The concept of auditory stimulus representation in cognitive neuroscience

Psychological Bulletin

Volumn 125, Issue 6, 1999, Pages 826-859

  Näätänen, Risto ^a,b   Winkler, István ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^b HELSINKI UNIVERSITY CENTRAL HOSPITAL   (Finland)

^c INSTITUTE FOR PSYCHOLOGY   (Hungary)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUDITORY CORTEX; AUDITORY NERVOUS SYSTEM; AWARENESS; BRAIN MAPPING; CONCEPT FORMATION; EVOKED AUDITORY RESPONSE; HEARING; HUMAN; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW;

AUDITORY CORTEX; AUDITORY PATHWAYS; AUDITORY PERCEPTION; AWARENESS; BRAIN MAPPING; CONCEPT FORMATION; EVOKED POTENTIALS, AUDITORY; HUMANS;

EID: 0033219836     PISSN: 00332909     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.826     Document Type: Article

References (363)

1. Aaltonen, O., Eerola, O., Hellström, Å., Uusipaikka, E., & Lang, A. H. (1997). Perceptual magnet effect in the light of behavioral and psychophysiological data. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 101, 1090-1106.
2. Aaltonen, O., Eerola, O., Lang, A. H., Uusipaikka, E., & Tuomainen, J. (1994). Automatic discrimination of phonetically relevant and irrelevant vowel parameters as reflected by mismatch negativity. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 96, 1489-1493.
3. Aaltonen, O., Niemi, P., Nyrke, T., & Tuhkanen, M. (1987). Event-related brain potentials and the perception of a phonetic continuum. Biological Psychology, 24, 197-207.
4. Aaltonen, O., Tuomainen, J., Laine, M., & Niemi, P. (1993). Cortical differences in tonal versus vowel processing as revealed by an ERP component called mismatch negativity (MMN). Brain and Language, 44, 139-152.
5. Alain, C., & Woods, D. L. (1997). Attention modulates auditory pattern memory as indexed by event-related brain potentials. Psychophysiology, 34, 534-546.
6. Alain, C., Woods, D. L., & Ogawa, K. H. (1994). Brain indices of automatic pattern processing. NeuroReport, 6, 140-144.
7. Alcaini, M., Giard, M. H., Thevenet, M., & Pernier, J. (1994). Two separate frontal components in the N1 wave of the human auditory evoked response. Psychophysiology, 31, 611-615.
8. Alho, K. (1992). Selective attention in auditory processing as reflected by event-related brain potentials. Psychophysiology, 29, 247-263.
9. Alho, K. (1995). Cerebral generators of mismatch negativity (MMN) and its magnetic counterpart (MMNm) elicited by sound changes. Ear and Hearing, 16, 38-51.
10. Alho, K., Tervaniemi, M., Huotilainen, M., Lavikainen, J., Tiitinen, H., Ilmoniemi, R. J., Knuutila, J., & Näätänen, R. (1996). Processing of complex sounds in the human auditory cortex as revealed by magnetic brain responses. Psychophysiology, 33, 369-375.
11. Alho, K., Woods, D. L., & Algazi, A. (1994). Processing of auditory stimuli during auditory and visual attention as revealed by event-related potentials. Psychophysiology, 31, 469-479.
12. Alho, K., Woods, D. L., Algazi, A., Knight, R. T., & Näätänen, R. (1994). Lesions of frontal cortex diminish the auditory mismatch negativity. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 91, 353-362.
13. Alho, K., Woods, D. L., Algazi, A., & Näätänen, R. (1992). Intermodal selective attention: II. Effects of attentional load on processing of auditory and visual stimuli in central space. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 82, 356-368.
14. Arthur, D. L., Hillyard, S. A., Flynn, E., & Smidt, A. (1989). Neural mechanisms of selective auditory attention. In L. Kaufman, M. Hoke, G. Stroink, & M. Kotani (Eds.), Advances in biomagnetism (pp. 113-116). New York: Plenum.
15. Aulanko, R., Hari, R., Lounasmaa, O. V., Näätänen, R., & Sams, M. (1993). Phonetic invariance in the human auditory cortex. NeuroReport, 4, 1356-1358.
16. Baddeley, A. (1986). Working memory. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
17. Balota, D. A. (1983). Automatic semantic activation and episodic memory encoding. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 22, 88-104.
18. Balota, D. A., & Duchek, J. M. (1986). Voice-specific information and the 20-second delayed-suffix effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 12, 509-516.
19. Barry, R. J., Cocker, K. I., Anderson, J. W., Gordon, E., & Rennie, C. (1992). Does the N100 evoked potential really habituate? Evidence from a paradigm appropriate to a clinical setting. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 13, 9-16.
20. Berman, S., Friedman, D., & Cramer, M. (1990). Age-related changes in processing negativity during selective attention to speech sounds and pure tones. In C. H. M. Brunia, A. W. K. Gaillard, & A. Kok (Eds.), Psychophysiological brain research (Vol. 2, pp. 147-151). Tilburg, the Netherlands: Tilburg University Press.
21. Bertrand, O., Perrin, F., Echallier, J., & Pernier, J. (1988). Topography and model analysis of auditory evoked potentials: Tonotopic aspects. In G. Pfurtscheller & F. H. Lopes da Silva (Eds.), Functional brain imaging (pp. 75-80). Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Hans Huber.
22. Böttcher-Gandor, C., & Ullsperger, P. (1992). Mismatch negativity in event-related potentials to auditory stimuli as a function of varying interstimulus interval. Psychophysiology, 29, 546-550.
23. Bower, G. H., & Hilgard, E. R. (1981). Theories of learning (5th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
24. Bregman, A. S. (1990). Auditory scene analysis: The perceptual organization of sound. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
25. Bressler, S. L. (1990). The gamma wave: A cortical information carrier? Trends in Neurosciences, 13, 161-162.
26. Broadbent, D. E. (1958). Perception and communication. New York: Pergamon Press.
27. Broadbent, D. E. (1984). The maltese cross: A new simplistic model for memory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 7, 55-94.
28. Brugge, J. F., Anderson, D. J., Hind, J. E., & Rose, J. E. (1969). Time structure of discharges in single auditory nerve fibers of the squirrel monkey in response to complex periodic sounds. Journal of Neurophysiology, 32, 386-401.
29. Butler, R. A. (1968). Effect of changes in stimulus frequency and intensity on habituation of the human vertex potential. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 44, 945-950.
30. Butler, R. A. (1972). The auditory evoked response to stimuli producing periodicity pitch. Psychophysiology, 9, 233-237.
31. Callaway, E. (1973). Habituation of averaged evoked potentials in man. In H. V. S. Peeke & M. J. Herz (Eds.), Habituation (Vol. 2, pp. 153-174). New York: Academic Press.
32. Campbell, F. W., Atkinson, J., Francis, M. R., & Green, D. M. (1977). Estimation of auditory thresholds using evoked potentials. In J. E. Desmedt (Ed.), Visual evoked potentials in man: New developments (Vol. 2, pp. 68-78). Basel, Switzerland: Karger.
33. Celesia, G. G. (1976). Organization of auditory cortical areas in man. Brain, 99, 403-417.
34. Celesia, G. G., & Puletti, F. (1971). Auditory input to the human cortex during states of drowsiness and surgical anaesthesia. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 31, 603-609.
35. Celsis, P., Boulanouar, K., Doyon, B., Ranjeva, J. P., Berry, I., Nespoulous, J. L., & Chollet, F. (1999). Differential fMRI responses in the left posterior superior temporal gyrus and left supermarginal gyrus to habituation and change detection in syllables and tones. Neurolmage, 9, 135-144.
36. Cheour, M., Ceponiene, R., Lehtokoski, A., Luuk, A., Allik, J., Alho, K., & Näätänen, R. (1998). Development of language-specific phoneme representations in the infant brain. Nature Neurosci, 1, 351-353.
37. Clynes, M. (1969). Dynamics of vertex evoked potentials: The R-M brain function. In E. Donchin & D. B. Lindsley (Eds.), Average evoked potentials: Methods, results, and evaluations (NASA SP-191, pp. 363-374). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
38. Coles, M. G. H., Gratton, G., & Fabiani, M. (1990). Event-related brain potentials. In J. T. Cacioppo & L. G. Tassinary (Eds.), Principles of psychophysiology (pp. 413-455). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
39. Coltheart, M. (1980). Iconic memory and visible persistence. Perception and Psychophysics, 27, 183-228.
40. Cowan, N. (1984). On short and long auditory stores. Psychological Bulletin, 96, 341-370.
41. Cowan, N. (1987). Auditory sensory storage in relation to the growth of sensation and acoustic information extraction. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 13, 204-215.
42. Cowan, N. (1988). Evolving conceptions of memory storage, selective attention, and their mutual constraints within the human information-processing system. Psychological Bulletin, 104, 163-191.
