메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 78-98

Handwriting and spelling instruction for students with learning disabilities: A review

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0033096294     PISSN: 07319487     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/1511268     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (164)

References (177)
  • 3
    • 84930562309 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of auditory/visual and visual/motor practice on the spelling accuracy of learning disabled children
    • Aleman, C., & McLaughlin, T. (1990). Comparison of auditory/visual and visual/motor practice on the spelling accuracy of learning disabled children. Reading Improvement, 27, 261-268.
    • (1990) Reading Improvement , vol.27 , pp. 261-268
    • Aleman, C.1    McLaughlin, T.2
  • 4
    • 0009204553 scopus 로고
    • The handwriting of seven to nine year olds
    • Alston, J. (1985). The handwriting of seven to nine year olds. British Journal of Special Education, 12, 68-72.
    • (1985) British Journal of Special Education , vol.12 , pp. 68-72
    • Alston, J.1
  • 5
    • 0001386270 scopus 로고
    • Neatness counts: Effects of direct instruction and self-monitoring on the transfer of neat-paper skills to nontraining settings
    • Anderson-Inman, L., Paine, S., & Deutchman, L. (1984). Neatness counts: Effects of direct instruction and self-monitoring on the transfer of neat-paper skills to nontraining settings. Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities, 4, 137-155.
    • (1984) Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities , vol.4 , pp. 137-155
    • Anderson-Inman, L.1    Paine, S.2    Deutchman, L.3
  • 6
    • 84935638670 scopus 로고
    • Does phoneme awareness training in kindergarten make a difference in early word recognition and developmental spelling
    • Ball, E., & Blachman, B. (1991). Does phoneme awareness training in kindergarten make a difference in early word recognition and developmental spelling. Reading Research Quarterly, 26, 49-66.
    • (1991) Reading Research Quarterly , vol.26 , pp. 49-66
    • Ball, E.1    Blachman, B.2
  • 7
    • 0000814343 scopus 로고
    • Phoneme segmentation training: Effect on reading readiness
    • Ball, E., & Blachman, B. (1988). Phoneme segmentation training: Effect on reading readiness. Annals of Dyslexia, 38, 208-225.
    • (1988) Annals of Dyslexia , vol.38 , pp. 208-225
    • Ball, E.1    Blachman, B.2
  • 9
    • 0018837850 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of locus-of-control orientation and the performance of learning disabled adolescents
    • Bendell, D., Tollefson, N., & Fine, M. (1980). Interaction of locus-of-control orientation and the performance of learning disabled adolescents. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 13, 32-35.
    • (1980) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.13 , pp. 32-35
    • Bendell, D.1    Tollefson, N.2    Fine, M.3
  • 11
    • 0032220145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teaching spelling to children with specific learning disabilities: The mind's ear and eye beat the computer or pencil
    • Berninger, V., Abbott, R., Rogan, L., Reed, E., Abbott, S., Brooks, A., Vaughn, K., & Graham, S. (1998). Teaching spelling to children with specific learning disabilities: The mind's ear and eye beat the computer or pencil. Learning Disability Quarterly, 21, 106-122.
    • (1998) Learning Disability Quarterly , vol.21 , pp. 106-122
    • Berninger, V.1    Abbott, R.2    Rogan, L.3    Reed, E.4    Abbott, S.5    Brooks, A.6    Vaughn, K.7    Graham, S.8
  • 12
    • 21844507774 scopus 로고
    • Integrating low- and high-level skills in instructional protocols for writing disabilities
    • Berninger, V., Abbott, R., Whitaker, D., Sylvester, L., & Nolan, S. (1995). Integrating low- and high-level skills in instructional protocols for writing disabilities. Learning Disability Quarterly, 18, 293-310.
    • (1995) Learning Disability Quarterly , vol.18 , pp. 293-310
    • Berninger, V.1    Abbott, R.2    Whitaker, D.3    Sylvester, L.4    Nolan, S.5
  • 13
    • 0002476551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Language by hand: A synthesis of a decade of research in handwriting
    • Berninger, V., & Graham, S. (1998). Language by hand: A synthesis of a decade of research in handwriting. Handwriting Review, 12, 11-25.
    • (1998) Handwriting Review , vol.12 , pp. 11-25
    • Berninger, V.1    Graham, S.2
  • 14
    • 0002873040 scopus 로고
    • Theory-based diagnosis and remediation of writing disabilities
    • Berninger, V., Mizokawa, D., & Bragg, R. (1991). Theory-based diagnosis and remediation of writing disabilities. Journal of School Psychology, 29, 57-79.
    • (1991) Journal of School Psychology , vol.29 , pp. 57-79
    • Berninger, V.1    Mizokawa, D.2    Bragg, R.3
  • 16
    • 0032270221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multiple connections approach to early intervention for spelling problems: Integrating instructional, learner, and stimulus variables
    • Berninger, V., Vaughn, K., Abbott, R., Brooks, A., Abbott, S., Rogan, L., Reed, E., & Graham, S. (1998). A multiple connections approach to early intervention for spelling problems: Integrating instructional, learner, and stimulus variables. Journal of Educational Psychology, 90, 587-605.
    • (1998) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.90 , pp. 587-605
    • Berninger, V.1    Vaughn, K.2    Abbott, R.3    Brooks, A.4    Abbott, S.5    Rogan, L.6    Reed, E.7    Graham, S.8
  • 17
    • 0009126802 scopus 로고
    • Improving parent-teacher communication through recorded telephone messages
    • Bittle, R. (1975). Improving parent-teacher communication through recorded telephone messages. Journal of Educational Research, 69, 87-95.
    • (1975) Journal of Educational Research , vol.69 , pp. 87-95
    • Bittle, R.1
  • 18
    • 0023353762 scopus 로고
    • Effects of a self-instructional procedure on handwriting
    • Blandford, B., & Lloyd, J. (1987). Effects of a self-instructional procedure on handwriting. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 20, 342-346.
    • (1987) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.20 , pp. 342-346
    • Blandford, B.1    Lloyd, J.2
  • 19
    • 84965506968 scopus 로고
    • Effects of proofreading on spelling: How reading misspelled and correctly spelled words affects spelling accuracy
    • Bradley, J., & King, P. (1992). Effects of proofreading on spelling: How reading misspelled and correctly spelled words affects spelling accuracy. Journal of Reading Behavior, 24, 413-432.
    • (1992) Journal of Reading Behavior , vol.24 , pp. 413-432
    • Bradley, J.1    King, P.2
  • 20
    • 0019378110 scopus 로고
    • The organisation of motor patterns for spelling: An effective remedial strategy for backward readers
    • Bradley, L. (1981). The organisation of motor patterns for spelling: An effective remedial strategy for backward readers. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 23, 83-91.
    • (1981) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology , vol.23 , pp. 83-91
    • Bradley, L.1
  • 22
    • 0000159222 scopus 로고
    • A review of recent research on spelling
    • Brown, A. (1990). A review of recent research on spelling. Educational Psychology Review, 2, 365-397.
    • (1990) Educational Psychology Review , vol.2 , pp. 365-397
    • Brown, A.1
  • 23
    • 0019557333 scopus 로고
    • Effects of varying unit size on spelling achievement in learning disabled children
    • Bryant, N., Drabin, I., & Gettinger, M. (1981). Effects of varying unit size on spelling achievement in learning disabled children. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 14, 200-203.
