The south Asian monsoon and the tropospheric biennial oscillation

Journal of Climate

Volumn 10, Issue 8, 1997, Pages 1921-1943

  Meehl, Gerald A ^a  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; TROPICS; TROPOSPHERE; WIND;

MONSOON; TROPOSHERIC OSCILLATIONS;

ATMOSPHERIC MOVEMENTS;

MONSOON; TROPOSPHERIC BIENNIAL OSCILLATION;

ASIA, (SOUTH);

EID: 0031200852     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<1921:TSAMAT>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Alexander, M. A., and K. M. Weickmann, 1995: Biennial variability in an atmospheric general circulation model. J. Climate, 8, 431-440.
2. Barnell, T. P., 1988: Variations in near-global surface pressure. Another view. J. Climate, 1, 225-230.
3. _, 1991: The interaction of multiple time scales in the tropical climate system. J. Climate, 4, 269-285.
4. _, L. Dümenil, U. Schlese, E. Roeckner, and M. Latif, 1989: The effect of Eurasian snow cover on regional and global climate variations. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 661-685.
5. Blanford, H. E, 1884: On the connexion of Himalayan snowfall and seasons of drought in India. Proc. Roy. Soc. London, 37, 3-22.
6. Branstator, G. W., 1983: Horizontal energy propagation in a barotropic atmosphere with meridional and zonal structure. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1689-1708.
7. _, 1990: Mechanisms affecting the midlatitude atmospheric response to equatorial heating anomalies. Proc. TOGA Int. Scientific Conf., Honolulu, HI, World Meteor. Org., 211-216.
8. Brier, G. W., 1978: The quasi-biennial oscillation and feedback processes in the atmosphere-ocean-earth system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 938-946.
9. Charney, J., W. J. Quirk, S.-H. Chow, and J. Kornfield, 1977: A comparative study of the effects of albedo change on drought in semi-arid regions. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1366-1385.
10. Chen, T-C., and M.-C. Yen, 1993: The effect of planetary-scale divergent circulation on the interannual variation of the summertime stationary eddies: The tropical easterly jet. Tellus, 45A, 15-27.
11. _, and _, 1994: Interannual variation of the Indian monsoon simulated by the NCAR Community Climate Model: Effect of the tropical Pacific SST. J. Climate, 7, 1403-1415.
12. Clemens, S. C., and R. J. Oglesby, 1992: Interhemispheric moisture transport in the Indian Ocean summer monsoon: Data-model and model-model comparisons. Paleoceanography, 7, 633-643.
13. Douville, H., and J.-F. Royer, 1996: Sensitivity of the Asian summer monsoon to an anomalous Eurasian snow cover within the Meteo-France GCM. Climate Dyn., 12, 449-466.
14. Goswami, B. N., 1995: A multiscale interaction model for the origin of the tropospheric QBO. J. Climate, 8, 524-534.
15. Gray, W. M., J. D. Sheaffer, and J. A. Knaff, 1992: Influence of the stratospheric QBO on ENSO variability. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 70, 975-995.
16. Groisman, P. Y, T. R. Karl, and R. W. Knight, 1994: Changes in snow cover, temperature, and radiative heat balance over the Northern Hemisphere. J. Climate, 7, 1633-1656.
17. Hahn, D. J., and J. Shukla, 1976: An apparent relationship between Eurasian snow cover and Indian monsoon rainfall. J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 2461-2462.
18. Halpert, M. S., and C. E Ropelewski, Eds., 1991: Climate assessment, a decadal review 1981-1990. U.S. Department of Commerce Rep., 109pp. [Available from National Center for Environmental Prediction, Camp Springs, MD 20233.]
19. _, and _, 1992: Surface temperature patterns associated with the Southern Oscillation. J. Climate, 5, 577-593.
20. Hastenrath, S., A. Nicklis, and L. Greischar, 1993: Atmospheric-hydrospheric mechanisms of climate anomalies in the western equatorial Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 20219-20235.
21. Jaeger, L., 1976: Monatskarten des Niederschlags fur die Ganze Erde. Ber. Dtsch. Wetterdienstes, 139, 1-38.
22. Jiang, N., J. D. Neelin, and M. Ghil, 1995: Quasi-quadrennial and quasi-biennial variability in the equatorial Pacific. Climate Dyn., 12, 101-112.
23. Jin. F.-F., J. D. Neelin, and M. Ghil, 1994: El Niño on the Devil's Staircase: Annual subharmonic steps to chaos. Science, 264, 70-72.
24. Ju, J., and J. Slingo, 1995: The Asian summer monsoon and ENSO. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 121, 1133-1168.
25. Kiladis, G. N., and H. van Loon, 1988: The Southern Oscillation. Part VII: Meteorological anomalies over the Indian and Pacific sectors associated with the extremes of the oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 120-136.
26. _, and H. F. Diaz, 1989: Global climatic anomalies associated with extremes in the Southern Oscillation. J. Climate, 2, 1069-1090.
27. Kitoh, A., 1992: Simulated interannual variations of the Indo-Australian monsoons. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 70, 563-583.