43. Cowan, N. (1995). Attention and memory. An integrated framework. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
44. Cowan, N., Winkler, I., Teder, W., & Näätänen. R. (1993). Memory prerequisites of the mismatch negativity in the auditory event-related potential (ERP). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 19, 909-921.
45. Crowder, R. G. (1982). Decay of auditory memory in vowel discrimination. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 8, 153-162.
46. Crowder, R. G. (1989). Imagery for musical timbre. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 15, 472-478.
47. Csépe, V., Karmos, G., & Molnár, M. (1988). Subcortical evoked potential correlates of sensory mismatch process during sleep in cats. In M. Bajic (Ed.), Neuron, brain, and behaviour (pp. 43-46). Oxford: Pergamon Press.
48. Csépe, V., Karmos, G., & Molnár, M. (1989). Subcortical evoked potential correlates of early information processing: Mismatch negativity in cats. In E. Basar & T. H. Bullock (Eds.), Brain dynamics: Progress and perspectives (pp. 279-289). Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
49. Csépe, V., Pantev, C., Hoke, M., Hampson, S., & Ross, B. (1992). Evoked magnetic responses of the human auditory cortex to minor pitch changes: Localization of the mismatch field. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 84, 538-548.
50. Csépe, V., Pantev, C., Hoke, M., Ross, B., & Hampson, S. (1997). Mismatch field to tone pairs: Neuromagnetic evidence for temporal integration at the sensory level. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 104, 1-9.
51. Czigler, I., Csibra, G., & Csontos, A. (1992). Age and inter-stimulus interval effect on event-related potentials to frequent and infrequent auditory stimuli. Biological Psychology, 33, 195-206.
52. Czigler, I., & Winkler, I. (1996). Preattentive auditory change detection relies on unitary sensory memory representations. NeuroReport, 7, 2413-2417.
53. Darwin, C. J. (1976). The perception of speech. In E. C. Carterette & M. P. Friedman (Eds.), Handbook of perception (Vol. 7, pp. 175-226). New York: Academic Press.
54. Davis, H., & Zerlin, S. (1966). Acoustic relations of the human vertex potential. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 39, 109-116.
55. Dawson, M. E., & Schell, A. M. (1982). Electrodermal responses to attended and unattended significant stimuli during dichotic listening. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 8, 315-324.
56. Deatherage, B. H., & Evans, T. R. (1969). Binaural masking: Backward, forward, and simultaneous effects. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 46, 362-371.
57. de Boer, E. (1976). On the "residue" and auditory pitch perception. In W. D. Keidel & W. D. Neff (Eds.), Handbook of sensory physiology (Vol. 3, pp. 479-583). New York: Springer-Verlag.
58. Dehaene-Lambertz, G. (1997). Electrophysiological correlates of categorical phoneme perception in adults. NeuroReport, 8, 919-924.
59. Divenyi, P. L., & Hirsh, I. J. (1974). Identification of temporal order in three-tone sequences. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 56, 144-151.
60. Donchin, E., & Coles, M. G. H. (1988). Is the P300 component a manifestation of context updating? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 11, 357-374.
61. Donchin, E., Ritter, W., & McCallum, W. C. (1978). Cognitive psychophysiology: The endogenous components of the ERP. In E. Callaway, P. Tueting, & S. H. Koslow (Eds.), Event-related brain potentials in man (pp. 349-411). New York: Academic Press.
62. Donders, F. C. (1868). Die Schnelligkeit psychischer Prozesse [The speed of psychic processes]. Archive für Anatomie und Physiologie, 657-681.
63. Dool, C. B., Stelmack, R. M., & Rourke, B. P. (1993). Event-related potentials in children with reading disabilities. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 22, 387-398.
64. Doughty, J. M., & Garner, W. R. (1948). Pitch characteristics of short tones: II. Pitch as a function of tonal duration. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, 478-494.
65. Duncan, C. C., & Kaye, W. H. (1987). Effects of clonidine on event-related potential measures of information processing. In R. Johnson, Jr., J. W. Rohrbaugh, & R. Parasuraman (Eds.), Current trends in event-related potential research (pp. 527-531). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
66. Efron, R. (1970a). Effects of stimulus duration on perceptual onset and offset latencies. Perception and Psychophysics, 8, 231-234.
67. Efron, R. (1970b). The relationship between the duration of a stimulus and the duration of a perception. Neuropsychologia, 8, 37-55.
68. Efron, R. (1970c). The minimum duration of a perception. Neuropsychologia, 8, 57-63.
69. Elberling, C., Bak, C., Kofoed, B., Lebech, J., & Særmark, K. (1982). Auditory magnetic fields: Source localization and "tonotopical organization" in the right hemisphere of the human brain. Scandinavian Audiology, 11, 61-65.
70. Elliott, L. L. (1970). Pitch memory for short tones. Perception and Psychophysics, 8, 379-384.
71. Elliott, L. L. (1971). Backward and forward masking. Audiology, 10, 65-76.
72. Engel, A. K., König, P., Kreiter, A. K., Schillen, T. B., & Singer, W. (1992). Temporal coding in the visual cortex: New vistas on integration in the nervous system. Trends in Neuroscience, 15, 218-226.
73. Erwin, R. J., & Buchwald, J. S. (1986). Midlatency auditory evoked responses: Differential recovery cycle characteristics. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 64, 417-423.
74. Escera, C., Alho, K., Winkler, I., & Näätänen, R. (1998). Neural mechanisms of involuntary attention to acoustic novelty and change. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10, 590-604.
75. Evans, E. F. (1977). Frequency selectivity at high signal levels of single units in cochlear nerve and nucleus. In E. F. Evans & J. P. Wilson (Eds.), Hearing - Psychophysics and physiology of hearing (pp. 185-196). London: Academic Press.
76. Farah, M. J., & Smith, A. F. (1983). Perceptual interference and facilitation with auditory imagery. Perception and Psychophysics, 33, 475-478.
77. Fitzgerald, P. G., & Picton, T. W. (1983). Event-related potentials recorded during the discrimination of improbable stimuli. Biological Psychology, 17, 241-276.
78. Ford, J. M., & Hillyard, S. A. (1981). Event-related potentials (ERPs) to interruptions of a steady rhythm. Psychophysiology, 18, 322-330.
79. Forss, N., Mäkelä, J. P., McEvoy, L., & Hari, R. (1993). Temporal integration and oscillatory responses of the human auditory cortex revealed by evoked magnetic fields to click trains. Hearing Research, 68, 89-96.
80. Foyle, D. C., & Watson, C. S. (1984). Stimulus-based versus performance-based measurement of auditory backward recognition masking. Perception and Psychophysics, 36, 515-522.
81. Fuster, J. (1989). The prefrontal cortex: Anatomy, physiology, and neuropsychology of the frontal lobe. New York: Raven Press.
82. Galbraith, G. C. (1994). Two-channel brain-stem frequency-following response to pure tone and missing fundamental stimuli. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 92, 321-330.
83. Garner, W. R. (1947). Accuracy of binaural loudness matching with repeated short tones. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 37, 337-350.
84. Gerken, G. M. (1993). Alteration of central auditory processing of brief stimuli: A review and a neural model. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 93, 2038-2049.
85. Gersuni, G. V. (1971). Temporal organization of the auditory function. In G. V. Gersuni (Ed.), Sensory processes at the neuronal and behavioral levels (pp. 85-114). New York: Academic Press.
86. Giard, M. H., Lavikainen, J., Reinikainen, K., Bertrand, O., Pernier, J., & Näätänen, R. (1995). Separate representation of stimulus frequency, intensity, and duration in auditory sensory memory: An event-related potential and dipole-model study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 7, 133-143.
87. Giard, M. H., Perrin, F., Echallier, J. F., Thevenet, M., Froment, J. C., & Pernier, J. (1994). Dissociation of temporal and frontal components in the human auditory N1 wave: A scalp current density and dipole model analysis. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 92, 238-252.
88. Giard, M. H., Perrin, F., Pernier, J., & Bouchet, P. (1990). Brain generators implicated in processing of auditory stimulus deviance: A topographic event-related potential study. Psychophysiology, 27, 627-640.
89. Goldstein, R., Rodman, L. B., & Karlovich, R. S. (1972). Effects of stimulus rate and number on early components of the averaged electroencephalic responses. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 15, 559-566.
90. Gomes, H., Bernstein, R., Ritter, W., Vaughan, H. G., Jr., & Miller, J. (1997). Storage of feature conjunctions in transient auditory memory. Psychophysiology, 34, 712-716.
91. Graham, F. K., & Clifton, R. K. (1966). Heart rate changes as a component of the orienting response. Psychological Bulletin, 65, 305-320.
92. Gratton, G., & Fabiani, M. (1998). Dynamic brain imaging: Event-related optical signal (EROS) measures of the time course and localization of cognitive-related activity. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 5, 353-363.
93. Gray, C. M., König, P., Engel, A. K., & Singer, W. (1989, March 23). Oscillatory responses in cat visual cortex exhibit inter-columnar synchronization which reflects global stimulus properties. Nature, 338, 334-337.
