Identification of a receptor-binding region within domain 4 of the protective antigen component of anthrax toxin

Infection and Immunity

Volumn 67, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 1860-1865

  Varughese, Mini ^a   Teixeira, Avelino V ^a,b   Liu, Shihui ^a   Leppla, Stephen H ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DENTAL AND CRANIOFACIAL RESEARCH   (United States)

^b MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTHRAX TOXIN; CELL SURFACE RECEPTOR;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTION; ANTIBODY COMBINING SITE; ANTIGEN BINDING; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; RECEPTOR AFFINITY;

EID: 0033064418     PISSN: 00199567     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/.67.4.1860-1865.1999     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Aullo, P., J. Alcami, M. R. Popoff, D. R. Klatzmann, J. R. Murphy, and P. Boquet. 1992. A recombinant diphtheria toxin related human CD4 fusion protein specifically kills HIV infected cells which express gp120 but selects fusion toxin resistant cells which carry HIV. EMBO J. 11:575-583.
2. Batra, J. K., D. J. FitzGerald, V. K. Chaudhary, and I. Pastan. 1991. Single-chain immunotoxins directed at the human transferrin receptor containing Pseudomonas exotoxin A or diphtheria toxin: anti-TFR(Fv)-PE40 and DT388-anti-TFR(Fv). Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:2200-2205.
3. Cormack, B. P., and K. Struhl. 1993. Regional codon randomization: defining a TATA-binding protein surface required for RNA polymerase III transcription. Science 262:244-248.
4. Duesbery, N. S., C. P. Webb, S. H. Leppla, V. M. Gordon, K. R. Klimpel, T. D. Copeland, N. G. Ahn, M. K. Oskarsson, K. Fukasawa, K. D. Paull, and G. F. Vande Woude. 1998. Proteolytic inactivation of MAP-kinase-kinase by anthrax lethal factor. Science 280:734-737.
5. Eckert, K. A., and T. A. Kunkel. 1991. DNA polymerase fidelity and the polymerase chain reaction. PCR Methods Appl. 1:17-24.
6. Escuyer, V., and R. J. Collier. 1991. Anthrax protective antigen interacts with a specific receptor on the surface of CHO-K1 cells. Infect. Immun. 59:3381-3386.
7. Finberg, R. W., S. M. Wahl, J. B. Allen, G. Soman, T. B. Strom, J. R. Murphy, and J. C. Nichols. 1991. Selective elimination of HIV-1-infected cells with an interleukin-2 receptor-specific cytotoxin. Science 252:1703-1705.
8. Friedlander, A. M. 1986. Macrophages are sensitive to anthrax lethal toxin through an acid-dependent process. J. Biol. Chem. 261:7123-7126.
9. Goletz, T. J., K. K. Klimpel, N. Arora, S. H. Leppla, J. M. Keith, and J. A. Berzofsky. 1997. Targeting HIV proteins to the major histocompatibility complex class I processing pathway with a novel gp120-anthrax toxin fusion protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:12059-12064.
10. Gordon, V. M., S. H. Leppla, and E. L. Hewlett. 1988. Inhibitors of receptor-mediated endocytosis block the entry of Bacillus anthracis adenylate cyclase toxin but not that of Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin. Infect. Immun. 56:1066-1069.
11. Hanna, P. C., S. Kouchi, and R. J. Collier. 1992. Biochemical and physiological changes induced by anthrax lethal toxin in J774 macrophage-like cells. Mol. Biol. Cell 3:1269-1277.
12. Ittelson, T. R., and D. M. Gill. 1973. Diphtheria toxin: specific competition for cell receptors. Nature 242:330-332.
13. Klimpel, K. R., N. Arora, and S. H. Leppla. 1994. Anthrax toxin lethal factor contains a zinc metalloprotease consensus sequence which is required for lethal toxin activity. Mol. Microbiol. 13:1093-1100.
14. Klimpel, K. R., S. S. Molloy, G. Thomas, and S. H. Leppla. 1992. Anthrax toxin protective antigen is activated by a cell-surface protease with the sequence specificity and catalytic properties of furin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:10277-10281.
15. Leppla, S. H. 1991. The anthrax toxin complex, p. 277-302. In J. E. Alouf and J. H. Freer (ed.), Sourcebook of bacterial protein toxins. Academic Press, London, England.
16. Leppla, S. H. 1995. Anthrax toxins, p. 543-572. In J. Moss, B. Iglewski, M. Vaughan, and A. Tu (ed.), Handbook of natural toxins, vol. 8. Bacterial toxins and virulence factors in disease. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N. Y.
