Protein and physical performance

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care

Volumn 2, Issue 6, 1999, Pages 533-537

  Tarnopolsky, Mark A ^a  

^a MCMASTER UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTRE   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGING; COMPARATIVE STUDY; ENDURANCE; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT; PROTEIN INTAKE; REVIEW; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT;

AGING; DIETARY PROTEINS; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS; PHYSICAL ENDURANCE; SEX CHARACTERISTICS;

EID: 0033216859     PISSN: 13631950     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00075197-199911000-00018     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Friedman JE, Lemon PWR. Effect of chronic endurance exercise on retention of dietary protein. Int J Sports Med 1989; 10:118-123.
2. Lemon PWR, Dolny DG, Yarasheski KE. Moderate physical activity can increase dietary protein needs. Can J Physiol 1997; 22:494-503.
3. Meredith CN, Zackin MJ, Frontera WR, Evans WJ. Dietary protein requirements and body protein metabolism in endurance-trained men. J Appl Physiol 1989; 66:2850-2856.
4. Phillips SM, Atkinson SA, Tarnopolsky MA, MacDougall JD. Gender differences in leucine kinetics and nitrogen balance in endurance athletes. J Appl Physiol 1993; 75:2134-2141.
5. Tarnopolsky MA, MacDougall JD, Atkinson SA. Influence of protein intake and training status on nitrogen balance and lean body mass. J Appl Physiol 1988; 64:187-193.
6. Tarnopolsky MA, Atkinson SA, MacDougall JD, Chesley A, Phillips SM, Schwarcz H. Evaluation of protein requirements for trained strength athletes. J Appl Physiol 1992; 73:1986-1995.
7. Brauns F, Stroecken SJ, Thijssen BR, Rehrer NJ, ten Hoor F. Eating, drinking and cycling. A controlled Tour de France simulation study, Part II. Effect of diet manipulation. Int J Sports Med 1989; 10:S41-S48.
8. Deuster PA, Kyle SB, Moser PB, Vigersky RA, Singh A, Schoomaker EB. Nutritional survey of highly trained women runners. Am J Clin Nutr 1986; 45:954-962.
9. Grandjean AC. Macronutrient intake of US athletes compared with the general population and recommendations made for athletes. Am J Clin Nutr 1989; 49:1070-1076.
10. El-Khoury AE, Forslund A, Olsson R, Branth S, Sjödin A, Andersson A, et al. Moderate exercise at energy balance does not affect 24-h leucine oxidation or nitrogen retention in healthy men. Am J Physiol 1997; 273:E394-E407.
11. Forslund AH, Hambraeus L, Olsson RM, El-Khoury AE, Yu YM, Young VR. The 24-h whole body leucine and urea kinetics at normal and high protein intakes with exercise in healthy adults. Am J Physiol 1998; 275:E310-320. A detailed examination of protein metabolism over an entire 24 h period.
12. Biolo G, Maggi SP, Williams BD, Tipton KD, Wolfe RR. Increased rates of muscle protein turnover and amino acid transport after resistance exercise in humans. Am J Physiol 1995; 268:E514-E520
13. Chesley A, MacDougall JD, Tarnopolsky MA, Atkinson SA, Smith K. Changes in human muscle protein synthesis after resistance exercise. J Appl Physiol 1992; 73:1383-1388.
14. Phillips SM, Tipton KD, Aarsland A, Wolf SE, Wolfe RR. Mixed muscle protein synthesis and breakdown after resistance exercise in humans. Am J Physiol 1997; 273:E99-E107.
15. Biolo G, Tipton KD, Klein S, Wolfe RR. An abundant supply of amino acids enhances the metabolic effect of exercise on muscle protein. Am J Physiol 1997; 273:E122-E129.
16. Roy BD, Tarnopolsky MA, MacDougall JD, Fowles J, Yarasheski KE. Effect of glucose supplement timing on protein metabolism after resistance training. J Appl Physiol 1997; 82:1822-1888.
17. Tipton KD, Ferrando AA, Phillips SM, Doyle D Jr, Wolfe RR. Postexercise net protein synthesis in human muscle from orally administered amino acids. Am J Physiol 1999; 76:E628-E634. A follow-up on Ref. 15, showing similar effects with oral amino acid supplements.
18. Yarasheski KE, Pak-Loduca J, Hasten D, Obert KA, Brown MB, Sinacore DR. Resistance exercise training increases mixed muscle protein synthesis rate in frail women and men > 76 yr old. Am J Physiol 1999; 277:E118-E125. A demonstration that acute exercise and exercise training increases FSR in the elderly.
19. Welle S, Thornton CA. High-protein meals do not enhance myofibrillar synthesis after resistance exercise in 62-to 75-yr-old men and women. Am J Physiol 1998; 274:E677-683. This study did not find any synergistic effect of high protein upon acute exercise-induced FSR.
20. Volpi E, Ferrando AA, Yeckel CW, Tipton KD, Wolfe RR. Exogenous amino acids stimulate net muscle protein synthesis in the elderly. J Clin Invest 1998; 101:2000-2007. This study found that intravenous amino acids increased net protein synthesis in the elderly.
21. Butterfield GE, Thompson J, Rennie MJ, Marcus R, Hintz RL, Hoffman AR. Effect of rhGH and rhIGF-I treatment on protein utilization in elderly women. Am J Physiol 1997; 272 (Endocrinol Metab 35):E94-E99.
22. Zachwieja JJ, Smith SR, Lovejoy JC, Rood JC, Windhauser MM, Bray GA. Testosterone administration preserves protein balance but not muscle strength during 28 days of bed rest. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84:207-212.
