning in the disciplines, The Modern Language Association of America, New York, pp. 137-155.
    • (1992) Writing, Teaching, and Learning in the Disciplines , pp. 137-155
    • MacDonald, S.P.1    Cooper, C.R.2
  • 146
    • 0009005028 scopus 로고
    • The use of journals to enhance chemical understanding in a liberal arts chemistry class
    • Malachowski, M. R. (1988). The use of journals to enhance chemical understanding in a liberal arts chemistry class. Journal of Chemical Education 65: 439-440.
    • (1988) Journal of Chemical Education , vol.65 , pp. 439-440
    • Malachowski, M.R.1
  • 147
    • 0042584941 scopus 로고
    • How students handle writing assignments: A study of eighteen responses in six disciplines
    • Herrington, A., and Moran, C. (eds.), The Modern Language Association of America, New York
    • Marsella, J., Hilgers, T. L., and McLaren, C. (1992). How students handle writing assignments: A study of eighteen responses in six disciplines. In Herrington, A., and Moran, C. (eds.), Writing, teaching, and learning in the disciplines, The Modern Language Association of America, New York, pp. 174-188.
    • (1992) Writing, Teaching, and Learning in the Disciplines , pp. 174-188
    • Marsella, J.1    Hilgers, T.L.2    McLaren, C.3
  • 148
    • 0009285736 scopus 로고
    • The effects of writing on students' understanding of literary text
    • Marshall, J. D. (1987). The effects of writing on students' understanding of literary text. Research in the Teaching of English 21: 30-63.
    • (1987) Research in the Teaching of English , vol.21 , pp. 30-63
    • Marshall, J.D.1
  • 149
    • 0043186592 scopus 로고
    • Social processes in education: A reply to Sawyer and Watson (and others)
    • Stierer, B., and Maybin, J. (eds.), The Open University, Clevedon, Great Britain
    • Martin, J. R., Christie, F., and Rothery, J. (1994). Social processes in education: A reply to Sawyer and Watson (and others). In Stierer, B., and Maybin, J. (eds.), Language, literacy and learning in educational practice, The Open University, Clevedon, Great Britain, pp. 232-257.
    • (1994) Language, Literacy and Learning in Educational Practice , pp. 232-257
    • Martin, J.R.1    Christie, F.2    Rothery, J.3
  • 150
    • 0041683688 scopus 로고
    • The development of writing abilities
    • Bazerman, C., and Russell, D. (eds.), Davis, CA, Hermagoras Press
    • Martin, N., D'Arcy, P., Newton, B., and Parker, R. (1994). The development of writing abilities. In Bazerman, C., and Russell, D. (eds.), Landmark essays in writing across the curriculum, Davis, CA, (p. 33-49) Hermagoras Press, (Reprinted from Writing and learning across the curriculum pp. 12-34 (1976), Ward Lock Educational UK).
    • (1994) Landmark Essays in Writing Across the Curriculum , pp. 33-49
    • Martin, N.1    D'Arcy, P.2    Newton, B.3    Parker, R.4
  • 151
    • 0012675996 scopus 로고
    • Ward Lock Educational UK
    • Martin, N., D'Arcy, P., Newton, B., and Parker, R. (1994). The development of writing abilities. In Bazerman, C., and Russell, D. (eds.), Landmark essays in writing across the curriculum, Davis, CA, (p. 33-49) Hermagoras Press, (Reprinted from Writing and learning across the curriculum pp. 12-34 (1976), Ward Lock Educational UK).
    • (1976) Writing and Learning Across the Curriculum , pp. 12-34
  • 152
    • 0000659894 scopus 로고
    • The impact of learning journals on metacognitive and cognitive processes and learning performance
    • McCrindle, A. R., and Christensen, C. A. (1995). The impact of learning journals on metacognitive and cognitive processes and learning performance. Learning and Instruction 5: 167-185.
