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Suppression of NMDA receptor function using antisense DNA blocks ocular dominance plasticity while preserving visual responses
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2+ influx) is critical for developmental plasticity. This activity is not just permissive, because visual cortical response appears 'normal' even though plasticity is impaired.
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Shows that even very early stages in thalamocortical development, such as axon pathfinding, may be activity dependent. This finding is entirely consistent with a permissive role for activity, but the results are surprising because they show that even the selection of appropriate cortical targets, in this case visual cortex versus auditory cortex, may rely on an activity-dependent mechanism. Previously, these early stages of axon pathfinding were thought to be activity independent.
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Catalano SM, Shatz CJ Activity-dependent cortical target selection by thalamic axons. Science. 281:1998;559-562. Shows that even very early stages in thalamocortical development, such as axon pathfinding, may be activity dependent. This finding is entirely consistent with a permissive role for activity, but the results are surprising because they show that even the selection of appropriate cortical targets, in this case visual cortex versus auditory cortex, may rely on an activity-dependent mechanism. Previously, these early stages of axon pathfinding were thought to be activity independent.
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Note
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Dantzker JL, Callaway EM The development of local, layer-specific visual cortical axons in the absence of extrinsic influences and intrinsic activity. J Neurosci. 18:1998;4145-4154. Spontaneous activity helps pattern intracortical connections, specifically layer 6 to layer 4 neurons. The experiments were performed on organotypic slice cultures from young ferret primary visual cortex, taken before they have formed substantial intracortical connections. The authors studied the pattern of local axonal connections of layer 6 neurons (axon collaterals) to layer 4 after culturing these cortical slices in vitro. In the presence of TTX (and therefore in the absence of spontaneous activity), layer 6 neurons are equally likely to arborize in layer 5 or layer 4. In vivo, or in slices cultured without TTX, layer 6 neurons preferentially arborize in layer 4. These findings suggest that the correct patterning of intracortical connections, at least of layer 6 pyramidal cells, requires spontaneous neural activity, but does not rely on sensory experience. No attempt was made to alter the pattern of spontaneous activity, so no conclusions can be drawn about the instructive verses permissive role of neural activity in this model.
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Callaway, E.M.2
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Postnatal blockade of cortical activity by tetrodotoxin does not disrupt the formation of vibrissa-related patterns in the rat's somatosensory cortex
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Reports the results of NMDAR1 knockout mice that have been 'rescued' by the ectopic expression of an NMDAR1 transgene. Mice that have a low level of expression of this transgene are similar to total knockouts, without barrels, but live longer (about 3 weeks). Mice that have a high expression level of the NMDAR1 transgene live to adulthood and have normal barrels. This strongly suggests that activity acting through the NMDA receptor is at least permissive for the development of the full 'barrel-type' somatotopic map.
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Iwasato T, Erzurumlu RS, Huerta PT, Chen DF, Sasaoka T, Ulupinar E, Tonegawa S NMDA receptor-dependent refinement of somatotopic maps. Neuron. 19:1997;1201-1210. Reports the results of NMDAR1 knockout mice that have been 'rescued' by the ectopic expression of an NMDAR1 transgene. Mice that have a low level of expression of this transgene are similar to total knockouts, without barrels, but live longer (about 3 weeks). Mice that have a high expression level of the NMDAR1 transgene live to adulthood and have normal barrels. This strongly suggests that activity acting through the NMDA receptor is at least permissive for the development of the full 'barrel-type' somatotopic map.
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Neuron
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Iwasato, T.1
Erzurumlu, R.S.2
Huerta, P.T.3
Chen, D.F.4
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Tonegawa, S.7
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