23. Bowtell JL, Lesse GP, Smith K, Watt PW, Nevill A, Rooyackers O, et al. Modulation of whole body protein metabolism, during and after exercise, by variation of dietary protein. J Appl Physiol 1998; 85:1744-1752. This study demonstrated that dietary protein intake can influence amino acid oxidation independent of an effect upon BCOAD activation.
24. Todd KS, Butterfield GE, Calloway DH. Nitrogen balance in men with adequate and deficient energy intake at three levels of work. J Nutr 1984; 114:2107-2118.
25. Wagenmakers AJ. Muscle amino acid metabolism at rest and during exercise: role in human physiology and metabolism. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 1998; 26:287-314.
26. Wagenmakers AJ, Seekers EJ, Brouns F, Kuipers H, Soeters PB, van der Vusse GJ, Saris WH. Carbohydrate supplementation, glycogen depletion, and amino acid metabolism during exercise. Am J Physiol 1991; 260:E883-EB90.
27. Lamont LS, McCullough AJ, Kalhan SC. Comparison of leucine kinetics in endurance-trained and sedentary humans. J Appl Physiol 1999; 86:320-325.
28. Zhang X, Chinkes DL, Sakurai Y, Wolfe RR. An isotopic method for measurement of muscle protein fractional breakdown rate in vivo. Am J Physiol 1996; 270:E759.
29. Balagopal P, Ljungqvist O, Nair KS. Skeletal muscle myosin heavy-chain rate in healthy subjects. Am J Physiol 1997; 272 (Endocrinol Metab 35):E45-E50.
30. Hasten DL, Morris GS, Ramanadham S, Yarasheski KE. Isolation of human skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain and actin for measurement of fractional synthetic rates. Am J Physiol 1998; 275:E1092-E1099.
31. Phillips SM, Tipton KD, Ferrando AA, Wolfe RR. Resistance training reduces the acute exercise-induced increase in muscle protein turnover. Am J Physiol 1999;276:E118-124. This study showed directional adaptations to training similar to those in McKenzie et al. (in preparation).
32. Balagopal P, Rooyackers OE, Adey DB, Ades PA, Nair KS. Effects of aging on in vivo synthesis of skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain and sarcoplasmic protein in humans. Am J Physiol 1997; 273:E790-E800.
33. Rooyackers OE, Adey DB, Ades PA, Nair KS. Effect of age on in vivo rates of mitochondrial protein synthesis in human skeletal muscle. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1996; 93:15364-15369.
34. Volpi E, Lucidi P, Bolli GB, Santeusanio F, De Feo P. Gender differences in basal protein kinetics in young adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83:4363-4367. This study supported the theory that there are sex differences in protein metabolism.
35. Zawadski KM, Yaspelkis III BB, Ivy JL. Carbohydrate-protein complex increases the rate of muscle glycogen storage after exercise. J Appl Physiol 1992; 72:1854-1859.
36. Ivy JL, Katz AL, Cutler CL, Sherman WM, Coyle EF. Muscle glycogen synthesis after exercise: effect of time of carbohydrate ingestion. J Appl Physiol 1988; 65:1480-1485.
37. Biolo G, Williams BD, Fleming RY, Wolfe RR. Insulin action on muscle protein kinetics and amino acid transport during recovery after resistance exercise. Diabetes 1999; 48:949-957. A comprehensive study of the effect of insulin upon muscle protein metabolism after exercise.
38. Roy BD, Tarnopolsky MA. Influence of differing macronutrient intakes on muscle glycogen resynthesis after resistance exercise. J Appl Physiol 1998; 84:890-896.
39. Blomstrand E, Saltin B. Effect of muscle glycogen on glucose, lactate and amino acid metabolism during exercise and recovery in human subjects. J Physiol (Lond) 1999; 514:293-302.
40. Hamada K, Matsumoto K, Okamura K, Doi T, Minehira K, Shimizu S. Effect of amino acids and glucose on exercise-induced gut and skeletal muscle proteolysis in dogs. Metabolism 1999; 48:161-166.
41. Berneis K, Ninnis R, Haussinger D, Keller U. Effects of hyper-and hypo-osmolality on whole body protein and glucose kinetics in humans. Am J Physiol 1999; 276:E188-195. This study showed that hydration has small, but significant, effects on protein turnover.
42. Fiatarone MA, O'Neill EF, Ryan ND, Clements KM, Solares GR, Nelson ME, et al. Exercise training and nutritional supplementation for physical frailty in very elderly people. N Engl J Med 1994; 330:1769-1775.
43. Frontera WR, Meredith CN, O'Reilly KP, Knuttgen HG, Evans WJ. Strength conditioning in older men: skeletal muscle hypertrophy and improved function. J Appl Physiol 1988; 64:1038-1044.
44. Campbell WW, Crim MC, Young VR, Joseph U, Evans WJ. Effects of resistance training and dietary protein intake on protein metabolism in older adults. Am J Physiol 1995; 268:E1143-E1153.
45. Russell-Jones DL, Bowes SB, Rees SE, Jackson NC, Weissberger AJ, Hovorka R, et al. Effect of growth hormone treatment on postprandial protein metabolism in growth hormone-deficient adults. Am J Physiol 1998; 274:E1050-1056.
46. Ferrando AA, Tipton KD, Doyle D, Phillips SM, Cortiella J, Wolfe RR. Testosterone injection stimulates net protein synthesis but not tissue amino acid transport. Am J Physiol 1998; 275:E864-871.