    • (1981) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.14 , pp. 200-203
    • Bryant, N.1    Drabin, I.2    Gettinger, M.3
  • 24
    • 0031477665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of explicit-strategy and whole-language instruction on students' spelling ability
    • Butyniec-Thomas, J., & Woloshyn, V. (1997). The effects of explicit-strategy and whole-language instruction on students' spelling ability. Journal of Experimental Education, 65, 291-302.
    • (1997) Journal of Experimental Education , vol.65 , pp. 291-302
    • Butyniec-Thomas, J.1    Woloshyn, V.2
  • 25
    • 0009122858 scopus 로고
    • Vancouver, BC, Canada: Educational Research Institute of British Columbia. (ERIC Document Reproduction No. ED 221 880)
    • Caisley, K. (1982). Evaluation of implementing proofreading into the school spelling program. Vancouver, BC, Canada: Educational Research Institute of British Columbia. (ERIC Document Reproduction No. ED 221 880)
    • (1982) Evaluation of Implementing Proofreading into the School Spelling Program
    • Caisley, K.1
  • 26
    • 21844515952 scopus 로고
    • Getting off to a better start in reading and spelling: The effects of phonemic awareness instruction within a whole language program
    • Castle, J., Riach, J., & Nicholson, T. (1994). Getting off to a better start in reading and spelling: The effects of phonemic awareness instruction within a whole language program. Journal of Educational Psychology, 86, 350-359.
    • (1994) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.86 , pp. 350-359
    • Castle, J.1    Riach, J.2    Nicholson, T.3
  • 27
    • 0020458833 scopus 로고
    • Improving parent-teacher communication through recorded telephone messages
    • Chapman, J., & Heward, W. (1982). Improving parent-teacher communication through recorded telephone messages. Exceptional Children, 49, 79-82.
    • (1982) Exceptional Children , vol.49 , pp. 79-82
    • Chapman, J.1    Heward, W.2
  • 29
    • 84963332750 scopus 로고
    • Essay test scoring: Interaction of relevant variables
    • Chase, C. (1986). Essay test scoring: Interaction of relevant variables. Journal of Educational Measurement, 23, 33-41.
    • (1986) Journal of Educational Measurement , vol.23 , pp. 33-41
    • Chase, C.1
  • 30
    • 84928840298 scopus 로고
    • Invented versus traditional spelling in first graders' writing: Effects on learning to spell and read
    • Clarke, L. 1988). Invented versus traditional spelling in first graders' writing: Effects on learning to spell and read. Research in the Teaching of English, 22, 281-309.
    • (1988) Research in the Teaching of English , vol.22 , pp. 281-309
    • Clarke, L.1
  • 31
    • 84937318885 scopus 로고
    • Effects of using a ratio of new items to review items during drill and practice: Three experiments
    • Cooke, N., Guzaukas, R., Pressley, J., & Kerr, K. (1993). Effects of using a ratio of new items to review items during drill and practice: Three experiments. Education and Treatment of Children, 16, 213-234.
    • (1993) Education and Treatment of Children , vol.16 , pp. 213-234
    • Cooke, N.1    Guzaukas, R.2    Pressley, J.3    Kerr, K.4
  • 32
    • 0001396658 scopus 로고
    • Do spelling-books teach spelling?
    • Curtis, H., & Dolch, E. (1939). Do spelling-books teach spelling? Elementary School Journal, 39, 584-592.
    • (1939) Elementary School Journal , vol.39 , pp. 584-592
    • Curtis, H.1    Dolch, E.2
  • 33
    • 0001945095 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of visual imagery versus rule-based strategies in teaching spelling to learning disabled students
    • Darch, C., & Simpson, R. (1990). Effectiveness of visual imagery versus rule-based strategies in teaching spelling to learning disabled students. Research in Rural Education, 7, 61-70.
    • (1990) Research in Rural Education , vol.7 , pp. 61-70
    • Darch, C.1    Simpson, R.2
  • 34
    • 84937311873 scopus 로고
    • Effects of phonemic processes on word reading and spelling
    • Davidson, M., & Jenkins, J. (1994). Effects of phonemic processes on word reading and spelling. Journal of Educational Research, 87, 148-157.
    • (1994) Journal of Educational Research , vol.87 , pp. 148-157
    • Davidson, M.1    Jenkins, J.2
  • 35
    • 0032376053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of executive control to the revising problems of students with writing and learning difficulties
    • De La Paz, S., Swanson, P., & Graham, S. (1998). Contribution of executive control to the revising problems of students with writing and learning difficulties. Journal of Educational Psychology, 90, 448-460.
    • (1998) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.90 , pp. 448-460
    • De La Paz, S.1    Swanson, P.2    Graham, S.3
  • 36
    • 0000301225 scopus 로고
    • The peer tutoring spelling game: A classroom procedure for increasing opportunity to respond and spelling performance
    • Delquardi, J., Greenwood, C., Stretton, K., & Hall, V. (1983). The peer tutoring spelling game: A classroom procedure for increasing opportunity to respond and spelling performance. Education and Treatment of Children, 6, 225-239.
    • (1983) Education and Treatment of Children , vol.6 , pp. 225-239
    • Delquardi, J.1    Greenwood, C.2    Stretton, K.3    Hall, V.4
  • 37
    • 84930562632 scopus 로고
    • The effects of practicing words in sentences on generalization of spelling to written work with mentally handicapped students
    • Diaz, N., McLaughlin, T., & Williams, R. (1990). The effects of practicing words in sentences on generalization of spelling to written work with mentally handicapped students. Psychology in the Schools, 27, 347-353.
    • (1990) Psychology in the Schools , vol.27 , pp. 347-353
    • Diaz, N.1    McLaughlin, T.2    Williams, R.3
  • 38
    • 84963186187 scopus 로고
    • Spelling acquisition: Effects of pronouncing words on memory for their spellings
    • Drake, D., & Ehri, L. (1984). Spelling acquisition: Effects of pronouncing words on memory for their spellings. Cognition and Instruction, 1, 297-320.
    • (1984) Cognition and Instruction , vol.1 , pp. 297-320
    • Drake, D.1    Ehri, L.2
  • 39
    • 84973719689 scopus 로고
    • The case for cursive writing
    • Early, G. (1973). The case for cursive writing. Academic Therapy, 9, 105-108.
    • (1973) Academic Therapy , vol.9 , pp. 105-108
    • Early, G.1
  • 40
    • 84973748588 scopus 로고
    • Whose agenda is this anyway? a response to McKenna, Robinson, and Miller
    • Edelsky, C. (1990). Whose agenda is this anyway? A response to McKenna, Robinson, and Miller. Educational Researcher, 19, 7-11.
    • (1990) Educational Researcher , vol.19 , pp. 7-11
    • Edelsky, C.1
  • 41
    • 0024686976 scopus 로고
    • The development of spelling knowledge and its role in reading acquisition and reading disability
    • Ehri, L. (1989). The development of spelling knowledge and its role in reading acquisition and reading disability. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 22, 356-365.
    • (1989) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.22 , pp. 356-365
    • Ehri, L.1
  • 42
    • 0009201644 scopus 로고
    • Influence of errors on learning the spellings of english words
    • Ehri, L., Gibbs, A., & Underwood, T. (1988). Influence of errors on learning the spellings of English words. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 13, 236-253.
    • (1988) Contemporary Educational Psychology , vol.13 , pp. 236-253
    • Ehri, L.1    Gibbs, A.2    Underwood, T.3
  • 44
    • 84936352105 scopus 로고
    • Microcomputer-administered spelling tests: Effects on learning handicapped and normally achieving students
    • English, J., Gerber, M., & Semmel, M. (1985). Microcomputer-administered spelling tests: Effects on learning handicapped and normally achieving students. Journal of Reading, Writing, and Learning Disabilities, 1, 26-41.