94. Greenberg, S., Marsh, J. T., Brown, W. S., & Smith, J. C. (1987). Neural temporal coding of low pitch: I. Human frequency-following responses to complex tones. Hearing Research, 25, 91-114.
95. Hackley, S. (1993). An evaluation of the automaticity of sensory processing using event-related potentials and brain-stem reflexes. Psychophysiology, 30, 415-428.
96. Halgren, E., Baudena, P., Clarke, J. M., Heit, G., Liégeois, C., Chauvel, P., & Musolino, A. (1995). Intracerebral potentials to rare target and distractor auditory and visual stimuli: I. Superior temporal plane and parietal lobe. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 94, 191-220.
97. Halgren, E., & Marinkovic, K. (1995). Neurophysiological networks integrating human emotions. In M. S. Gazzaniga (Ed.), The cognitive neurosciences (pp. 1137-1151). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
98. Hämäläinen, M., Hari, R., Ilmoniemi, R. J., Knuutila, J., & Lounasmaa, O. V. (1993). Magnetoencephalography - Theory, instrumentation, and application to noninvasive studies of the working human brain. Review of Modern Physics, 65, 413-497.
99. Hansen, J. C., & Hillyard, S. A. (1983). Selective attention to multidimensional auditory stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 9, 1-19.
100. Hansen, J. C., & Hillyard, S. A. (1984). Effects of stimulation rate and attribute cuing on event-related potentials during selective auditory attention. Psychophysiology, 21, 394-405.
101. Hansen, J. C., & Hillyard, S. A. (1988). Temporal dynamics of human auditory selective attention. Psychology, 25, 316-329.
102. Hari, R. (1990). The neuromagnetic method in the study of the human auditory cortex. In F. Grandori, M. Hoke, & G. L. Romani (Eds.), Auditory evoked magnetic fields and electric potentials (Vol. 6, pp. 222-282). Basel, Switzerland: Karger.
103. Hari, R., Hämäläinen, M., Ilmoniemi, R., Kaukoranta, E., Reinikainen, K., Salminen, J., Alho, K., Näätänen, R., & Sams, M. (1984). Responses of the primary auditory cortex to pitch changes in a sequence of tone pips: Neuromagnetic recordings in man. Neuroscience Letters, 50, 127-132.
104. Hari, R., Hämäläinen, M., & Joutsiniemi, S.-L. (1989). Neuromagnetic steady-state responses to auditory stimuli. Journal of the Acoustic Society of America, 86, 1033-1039.
105. Hari, R., Hämäläinen, M., Kaukoranta, E., Mäkelä, J. P., Joutsiniemi, S.-L., & Tiihonen, J. (1989). Selective listening modifies activity of the human auditory cortex. Experimental Brain Research, 74, 463-470.
106. Hari, R., Joutsiniemi, S.-L., Hämäläinen, M., & Vilkman, V. (1989). Neuromagnetic responses of human auditory cortex to interruptions in a steady rhythm. Neuroscience Letters, 99, 164-168.
107. Hari, R., Kaila, K., Katila, T., Tuomisto, T., & Varpula, T. (1982). Interstimulus interval dependence of the auditory vertex response and its magnetic counterpart: Implications for their neural generation. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 54, 561-569.
108. Hari, R., & Mäkelä, J. P. (1986). Neuromagnetic responses to frequency modulation of a continuous tone. Acta Otolaryngologica, Supplement 432, 26-32.
109. Hari, R., Pelizzone, M., Mäkelä, J. P., Hällström, J., Leinonen, L., & Lounasmaa, O. V. (1987). Neuromagnetic responses of the human auditory cortex to on- and offsets of noise bursts. Audiology, 26, 31-43.
110. Hari, R., Rif, J., Tiihonen, J., & Sams, M. (1992). Neuromagnetic mismatch fields to single and paired tones. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 82, 152-154.
111. Hawkins, H. L., & Presson, J. C. (1977). Masking and preperceptual selectivity in auditory recognition. In S. Dornic (Ed.), Attention and performance VI (pp. 195-211). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
112. Hawkins, H. L., & Presson, J. C. (1986). Auditory information processing. In K. R. Boff, L. Kaufman, & J. P. Thomas (Eds.), Handbook of perception and human performance (Vol. 2, pp. 26.1-64). New York: Wiley.
113. Hillyard, S. A., & Picton, T. W. (1978). ON and OFF components in the auditory evoked potential. Perception and Psychopkysics, 24, 391-398.
114. Horst, J. W., Javel, E., & Parley, G. R. (1986). Coding of spectral fine structure in the auditory nerve: I. Fourier analysis of period and interspike interval histograms. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 79, 398-416.
115. Huotilainen, M., Ilmoniemi, R. J., Lavikainen, J., Tiitinen, H., Alho, K., Sinkkonen, J., Knuutila, J., & Näätänen, R. (1993). Interaction between representations of different features of auditory sensory memory. NeuroReport, 4, 1279-1281.
116. Hyde, M. (1997). The N1 response and its applications. Audiology and Neuro-Otology, 2, 281-307.
117. Imada, T., Fukuda, K., Kawakatsu, M., Masjiko, T., Odaka, K., Hayashi, M., Aihara, K., & Kotani, M. (1993). Mismatch fields evoked by a rhythm passage. In L. Deecke, C. Baumgartner, G. Stroink, & S. J. Williamson (Eds.), Advances in biomagnetism (pp. 118-119). Vienna: 9th International Conference on Biomagnetism.
118. Intons-Peterson, M. J. (1992). Components of auditory imagery. In D. Reisberg (Ed.), Auditory imagery (pp. 45-71). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
119. Jääskeläinen, I., Alho, K., Escera, K., Winkler, I., Sillanaukee, P., & Näätänen, R. (1996). Effects of ethanol and auditory distraction on forced choice reaction time. Alcohol, 13, 153-156.
120. Jacobson, G. P., Lombardi, D. M., Gibbons, N. D., Ahmad, B. K., & Newman, C. W. (1992). The effects of stimulus frequency and recording site on the amplitude and latency of multichannel cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) component N1. Ear and Hearing, 13, 300-306.
121. James, W. (1890). The principles of psychology. New York: Holt.
122. Javitt, D. C., Schroeder, C. E., Steinschneider, M., Arezzo, J. C., & Vaughan, H. G., Jr. (1992). Demonstration of mismatch negativity in the monkey. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 88, 87-90.
123. Javitt, D. C., Steinschneider, M., Schroeder, C. E., & Arezzo, J. C. (1996). Role of cortical N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in auditory sensory memory and mismatch negativity generation: Implications for schizophrenia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 93, 11962-11967.
124. Jewett, D. L. (1970). Volume-conducted potentials in response to auditory stimuli as detected by averaging in the cat. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 28, 609-618.
125. Kallman, H. J., & Massaro, D. W. (1979). Similarity effects in backward recognition masking. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 5, 110-128.
126. Karmos, G. (1993). Tiermodelle lokalisieren intrakortikale Generatoren der ereigniskorrelierten Potentiale [Animal models locate intracortical generators of event-related potentials]. Zeitschrift für Elektroenzephalographie, Elektromyographie und verwandte Gebiete, 24, 56-62.
127. Karmos, G., Mäkelä, J. P., Ulbert, I., & Winkler, I. (1993). Evidence for intracortical generation of the auditory 40-Hz response in the cat. In H.-J. Heinze, T. F. Münte, & G. R. Mangun (Eds.), New developments in event-related potentials (pp. 87-93). Cambridge, MA: Birkhäuser-Boston.
128. Karmos, G., Winkler, I., Molnár, M., & Csépe, V. (1993). Animal model of middle latency auditory evoked responses - Intracortical generators of the mismatch negativity. In H.-J. Heinze, T. F. Münte, & G. R. Mangun (Eds.), New developments in event-related potentials (pp. 95-102). Cambridge, MA: Birkhäuser-Boston.
129. Karniski, W., Vanderploeg, R., & Lease, L. (1993). "Virtual N400" and slow wave topography to auditory sentence incongruence. Brain and Language, 44, 58-79.
130. Kaukoranta, E., Sams, M., Hari, R., Hämäläinen, M., & Näätänen, R. (1989). Reactions of human auditory cortex to a change in tone duration. Hearing Research, 41, 15-22.
131. Knight, R. T. (1991). Evoked potential studies of attention capacity in human frontal lobe lesions. In H. Levin, H. Eisenberg, & F. Benton (Eds.), Frontal lobe function and dysfunction (pp. 139-153). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
132. Knight, R. T. (1996, September 19). Contribution of human hippocampal region to novelty detection. Nature, 383, 256-259.
133. Kodera, K., Hink, R. F., Yamada, O., & Suzuki, J. (1979). Effects of rise time on simultaneously recorded auditory-evoked potentials from the early, middle and late ranges. Audiology, 18, 395-402.