    • (1995) Learning and Instruction , vol.5 , pp. 167-185
    • McCrindle, A.R.1    Christensen, C.A.2
  • 153
    • 21344470062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A capacity theory of writing: Working memory in composition
    • McCutchen, D. (1996). A capacity theory of writing: Working memory in composition. Educational Psychology Review 3: 299-325.
    • (1996) Educational Psychology Review , vol.3 , pp. 299-325
    • McCutchen, D.1
  • 154
    • 84973203955 scopus 로고
    • Editing strategies and error correction in basic writing
    • McCutchen, D., Hull, G. A., and Smith, W. L. (1987). Editing strategies and error correction in basic writing. Written Communication 4: 139-154.
    • (1987) Written Communication , vol.4 , pp. 139-154
    • McCutchen, D.1    Hull, G.A.2    Smith, W.L.3
  • 155
    • 0000764743 scopus 로고
    • Material-appropriate processing: A contextualist approach to reading and studying strategies
    • McDaniel, M. A., and Einstein, G. O. (1989). Material-appropriate processing: A contextualist approach to reading and studying strategies. Educational Psychology Review 1: 113-145.
    • (1989) Educational Psychology Review , vol.1 , pp. 113-145
    • McDaniel, M.A.1    Einstein, G.O.2
  • 157
    • 0009090028 scopus 로고
    • Writing across the curriculum: An introduction
    • McLeod, S. H., and Soven, M. (eds.), Sage Publications, Inc., Newbury Park, CA
    • McLeod, S. H. (1992). Writing across the curriculum: An introduction. In McLeod, S. H., and Soven, M. (eds.), Writing across the curriculum: A guide to developing programs, Sage Publications, Inc., Newbury Park, CA, pp. 1-11.
    • (1992) Writing Across the Curriculum: A Guide to Developing Programs , pp. 1-11
    • McLeod, S.H.1
  • 158
    • 0004105240 scopus 로고
    • University of Toronto Press, Toronto
    • McLuhan, M. (1962). The Gutenberg galaxy, University of Toronto Press, Toronto.
    • (1962) The Gutenberg Galaxy
    • McLuhan, M.1
  • 159
    • 0002834054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are good texts always better? Text coherence, background knowledge, and levels of understanding in learning from text
    • McNamara, D. S., Kintsch, E., Songer, N. B., and Kintsch, W. (1996). Are good texts always better? Text coherence, background knowledge, and levels of understanding in learning from text. Cognition and Instruction 14: 1-43.
    • (1996) Cognition and Instruction , vol.14 , pp. 1-43
    • McNamara, D.S.1    Kintsch, E.2    Songer, N.B.3    Kintsch, W.4
  • 160
    • 0000852649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who reasons well? Two studies of informal reasoning among children of different grade, ability, and knowledge levels
    • Means, K. L., and Voss, J. F. (1996). Who reasons well? Two studies of informal reasoning among children of different grade, ability, and knowledge levels. Cognition and Instruction 14: 139-178.
    • (1996) Cognition and Instruction , vol.14 , pp. 139-178
    • Means, K.L.1    Voss, J.F.2
  • 162
    • 0001809524 scopus 로고
    • Explaining the 'at rest' condition of an object
    • Minstrell, J. (1982). Explaining the 'at rest' condition of an object. The Physics Teacher 20: 10-14.
    • (1982) The Physics Teacher , vol.20 , pp. 10-14
    • Minstrell, J.1
  • 163
    • 0027620576 scopus 로고
    • Writing quality, reading skills, and knowledge as factors in text comprehension
    • Moravcsik, J. E., and Kintsch, W. (1993). Writing quality, reading skills, and knowledge as factors in text comprehension. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology 47: 360-374.
    • (1993) Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.47 , pp. 360-374
    • Moravcsik, J.E.1    Kintsch, W.2
  • 165
    • 0002519618 scopus 로고
    • Internal revision: A process of discovery
    • Cooper, C. R., and Odell, L. (eds.), National Council of Teachers of English, Urbana, IL
    • Murray, D. M. (1978). Internal revision: A process of discovery. In Cooper, C. R., and Odell, L. (eds.), Research on composing: Points of departure, National Council of Teachers of English, Urbana, IL, pp. 85-103.