28. Krishnamurti, T. N., H. S. Bedi, and M. Subramanian, 1989: The summer monsoon of 1987. J. Climate, 2, 321-340.
29. _, _, and _, 1990: The summer monsoon of 1988. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 42, 19-37.
30. Kutsuwada, K., 1991: Quasi-periodic variabilities of wind-stress fields over the Pacific Ocean related to ENSO events. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 69, 687-699.
31. Kutzbach, J. E., W. L. Prell, and W. F. Ruddiman, 1993: Sensitivity of Eurasian climate to surface uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. J. Geology, 101, 177-190.
32. Lamb, P. J., and R. A. Peppier, 1991: West Africa. Teleconnections Linking Worldwide Climate Anomalies, M. Glantz, R. W. Katz, and N. Nicholls, Eds., Cambridge University Press, 121-189.
33. Latif, M., A. Sterl, M. Assenbaum, M. M. Junge, and E. Maier-Reimer, 1994: Climate variability in a coupled GCM. Part II. The Indian Ocean and monsoon. J. Climate. 7, 1449-1462.
34. Lau, K.-M., 1992: East Asian summer monsoon rainfall variability and climate teleconnection. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 70, 211-242.
35. _, and P. J. Sheu, 1988: Annual cycle, quasi-biennial oscillation, and Southern Oscillation in global precipitation. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 10975-10988.
36. _, and S. Yang, 1996: The Asian monsoon and predictability of the tropical ocean-atmosphere system. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 122, 945-957,
37. Li, C., and M. Yanai, 1996: The onset and interannual variability of the Asian summer monsoon in relation to land-sea thermal contrast. J. Climate, 9, 358-375.
38. Lofgren, B. M., 1995: Sensitivity of land-ocean circulations, precipitation, and soil moisture to perturbed land surface albedo. J. Climate, 8, 2521-2542.
39. Lukas, R., 1988: Interannual fluctuations of the Mindanao Current inferred from sea level. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 6744-6748.
40. Mann, M. E., and J. Park, 1996: Joint spatiotemporal modes of surface temperature and sea level pressure variability in the Northern Hemisphere during the last century. J. Climate, 9, 2137-2162.
41. Marengo, J. A., and S. Hastenrath, 1993: Case studies of extreme climatic events in the Amazon Basin. J. Climate, 6, 617-627.
42. Masumoto, Y., and T. Yamagata, 1991: The response of the western tropical Pacific to the Asian winter monsoon: The generation of the Mindanao Dome. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 1386-1398.
43. Meehl, G. A., 1987: The annual cycle and interannual variability in the tropical Indian and Pacific Ocean regions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 27-50.
44. _, 1988: Tropical-midlatitude interactions in the Indian and Pacific sectors of the Southern Hemisphere. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 472-484.
45. _, 1989: The coupled ocean-atmosphere modeling problem in the tropical Pacific and Asian monsoon regions. J. Climate, 2, 1146-1163.
46. _. 1990: Seasonal cycle forcing of El Nino-Southern Oscillation in a global, coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM. J. Climate, 3, 72-98.
47. _, 1993: A coupled air-sea biennial mechanism in the tropical Indian and Pacific regions: Role of the ocean. J. Climate, 6, 31-41.
48. _, 1994a: Coupled land-ocean-atmosphere processes and south Asian monsoon variability. Science, 266, 263-267.
49. _, 1994b: Influence of the land surface in the Asian summer monsoon: External conditions versus internal feedbacks. J. Climate, 7, 1033-1049.
50. _, and W. M. Washington, 1993: South Asian summer monsoon variability in a model with doubled atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. Science, 260, 1101-1104.
51. 2 climate change. J. Climate, 6, 42-63.
52. 2 transient climate change. Part 3, Intermonthly and interannual variability. Climate Dyn., 10, 277-303.
53. Murakami, T, and B. Wang, 1993: Annual cycle of equatorial east-west circulation over the Indian and Pacific Oceans. J. Climate, 6, 932-952.
54. Nicholls, N., 1978: Air-sea interaction and the quasi-biennial oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 1505-1508.
55. _, 1979: A simple air-sea interaction model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 105, 93-105.
56. _, 1984: The Southern Oscillation and Indonesian sea surface temperature. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 424-432.
57. Nicholson, S. E., 1997: An analysis of the ENSO signal in the tropical Atlantic and western Indian Oceans. Int. J. Climatol., 17, 345-375.
58. Nigam, S., 1994: On the dynamical basis for the Asian summer monsoon rainfall-El Nino relationship. J. Climate, 7, 1750-1771.
59. Palmer, T. N., C. Brankovic, P. Viterbo, and M. J. Miller, 1992: Modeling interannual variations of summer monsoons. J. Climate, 5, 399-417.
