메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 281, Issue 5376, 1998, Pages 559-562

Activity-dependent cortical target selection by thalamic axons

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

TETRODOTOXIN;

EID: 0032563243     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.281.5376.559     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (217)

References (40)
  • 1
    • 0027523669 scopus 로고
    • C. S. Goodman and C. J. Shatz, Neuron 10, 77 (1993); C. J. Shatz and D. D. M. O'Leary, Arch. Ophthalmol. 111, 472 (1993); L. C. Katz and C. J. Shatz, Science 274, 1133 (1996).
    • (1993) Neuron , vol.10 , pp. 77
    • Goodman, C.S.1    Shatz, C.J.2
  • 2
    • 0027534864 scopus 로고
    • C. S. Goodman and C. J. Shatz, Neuron 10, 77 (1993); C. J. Shatz and D. D. M. O'Leary, Arch. Ophthalmol. 111, 472 (1993); L. C. Katz and C. J. Shatz, Science 274, 1133 (1996).
    • (1993) Arch. Ophthalmol. , vol.111 , pp. 472
    • Shatz, C.J.1    O'Leary, D.D.M.2
  • 3
    • 0029963657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C. S. Goodman and C. J. Shatz, Neuron 10, 77 (1993); C. J. Shatz and D. D. M. O'Leary, Arch. Ophthalmol. 111, 472 (1993); L. C. Katz and C. J. Shatz, Science 274, 1133 (1996).
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 1133
    • Katz, L.C.1    Shatz, C.J.2
  • 4
    • 0028294425 scopus 로고
    • K. L. Allendoerfer and C. J. Shatz, Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 17, 185 (1994); N. Konig, G. Roch, R. Marty, Anat. Embryol. 148, 73 (1975); D. Kristt, ibid. 157, 217 (1979); I. Kostovic and P. Rakic, J. Neurocytol. 9, 219 (1980); F. Valverde, M. Facal-Valverde, M. Santacana, M. Heredia, J. Comp. Neurol. 290, 118 (1989).
    • (1994) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.17 , pp. 185
    • Allendoerfer, K.L.1    Shatz, C.J.2
  • 5
    • 0016774695 scopus 로고
    • K. L. Allendoerfer and C. J. Shatz, Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 17, 185 (1994); N. Konig, G. Roch, R. Marty, Anat. Embryol. 148, 73 (1975); D. Kristt, ibid. 157, 217 (1979); I. Kostovic and P. Rakic, J. Neurocytol. 9, 219 (1980); F. Valverde, M. Facal-Valverde, M. Santacana, M. Heredia, J. Comp. Neurol. 290, 118 (1989).
    • (1975) Anat. Embryol. , vol.148 , pp. 73
    • Konig, N.1    Roch, G.2    Marty, R.3
  • 6
    • 0018575922 scopus 로고
    • K. L. Allendoerfer and C. J. Shatz, Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 17, 185 (1994); N. Konig, G. Roch, R. Marty, Anat. Embryol. 148, 73 (1975); D. Kristt, ibid. 157, 217 (1979); I. Kostovic and P. Rakic, J. Neurocytol. 9, 219 (1980); F. Valverde, M. Facal-Valverde, M. Santacana, M. Heredia, J. Comp. Neurol. 290, 118 (1989).
    • (1979) Anat. Embryol. , vol.157 , pp. 217
    • Kristt, D.1
  • 7
    • 0018849383 scopus 로고
    • K. L. Allendoerfer and C. J. Shatz, Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 17, 185 (1994); N. Konig, G. Roch, R. Marty, Anat. Embryol. 148, 73 (1975); D. Kristt, ibid. 157, 217 (1979); I. Kostovic and P. Rakic, J. Neurocytol. 9, 219 (1980); F. Valverde, M. Facal-Valverde, M. Santacana, M. Heredia, J. Comp. Neurol. 290, 118 (1989).
    • (1980) J. Neurocytol. , vol.9 , pp. 219
    • Kostovic, I.1    Rakic, P.2
  • 8
    • 0024408279 scopus 로고
    • K. L. Allendoerfer and C. J. Shatz, Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 17, 185 (1994); N. Konig, G. Roch, R. Marty, Anat. Embryol. 148, 73 (1975); D. Kristt, ibid. 157, 217 (1979); I. Kostovic and P. Rakic, J. Neurocytol. 9, 219 (1980); F. Valverde, M. Facal-Valverde, M. Santacana, M. Heredia, J. Comp. Neurol. 290, 118 (1989).