    • (1978) Research on Composing: Points of Departure , pp. 85-103
    • Murray, D.M.1
  • 166
    • 0039095656 scopus 로고
    • Writing as process: How writing finds its own meaning
    • Donovan, T. R., and McLelland, B. W. (eds.), National Council of Teachers in English, Urbana, IL
    • Murray, D. M. (1980). Writing as process: How writing finds its own meaning. In Donovan, T. R., and McLelland, B. W. (eds.), Eight approaches to teaching composition, National Council of Teachers in English, Urbana, IL, pp. 3-20.
    • (1980) Eight Approaches to Teaching Composition , pp. 3-20
    • Murray, D.M.1
  • 169
    • 84928459033 scopus 로고
    • Cohesive ties and chains in good and poor freshmen essays
    • Neuner, J. L. (1987). Cohesive ties and chains in good and poor freshmen essays. Research in the Teaching of English 21: 92-105.
    • (1987) Research in the Teaching of English , vol.21 , pp. 92-105
    • Neuner, J.L.1
  • 171
    • 0009080591 scopus 로고
    • Learning from writing in two content areas: A case study/protocol analysis
    • Newell, G. E. (1984). Learning from writing in two content areas: A case study/protocol analysis. Research in the Teaching of English 18: 265-287.
    • (1984) Research in the Teaching of English , vol.18 , pp. 265-287
    • Newell, G.E.1
  • 172
    • 84970157657 scopus 로고
    • The effects of writing in a reader-based and text-based mode on students' understanding of two short stories
    • Newell, G. E., Suszynski, K., and Weingart, R. (1989). The effects of writing in a reader-based and text-based mode on students' understanding of two short stories. Journal of Reading Behaviour 21: 37-57.
    • (1989) Journal of Reading Behaviour , vol.21 , pp. 37-57
    • Newell, G.E.1    Suszynski, K.2    Weingart, R.3
  • 173
    • 84970301483 scopus 로고
    • The effects of writing on learning from expository texts
    • Newell, G. E., and Winograd, P. (1989). The effects of writing on learning from expository texts. Written Communication 6: 196-217.
    • (1989) Written Communication , vol.6 , pp. 196-217
    • Newell, G.E.1    Winograd, P.2
  • 174
    • 84970313835 scopus 로고
    • The effects of written between-draft responses on students' writing and reasoning about literature
    • Newell, G. E. (1994). The effects of written between-draft responses on students' writing and reasoning about literature. Written Communication 11: 311-347.
    • (1994) Written Communication , vol.11 , pp. 311-347
    • Newell, G.E.1
  • 175
    • 0039789086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'How much are we the wiser?': Continuity and change in writing and learning in the content areas
    • Nelson, N., Calfee, R. C., and Rehage, K. J. (eds.), University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL
    • Newell, G. E. (1998). 'How much are we the wiser?': Continuity and change in writing and learning in the content areas. In Nelson, N., Calfee, R. C., and Rehage, K. J. (eds.), The reading-writing connection: Ninety-seventh yearbook of the national society for the study of education, Part II, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, pp. 178-202.
    • (1998) The Reading-writing Connection: Ninety-seventh Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education, Part II , pp. 178-202
    • Newell, G.E.1
  • 176
    • 84928462950 scopus 로고
    • The non-narrative writing of young children
    • Newkirk, T. (1987). The non-narrative writing of young children. Research in the Teaching of English 21: 121-144.
    • (1987) Research in the Teaching of English , vol.21 , pp. 121-144
    • Newkirk, T.1
  • 177
    • 0039938547 scopus 로고
    • Three levels of goal orientation in learning
    • Ng, E., and Bereiter, C. (1991). Three levels of goal orientation in learning. Journal of the Learning Sciences 1: 243-271.