    • (1985) Journal of Reading, Writing, and Learning Disabilities , vol.1 , pp. 26-41
    • English, J.1    Gerber, M.2    Semmel, M.3
  • 47
    • 0015828449 scopus 로고
    • Improvement of handwriting and letter recognition skills: A behavior modification procedure
    • Fauke, J., Burnett, J., Poers, M., & Sulzer-Azeroff, R. (1973). Improvement of handwriting and letter recognition skills: A behavior modification procedure. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 6, 25-29.
    • (1973) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.6 , pp. 25-29
    • Fauke, J.1    Burnett, J.2    Poers, M.3    Sulzer-Azeroff, R.4
  • 48
    • 84930556565 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of tasks in two approaches to literacy instruction
    • Fisher, C., & Hiebert, E. (1990). Characteristics of tasks in two approaches to literacy instruction. Elementary School Journal, 91, 3-18.
    • (1990) Elementary School Journal , vol.91 , pp. 3-18
    • Fisher, C.1    Hiebert, E.2
  • 49
    • 0009204222 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of a spelling study package for learning disabled students
    • Frank, A., Wacker, D., Keith, T., & Sagen, T. (1987). Effectiveness of a spelling study package for learning disabled students. Learning Disabilities Research, 2, 110-118.
    • (1987) Learning Disabilities Research , vol.2 , pp. 110-118
    • Frank, A.1    Wacker, D.2    Keith, T.3    Sagen, T.4
  • 50
    • 84930560029 scopus 로고
    • Effects of group conferences on first graders' revisions in writing
    • Fitzgerald, J., & Stamm, C. (1990). Effects of group conferences on first graders' revisions in writing. Written Communication, 7, 96-135,
    • (1990) Written Communication , vol.7 , pp. 96-135
    • Fitzgerald, J.1    Stamm, C.2
  • 51
    • 0018050509 scopus 로고
    • A remediation program for increasing the spelling achievement of elementary and junior high school students
    • Foxx, R., & Jones, J. (1978). A remediation program for increasing the spelling achievement of elementary and junior high school students. Behavior Modification, 2, 211-230.
    • (1978) Behavior Modification , vol.2 , pp. 211-230
    • Foxx, R.1    Jones, J.2
  • 52
    • 84973744449 scopus 로고
    • The contribution of skills analysis to curriculum-based measurement in spelling
    • Fuchs, L., Fuchs, D., Hamlett, C., & Allinder, R. (1991a). The contribution of skills analysis to curriculum-based measurement in spelling. Exceptional Children, 57, 443-452.
    • (1991) Exceptional Children , vol.57 , pp. 443-452
    • Fuchs, L.1    Fuchs, D.2    Hamlett, C.3    Allinder, R.4
  • 53
    • 0002565744 scopus 로고
    • Effects of expert system advice within curriculum-based measurement on teacher planning and student achievement
    • Fuchs, L., Fuchs, D., Hamlett, C., & Allinder, R. (1991b). Effects of expert system advice within curriculum-based measurement on teacher planning and student achievement. School Psychology Review, 20, 49-66.
    • (1991) School Psychology Review , vol.20 , pp. 49-66
    • Fuchs, L.1    Fuchs, D.2    Hamlett, C.3    Allinder, R.4
  • 54
    • 84970361685 scopus 로고
    • Spelling interventions for students with disabilities: A review
    • Fulk, B., & Stormont-Spurgin, M. (1995). Spelling interventions for students with disabilities: A review. Journal of Special Education, 28, 488-513.
    • (1995) Journal of Special Education , vol.28 , pp. 488-513
    • Fulk, B.1    Stormont-Spurgin, M.2
  • 55
    • 0022815608 scopus 로고
    • Generalization of spelling strategies by LD students as a result of contingent imitation/modeling and mastery criteria
    • Gerber, M. (1986). Generalization of spelling strategies by LD students as a result of contingent imitation/modeling and mastery criteria. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 19, 530-537.
    • (1986) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.19 , pp. 530-537
    • Gerber, M.1
  • 56
    • 0027669007 scopus 로고
    • Effects of invented spelling and direct instruction on spelling performance of second-grade boys
    • Gettinger, M. (1993). Effects of invented spelling and direct instruction on spelling performance of second-grade boys. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 26, 281-291.
    • (1993) Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , vol.26 , pp. 281-291
    • Gettinger, M.1
  • 57
    • 84987355460 scopus 로고
    • Effects of teacher-directed versus student-directed instruction and cues versus no cues for improving spelling performance
    • Gettinger, M. (1985). Effects of teacher-directed versus student-directed Instruction and cues versus no cues for improving spelling performance. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 18, 167-171.
    • (1985) Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , vol.18 , pp. 167-171
    • Gettinger, M.1
  • 58
    • 84970428081 scopus 로고
    • Designing spelling instruction for learning disabled children: An emphasis on unit size, distributed practice, and training for transfer
    • Gettinger, M., Bryant, N., & Fayne, H. (1982). Designing spelling instruction for learning disabled children: An emphasis on unit size, distributed practice, and training for transfer. Journal of Special Education, 16, 439-448.
    • (1982) Journal of Special Education , vol.16 , pp. 439-448
    • Gettinger, M.1    Bryant, N.2    Fayne, H.3
  • 59
    • 0001401355 scopus 로고
    • Effect of reading on spelling in the secondary schools
    • Gilbert, L. (1934a). Effect of reading on spelling in the secondary schools. California Quarterly of Secondary Education, 9, 269-275.
    • (1934) California Quarterly of Secondary Education , vol.9 , pp. 269-275
    • Gilbert, L.1
  • 60
    • 0000000612 scopus 로고
    • Effect of reading on spelling in the ninth grade
    • Gilbert, L. (1934b). Effect of reading on spelling in the ninth grade. School Review, 42, 197-204.
    • (1934) School Review , vol.42 , pp. 197-204
    • Gilbert, L.1
  • 61
    • 0000806767 scopus 로고
    • A study of the effect of reading on spelling
    • Gilbert, L. (1935). A study of the effect of reading on spelling. Journal of Educational Research, 28, 570-576.
    • (1935) Journal of Educational Research , vol.28 , pp. 570-576
    • Gilbert, L.1
  • 62
    • 0001427258 scopus 로고
    • Spelling interventions: A review of literature and implications for instruction for students with learning disabilities
    • Gordon, J., Vaughn, S., & Schumm, S. (1993). Spelling interventions: A review of literature and implications for instruction for students with learning disabilities. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 8, 175-181.
    • (1993) Learning Disabilities Research and Practice , vol.8 , pp. 175-181
    • Gordon, J.1    Vaughn, S.2    Schumm, S.3
  • 64
    • 0031514878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive control in the revising of students with learning and writing difficulties
    • Graham, S. (1997). Executive control in the revising of students with learning and writing difficulties. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89, 223-234.
    • (1997) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.89 , pp. 223-234
    • Graham, S.1
  • 65
    • 0009124572 scopus 로고
    • Are slanted manuscript alphabets superior to the traditional alphabet?
    • Graham, S. (1993/1994). Are slanted manuscript alphabets superior to the traditional alphabet? Childhood Education, 70, 91-95.
    • (1993) Childhood Education , vol.70 , pp. 91-95
    • Graham, S.1
  • 66
    • 0002527924 scopus 로고
    • Issues in handwriting instruction
    • Graham, S. (1992). Issues in handwriting instruction. Focus on Exceptional Children, 25, 1-14.