134. Kofoed, B., Bak, C. K., Csépe, V., Pantev, C., Særmark, K., & Pedersen, J. R. (1999). Source location outside the auditory cortex: Auditory event related field to tone-duration in a discrimination task. Manuscript submitted for publication.
135. Kraus, N., & McGee, T. J. (1995). The middle latency response generating system. In G. Karmos, V. Csépe, I. Czigler, M. Molnár, & J. Desmedt (Eds.), Perspectives of event-related potentials research (pp. 93-101). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
136. Kraus, N., McGee, T. J., Carrell, T. D., & Sharma, A. (1995). Neurophysiologic bases of speech discrimination. Ear and Hearing, 16, 19-37.
137. Kraus, N., McGee, T. J., Carrell, T. D., Zecker, S. G., Nicol, T. G., & Koch, D. B. (1996, August 16). Auditory neurophysiologic responses and discrimination deficits in children with learning problems. Science, 273, 971-973.
138. Kraus, N., McGee, T. J., Micco, A., Sharma, A., Carrell, T. D., & Nicol, T. G. (1993). Mismatch negativity in school-age children to speech stimuli that are just perceptibly different. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 88, 123-130.
139. Kraus, N., McGee, T. J., Sharma, A., Carrell, T. D., & Nicol, T. G. (1992). Mismatch negativity event-related potential elicited by speech stimuli. Ear and Hearing, 13, 158-164.
140. Kropotov, J. D., Näätänen, R., Sevostianov, A. V., Alho, K., Reinikainen, K., & Kropotova, O. V. (1995). Mismatch negativity to auditory stimulus change recorded directly from the human temporal cortex. Psychophysiology, 32, 418-422.
141. Kuhl, P. K. (1991). Human adults and infants show a "perceptual magnet effect" for the prototypes of speech categories, monkeys do not. Perception and Psychophysics, 50, 93-107.
142. Kuhl, P. K. (1993). Early linguistic experience and phonetic perception: Implications for theories of developmental speech perception. Journal of Phonetics, 21, 125-139.
143. Kutas, M., & Hillyard, S. A. (1980, January 11). Reading senseless sentences: Brain potentials reflect semantic incongruity. Science, 207, 203-205.
144. Lacey, J. L. (1967). Somatic response patterning and stress: Some revisions of activation theory. In M. Appley & R. Trumbull (Eds.), Psychological stress: Issues in research (pp. 14-44). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
145. Lang, H. A., Nyrke, T., Ek, M., Aaltonen, O., Raimo, I., & Näätänen, R. (1990). Pitch discrimination performance and auditory event-related potentials. In C. H. M. Brunia, A. W. K. Gaillard, A. Kok, G. Mulder, & M. N. Verbaten (Eds.), Psychophysiological brain research (Vol. 1, pp. 294-298). Tilburg, the Netherlands: Tilburg University Press.
146. Langner, G. (1992). Periodicity coding in the auditory system. Hearing Research, 60, 115-142.
147. Lavikainen, J., Huotilainen, M., Ilmoniemi, R. J., Simola, J. T., & Nää tänen, R. (1995). Pitch change of a continuous tone activates two distinct processes in human auditory cortex: A study with whole-head magnetometer. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 96, 93-96.
148. Legatt, A. D., Arezzo, J. C., & Vaughan, H. G., Jr. (1988). The anatomic and physiologic bases of brain stem auditory evoked potentials. Neurology Clinics, 6, 681-704.
149. Levänen, S., Ahonen, A., Hari, R., McEvoy, L., & Sams, M. (1996). Deviant auditory stimuli activate human left and right auditory cortex differently. Cerebral Cortex, 6, 288-296.
150. Levänen, S., Hari, R., McEvoy, L., & Sams, M. (1993). Responses of the human auditory cortex to changes in one vs. two stimulus features. Experimental Brain Research, 97, 177-183.
151. Liegeois-Chauvel, C., Musolino, A., Badier, J. M., Marquis, P., & Chauvel, P. (1994). Evoked potentials recorded from the auditory cortex in man: Evaluation and topography of the middle latency components. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 92, 204-214.
152. Linden, R. D., Campbell, K. B., Hamel, G., & Picton, T. W. (1985). Human auditory steady-state evoked potentials during sleep. Ear and Hearing, 6, 167-173.
153. Lins, O. G., & Picton, T. W. (1995). Auditory steady-state responses to multiple simultaneous stimuli. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 96, 420-432.
154. Lounasmaa, O. V., Hari, R., Joutsiniemi, S.-L., & Hämäläinen, M. (1989). Multi-SQUID recordings of human cerebral magnetic fields may give information about memory processes. Europhysics Letters, 9, 603-608.
155. Loveless, N., Hari, R., Hämäläinen, M., & Tiihonen, J. (1989). Evoked responses of human auditory cortex may be enhanced by preceding stimuli. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 74, 217-227.
156. Loveless, N., Levänen, S., Jousmäki, V., Sams, M., & Hari, R. (1996). Temporal integration in auditory sensory memory: Neuromagnetic evidence. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 100, 220-228.
157. Loveless, N., Vasama, J.-P., Mäkelä, J. P., & Hari, R. (1994). Human auditory cortical mechanisms of sound lateralization: III. Monaural and binaural shift responses. Hearing Research, 81, 91-99.
158. Lu, S. T., Hari, R., & Sams, M. (1989). Neuromagnetic responses to infrequent changes in periodicity pitch. In S. J. Williamson, M. Hoke, G. Stroink, & M. Kotani (Eds.), Advances in biomagnetism (pp. 117-120). New York: Plenum Press.
159. Lü, Z. L., Williamson, S. J., & Kaufman, L. (1992a). Human auditory primary and association cortex have differing lifetimes for activation traces. Brain Research, 572, 236-241.
160. Lü, Z. L., Williamson, S. J., & Kaufman, L. (1992b, December 4). Behavioral lifetime of human auditory sensory memory predicted by physiological measures. Science, 258, 1668-1670.
161. Lyytinen, H., Blomberg, A. P., & Näätänen, R. (1992). Event-related potentials and autonomic responses to a change in unattended auditory stimuli. Psychophysiology, 29, 523-534.
162. Lyytinen, H., & Näätänen, R. (1987). Autonomic and ERP responses to deviant stimuli: Analysis of covariation. In R. Johnson, Jr., R. Parasuraman, & J. W. Rohrbaugh (Eds.), Current trends in event-related potential research (pp. 108-117). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
163. Maiste, A. C., Wiens, A. S., Hunt, M. J., Scherg, M., & Picton, T. W. (1995). Event-related potentials and the categorical perception of speech sounds. Ear and Hearing, 16, 68-90.
164. Makeig, S. (1990). A dramatic increase in the auditory middle latency response at very slow rates. In C. H. M. Brunia, A. W. K. Gaillard, & A. Kok (Eds.), Psychophysiological brain research (Vol. 2, pp. 60-65). Tilburg, the Netherlands: Tilburg University Press.
165. Makeig, S., & Galambos, R. (1989). The auditory 40 Hz-band evoked response lasts 150 ms and increases in size at slow rates. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 15 (Part I, p. 113). Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience.
166. Mäkelä, J. P. (1988). Auditory evoked magnetic fields in man. Doctoral dissertation, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
167. Mäkelä, J. P., Ahonen, A., Hämäläinen, M., Hari,
168. Mäkelä, J. P., & Hari, R. (1987). Evidence for cortical origin of the 40 Hz auditory evoked response in man. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 66, 539-546.
169. Mäkelä, J. P., Hari, R., & Leinonen, L. (1988). Magnetic responses of the human auditory cortex to noise/square wave transitions. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 69, 423-430.
170. Mäkelä, J. P., & McEvoy, L. (1996). Auditory evoked fields to illusory sound source movements. Experimental Brain Research, 110, 446-454.
171. Mäkelä, J. P., Salmelin, R., Kotila, M., & Hari, R. (1994). Neuromagnetic correlates of memory disturbance caused by infarction in anterior thalamus. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 20, 810.
172. Marshall, N. K., & Donchin, E. (1981, April 17). Orcadian variation in the latency of brainstem responses and its relation to body temperature. Science, 212, 356-358.
173. Massaro, D. W. (1970). Retroactive interference in short-term recognition memory for pitch. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 83, 32-39.
174. Massaro, D. W. (1972). Preperceptual images, processing time, and perceptual units in auditory perception. Psychological Review, 79, 124-145.
175. Massaro, D. W. (1975). Experimental psychology and information processing. Chicago: Rand McNally.
176. Masterton, R. B. (1992). Role of the central auditory system in hearing: The new direction. Trends in Neurosciences, 15, 280-285.
177. McEvoy, L., Hari, R., Imada, T., & Sams, M. (1993). Human auditory cortical mechanisms of sound lateralization: II. Interaural time differences at sound onset. Hearing Research, 67, 98-109.
178. McEvoy, L., Mäkelä. J. P., Hämäläinen, M., & Hari, R. (1994). Effect of interaural time differences on middle-latency and late auditory evoked magnetic fields. Hearing Research, 78, 249-257.