    • (1991) Journal of the Learning Sciences , vol.1 , pp. 243-271
    • Ng, E.1    Bereiter, C.2
  • 178
    • 84925924077 scopus 로고
    • The process of writing and the process of learning
    • Odell, L. (1980). The process of writing and the process of learning. College Composition and Communication 31: 42-50.
    • (1980) College Composition and Communication , vol.31 , pp. 42-50
    • Odell, L.1
  • 179
    • 84883754505 scopus 로고
    • From utterance to text: The bias of language in speech and writing
    • Olson, D. R. (1977). From utterance to text: The bias of language in speech and writing. Harvard Educational Review 47: 257-281.
    • (1977) Harvard Educational Review , vol.47 , pp. 257-281
    • Olson, D.R.1
  • 181
    • 0038855894 scopus 로고
    • Talking about text: How literacy contributes to thought
    • Olson, D. R., and Astington, J. W. (1990). Talking about text: How literacy contributes to thought. Journal of Pragmatics 14: 705-721.
    • (1990) Journal of Pragmatics , vol.14 , pp. 705-721
    • Olson, D.R.1    Astington, J.W.2
  • 183
    • 0009805235 scopus 로고
    • Working with genre: A pragmatic perspective
    • Paltridge, B. (1995). Working with genre: A pragmatic perspective. Journal of Pragmatics 24: 393-406.
    • (1995) Journal of Pragmatics , vol.24 , pp. 393-406
    • Paltridge, B.1
  • 184
    • 0043186590 scopus 로고
    • Writing in content area classrooms
    • Pearce, D. L. (1984). Writing in content area classrooms. Reading World 23: 234-241.
    • (1984) Reading World , vol.23 , pp. 234-241
    • Pearce, D.L.1
  • 186
    • 0042184402 scopus 로고
    • Research into speech production in German-speaking countries
    • Pechmann, T. (1991). Research into speech production in German-speaking countries. The German Journal of Psychology 15: 279-301.
    • (1991) The German Journal of Psychology , vol.15 , pp. 279-301
    • Pechmann, T.1
  • 187
    • 0346789364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Writing about emotional experiences as a therapeutic process
    • Pennebaker, J. W. (1997). Writing about emotional experiences as a therapeutic process. Psychological Science 8: 162-166.
    • (1997) Psychological Science , vol.8 , pp. 162-166
    • Pennebaker, J.W.1
  • 188
    • 84937291167 scopus 로고
    • Effects of high information-processing load on the writing process and the story written
    • Penningroth, S. L., and Rosenberg, S. (1995). Effects of high information-processing load on the writing process and the story written. Applied Psycholinguistics 16: 189-210.
    • (1995) Applied Psycholinguistics , vol.16 , pp. 189-210
    • Penningroth, S.L.1    Rosenberg, S.2
  • 189
    • 0000942837 scopus 로고
    • To write or not to write: Effects of task and task interpretation on learning through writing
    • Penrose, A. M. (1992). To write or not to write: Effects of task and task interpretation on learning through writing. Written Communication 9: 465-500.
    • (1992) Written Communication , vol.9 , pp. 465-500
    • Penrose, A.M.1
  • 190
    • 84973810320 scopus 로고
    • The good, the bad and the ugly: The many faces of constructivism
    • Phillips, D. C. (1995). The good, the bad and the ugly: The many faces of constructivism. Educational Researcher 24(7): 5-12.
    • (1995) Educational Researcher , vol.24 , Issue.7 , pp. 5-12
    • Phillips, D.C.1
  • 191
    • 0000758056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Writing for learning in the junior secondary science classroom: Issues arising from a case study
    • Prain, V., and Hand, B. (1996). Writing for learning in the junior secondary science classroom: Issues arising from a case study. International Journal of Science Education 18: 117-128.