17. Little, S. F., S. H. Leppla, and E. Cora. 1988. Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the protective antigen component of Bacillus anthracis toxin. Infect. Immun. 56:1807-1813.
18. Little, S. F., J. M. Novak, J. R. Lowe, S. H. Leppla, Y. Singh, K. R. Klimpel, B. C. Lidgerding, and A. M. Friedlander. 1996. Characterization of lethal factor binding and cell receptor binding domains of protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis using monoclonal antibodies. Microbiology 142:707-715.
19. Madshus, I. H., H. Stenmark, K. Sandvig, and S. Olsnes. 1991. Entry of diphtheria toxin-protein A chimeras into cells. J. Biol. Chem. 266:17446-17453.
20. Mancini, G., A. O. Carbonara, and J. F. Heremans. 1965. Immunochemical quantitation of antigens by single radial immunodiffusion. Immunochemistry 2:235-254.
21. Milne, J. C., D. Furlong, P. C. Hanna, J. S. Wall, and R. J. Collier. 1994. Anthrax protective antigen forms oligomers during intoxication of mammalian cells. J. Biol. Chem. 269:20607-20612.
22. Noskov, A. N., T. B. Kravchenko, and V. P. Noskova. 1996. Detection of the functionally active domains in the molecule of protective antigen of the anthrax exotoxin. Mol. Gen. Mikrobiol. Virusol. 1996:16-20. (In Russian.)
23. Perelle, S., M. Gibert, P. Boquet, and M. R. Popoff. 1993. Characterization of Clostridium perfringens iota-toxin genes and expression in Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun. 61:5147-5156.
24. Petosa, C., R. J. Collier, K. R. Klimpel, S. H. Leppla, and R. C. Liddington. 1997. Crystal structure of the anthrax toxin protective antigen. Nature 385: 833-838.
25. Quinn, C. P., and B. N. Dancer. 1990. Transformation of vegetative cells of Bacillus anthracis with plasmid DNA. J. Gen. Microbiol. 136:1211-1215.
26. Quinn, C. P., Y. Singh, K. R. Klimpel, and S. H. Leppla. 1991. Functional mapping of anthrax toxin lethal factor by in-frame insertion mutagenesis. J. Biol. Chem. 266:20124-20130.
27. Rost, B. PredictProtein. http://www.embl-heidelberg.de/Services/sander/predictprotein. [Online.] [29 January 1999, last date accessed.]
28. Singh, Y., V. K. Chaudhary, and S. H. Leppla. 1989. A deleted variant of Bacillus anthracis protective antigen is non-toxic and blocks anthrax toxin action in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 264:19103-19107.
29. Singh, Y., K. R. Klimpel, N. Arora, M. Sharma, and S. H. Leppla. 1994. the chymotrypsin-sensitive site, FFD315, in anthrax toxin protective antigen is required for translocation of lethal factor. J. Biol. Chem. 269:29039-29046.
30. Singh, Y., K. R. Klimpel, C. P. Quinn, V. K. Chaudhary, and S. H. Leppla. 1991. The carboxyl-terminal end of protective antigen is required for receptor binding and anthrax toxin activity. J. Biol. Chem. 266:15493-15497.
31. Smedley, D. P., and D. J. Ellar. 1996. Mutagenesis of three surface-exposed loops of a Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal toxin reveals residues important for toxicity, receptor recognition and possibly membrane insertion. Microbiology 142:1617-1624.
32. Stanley, J. L., and H. Smith. 1961. Purification of factor I and recognition of a third factor of anthrax toxin. J. Gen. Microbiol. 26:49-66.
33. Theuer, C. P., D. FitzGerald, and I. Pastan. 1992. A recombinant form of Pseudomonas exotoxin directed at the epidermal growth factor receptor that is cytotoxic without requiring proteolytic processing. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 16872-16877.
34. Varughese, M., A. Chi, A. V. Teixeira, P. J. Nicholls, J. M. Keith, and S. H. Leppla. 1998. Internalization of a Bacillus anthracis protective antigen c-Myc fusion protein mediated by cell surface anti-c-Myc antibodies. Mol. Med. 4: 87-95.
35. Vitale, G., R. Pellizzari, C. Recchi, G. Napolitani, M. Mock, and C. Montecucco. 1998. Anthrax lethal factor cleaves the N-terminus of MAPKKs and induces tyrosine/threonine phosphorylation of MAPKs in cultured macrophages. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 248:706-711.
36. Warren, G. W., M. G. Koziel, M. A. Mullins, G. J. Nye, B. Carr, N. Desai, K. Kostischka, N. B. Duck, and J. J. Estruth. 1996. Novel pesticidal proteins and strains. Patent application WO 96/10083 (1996). World Intellectual Patent Organization.
37. Welkos, S. L., J. R. Lowe, F. Eden-McCutchan, M. Vodkin, S. H. Leppla, and J. J. Schmidt. 1988. Sequence and analysis of the DNA encoding protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis. Gene 69:287-300.