179. McFarland, W. H., Vivion, M. C., Wolf, K. E., & Goldstein, R. (1975). Reexamination of effects of stimulus rate and number on middle components of the averaged electroencephalic response. Audiology, 14, 456-465.
180. Michie, P. T., Bearpark, H. M., Crawford, J. M., & Glue, L. C. T. (1990). The nature of selective attention effects on auditory event-related potentials. Biological Psychology, 30, 219-250.
181. Molnár, M., Skinner, J. E., Csépe, V., Winkler, I., & Karmos, G. (1995). Correlation dimension changes accompanying the occurrence of the mismatch negativity and the P3 event-related potential component. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 95, 118-126.
182. Moore, B. C. J. (1989). An introduction to the psychology of hearing. London: Academic Press.
183. Näätänen, R. (1975). Selective attention and evoked potentials in humans - A critical review. Biological Psychology, 2, 237-307.
184. Näätänen, R. (1979). Orienting and evoked potentials. In H. D. Kimmel, E. H. van Olst, & J. F. Orlebeke (Eds.), The orienting reflex in humans (pp. 61-75). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
185. Näätänen, R. (1982). Processing negativity: An evoked-potential reflection of selective attention. Psychological Bulletin, 92, 605-640.
186. Näätänen, R. (1984). In search of a short-duration memory trace of a stimulus in the human brain. In L. Pulkkinen & P. Lyytinen (Eds.), Human action and personality: Essays in honor of Martti Takala on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday (pp. 29-43). Jyväskylä, Finland: University of Jyväskylä Press.
187. Näätänen, R. (1985). Selective attention and stimulus processing: Reflections in event-related potentials, magnetoencephalogram and regional cerebral blood flow. In M. I. Posner & O. S. M. Marin (Eds.), Attention and performance XI (pp. 355-373). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
188. Näätänen, R. (1986). The orienting response theory: An integration of informational and energetical aspects of brain function. In R. G. J. Hockey, A. W. K. Gaillard, & M. Coles (Eds.), Adaptation to stress and task demands: Energetical aspects of human information processing (pp. 91-111). Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff.
189. Näätänen, R. (1990). The role of attention in auditory information processing as revealed by event-related potentials and other brain measures of cognitive function. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 13, 201-288.
190. Näätänen, R. (1991). Mismatch negativity (MMN) outside strong attentional focus: A commentary on Woldorff et al. Psychophysiology, 28, 478-484.
191. Näätänen, R. (1992). Attention and brain function. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
192. Näätänen, R. (1995). The mismatch negativity: A powerful tool for cognitive neuroscience. Ear and Hearing, 16, 6-18.
193. Näätänen, R., & Alho, K. (1995). Mismatch negativity - A unique measure of sensory processing in audition. International Journal of Neuroscience, 80, 317-337.
194. Näätänen, R., & Alho, K. (1997a). Higher-order processes in auditory change detection. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 1, 44-45.
195. Näätänen, R., & Alho, K. (1997b). Mismatch negativity (MMN) - The measure for central sound representation accuracy. Audiology Neuro-Otology, 2, 341-353.
196. Näätänen, R., & Gaillard, A. W. K. (1983). The N2 deflection of ERP and the orienting reflex. In A. W. K. Gaillard & W. Ritter (Eds.), EEG correlates of information processing: Theoretical issues (pp. 119-141). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
197. Näätänen, R., Gaillard, A. W. K., & Mäntysalo, S. (1978). Early selective attention effect on evoked potential reinterpreted. Acta Psychologica, 42, 313-329.
198. Näätänen, R., Gaillard, A. W. K., & Mäntysalo, S. (1980). Brain potential correlates of voluntary and involuntary attention. In H. H. Kornhuber & L. Deecke (Eds.), Motivation, motor and sensory processes of the brain: Electrical potentials, behaviour and clinical use (pp. 343-348). Amsterdam: Elsevier/North-Holland.
199. Näätänen, R., Ilmoniemi, R. J., & Alho, K. (1994). Magnetoencephalography in studies of human cognitive brain function. Trends in Neuroscience, 17, 389-395.
200. Näätänen, R., Jiang, D., Lavikainen, J., Reinikainen, K., & Paavilainen, P. (1993). Event-related potentials reveal a memory trace for temporal features. NeuroReport, 5, 310-312.
201. Näätänen, R., Lehtokoski, A., Lennes, M., Cheour-Luhtanen, M., Huotilainen, M., Iivonen, A., Vainio, M., Alku, P., Ilmoniemi, R. J., Luuk, A., Allik, J., Sinkkonen, J., & Alho, K. (1997, January 30). Language-specific phoneme representations revealed by electric and magnetic brain responses. Nature, 385, 432-434.
202. Näätänen, R., & Michie, P. T. (1979). Early selective attention effects on the evoked potential: A critical review and reinterpretation. Biological Psychology, 8, 81-136.
203. Näätänen, R., Paavilainen, P., Alho, K., Reinikainen, K., & Sams, M. (1987a). The mismatch negativity to intensity changes in an auditory stimulus sequence. In R. Johnson, Jr., J. W. Rohrbaugh, & R. Parasuraman (Eds.), Current trends in event-related potential research (pp. 125-131). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
204. Näätänen, R., Paavilainen, P., Alho, K., Reinikainen, K., & Sams, M. (1987b). Inter-stimulus interval and the mismatch negativity. In C. Barber & T. Blum (Eds.), Evoked potentials III (pp. 392-397). London: Butterworths.
205. Näätänen, R., Paavilainen, P., Alho, K., Reinikainen, K., & Sams, M. (1989). Do event-related potentials reveal the mechanism of the auditory sensory memory in the human brain? Neuroscience Letters, 98, 217-221.
206. Näätänen, R., Paavilainen, P., & Reinikainen, K. (1989). Do event-related potentials to infrequent decrements in duration of auditory stimuli demonstrate a memory trace in man? Neuroscience Letters, 107, 347-352.
207. Näätänen, R., Paavilainen, P., Tiitinen, H., Jiang, D., & Alho, K. (1993). Attention and mismatch negativity. Psychophysiology, 30, 436-450.
208. Näätänen, R., & Picton, T. W. (1987). The N1 wave of the human electric and magnetic response to sound: A review and an analysis of the component structure. Psychophysiology, 24, 375-425.
209. Näätänen, R., Sams, M., Alho, K., Paavilainen, P., Reinikainen, K., & Sokolov, E. N. (1988). Frequency and location specificity of the human vertex N1 wave. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 69, 523-531.
210. Näätänen, R., Schröger, E., Karakas, S., Tervaniemi, M., & Paavilainen, P. (1993). Development of a memory trace for a complex sound in the human brain. NeuroReport, 4, 503-506.
211. Näätänen, R., Simpson, M., & Loveless, N. E. (1982). Stimulus deviance and evoked potentials. Biological Psychology, 14, 53-98.
212. Näätänen, R., Teder, W., Alho, K., & Lavikainen, J. (1992). Auditory attention and selective input modulation: A topographical study. NeuroReport, 3, 493-496.
213. Neisser, U. (1967). Cognitive psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
214. Niemi, P., & Näätänen, R. (1981). Foreperiod and simple reaction time. Psychological Bulletin, 89, 133-162.
215. Nordby, H., Hammerborg, D., Roth, W. T., & Hugdahl, K. (1994). ERPs for infrequent omissions and inclusions of stimulus elements. Psychophysiology, 31, 544-552.
216. Nordby, H., Roth, W. T., & Pfefferbaum, A. (1988a). Event-related potentials to time-deviant and pitch-deviant tones. Psychophysiology, 25, 249-261.
217. Nordby, H., Roth, W. T., & Pfefferbaum, A. (1988b). Event-related potentials to breaks in sequences of alternating pitches or interstimulus intervals. Psychophysiology, 25, 262-268.
218. Nousak, J. M. K., Deacon, D., Ritter, W., & Vaughan, H. G., Jr. (1996). Storage of information in transient auditory memory. Cognitive Brain Research, 4, 305-317.
219. Novak, G. P., Ritter, W., & Vaughan, H. G., Jr. (1992a). Mismatch detection and the latency of temporal judgments. Psychophysiology, 29, 398-411.
220. Novak, G. P., Ritter, W., & Vaughan, H. G., Jr. (1992b). The chronometry of attention-modulated processing and automatic mismatch detection. Psychophysiology, 29, 412-430.
221. Novak, G. P., Ritter, W., Vaughan, H. G., Jr., & Wiznitzer, M. L. (1990). Differentiation of negative event-related potentials in an auditory discrimination task. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 75, 255-275.
222. Öhman, A. (1979). The orienting response, attention and learning: An information-processing perspective. In H. D. Kimmel, E. H. van Olst. & J. F. Orlebeke (Eds.), The orienting reflex in humans (pp. 443-471). Hillsdale. NJ: Erlbaum.