    • (1992) Focus on Exceptional Children , vol.25 , pp. 1-14
    • Graham, S.1
  • 67
    • 0000287683 scopus 로고
    • The role of production factors in learning disabled students' compositions
    • Graham, S. (1990). The role of production factors in learning disabled students' compositions. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 781-791.
    • (1990) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.82 , pp. 781-791
    • Graham, S.1
  • 68
    • 0009197763 scopus 로고
    • The effects of self-instructional procedures on LD students' handwriting performance
    • Graham, S. (1983a). The effects of self-instructional procedures on LD students' handwriting performance. Learning Disability Quarterly, 6, 231-234.
    • (1983) Learning Disability Quarterly , vol.6 , pp. 231-234
    • Graham, S.1
  • 69
    • 84926270085 scopus 로고
    • Effective spelling instruction
    • Graham, S. (1983b). Effective spelling instruction. Elementary School Journal, 83, 560-567.
    • (1983) Elementary School Journal , vol.83 , pp. 560-567
    • Graham, S.1
  • 70
    • 0022154275 scopus 로고
    • Teaching basic academic skills to learning disabled students: A model of the teaching/learning process
    • Graham, S. (1985). Teaching basic academic skills to learning disabled students: A model of the teaching/learning process. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 18, 528-534.
    • (1985) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.18 , pp. 528-534
    • Graham, S.1
  • 71
    • 0031519757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of mechanics in composing of elementary school students: A new methodological approach
    • Graham, S., Berninger, V., Abbott, R., Abbott, S., & Whitaker, D. (1997). The role of mechanics in composing of elementary school students: A new methodological approach. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89, 170-182.
    • (1997) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.89 , pp. 170-182
    • Graham, S.1    Berninger, V.2    Abbott, R.3    Abbott, S.4    Whitaker, D.5
  • 73
    • 0000881433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between handwriting style and speed and legibility
    • Graham, S., Berninger, V., & Weintraub, N. (1998). The relationship between handwriting style and speed and legibility. Journal of Educational Research, 91, 290-297.
    • (1998) Journal of Educational Research , vol.91 , pp. 290-297
    • Graham, S.1    Berninger, V.2    Weintraub, N.3
  • 75
    • 0009127118 scopus 로고
    • Strategy training and teacher vs. student-controlled study conditions: Effects on learning disabled students' spelling performance
    • Graham, S., & Freeman, S. (1986). Strategy training and teacher vs. student-controlled study conditions: Effects on learning disabled students' spelling performance. Learning Disability Quarterly, 9, 15-22.
    • (1986) Learning Disability Quarterly , vol.9 , pp. 15-22
    • Graham, S.1    Freeman, S.2
  • 76
    • 85070374764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whole language and process writing: Does one approach fit all?
    • J. Lloyd, E. Kameenui, & D. Chard (Eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Graham, S., & Harris, K. (1997). Whole language and process writing: Does one approach fit all? In J. Lloyd, E. Kameenui, & D. Chard (Eds.), Issues in educating students with disabilities (pp. 239-258). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1997) Issues in Educating Students with Disabilities , pp. 239-258
    • Graham, S.1    Harris, K.2
  • 77
    • 84965693864 scopus 로고
    • Implications of constructivism for teaching writing to students with special needs
    • Graham, S., & Harris, K. (1994a). Implications of constructivism for teaching writing to students with special needs. Journal of Special Education, 28, 275-289.
    • (1994) Journal of Special Education , vol.28 , pp. 275-289
    • Graham, S.1    Harris, K.2
  • 78
    • 0002109072 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive strategy instruction: Issues and guidelines in conducting research
    • S. Vaughn & C. Bos (Eds.), New York: Springer-Verlag
    • Graham, S., & Harris, K. (1994b). Cognitive strategy instruction: Issues and guidelines in conducting research. In S. Vaughn & C. Bos (Eds.), Research issues in learning disabilities: Theory, methodology, assessment, and ethics (pp. 47-64). New York: Springer-Verlag.
    • (1994) Research Issues in Learning Disabilities: Theory, Methodology, Assessment, and Ethics , pp. 47-64
    • Graham, S.1    Harris, K.2
  • 79
  • 82
    • 77950128616 scopus 로고
    • Writing and writing instruction with students with learning disabilities: A review of a program of research
    • Graham, S., Harris, K., MacArthur, C., & Schwartz, S. (1991). Writing and writing instruction with students with learning disabilities: A review of a program of research. Learning Disability Quarterly, 14, 89-114.
    • (1991) Learning Disability Quarterly , vol.14 , pp. 89-114
    • Graham, S.1    Harris, K.2    MacArthur, C.3    Schwartz, S.4
  • 83
    • 0002267833 scopus 로고
    • Handwriting research and practice: A unified approach. Focus
    • Graham, S., & Miller, L. (1980). Handwriting research and practice: A unified approach. Focus on Exceptional Children, 13, 1-16.
    • (1980) On Exceptional Children , vol.13 , pp. 1-16
    • Graham, S.1    Miller, L.2
  • 84
    • 0002267833 scopus 로고
    • Spelling research and practice: A unified approach
    • Graham, S., & Miller, L. (1979). Spelling research and practice: A unified approach. Focus on Exceptional Children, 12, 1-16.
    • (1979) Focus on Exceptional Children , vol.12 , pp. 1-16
    • Graham, S.1    Miller, L.2
  • 85
    • 84964187974 scopus 로고
    • Spelling instruction: Making modifications for students with learning disabilities
    • Graham, S., & Voth, V. (1990). Spelling instruction: Making modifications for students with learning disabilities. Academic Therapy, 25, 447-457.
    • (1990) Academic Therapy , vol.25 , pp. 447-457
    • Graham, S.1    Voth, V.2
  • 86
    • 21344468324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of handwriting research: Progress and prospects from 1980 to 1994
    • Graham, S., & Weintraub, N. (1996). A review of handwriting research: Progress and prospects from 1980 to 1994. Educational Psychology Review, 8, 7-87.
    • (1996) Educational Psychology Review , vol.8 , pp. 7-87
    • Graham, S.1    Weintraub, N.2
  • 87
    • 0031326123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of rime-based orthographic analogy training on word recognition skills of children with reading disability
    • Greaney, K., Tunmer, W., & Chapman, J. (1997). Effects of rime-based orthographic analogy training on word recognition skills of children with reading disability. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89, 645-651.
    • (1997) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.89 , pp. 645-651
    • Greaney, K.1    Tunmer, W.2    Chapman, J.3
  • 88
    • 0009204223 scopus 로고
    • Who are better writers - The left-handed or the right-handed?
    • Groff, P. (1964). Who are better writers - The left-handed or the right-handed? Elementary School Journal, 65, 92-96.
    • (1964) Elementary School Journal , vol.65 , pp. 92-96
    • Groff, P.1
  • 90
    • 0009122860 scopus 로고
    • Multilevel spelling instruction in third grade classrooms
    • K. Hinchman, D. Leu, & C. Kinzer. (Eds.), Chicago: National Reading Conference
    • Hall, D., Cunningham, P., & Cunningham, J. (1995). Multilevel spelling instruction in third grade classrooms. In K. Hinchman, D. Leu, & C. Kinzer. (Eds.), Perspectives on literacy research and practice (pp. 384-389). Chicago: National Reading Conference.