    • (1996) International Journal of Science Education , vol.18 , pp. 117-128
    • Prain, V.1    Hand, B.2
  • 194
    • 0028751713 scopus 로고
    • Writing as process and product: The impact of tool, genre, audience knowledge, and writer expertise
    • Ransdell, S. E., and Levy, C. M. (1994). Writing as process and product: The impact of tool, genre, audience knowledge, and writer expertise. Computers in Human Behavior 10: 511-527.
    • (1994) Computers in Human Behavior , vol.10 , pp. 511-527
    • Ransdell, S.E.1    Levy, C.M.2
  • 196
    • 84989040098 scopus 로고
    • A review of writing-to-learn in science: Implications for practice and research
    • Rivard, L. P. (1994). A review of writing-to-learn in science: Implications for practice and research. Journal of Research in Science Teaching 31: 969-983.
    • (1994) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.31 , pp. 969-983
    • Rivard, L.P.1
  • 198
    • 0040381303 scopus 로고
    • Improving writing opportunities in elementary classrooms
    • Rosaen, C. L. (1990). Improving writing opportunities in elementary classrooms. The Elementary School Journal 90: 418-434.
    • (1990) The Elementary School Journal , vol.90 , pp. 418-434
    • Rosaen, C.L.1
  • 199
    • 84938051126 scopus 로고
    • Development in syntactic and strategic aspects of audience adaptation skills in written persuasive communication
    • Rubin, D., and Piché, G. L. (1979). Development in syntactic and strategic aspects of audience adaptation skills in written persuasive communication. Research in the Teaching of English 13: 293-316.
    • (1979) Research in the Teaching of English , vol.13 , pp. 293-316
    • Rubin, D.1    Piché, G.L.2
  • 201
    • 0039833129 scopus 로고
    • Development of dialectical processes in composition
    • Olson, D. R., Torrance, N., and Hildyard, A. (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Scardamalia, M., and Bereiter C. (1985). Development of dialectical processes in composition. In Olson, D. R., Torrance, N., and Hildyard, A. (eds.), Literacy and language, and learning: The nature and consequences of reading and writing, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 307-329.
    • (1985) Literacy and Language, and Learning: the Nature and Consequences of Reading and Writing , pp. 307-329
    • Scardamalia, M.1    Bereiter, C.2
  • 202
  • 203
    • 0002389964 scopus 로고
    • Literate expertise
    • Ericsson, K. A., and Smith, J. (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England
    • Scardamalia, M., and Bereiter, C. (1991). Literate expertise. In Ericsson, K. A., and Smith, J. (eds.), Toward a general theory of expertise: Prospects and limits, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, pp. 172-194.
    • (1991) Toward a General Theory of Expertise: Prospects and Limits , pp. 172-194
    • Scardamalia, M.1    Bereiter, C.2
  • 204
    • 0000893238 scopus 로고
    • Teachability of reflective processes in written composition
    • Scardamalia, M., Bereiter, C., and Steinbach, R. (1984). Teachability of reflective processes in written composition. Cognitive Science 8: 173-190.
    • (1984) Cognitive Science , vol.8 , pp. 173-190
    • Scardamalia, M.1    Bereiter, C.2    Steinbach, R.3
  • 206
    • 0025030872 scopus 로고
    • Lexical and conceptual factors in the naming of relations
    • Schriefers, H. (1990). Lexical and conceptual factors in the naming of relations. Cognitive Psychology 22: 111-142.
    • (1990) Cognitive Psychology , vol.22 , pp. 111-142
    • Schriefers, H.1
  • 207
    • 84935412448 scopus 로고
    • Conceptualizing and measuring knowledge change due to writing
    • Schumacher, G. M., and Nash, J. G. (1991). Conceptualizing and measuring knowledge change due to writing. Research in the Teaching of English 25: 67-96.