223. Öhman, A. (1992). Orienting and attention: Preferred preattentive processing of potentially phobic stimuli. In B. A. Campbell, R. Richardson, & H. Hayne (Eds.). Attention and information processing in infants and adults: Perspectives from human and animal research (pp. 263-295). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
224. Onishi, S., & Davis, H. (1968). Effects of duration and rise time of tonebursts on evoked V-potentials. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 44, 582-591.
225. Opitz, B., Mecklinger, A., von Cramon, D. Y., & Kruggel, F. (1999). Combining electrophysiological and hemodynamic measures of the auditory oddball. Psychophysiology, 36, 142-147.
226. Paavilainen, P., Alho, K., Reinikainen, K., Sams, M., & Näätänen, R. (1991). Right-hemisphere dominance of different mismatch negativities. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 78, 466-479.
227. Paavilainen, P., Jaramillo, M., & Näätänen, R. (1998). Binaural information can converge in abstract memory traces. Psychophysiology, 35, 483-487.
228. Paavilainen, P., Karlsson, M.-L., Reinikainen, K., & Näätänen, R. (1989). Mismatch negativity to change in spatial location of an auditory stimulus. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 73, 129-141.
229. Paavilainen, P., Saarinen, J., Tervaniemi, M., & Näätänen, R. (1995). Mismatch negativity to changes in abstract sound features during dichotic listening. Journal of Psychophysiology, 9, 243-249.
230. Pantev, C., Bertrand, O., Eulitz, C., Verkindt, C., Hampson, S., Schuierer, G., & Elbert, T. (1995). Specific tonotopic organizations of different areas of the human auditory cortex revealed by simultaneous magnetic and electric recordings. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 94, 26-40.
231. Pantev, C., Elbert, T., Ross, B., Eulitz, C., & Terhardt, E. (1996). Binaural fusion and the representation of virtual pitch in the human auditory cortex. Hearing Research, 100, 164-170.
232. Pantev, C., Hoke, M., Lehnertz, K., & Lütkenhöner, B. (1989). Neuromagnetic evidence of an ampliotopic organization of the human auditory cortex. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 72, 225-231.
233. Pantev, C., Hoke, M., Lehnertz, K., Lütkenhöner, B., Anogianakis, G., & Wittkowski, W. (1988). Tonotopic organization of the human auditory cortex revealed by transient auditory evoked magnetic fields. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 69, 160-170.
234. Pantev, C., Hoke, M., Lütkenhöner, B., & Lehnertz, K. (1989, October 27). Tonotopic organization of the auditory cortex: Pitch versus frequency representation. Science, 246, 486-488.
235. Parasuraman, R., & Beatty, J. (1980, October 3). Brain events underlying detection and recognition of weak sensory signals. Science, 210, 80-83.
236. Parasuraman, R., Richer, F., & Beatty, J. (1982). Detection and recognition: Concurrent processes in perception. Perception and Psychophysics, 31, 1-12.
237. Phillips, C., Marantz, A., McGinnis, M., Pesetsky, D., Wexler, K., & Yellin, E. (1995). Brain mechanisms of speech perception: A preliminary report. In C. T. Schütze, J. B. Ganger, & K. Brainier (Eds.), Papers on language processing and acquisition (pp. 153-191). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
238. Picton, T. W. (1980). The use of human event-related potentials in psychology. In I. Martin & P. H. Venables (Eds.), Techniques in psychophysiology (pp. 357-395). New York: Wiley.
239. Picton, T. W., Campbell, K. B., Baribeau-Braun, J., & Proulx, G. B. (1978). The neurophysiology of human attention: A tutorial review. In J. Requin (Ed.), Attention and performance VII (pp. 429-467). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
240. Picton, T. W., Champagne, S. C., & Kellett, A. J. C. (1992). Human auditory evoked potentials recorded using maximum length sequences. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 84, 90-100.
241. Picton, T. W., Hillyard, S. A., Krausz, H. L. I., & Galambos, R. (1974). Human auditory evoked potentials: I. Evaluation of components. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 36, 179-190.
242. Picton, T. W., Stapells, D. R., & Campbell, K. B. (1981). Auditory evoked potentials from the human cochlea and brainstem. Journal of Otolaryngology, 10, 1-41.
243. Picton, T. W., Woods, D. L., & Proulx, G. B. (1978). Human auditory sustained potentials: II. Stimulus relationships. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 45, 198-210.
244. Plomp, R. (1964). Rate of decay of auditory sensation. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 36, 277-282.
245. Plourde, G., Stapells, D. R., & Picton, T. W. (1991). The human auditory steady-state evoked potentials. Acta Otolaryngologica, 491, 153-159.
246. Pollack, I. (1972). Memory for auditory waveform. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 52, 1209-1215.
247. Port, R. F. (1991). Can complex temporal patterns be automatized? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 14, 762-764.
248. Posner, M. I., & Snyder, C. R. R. (1975). Attention and cognitive control. In R. L. Solso (Ed.), Information processing and cognition: The Loyola symposium (pp. 55-85). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
249. Ragot, R., & Lepaul-Ercole, R. (1996). Brain potentials as objective indexes of auditory pitch extraction of harmonics. NeuroReport, 7, 905-909.
250. Regan, D. (1989). Human brain electrophysiology: Evoked potentials and evoked magnetic fields in science and medicine. New York: Elsevier.
251. Renault, B., & Lesévre, N. (1978). Topographical study of the emitted potential obtained after the omission of an expected visual stimulus. In D. A. Otto (Ed.), Multidisciplinary perspectives in event-related brain potential research (pp. 202-208). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
252. Renault, B., & Lesévre, N. (1979). A trial-by-trial study of the visual omission response in reaction time situations. In D. Lehmann & E. Callaway (Eds.), Human evoked potentials (pp. 317-329). New York: Plenum Press.
253. Rhode, W. S. (1991). Physiological-morphological properties of the cochlear nucleus. In R. A. Altschuler, R. P. Bobbin, B. M. Clopton, & D. W. Hoffman (Eds.), Neurobiology of hearing: The central auditory system (pp. 47-77). New York: Raven Press.
254. Richer, F., Alain, C., Achim, A., Bouvier, G., & Saint-Hilaire, J. M. (1989), Intracerebral amplitude distributions of the auditory evoked potential. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 74, 202-208.
255. Ritter, W., Deacon, D., Gomes, H., Javitt, D. C., & Vaughan, H. G., Jr. (1995). The mismatch negativity of event-related potentials as a probe of transient auditory memory: A review. Ear and Hearing, 16, 52-67.
256. Ritter, W., Gomes, H., Cowan, N., Sussman, E., & Vaughan, H. G., Jr. (1998). Reactivation of a dormant representation of an auditory stimulus feature. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10, 605-614.
257. Ritter, W., & Ruchkin, D. S. (1992). A review of event-related potential components discovered in the context of studying P3. In D. Friedman & G. Bruder (Eds.), Psychophysiology and experimental psychopathology: A tribute to Samuel Sutton. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (Vol. 658, pp. 1-32). New York: New York Academy of Sciences.
258. Ritter, W., Simson, R., & Vaughan, H. G., Jr. (1972). Association cortex potentials and reaction time in auditory discrimination. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 33, 547-555.
259. Ritter, W., Vaughan, H. G., Jr., & Costa, L. D. (1968). Orienting and habituation to auditory stimuli: A study of short-term changes in averaged evoked responses. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 25, 550-556.
260. Roberts, T. P. L., & Poeppel, D. (1996). Latency of auditory evoked M100 as a function of tone frequency. NeuroReport, 7, 1138-1140.
261. Romani, G. L., Williamson, S. J., & Kaufman, L. (1982a, June 18). Tonotopic organization of the human auditory cortex. Science, 216, 1339-1340.
262. Romani, G. L., Williamson, S. J., & Kaufman, L. (1982b). Characterization of the human auditory cortex by the neuromagnetic method. Experimental Brain Research, 47, 381-393.
263. Rugg, M. (1985). The effects of semantic priming and word repetition on event-related potentials. Psychophysiology, 22, 642-647.
264. Saarinen, J., Paavilainen, P., Schröger, E., Tervaniemi, M., & Näätänen, R. (1992). Representation of abstract attributes of auditory stimuli in the human brain. NeuroReport, 3, 1149-1151.
265. Salamy, A., & McKean, C. M. (1977). Habituation and dishabituation of cortical and brainstem evoked potentials. International Journal of Neuroscience, 7, 175-182.
266. Sams, M., Alho, K., & Näätänen, R. (1983). Sequential effects in the ERP in discriminating two stimuli. Biological Psychology, 17, 41-58.
267. Sams, M., Alho, K., & Näätänen, R. (1984). Short-term habituation and dishabituation of the mismatch negativity of the ERP. Psychophysiology, 21, 434-441.
268. Sams, M., Aulanko, R., Aaltonen, O., & Näätänen, R. (1990). Event-related potentials to infrequent changes in synthesized phonetic stimuli. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2, 344-357.