    • (1995) Perspectives on Literacy Research and Practice , pp. 384-389
    • Hall, D.1    Cunningham, P.2    Cunningham, J.3
  • 91
    • 0002996892 scopus 로고
    • Self-monitoring of attention as a treatment for a learning disabled boy's off-task behavior
    • Hallahan, D., Lloyd, J., Kosiewicz, M., Kauffman, J., & Graves, A. (1979). Self-monitoring of attention as a treatment for a learning disabled boy's off-task behavior. Learning Disability Quarterly, 8, 27-36.
    • (1979) Learning Disability Quarterly , vol.8 , pp. 27-36
    • Hallahan, D.1    Lloyd, J.2    Kosiewicz, M.3    Kauffman, J.4    Graves, A.5
  • 92
    • 0022963831 scopus 로고
    • Self-monitoring of attentional behavior vs. Self-monitoring of productivity: Effects on task behavior and academic response rate among learning disabled children
    • Harris, K. (1986). Self-monitoring of attentional behavior vs. self-monitoring of productivity: Effects on task behavior and academic response rate among learning disabled children. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 19, 417-423.
    • (1986) Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , vol.19 , pp. 417-423
    • Harris, K.1
  • 93
    • 0002814980 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive behavior modification: Application with exceptional students
    • Harris, K. (1982). Cognitive behavior modification: Application with exceptional students. Focus on Exceptional Children, 15, 1-16.
    • (1982) Focus on Exceptional Children , vol.15 , pp. 1-16
    • Harris, K.1
  • 94
    • 0023749309 scopus 로고
    • The effects of strategy training and study conditions on metamemory among LD students
    • Harris, K., Graham, S., & Freeman, S. (1988). The effects of strategy training and study conditions on metamemory among LD students. Exceptional Children, 54, 332-338.
    • (1988) Exceptional Children , vol.54 , pp. 332-338
    • Harris, K.1    Graham, S.2    Freeman, S.3
  • 96
    • 21344482626 scopus 로고
    • Self-monitoring of attention versus self-monitoring of performance: Replication and cross-task comparison studies
    • Harris, K., Graham, Reid, R., McElroy, K., & Hamby, R. (1994). Self-monitoring of attention versus self-monitoring of performance: Replication and cross-task comparison studies. Learning Disability Quarterly, 17, 121-139.
    • (1994) Learning Disability Quarterly , vol.17 , pp. 121-139
    • Harris, K.1    Graham, R.R.2    McElroy, K.3    Hamby, R.4
  • 98
  • 99
    • 0002830496 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of multi-sensory teaching with normal and retarded readers
    • R. Malathesa & H. Whitaker (Eds.), The Hague, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff
    • Hulme, C., & Bradley, L. (1984). An experimental study of multi-sensory teaching with normal and retarded readers. In R. Malathesa & H. Whitaker (Eds.), Dyslexia: A global issue (pp. 431-443). The Hague, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff.
    • (1984) Dyslexia: A Global Issue , pp. 431-443
    • Hulme, C.1    Bradley, L.2
  • 100
    • 0009264256 scopus 로고
    • Effects of recent prior experience on spelling
    • San Diego, CA
    • Jacoby, L. (1983). Effects of recent prior experience on spelling. Paper presented at the 24th meeting of the Psychonomic Society, San Diego, CA.
    • (1983) 24th Meeting of the Psychonomic Society
    • Jacoby, L.1
  • 101
    • 34547786014 scopus 로고
    • Learning to read and write: A longitudinal study of 54 children from first through fourth grade
    • Juel, C. (1988). Learning to read and write: A longitudinal study of 54 children from first through fourth grade. Journal of Educational Psychology, 80, 437-447.
    • (1988) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.80 , pp. 437-447
    • Juel, C.1
  • 103
    • 0000861655 scopus 로고
    • Language processing/word processing: Written expression, computers and learning disabled students
    • Kerchner, L., & Kistinger, B. (1984). Language processing/word processing: Written expression, computers and learning disabled students. Learning Disability Quarterly, 7, 329-335.
    • (1984) Learning Disability Quarterly , vol.7 , pp. 329-335
    • Kerchner, L.1    Kistinger, B.2
  • 104
    • 0001922362 scopus 로고
    • A whole language and traditional instruction comparison: Overall effectiveness and development of the alphabetic principle
    • Klesius, J., Griffith, P., & Zielonka, P. (1991). A whole language and traditional instruction comparison: Overall effectiveness and development of the alphabetic principle. Reading Research and Instruction, 30, 47-61.
    • (1991) Reading Research and Instruction , vol.30 , pp. 47-61
    • Klesius, J.1    Griffith, P.2    Zielonka, P.3
  • 105
    • 84979418165 scopus 로고
    • We acquire vocabulary and spelling by reading: Additional evidence for the input hypothesis
    • Krashen, S. (1989). We acquire vocabulary and spelling by reading: Additional evidence for the input hypothesis. Modern Language Journal, 73, 440-464.
    • (1989) Modern Language Journal , vol.73 , pp. 440-464
    • Krashen, S.1
  • 106
    • 0009195653 scopus 로고
    • Drawing and handwriting difficulties: Reasons for and remediation of dysfunction
    • J. Wann, A. Wing, & N. Sovik (Eds.), London: Academic Press
    • Laszlo, J., & Broderick, P. (1991). Drawing and handwriting difficulties: Reasons for and remediation of dysfunction. In J. Wann, A. Wing, & N. Sovik (Eds.), Development of graphic skills: Research, perspectives and educational implications (pp. 259-280). London: Academic Press.
    • (1991) Development of Graphic Skills: Research, Perspectives and Educational Implications , pp. 259-280
    • Laszlo, J.1    Broderick, P.2
  • 109
    • 4243814919 scopus 로고
    • Is 'inventive spelling' the best way?
    • Levy, B. (1995). Is 'inventive spelling' the best way? Washington Post, pp. E 16.
    • (1995) Washington Post
    • Levy, B.1
  • 111
    • 0031161520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of remedial programs for reading disabled children of different ages: Does the benefit decrease for older children?
    • Lovett, M., & Steinbach, K. (1997). The effectiveness of remedial programs for reading disabled children of different ages: Does the benefit decrease for older children? Learning Disability Quarterly, 20, 189-210.
    • (1997) Learning Disability Quarterly , vol.20 , pp. 189-210
    • Lovett, M.1    Steinbach, K.2
  • 112
    • 84936526871 scopus 로고
    • Effects of an extensive program for stimulating phonological awareness in preschool children
    • Lundberg, I., Frost, J., & Petersen, O. (1988). Effects of an extensive program for stimulating phonological awareness in preschool children. Reading Research Quarterly, 23, 263-250.
    • (1988) Reading Research Quarterly , vol.23 , pp. 263-1250
    • Lundberg, I.1    Frost, J.2    Petersen, O.3
  • 113
    • 0032220147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Word processing with speech synthesis and word prediction: Effects on the dialogue journal writing of students with learning disabilities
    • MacArthur, C. (1998). Word processing with speech synthesis and word prediction: Effects on the dialogue journal writing of students with learning disabilities. Learning Disability Quarterly, 21, 151-166.
    • (1998) Learning Disability Quarterly , vol.21 , pp. 151-166
    • MacArthur, C.1
  • 114
    • 0000838063 scopus 로고
    • Computer-assisted instruction with learning disabled students: Achievement, engagement, and other factors that influence achievement
    • MacArthur, C., Haynes, J., Malouf, D., Harris, K., & Owings, M. (1990). Computer-assisted instruction with learning disabled students: Achievement, engagement, and other factors that influence achievement. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 6, 311-328.