    • (1991) Research in the Teaching of English , vol.25 , pp. 67-96
    • Schumacher, G.M.1    Nash, J.G.2
  • 208
    • 0002332474 scopus 로고
    • Studying working intelligence
    • Rogoff, B., and Lave, J. (eds.), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Scribner, S. (1984). Studying working intelligence. In Rogoff, B., and Lave, J. (eds.), Everyday cognition: Its development in social context, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 9-40.
    • (1984) Everyday Cognition: Its Development in Social Context , pp. 9-40
    • Scribner, S.1
  • 209
    • 0000165697 scopus 로고
    • Effects of fortuitously activated constructs versus activated communication goals on person impressions
    • Sedikides, C. (1990). Effects of fortuitously activated constructs versus activated communication goals on person impressions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 58: 397-408.
    • (1990) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.58 , pp. 397-408
    • Sedikides, C.1
  • 210
    • 5444264085 scopus 로고
    • Writing-to-learn: Engineering student journals
    • Seife, C. L., and Arbabi, F. (1983). Writing-to-learn: Engineering student journals. Engineering Education 74: 86-90.
    • (1983) Engineering Education , vol.74 , pp. 86-90
    • Seife, C.L.1    Arbabi, F.2
  • 211
    • 84983731813 scopus 로고
    • Writing across the curriculum
    • Sensenbaugh, R. (1989). Writing across the curriculum. Journal of Reading 32: 462-465.
    • (1989) Journal of Reading , vol.32 , pp. 462-465
    • Sensenbaugh, R.1
  • 212
    • 84973848880 scopus 로고
    • Those who understand: Knowledge growth in teaching
    • Shulman, L. S. (1986). Those who understand: Knowledge growth in teaching. Educational Researcher 15(2): 4-14.
    • (1986) Educational Researcher , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 4-14
    • Shulman, L.S.1
  • 213
    • 0042685513 scopus 로고
    • More than words: The generative power of transmediation for learning
    • Siegel, M. (1995). More than words: The generative power of transmediation for learning. Canadian Journal of Education 20: 455-475.
    • (1995) Canadian Journal of Education , vol.20 , pp. 455-475
    • Siegel, M.1
  • 214
    • 84937298054 scopus 로고
    • Constructing meaning in the disciplines: Reconceptualizing writing across the curriculum as composing across the curriculum
    • Smagorinsky, P. (1995). Constructing meaning in the disciplines: Reconceptualizing writing across the curriculum as composing across the curriculum. American Journal of Education 103: 160-184.
    • (1995) American Journal of Education , vol.103 , pp. 160-184
    • Smagorinsky, P.1
  • 216
    • 0001997684 scopus 로고
    • Writing as a tool for teaching social psychology
    • Snodgrass, S. E. (1985). Writing as a tool for teaching social psychology. Teaching of Psychology 12: 91-96.
    • (1985) Teaching of Psychology , vol.12 , pp. 91-96
    • Snodgrass, S.E.1
  • 217
    • 84970260272 scopus 로고
    • Transforming texts: Constructive processes in reading and writing
    • Spivey, N. N. (1990). Transforming texts: Constructive processes in reading and writing. Written Communication 7: 256-287.
    • (1990) Written Communication , vol.7 , pp. 256-287
    • Spivey, N.N.1
  • 218
    • 84965751280 scopus 로고
    • Writing in history: Narrating the subject of time
    • Stockton, S. (1995). Writing in history: Narrating the subject of time. Written Communication 12: 47-73.
    • (1995) Written Communication , vol.12 , pp. 47-73
    • Stockton, S.1
  • 219
    • 84937287761 scopus 로고
    • The uses and limits of personal or personalized writing in writing theory, research, and instruction
    • Stotsky, S. (1995). The uses and limits of personal or personalized writing in writing theory, research, and instruction. Reading Research Quarterly 30: 758-776.
    • (1995) Reading Research Quarterly , vol.30 , pp. 758-776
    • Stotsky, S.1
  • 221
    • 0041683685 scopus 로고
    • Utilizing ungraded writing in the chemistry classroom
    • Thall, E., and Bays, G. (1989). Utilizing ungraded writing in the chemistry classroom. Journal of Chemical Education 66: 662-663.