269. Sams, M., Hämäläinen, M., Antervo, A., Kaukoranta, E., Reinikainen, K., & Hari, R. (1985). Cerebral neuromagnetic responses evoked by short auditory stimuli. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 61, 254-266.
270. Sams, M., Hari, R., Rif, J., & Knuutila, J. (1993). The human auditory sensory memory trace persists about 10 s: Neuromagnetic evidence. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 5, 363-370.
271. Sams, M., Kaukoranta, E., Hämäläinen, M., & Näätänen, R. (1991). Cortical activity elicited by changes in auditory stimuli: Different sources for the magnetic N100m and mismatch responses. Psychophysiology, 28, 21-29.
272. Sams, M., & Näätänen, R. (1991). Neuromagnetic responses of the human auditory cortex to short frequency glides. Neuroscience Letters, 121, 43-46.
273. Sams, M., Paavilainen, P., Alho, K., & Näätänen, R. (1985). Auditory frequency discrimination and event-related potentials. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 62, 437-448.
274. Sams, M., & Salmelin, R. (1994). Evidence of sharp tuning in the human auditory cortex. Hearing Research, 75, 67-74.
275. Sandridge, S., & Boothroyd, A. (1996). Using naturally produced speech to elicit mismatch negativity. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology, 7, 105-112.
276. Scharf, B., & Houtsma, A. J. (1986). Audition: II. Loudness, pitch, localization, aural distortion, pathology. In K. R. Boff, L. Kaufman, & J. P. Thomas (Eds.), Handbook of perception and human performance: Vol. 1. Sensory processes and perception (pp. 15.1-60). New York: Wiley.
277. Scherg, M., Vajsar, J., & Picton, T. W. (1989). A source analysis of the late human auditory evoked potentials. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 1, 336-355.
278. Schröger, E. (1994). An event-related potential study of sensory representations of unfamiliar tonal patterns. Psychophysiology, 31, 175-181.
279. Schröger, E. (1995). Processing of auditory deviants with changes in one versus two stimulus dimensions. Psychophysiology, 32, 55-65.
280. Schröger, E. (1996). A neural mechanism for involuntary attention shifts to changes in auditory stimulation. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 8, 527-539.
281. Schröger, E. (1997). On the detection of auditory deviants: A pre-attentive activation model. Psychophysiology, 34, 245-257.
282. Schröger, E., Paavilainen, P., & Näätänen, R. (1994). Mismatch negativity to changes in a continuous tone with regularly varying frequencies. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 92, 140-147.
283. Schröger, E., Tervaniemi, M., & Näätänen, R. (1995). Time course of loudness in tone patterns is automatically represented by the human brain. Neuroscience Letters, 202, 117-120.
284. Schröger, E., Tervaniemi, M., Wolff, C., & Näätänen, R. (1996). Preattentive periodicity detection in auditory patterns as governed by time and intensity information. Cognitive Brain Research, 4, 145-148.
285. Schröger, E., & Wolff, C. (1996). Mismatch response of the human brain to changes in sound location. NeuroReport, 7, 3005-3008.
286. Schröger, E., & Wolff, C. (1997). Fast preattentive processing of location: A functional basis for selective listening. Neuroscience Letters, 232, 5-8.
287. Sharma, A., Kraus, N., McGee, T., Carrell, T., & Nicol, T. (1993). Acoustic versus phonetic representation of speech as reflected by the mismatch negativity event-related potential. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 88, 64-71.
288. Sohmer, H., & Feinmesser, M. (1967). Cochlear action potentials recorded from the external ear in man. Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology, 76, 427-438.
289. Sokolov, E. N. (1963). Higher nervous functions: The orienting reflex. Annual Review of Psychology, 25, 545-580.
290. Sokolov, E. N. (1975). The neuronal mechanisms of the orienting reflex. In E. N. Sokolov & O. S. Vinogradova (Eds.), Neuronal mechanisms of the orienting reflex (pp. 217-235). Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum.
291. Spiegel, M., & Watson, C. S. (1981). Factors in the discrimination of tonal patterns: III. Frequency discrimination with components of well-learned patterns. Journal of the Acoustic Society of America, 69, 223-230.
292. Spoor, A., Timmer, F., & Odenthal, D. W. (1969). The evoked auditory response (ear) to intensity modulated and frequency modulated tones and tone bursts. International Audiology, 8, 410-415.
293. Squires, K. C., Squires, N. K., & Hillyard, S. A. (1975). Decision-related cortical potentials during an auditory signal detection task with cued observation intervals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1, 268-279.
294. Stapells, D. R., Galambos, R., Costello, J. A., & Makeig, S. (1988). Inconsistencies of auditory middle-latency and steady-state responses in infants. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 71, 189-295.
295. Stapells, D. R., Linden, D., Suffieid, J. B., Hamel, G., & Picton, T. W. (1984). Human auditory steady-state evoked potentials. Ear and Hearing, 5, 105-113.
296. Stapells, D. R., & Oates, P. (1997). Estimation of the pure-tone audiogram by the auditory brainstem response: A review. Audiology and Neuro-Otology, 2, 257-280.
297. Starr, A., & Don, M. (1988). Brain potentials evoked by acoustic stimuli. In T. W. Picton (Ed.), Human event-related potentials (Vol. 3, pp. 97-157). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
298. Stuss, D. T., & Benson, D. F. (1986). The frontal lobes. New York: Raven Press.
299. Surwillo, W. W. (1981). Recovery of the cortical evoked potential from auditory stimulation in children and adults. Developmental Psychobiology, 14, 1-12.
300. Sussman, E., Gomes, H., Nousak, J. M., Ritter, W., & Vaughan, H. G., Jr. (1998). Feature conjunctions and auditory sensory memory. Brain Research, 18, 95-102.
301. Sussman, E., Ritter, W., & Vaughan, H. G., Jr. (1999). An investigation of the auditory streaming effect using event-related brain potentials. Psychophysiology, 36, 22-34.
302. Sussman, E., Winkler, I., Ritter, W., Alho, K., & Näätänen, R. (1999). Temporal integration of auditory stimulus deviance as reflected by the mismatch negativity. Neuroscience Letters, 264, 161-164.
303. Sutton, S., Braren, M., Zubin, J., & John, E. R. (1965, September 24). Evoked potential correlates of stimulus uncertainty. Science, 150, 1187-88.
304. Tallon-Baudry, C., Bertrand, O., Delpuech, C., & Pernier, J. (1996). Stimulus specificity of phase-locked and non-phase-locked 40 Hz visual responses in human. Journal of Neuroscience, 16, 4240-4249.
305. Tallon-Baudry, C., Bertrand, O., Delpuech, C., & Pernier, J. (1997). Oscillatory gamma-band (30-70 Hz) activity induced by a visual search task in human. Journal of Neuroscience, 17, 722-734.
306. Terhardt, E. (1974). Pitch, consonance, and harmony. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 55, 1061-1069.
307. Tervaniemi, M., Alho, K., Paavilainen, P., Sams, M., & Näätänen, R. (1993). Absolute pitch and event-related brain potentials. Music Perception, 10, 305-316.
308. Tervaniemi, M., Maury, S., & Näätänen, R. (1994). Neural representations of abstract stimulus features in the human brain as reflected by the mismatch negativity. NeuroReport, 5, 844-846.
309. Tervaniemi, M., Medvedev, S. V., Alho, K., Pakhomov, S. V., Roudas, M. S., van Zuijen, T. L., & Näätänen, R. (1999). Lateralized automatic auditory processing of phonetic versus musical information: A PET study. Manuscript submitted for publication.
310. Tervaniemi, M., Saarinen, J., Paavilainen, P., Danilova, N., & Näätänen, R. (1994). Temporal integration of auditory information in sensory memory as reflected by the mismatch negativity. Biological Psychology, 38, 157-167.
311. Thompson, R. F., & Spencer, W. A. (1966). Habituation: A model phenomenon for the study of the neuronal substrates of behavior. Psychophysiological Review, 173, 16-43.
312. Tiitinen, H., Alho, K., Huotilainen, M., Ilmoniemi, R. J., Simola. J., & Näätänen, R. (1993). Tonotopic auditory cortex and the magnetoencephalographic (MEG) equivalent of the mismatch negativity. Psychophysiology, 30, 537-540.
313. Tiitinen, H., May, P., Reinikainen, K., & Näätänen, R. (1994, November 3). Attentive novelty detection in humans is governed by pre-attentive sensory memory. Nature, 372, 90-92.
314. Tiitinen, H., Sinkkonen, J., May, P., & Näätänen, R, (1994). The auditory transient 40-Hz response is insensitive to changes in stimulus features. NeuroReport, 6, 190-192.
315. Trejo, L. J., Ryan-Jones, D. L., & Kramer, A. F. (1995). Attentional modulation of the mismatch negativity elicited by frequency differences between binaurally presented tone bursts. Psychophysiology, 32, 319-328.
316. Treisman, A. M. (1988). Features and objects: The fourteenth Bartlett memorial lecture. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 40A, 201-237.