60. Parthasarathy, B., K. Rupa Kumar, and A. A. Munot, 1991: Evidence of secular variations in Indian monsoon rainfall-circulation relationships. J. Climate, 4, 927-938.
61. Rasmusson, E. M., and T. H. Carpenter, 1983: The relationship between eastern equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures and rainfall over India and Sri Lanka. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 517-528.
62. _, X. Wang, and C. F. Ropelewski, 1990: The biennial component of ENSO variability. J. Mar. Syst., 1, 71-90.
63. Ropelewski, C. F., and M. S. Halpert, 1987: Global and regional scale precipitation patterns associated with the El Nino/Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1606-1626.
64. _, and _, 1989: Precipitation patterns associated with the high index phase of the Southern Oscillation. J. Climate, 2, 268-284.
65. _, _, and X. Wang, 1992: Observed tropospheric biennial variability and its relationship to the Southern Oscillation, J. Climate, 5, 594-614.
66. Sankar-Rao, M., K. M. Lau, and S. Yang, 1996: On the relationship between Eurasian snow cover and the Asian summer monsoon. Int. J. Climatol., 16, 605-616.
67. Shen, S., and K.-M. Lau, 1995: Biennial oscillation associated with the east Asian summer monsoon and tropical sea surface temperature. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 73, 105-124.
68. Shukla, J., 1987: Interannual variability of monsoons. Monsoons, J. S. Fein and P. L. Stephens, Eds., John Wiley and Sons, 399-464.
69. _, and Y. Mintz, 1982: Influence of land-surface evapotranspiration on the earth's climate. Science, 215, 1498-1500.
70. Soman, J. K., and J. Slingo, 1997: Sensitivity of Asian summer monsoon to aspects of sea surface temperature anomalies in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 309-336.
71. Terray, P., 1995: Space-time structure of monsoon interannual variability. J. Climate, 8, 2595-2619.
72. Ting, M., 1994: Maintenance of northern summer stationary waves in a GCM. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 3286-3308.
73. Tomita, T., and T. Yasunari, 1996: Role of the northeast winter monsoon on the biennial oscillation of the ENSO/monsoon system. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 74, 399-413.
74. Trenberth, K. E., 1975: A quasi-biennial standing wave in the Southern Hemisphere and interrelations with sea surface temperature. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 101, 55-74.
75. _, 1992: Global analyses from ECMWF and atlas of 1000 to 10 mb circulation statistics. NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-373 + STR, 191 pp and microfiche. [Available from NCAR, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307.]
76. van Loon, H., and J. Williams, 1977: The connection between trends of mean temperature and circulation at the surface: Part IV. Comparison of the surface changes in the Northern Hemisphere with the upper air and with the Antarctic in winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 105, 636-647.
77. Vernekar, A. D., J. Zhou. and J. Shukla, 1995: The effect of Eurasian snow cover on the Indian monsoon. J. Climate, 8, 248-266.
78. Ward, M. N., 1995: Analysing the boreal summer relationship between worldwide sea-surface temperature and atmospheric variability. Analysis of Climate Variability, H. von Storch and A. Navarra, Eds., Springer-Verlag, 95-117.
79. 2: Experiments with a coupled atmosphere and ocean general circulation model. Climate Dyn., 4, 1-38.
80. Webster, P. J., 1987: The elementary monsoon. Monsoons, J, S. Fein and P. L. Stephens, Eds., John Wiley and Sons, 3-32.
81. _, and S. Yang, 1992: Monsoon and ENSO: Selectively interactive systems. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 118, 877-926.
82. Yang, S., 1996: ENSO-snow-monsoon associations and seasonal-interannual predictions. Int. J. Climatol, 16, 125-134.
83. _, and P. J. Webster, 1990: The effect of tropical heating in the adjacent hemisphere on the extratropical westerly jet streams. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 18705-18721.
84. _, K.-M. Lau, and M. Sankar-Rao, 1996: Precursory signals associated with the interannual variability of the Asian summer monsoon. J. Climate, 9, 949-964.
85. Yasunari, T, 1990: Impact of Indian monsoon on the coupled atmosphere/ocean system in the tropical Pacific. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 44, 29-41.
86. _, 1991: The monsoon year - A new concept of the climatic year in the tropics. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 72, 1331-1338.
87. _, and Y. Seki, 1992: Role of the Asian monsoon on the interannual variability of the global climate system. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 70, 177-189.
88. _, A. Kitoh, and T. Tokioka, 1991: Local and remote responses to excessive snow mass over Eurasia appearing in the northern spring and summer climate - A study with the MRI-GCM. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan. 69, 473-487.