    • (1989) Journal of Chemical Education , vol.66 , pp. 662-663
    • Thall, E.1    Bays, G.2
  • 222
    • 0041683669 scopus 로고
    • Thinking and writing in learning logs
    • Atwell, N. (ed.), Heinemann, Portsmouth, NH
    • Thompson, A. (1990). Thinking and writing in learning logs. In Atwell, N. (ed.), Coming to know: Writing-to-learn in the intermediate grades, Heinemann, Portsmouth, NH, pp. 35-51.
    • (1990) Coming to Know: Writing-to-learn in the Intermediate Grades , pp. 35-51
    • Thompson, A.1
  • 223
    • 0008997969 scopus 로고
    • Using expressive writing to teach biology
    • Myers, M. (ed.), National Council of Teachers of English, Urbana, IL
    • Tierney, R. (1985). Using expressive writing to teach biology. In Myers, M. (ed.), The teacher-researcher: How to study writing in the classroom, National Council of Teachers of English, Urbana, IL, pp. 149-166.
    • (1985) The Teacher-researcher: How to Study Writing in the Classroom , pp. 149-166
    • Tierney, R.1
  • 225
    • 0041683683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uses of written language in primary school: Codifying, recording, and interpreting
    • Pontecorvo, C., Orsolini, M., Burge, B., and Resnick, L. B. (eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Mahwah, NJ
    • Tornatore, L. (1996). Uses of written language in primary school: Codifying, recording, and interpreting. In Pontecorvo, C., Orsolini, M., Burge, B., and Resnick, L. B. (eds.), Children's early text construction, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Mahwah, NJ, pp. 277-284.
    • (1996) Children's Early Text Construction , pp. 277-284
    • Tornatore, L.1
  • 226
    • 0008265982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finding something to write about. Strategic and automatic processes in idea generation
    • Levy, C. M., and Ransdell S. (eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ
    • Torrance, M., Thomas, G. V., and Robinson, E. J. (1996). Finding something to write about. Strategic and automatic processes in idea generation. In Levy, C. M., and Ransdell S. (eds.), The science of writing: Theories, methods, individual differences, and applications Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ, pp. 189-205.
    • (1996) The Science of Writing: Theories, Methods, Individual Differences, and Applications , pp. 189-205
    • Torrance, M.1    Thomas, G.V.2    Robinson, E.J.3
  • 227
    • 0004096846 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge University Press, New York
    • Toulmin, S. (1958). The uses of argument, Cambridge University Press, New York.
    • (1958) The Uses of Argument
    • Toulmin, S.1
  • 228
    • 84989040140 scopus 로고
    • Identifying critical junctures in learning in a college course on evolution
    • Trowbridge, J. E., and Wandersee, J. H. (1994). Identifying critical junctures in learning in a college course on evolution. Journal of Research in Science Teaching 31: 459-473.
    • (1994) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.31 , pp. 459-473
    • Trowbridge, J.E.1    Wandersee, J.H.2
  • 229
    • 0346057636 scopus 로고
    • Critical thinking writing assignments in general chemistry
    • VanOrden, N. (1985). Critical thinking writing assignments in general chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education 64: 506-507.
    • (1985) Journal of Chemical Education , vol.64 , pp. 506-507
    • Vanorden, N.1
  • 230
    • 0041683684 scopus 로고
    • Writing and the generation of knowledge
    • Van Nostrand, A. D. (1979). Writing and the generation of knowledge. Social Education 43: 178-180.