317. Treisman, A. M., & Gelade, G. A. (1980). A feature-integration theory of attention. Cognitive Psychology, 12, 97-136.
318. Treisman, A. M., & Rostron, A. B. (1972). Brief auditory storage: A modification of Sperling's paradigm. Acta Psychologica, 36, 161-170.
319. Treisman, A. M., & Sato, S. (1990). Conjunction search revisited. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 16, 459-478.
320. Treisman, A. M., Sykes, M., & Gelade, G. A. (1977). Selective attention and stimulus integration. In S. Dornic (Ed.), Attention and Performance VI (pp. 333-361). Hillsdale. NJ: Erlbaum.
321. Uttal, W. R. (1967). Evoked brain potentials: Signs or codes? Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 10, 627-639.
322. Vasama, J.-P., Mäkelä, J. P., Tissari, S. O., & Hämäläinen, M. S. (1995). Effects of intensity variation on human auditory evoked magnetic fields. Acta Otolaryngologica, 115, 616-621.
323. Vaughan, H. G., Jr. (1969). The relationship of brain activity to scalp recordings of event-related potentials. In E. Donchin & D. B. Lindsley (Eds.), Average evoked potentials (pp. 45-94). Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
324. Vaughan, H. G., Jr., & Arezzo, J. C. (1988). The neural basis of event-related potentials. In T. W. Picton (Ed.), Human event-related potentials (Vol. 3, pp. 45-96). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
325. Vaughan, H. G., Jr., & Ritter, W. (1970). The sources of auditory evoked responses recorded from the human scalp. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 28, 360-367.
326. Verleger, R. (1988). A critique of the context updating hypothesis and an alternative interpretation of P3. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 11, 343-427.
327. Walter, W. G. (1964). The convergence and interaction of visual, auditory, and tactile responses in human nonspecific cortex. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (Vol. 112, pp. 320-361). New York: New York Academy of Sciences.
328. Warren, R. M., & Obusek, C. J. (1972). Identification of temporal order within auditory sequences. Perception and Psychophysics, 12, 86-90.
329. Warren, R. M., & Warren, R. P. (1970). Auditory illusions and confusions. Scientific American, 223, 30-36.
330. Watson, C. S., Wroton, H. W., Kelly, W. J., & Benbassat, C. A. (1975). Factors in discrimination of tonal patterns: I. Component frequency, temporal position, and silent intervals. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 57, 1175-1185.
331. Wier, C. C., Jesteadt, W., & Green, D. M. (1977). Frequency discrimination as a function of frequency and sensation level. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 61, 178-184.
332. Winkler, I. (1993). Mismatch negativity: An event-related brain potential measure of auditory sensory memory traces. Doctoral dissertation. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
333. Winkler, I. (1996). Necessary and sufficient conditions for the elicitation of the mismatch negativity. In C. Ogura, Y. Koga, & M. Shimokochi (Eds.), Recent advances in event-related brain potential research (pp. 36-44). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
334. Winkler, I., Cowan, N., Csépe, V., Czigler, I., & Näätänen, R. (1996). Interactions between transient and long-term auditory memory as reflected by the mismatch negativity. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 8, 403-415.
335. Winkler, I., & Czigler, I. (1998). Mismatch negativity: Deviance detection or the maintenance of the "standard." NeuroReport, 9, 3809-3813.
336. Winkler, I., Czigler, I., Jaramillo, M., Paavilainen, P., & Näätänen, R. (1998). Temporal constraints of auditory event synthesis: Evidence from ERPs. NeuroReport, 9, 495-499.
337. Winkler, I., Karmos, G., & Näätänen, R. (1996). Adaptive modeling of the unattended acoustic environment reflected in the mismatch negativity event-related potential. Brain Research, 742, 239-252.
338. Winkler, I., Kujala, T., Tiitinen, H., Sivonen, P., Alku, P., Lehtokoski, A., Czigler, I., Csépe, V., Ilmoniemi, R. J., & Näätänen, R. (1999). Brain responses reveal the learning of foreign language phonemes. Psychophysiology, 36, 638-642.
339. Winkler, I., Lehtokoski, A., Alku, P., Vainio, M., Czigler, I., Csépe, V., Aaltonen, O., Raimo, I., Alho, K., Lang, A. H., Iivonen, A., & Näätänen, R. (1999). Pre-attentive change detection utilizes both phonetic and auditory memory representations in across- and within-category vowel contrasts. Cognitive Brain Research, 7, 357-369.
340. Winkler, I., & Näätänen, R. (1992). Event-related potentials in auditory backward recognition masking: A new way to study the neurophysiological basis of sensory memory in humans. Neuroscience Letters, 140, 239-242.
341. Winkler, I., & Näätänen, R. (1993). Event-related brain potentials to infrequent partial omissions in series of auditory stimuli. In H.-J. Heinze, T. F. Münte, & G. R. Mangun (Eds.), New developments in event-related potentials (pp. 219-226). Cambridge, MA: Birkhäuser-Boston.
342. Winkler, I., & Näätänen, R. (1994). The effects of auditory backward masking on event-related brain potentials. In G. Karmos, V. Csépe, I. Czigler, M. Molnár, & J. Desmedt (Eds.), Perspectives of event-related potentials research (pp. 185-189). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
343. Winkler, I., Paavilainen, P., Alho, K., Reinikainen, K., Sams, M., & Näätänen, R. (1990). The effect of small variation of the frequent auditory stimulus on the event-related brain potential to the infrequent stimulus. Psychophysiology, 27, 228-235.
344. Winkler, I., Paavilainen, P., & Näätänen, R. (1992). Can echoic memory store two traces simultaneously? A study of event-related brain potentials. Psychophysiology, 29, 337-349.
345. Winkler, I., Reinikainen, K., & Näätänen, R. (1993). Event-related brain potentials reflect traces of the echoic memory in humans. Perception and Psychophysics, 53, 443-449.
346. Winkler, I., & Schroger, E. (1995). Neural representation for the temporal structure of sound patterns. NeuroReport, 6, 690-694.
347. Winkler, I., Tervaniemi, M., Huotilainen, M., Ilmoniemi, R., Ahonen, A., Salonen, O., Standertskjöld-Nordenstam, C.-G., & Näätänen, R. (1995). From objective to subjective: Pitch representation in the human auditory cortex. NeuroReport, 6, 2317-2320.
348. Winkler, I., Tervaniemi, M., & Näätänen, R. (1997). Two separate codes for missing-fundamental pitch in the human auditory cortex. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 102, 1072-1082.
349. Winkler, I., Tervaniemi, M., Schröger, E., Wolff, C., & Näätänen, R. (1998). Pre-attentive processing of auditory spatial information: Electrophysiological evidence from human subjects. Neuroscience Letters, 242, 49-52.
350. Woldorff, M. G., Hackley, S. A., & Hillyard, S. A. (1991). The effects of channel-selective attention on the mismatch negativity wave elicited by deviant tones. Psychophysiology, 28, 30-42.
351. Wood, C. C., & Wolpaw, J. R. (1982). Scalp distribution of human auditory evoked potentials: II. Evidence for overlapping sources and involvement of auditory cortex. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 54, 25-38.
352. Woods, D. L. (1995). The component structure of the human auditory evoked potential. Electroencephalography and clinical Neurophysiology, Supplement 44, 102-109.
353. Woods, D. L., Alho, K., & Algazi, A. (1991). Brain potential signs of feature processing during auditory selective attention. NeuroReport, 2, 189-192.
354. Woods, D. L., Alho, K., & Algazi, A. (1992). Intermodal selective attention: I. Effects of event-related potentials to lateralized auditory and visual stimuli. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 82, 341-355.
355. Woods, D. L., & Elmasian, R. (1986). The habituation of event-related potentials to speech sounds and tones. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 65, 447-459.
356. Yabe, H., Tervaniemi, M., Reinikainen, K., & Näatänen, R. (1997). Temporal window of integration revealed by MMN to sound omission. NeuroReport, 8, 1971-1974.
357. Yabe, H., Tervaniemi, M., Sinkkonen, J., Huotilainen, M., Ilmoniemi, R. J., & Näatänen, R. (1998). The temporal window of integration of auditory information in the human brain. Psychophysiology, 35, 615-619.
358. Yamamoto, T., Williamson, S. J., Kaufman, L., Nicholson, C., & Llinas, R. (1988). Magnetic localization of neuronal activity in the human brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 85, 8732-8736.
359. Zwicker, E., & Fastl, H. (1990). Psychoacoustics: Facts and models. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
360. Zwislocki, J. J. (1960). Theory of temporal auditory summation. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 32, 1046-1060.
361. Zwislocki, J. J. (1969). Temporal summation of loudness: An analysis. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 46, 431-440.
362. Zwislocki, J. J. (1972). A theory of central auditory masking and its partial validation. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 52, 644-659.
363. Zwislocki, J. J., Pirodda, E., & Rubin, H. (1959). On some post-stimulatory effects at the threshold of audibility. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 31, 9-14.