    • (1990) Journal of Educational Computing Research , vol.6 , pp. 311-328
    • MacArthur, C.1    Haynes, J.2    Malouf, D.3    Harris, K.4    Owings, M.5
  • 115
    • 84970671483 scopus 로고
    • Learning disabled students' composing with three methods: Handwriting, dictation, and word processing
    • MacArthur, C., & Graham, S. (1987). Learning disabled students' composing with three methods: Handwriting, dictation, and word processing. Journal of Special Education, 21, 22-42.
    • (1987) Journal of Special Education , vol.21 , pp. 22-42
    • MacArthur, C.1    Graham, S.2
  • 116
    • 0030304131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spelling checkers and students with learning disabilities: Performance comparisons and impact on spelling
    • MacArthur, C., Graham, S., Haynes, J., & De La Paz, S. (1996). Spelling checkers and students with learning disabilities: Performance comparisons and impact on spelling. Journal of Special Education, 30, 35-57.
    • (1996) Journal of Special Education , vol.30 , pp. 35-57
    • MacArthur, C.1    Graham, S.2    Haynes, J.3    De La Paz, S.4
  • 117
    • 21844492855 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a writing instruction model that integrated a process approach, strategy instruction, and word processing
    • MacArthur, C., Graham, S., Schwartz, S., & Schafer, W. (1995). Evaluation of a writing instruction model that integrated a process approach, strategy instruction, and word processing. Learning Disability Quarterly, 18, 278-291.
    • (1995) Learning Disability Quarterly , vol.18 , pp. 278-291
    • MacArthur, C.1    Graham, S.2    Schwartz, S.3    Schafer, W.4
  • 119
    • 0000985365 scopus 로고
    • Training and implementing requirements associated with the use of a classwide peer tutoring system
    • Maheady, L., Harper, G., Mallette, B., & Winstanley, N. (1991). Training and implementing requirements associated with the use of a classwide peer tutoring system. Education and Treatment of Children, 14, 177-198.
    • (1991) Education and Treatment of Children , vol.14 , pp. 177-198
    • Maheady, L.1    Harper, G.2    Mallette, B.3    Winstanley, N.4
  • 120
    • 84982337158 scopus 로고
    • Writing neatness, composition errors, and essay grades
    • Marshall, J., & Powers, J. (1969). Writing neatness, composition errors, and essay grades. Journal of Educational Measurement, 6, 97-101.
    • (1969) Journal of Educational Measurement , vol.6 , pp. 97-101
    • Marshall, J.1    Powers, J.2
  • 121
    • 21344470062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A capacity theory of writing: Working memory in composition
    • McCutchen, D. (1996). A capacity theory of writing: Working memory in composition. Educational Psychology Review, 8, 299-325.
    • (1996) Educational Psychology Review , vol.8 , pp. 299-325
    • McCutchen, D.1
  • 122
    • 84965656323 scopus 로고
    • Teaching and learning writing skills in a low-SES, urban primary classroom
    • McIntyre, E. (1995). Teaching and learning writing skills in a low-SES, urban primary classroom. Journal of Reading Behavior, 27, 213-242.
    • (1995) Journal of Reading Behavior , vol.27 , pp. 213-242
    • McIntyre, E.1
  • 123
    • 1842617599 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of individual and group contingencies on spelling performance with special education students
    • McLaughlin, T. (1983). A comparison of individual and group contingencies on spelling performance with special education students. Child Family & Therapy, 4, 1-10.
    • (1983) Child Family & Therapy , vol.4 , pp. 1-10
    • McLaughlin, T.1
  • 124
    • 0002686997 scopus 로고
    • Effects of self-determined and high performance standards on spelling performance. A multi-element baseline analysis
    • McLaughlin, T. (1982). Effects of self-determined and high performance standards on spelling performance. A multi-element baseline analysis. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 4, 55-61.
    • (1982) Child and Family Behavior Therapy , vol.4 , pp. 55-61
    • McLaughlin, T.1
  • 125
    • 0009200795 scopus 로고
    • The effects of individual and group contingencies on spelling performance for a special education class
    • McLaughlin, T., Herb, C., & Davis, C. (1980). The effects of individual and group contingencies on spelling performance for a special education class. B.C. Journal of Special Education, 4, 263-269.
    • (1980) B.C. Journal of Special Education , vol.4 , pp. 263-269
    • McLaughlin, T.1    Herb, C.2    Davis, C.3
  • 126
    • 0009126810 scopus 로고
    • An analysis and replication of the add-a-word spelling program with mildly handicapped middle school students
    • McLaughlin, T., Reiter, S., Mabee, S., & Byram, B. (1991). An analysis and replication of the add-a-word spelling program with mildly handicapped middle school students. Journal of Behavioral Education, 1, 413-426.
    • (1991) Journal of Behavioral Education , vol.1 , pp. 413-426
    • McLaughlin, T.1    Reiter, S.2    Mabee, S.3    Byram, B.4
  • 127
    • 21844511966 scopus 로고
    • Spelling instruction for students with learning disabilities: Implications for research and practice
    • McNaughton, D., Hughes, C., & Clark, K. (1994). Spelling instruction for students with learning disabilities: Implications for research and practice. Learning Disability Quarterly, 17, 169-186.
    • (1994) Learning Disability Quarterly , vol.17 , pp. 169-186
    • McNaughton, D.1    Hughes, C.2    Clark, K.3
  • 128
    • 0002025220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proofreading for students with learning disabilities: Integrating computer and strategy use
    • McNaughton, D., Hughes, C., & Ofiesh, N. (1997). Proofreading for students with learning disabilities: Integrating computer and strategy use. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 12, 16-28.
    • (1997) Learning Disabilities Research and Practice , vol.12 , pp. 16-28
    • McNaughton, D.1    Hughes, C.2    Ofiesh, N.3
  • 129
    • 84929067944 scopus 로고
    • The effects of italic handwriting on legibility: The methods and findings of a three-year study
    • Moilanen, C., & Lehman, C. (1989). The effects of italic handwriting on legibility: The methods and findings of a three-year study. Visible Language, 23, 327-352.
    • (1989) Visible Language , vol.23 , pp. 327-352
    • Moilanen, C.1    Lehman, C.2
  • 133
    • 44949286978 scopus 로고
    • The effects of the copy, cover, compare approach in increasing spelling accuracy with learning disabled students
    • Murphy, J., Hern, C., Williams, R., & McLaughlin, T. (1990). The effects of the copy, cover, compare approach in increasing spelling accuracy with learning disabled students. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 15, 378-386.
    • (1990) Contemporary Educational Psychology , vol.15 , pp. 378-386
    • Murphy, J.1    Hern, C.2    Williams, R.3    McLaughlin, T.4
  • 134
    • 0009200796 scopus 로고
    • The effects of tactile and kinaesthetic learning in improving spelling performance of a special education student
    • Murphy, J., & McLaughlin, T. (1990). The effects of tactile and kinaesthetic learning in improving spelling performance of a special education student. Reading Improvement, 27, 207-211.
    • (1990) Reading Improvement , vol.27 , pp. 207-211
    • Murphy, J.1    McLaughlin, T.2
  • 136
    • 0021448723 scopus 로고
    • Improving spelling performance by imitating a child's errors
    • Nulman, J., & Gerber, M. (1984). Improving spelling performance by imitating a child's errors. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 17, 328-333.
    • (1984) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.17 , pp. 328-333
    • Nulman, J.1    Gerber, M.2
  • 137
    • 0001310205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ladders to literacy: The effects of teacher-led phonological activities for kindergarten children with and without disabilities
    • O'Connor, R., Notari-Syverson, A., & Vadasy, P. (1996). Ladders to literacy: The effects of teacher-led phonological activities for kindergarten children with and without disabilities. Exceptional Children, 63, 117-130.