    • (1979) Social Education , vol.43 , pp. 178-180
    • Van Nostrand, A.D.1
  • 231
    • 84958916387 scopus 로고
    • (E. Hanfmann & G. Vakar, Trans.), The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Vygtosky, L. S. (1962). Thought and language, (E. Hanfmann & G. Vakar, Trans.), The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
    • (1962) Thought and Language
    • Vygtosky, L.S.1
  • 234
    • 85128295406 scopus 로고
    • Specific thoughts on the writing process
    • Gregg, L. W., and Sternberg, E. R. (eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Wason, P. C. (1980). Specific thoughts on the writing process. In Gregg, L. W., and Sternberg, E. R. (eds.), Cognitive processes in writing, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 129-137.
    • (1980) Cognitive Processes in Writing , pp. 129-137
    • Wason, P.C.1
  • 235
    • 0009903996 scopus 로고
    • Teaching for conceptual change: Confronting children's experience
    • Watson, B., and Konicek, R. (1990). Teaching for conceptual change: Confronting children's experience. Phi Delta Kappan 71: 680-685.
    • (1990) Phi Delta Kappan , vol.71 , pp. 680-685
    • Watson, B.1    Konicek, R.2
  • 236
    • 0003062301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of "playing historian" on learning in history
    • Wiley, J., and Voss, J. F. (1996). The effects of "playing historian" on learning in history. Applied Cognitive Psychology 10: S63-S72.
    • (1996) Applied Cognitive Psychology , vol.10
    • Wiley, J.1    Voss, J.F.2
  • 238
    • 34248856240 scopus 로고
    • Context, text, intertext: Toward a constructivist semiotic of writing
    • Witte, S. P. (1992). Context, text, intertext: Toward a constructivist semiotic of writing. Written Communication 9: 237-308.
    • (1992) Written Communication , vol.9 , pp. 237-308
    • Witte, S.P.1
  • 239
    • 0001758766 scopus 로고
    • Generation of summaries and analogies and analytic and holistic abilities
    • Wittrock, M. C., and Alesandrini, K. (1990). Generation of summaries and analogies and analytic and holistic abilities. American Educational Research Journal 27: 489-502.
    • (1990) American Educational Research Journal , vol.27 , pp. 489-502
    • Wittrock, M.C.1    Alesandrini, K.2
  • 240
    • 0011421886 scopus 로고
    • Knowledge of text coherence and expository writing: A developmental study
    • Wright, R. E., and Rosenberg, S. (1993). Knowledge of text coherence and expository writing: A developmental study. Journal of Educational Psychology 85: 152-158.
    • (1993) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.85 , pp. 152-158
    • Wright, R.E.1    Rosenberg, S.2
  • 242
    • 0002432133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Writing from primary documents: A way of knowing history
    • Young, K. M., and Leinhardt, G. (1998). Writing from primary documents: A way of knowing history. Written Communication 15: 25-68.
    • (1998) Written Communication , vol.15 , pp. 25-68
    • Young, K.M.1    Leinhardt, G.2
  • 243
    • 0009007392 scopus 로고
    • Why write? a reconsideration
    • Conners, R. J., Ede, L. S., and Lunsford, A. A. (eds.), Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale, IL
    • Young, R., and Sullivan, P. (1984). Why write? A reconsideration. In Conners, R. J., Ede, L. S., and Lunsford, A. A. (eds.), Essays on classical rhetoric and modern discourse, Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale, IL, pp. 215-225.
    • (1984) Essays on Classical Rhetoric and Modern Discourse , pp. 215-225
    • Young, R.1    Sullivan, P.2
  • 244
    • 0002614978 scopus 로고
    • Representations in distributed cognitive tasks
    • Zhang, J., and Norman, D. A. (1994). Representations in distributed cognitive tasks. Cognitive Science 18: 87-122.
    • (1994) Cognitive Science , vol.18 , pp. 87-122
    • Zhang, J.1    Norman, D.A.2
  • 245
    • 0029447462 scopus 로고
    • A representational analysis of numeration systems
    • Zhang, J., and Norman, D. A. (1995). A representational analysis of numeration systems. Cognition 57: 271-295.
    • (1995) Cognition , vol.57 , pp. 271-295
    • Zhang, J.1    Norman, D.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.