    • (1996) Exceptional Children , vol.63 , pp. 117-130
    • O'Connor, R.1    Notari-Syverson, A.2    Vadasy, P.3
  • 138
    • 0009199719 scopus 로고
    • Call me teacher
    • C. Smith (Moderator), Bloomington, IN: ERIC Clearinghouse on Reading, English, and Communication
    • Ohanian, S. (1994). "Call me teacher." In C. Smith (Moderator), Whole language: The debate (pp. 1-15). Bloomington, IN: ERIC Clearinghouse on Reading, English, and Communication.
    • (1994) Whole Language: The Debate , pp. 1-15
    • Ohanian, S.1
  • 139
    • 0009204225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of self-correction on the acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of the written spelling of elementary school children
    • Okyere, B., Heron, T., & Goddard, Y. (1997). Effects of self-correction on the acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of the written spelling of elementary school children. Journal of Behavioral Education, 7, 51-69.
    • (1997) Journal of Behavioral Education , vol.7 , pp. 51-69
    • Okyere, B.1    Heron, T.2    Goddard, Y.3
  • 140
    • 0019251917 scopus 로고
    • Increasing spelling achievement: An analysis of treatment procedures utilizing an alternating treatment design
    • Ollendick, T., Matson, J., Esveldt-Dawson, K., & Shapiro, E. (1980). Increasing spelling achievement: An analysis of treatment procedures utilizing an alternating treatment design. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 13, 645-654.
    • (1980) Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , vol.13 , pp. 645-654
    • Ollendick, T.1    Matson, J.2    Esveldt-Dawson, K.3    Shapiro, E.4
  • 141
    • 84928446606 scopus 로고
    • Learning to spell: Three studies at the university level
    • Ormrod, J. (1986). Learning to spell: Three studies at the university level. Research in the Teaching of English, 20, 160-173.
    • (1986) Research in the Teaching of English , vol.20 , pp. 160-173
    • Ormrod, J.1
  • 142
    • 0026846174 scopus 로고
    • Fostering literacy learning in supportive contexts
    • Palinscar, A., & Klenk, L. (1992). Fostering literacy learning in supportive contexts. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 25, 211-225.
    • (1992) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.25 , pp. 211-225
    • Palinscar, A.1    Klenk, L.2
  • 143
  • 144
    • 0001803524 scopus 로고
    • Using self-monitoring to improve on-task behavior and academic skills of an adolescent with mild handicaps across special and regular education settings
    • Prater, M., Hogan, S., & Miller, S. (1992). Using self-monitoring to improve on-task behavior and academic skills of an adolescent with mild handicaps across special and regular education settings. Education and Treatment of Children, 15, 43-55.
    • (1992) Education and Treatment of Children , vol.15 , pp. 43-55
    • Prater, M.1    Hogan, S.2    Miller, S.3
  • 145
    • 0009128636 scopus 로고
    • The effects of the add-a-word spelling program on spelling accuracy during creative writing
    • Pratt-Struthers, J., Struthers, T., & Williams, R. (1983). The effects of the add-a-word spelling program on spelling accuracy during creative writing. Education and Treatment of Children, 6, 277-283.
    • (1983) Education and Treatment of Children , vol.6 , pp. 277-283
    • Pratt-Struthers, J.1    Struthers, T.2    Williams, R.3
  • 146
    • 84933480516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A survey of the instructional practices of grade 5 teachers nominated as effective in promoting literacy
    • Pressley, M., Yokoi, L., Rankin, J., Wharton-McDonald, R., & Mistretta, J. (1997). A survey of the instructional practices of grade 5 teachers nominated as effective in promoting literacy. Scientific Study of Reading, 1, 148-159.
    • (1997) Scientific Study of Reading , vol.1 , pp. 148-159
    • Pressley, M.1    Yokoi, L.2    Rankin, J.3    Wharton-McDonald, R.4    Mistretta, J.5
  • 147
    • 84924708705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A survey of instructional practices of primary teachers nominated as effective in promoting literacy
    • in press
    • Pressley, M., Rankin, J., & Yokoi, L. (in press). A survey of instructional practices of primary teachers nominated as effective in promoting literacy. Elementary School Journal.
    • Elementary School Journal
    • Pressley, M.1    Rankin, J.2    Yokoi, L.3
  • 148
    • 84984119117 scopus 로고
    • The development of beliefs about spelling and their relationship to spelling performance
    • Rankin, J., Bruning, R., & Timme, V. (1994). The development of beliefs about spelling and their relationship to spelling performance. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 8, 213-232.
    • (1994) Applied Cognitive Psychology , vol.8 , pp. 213-232
    • Rankin, J.1    Bruning, R.2    Timme, V.3
  • 149
    • 21844513532 scopus 로고
    • Effects of speech synthesis on the proofreading efficiency of postsecondary students with learning disabilities
    • Raskind, M., & Higgins, E. (1995). Effects of speech synthesis on the proofreading efficiency of postsecondary students with learning disabilities. Learning Disability Quarterly, 18, 141-158.
    • (1995) Learning Disability Quarterly , vol.18 , pp. 141-158
    • Raskind, M.1    Higgins, E.2
  • 150
    • 0002641434 scopus 로고
    • Self-monitoring of attention versus self-monitoring of performance: Effects on attention and academic performance
    • Reid, R., & Harris, K. (1993). Self-monitoring of attention versus self-monitoring of performance: Effects on attention and academic performance. Exceptional Children, 60, 29-40.
    • (1993) Exceptional Children , vol.60 , pp. 29-40
    • Reid, R.1    Harris, K.2
  • 155
    • 0000517574 scopus 로고
    • Alternative uses of phonemic information in spelling
    • Simon, D., & Simon, H. (1973). Alternative uses of phonemic information in spelling, Review of Educational Research, 43, 115-137.
    • (1973) Review of Educational Research , vol.43 , pp. 115-137
    • Simon, D.1    Simon, H.2
  • 156
    • 0025973790 scopus 로고
    • Enhancing the spelling performance of learning disabled students: Task variation does not increase the efficacy of directed rehearsal
    • Singh. N., Farquhar, S., & Hewett, A. (1991). Enhancing the spelling performance of learning disabled students: Task variation does not increase the efficacy of directed rehearsal. Behavior Modification, 15, 271-282.
    • (1991) Behavior Modification , vol.15 , pp. 271-282
    • Singh, N.1    Farquhar, S.2    Hewett, A.3
  • 157
    • 0039118798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Written vocabulary of elementary school pupils, ages 6-14
    • Bloomington: Indiana University
    • Smith, C., & Ingersoll, G. Written vocabulary of elementary school pupils, ages 6-14 (Monographs in Teaching and Learning No. 6). Bloomington: Indiana University.
    • Monographs in Teaching and Learning , vol.6
    • Smith, C.1    Ingersoll, G.2
  • 158
    • 0026133446 scopus 로고
    • Teaching memorized spelling with a microcomputer: Time delay and computer-assisted instruction
    • Stevens, K., Blackhurst, E., & Slaton, D. (1991). Teaching memorized spelling with a microcomputer: Time delay and computer-assisted instruction. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 24, 153-160.
    • (1991) Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , vol.24 , pp. 153-160
    • Stevens, K.1    Blackhurst, E.2    Slaton, D.3
  • 159
    • 0002604674 scopus 로고
    • Effects of a constant time delay procedure on the written spelling performance of a learning disabled student
    • Stevens, K., & Schuster, J. (1987). Effects of a constant time delay procedure on the written spelling performance of a learning disabled student. Learning Disability Quarterly, 10, 9-16.
    • (1987) Learning Disability Quarterly , vol.10 , pp. 9-16
    • Stevens, K.1    Schuster, J.2
  • 160
    • 85050169951 scopus 로고
    • A peer editor strategy: Guiding learning disabled students in response and revision
    • Stoddard, B., & MacArthur, C. (1993). A peer editor strategy: Guiding learning disabled students in response and revision. Research in the Teaching of English, 27, 76-103.
    • (1993) Research in the Teaching of English , vol.27 , pp. 76-103
    • Stoddard, B.1    MacArthur, C.2
  • 161
    • 0009122866 scopus 로고
    • A comparative analysis of spelling techniques across different programs within special education classes
    • Milwaukee, WI
    • Struthers, J., Bartalamay, H., Bell, S., & McLaughlin, T. (1983). A comparative analysis of spelling techniques across different programs within special education classes. Paper presented at the Association for Behavior Analysis Convention, Milwaukee, WI.
    • (1983) Association for Behavior Analysis Convention
    • Struthers, J.1    Bartalamay, H.2    Bell, S.3    McLaughlin, T.4
  • 162
    • 84930558927 scopus 로고
    • Practice format, length of training, and spelling test performance of fifth and sixth graders
    • Thompson, M., & Block, K. (1990). Practice format, length of training, and spelling test performance of fifth and sixth graders. Elementary School Journal, 91, 77-86.
    • (1990) Elementary School Journal , vol.91 , pp. 77-86
    • Thompson, M.1    Block, K.2
  • 164
    • 84933481276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention and remediation of severe reading disabilities: Keeping the end in mind
    • Torgesen, J., Wagner, R., & Rahotte, C. (1997). Prevention and remediation of severe reading disabilities: Keeping the end in mind. Scientific Studies of Reading, 1, 217-234.
    • (1997) Scientific Studies of Reading , vol.1 , pp. 217-234
    • Torgesen, J.1    Wagner, R.2    Rahotte, C.3
  • 165
    • 0002972671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An educators's guide to phonological awareness: Assessment measures and intervention activities for children
    • Troia, G., Roth, F., & Graham, S. (1998). An educators's guide to phonological awareness: Assessment measures and intervention activities for children. Focus on Exceptional Children, 31, 1-12.
    • (1998) Focus on Exceptional Children , vol.31 , pp. 1-12
    • Troia, G.1    Roth, F.2    Graham, S.3
  • 166
    • 0000030314 scopus 로고
    • Use of microcomputers for spelling assessment: Reasons to be cautious
    • Varnhagen, S., & Gerber, M. (1984). Use of microcomputers for spelling assessment: Reasons to be cautious. Learning Disability Quarterly, 7, 266-270.
    • (1984) Learning Disability Quarterly , vol.7 , pp. 266-270
    • Varnhagen, S.1    Gerber, M.2
  • 167
    • 0027566806 scopus 로고
    • Which motoric condition is most effective for teaching spelling to students with and without learning disabilities?
    • Vaughn, S., Schumm, J.S., & Gordon, J. (1993). Which motoric condition is most effective for teaching spelling to students with and without learning disabilities? Journal of Learning Disabilities, 26, 191-198.
    • (1993) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.26 , pp. 191-198
    • Vaughn, S.1    Schumm, J.S.2    Gordon, J.3
  • 168
    • 0001428779 scopus 로고
    • Early spelling acquisition: Does writing really beat the computer?
    • Vaughn, S., Schumm, J.S., & Gordon, J. (1992). Early spelling acquisition: Does writing really beat the computer? Learning Disability Quarterly, 15, 223-228.
    • (1992) Learning Disability Quarterly , vol.15 , pp. 223-228
    • Vaughn, S.1    Schumm, J.S.2    Gordon, J.3
  • 169
    • 0001013964 scopus 로고
    • Spelling textbooks: A critical review
    • Wilde, S. (1990a). Spelling textbooks: A critical review. Linguistics and Education, 2, 259-280.
    • (1990) Linguistics and Education , vol.2 , pp. 259-280
    • Wilde, S.1
  • 170
    • 84929062894 scopus 로고
    • A computer-based program of word study: Effects on reading and spelling
    • Weber, W., & Henderson, E. (1989). A computer-based program of word study: Effects on reading and spelling. Reading Psychology, 10, 157-171.
    • (1989) Reading Psychology , vol.10 , pp. 157-171
    • Weber, W.1    Henderson, E.2
  • 171
    • 0000457480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Writing legibly and quickly: A study of children's ability to adjust their handwriting to meet common classroom demands
    • Weintraub, N., & Graham, S. (1998). Writing legibly and quickly: A study of children's ability to adjust their handwriting to meet common classroom demands. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 13, 146-152.
    • (1998) Learning Disabilities Research and Practice , vol.13 , pp. 146-152
    • Weintraub, N.1    Graham, S.2
  • 172
    • 0009127122 scopus 로고
    • How poor readers and spellers use interactive speech in a computerized spelling program
    • Wise, B., & Olson, R. (1992). How poor readers and spellers use interactive speech in a computerized spelling program. Reading and Writing: An Interdiciplinary Journal, 4, 145-163.
    • (1992) Reading and Writing: An Interdiciplinary Journal , vol.4 , pp. 145-163
    • Wise, B.1    Olson, R.2
  • 173
    • 0031285853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phonological awareness with and without articulation: A preliminary study
    • Wise, B., Ring, J., Sessions, L., & Olson, R. (1997). Phonological awareness with and without articulation: A preliminary study. Learning Disability Quarterly, 20, 211-225.
    • (1997) Learning Disability Quarterly , vol.20 , pp. 211-225
    • Wise, B.1    Ring, J.2    Sessions, L.3    Olson, R.4
  • 174
    • 84973839904 scopus 로고
    • A cognitive approach to teaching spelling
    • Wong, B.Y.L. (1986). A cognitive approach to teaching spelling. Exceptional Children, 53, 169-173.
    • (1986) Exceptional Children , vol.53 , pp. 169-173
    • Wong, B.Y.L.1
  • 175
    • 0001763886 scopus 로고
    • The effects of process writing instruction on three second-grade students with different achievement profiles
    • Zaragoza, N., & Vaughn, S. (1992). The effects of process writing instruction on three second-grade students with different achievement profiles. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 7, 184-193.
    • (1992) Learning Disabilities Research and Practice , vol.7 , pp. 184-193
    • Zaragoza, N.1    Vaughn, S.2
  • 176
    • 0001318829 scopus 로고
    • Effects of pencil grip on handwriting speed and legibility
    • Ziviani, J., & Elkins, J. (1986). Effects of pencil grip on handwriting speed and legibility. Educational Review, 38, 247-257.
    • (1986) Educational Review , vol.38 , pp. 247-257
    • Ziviani, J.1    Elkins, J.2
  • 177
    • 0012120033 scopus 로고
    • Directed spelling thinking activity: A developmental, conceptual approach to advance spelling word knowledge
    • First International Conference and 19th Conference of the Australian Reading Association, Melbourne, Australia
    • Zutell, J. (1993). Directed spelling thinking activity: A developmental, conceptual approach to advance spelling word knowledge. In Conference papers: Literacy for the new millenium. First International Conference and 19th Conference of the Australian Reading Association, Melbourne, Australia.
    • (1993) Conference Papers: Literacy for the New Millenium
    • Zutell, J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.