    • (1989) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.290 , pp. 118
    • Valverde, F.1    Facal-Valverde, M.2    Santacana, M.3    Heredia, M.4
  • 12
    • 0026316051 scopus 로고
    • E. Friauf and C. J. Shatz, J. Neurophysiol. 66, 2059 (1991); R. Wong, M. Meister, C. J. Shatz, Neuron 11, 923 (1993); R. Mooney, A. Penn, R. Gallego, C. J. Shatz, ibid. 17, 863 (1996).
    • (1991) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.66 , pp. 2059
    • Friauf, E.1    Shatz, C.J.2
  • 13
    • 0027440008 scopus 로고
    • E. Friauf and C. J. Shatz, J. Neurophysiol. 66, 2059 (1991); R. Wong, M. Meister, C. J. Shatz, Neuron 11, 923 (1993); R. Mooney, A. Penn, R. Gallego, C. J. Shatz, ibid. 17, 863 (1996).
    • (1993) Neuron , vol.11 , pp. 923
    • Wong, R.1    Meister, M.2    Shatz, C.J.3
  • 14
    • 0030292907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E. Friauf and C. J. Shatz, J. Neurophysiol. 66, 2059 (1991); R. Wong, M. Meister, C. J. Shatz, Neuron 11, 923 (1993); R. Mooney, A. Penn, R. Gallego, C. J. Shatz, ibid. 17, 863 (1996).
    • (1996) Neuron , vol.17 , pp. 863
    • Mooney, R.1    Penn, A.2    Gallego, R.3    Shatz, C.J.4
  • 15
    • 2642658449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • All animal care was in accordance with institutional guidelines. A total of 25 fetuses (E56, n = 22; E42, n = 3) were studied from pregnant cats in our breeding colony of known gestational age. Anesthesia, sterile surgical techniques, and minipump implantations were according to (22). After infusion of either 300 μM TTX or vehicle (300 μM sodium citrate buffer) between E42 and E56, the fetuses were delivered by cesarean section and were transcardially perfused (3). Fetuses are always studied as littermate pairs (TTX-treated compared with vehicle-treated) because TTX diffuses throughout the entire forebrain and midbrain bilaterally (9), and therefore it is not possible to compare hemispheres in the same animal.
  • 16
    • 2642635920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Crystals of Dil (D-282, Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) were placed into either the subplate or cortical plate of visual cortex to label LGN neurons that project there or into the LGN itself to visualize the axonal projection from LGN to cortex. In the same animals, crystals of DiD (D-7757, Molecular Probes) were also placed into the region of auditory cortex to label LGN axons that might extend collaterals into this region on their way back to visual cortex. After 3 months for dye diffusion, brains were sectioned horizontally on a vibratome at 100 μm, and retrogradely labeled LGN neurons were counted. Because the number of retrogradely labeled neurons is directly proportional to the size of the dye injection site, great care was taken to make similar dye injection sizes for each TTX-and vehicle-treated littermate pair (n = 11 matched littermate pairs studied). The variations in total neuron number seen in Fig. 1, C and D, reflect differing size injections, and therefore comparisons can only made between matched littermate pairs.
  • 17
    • 2642598114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Infusion of vehicle did not have an apparent effect on the magnitude of the LGN projection to visual cortex; the number of retrogradely labeled LGN neurons was within 10% (± 2% SEM, n = 3 unmanipulated and 3 vehicle-treated; P < 0.005) of untreated littermate controls matched for similar injection sizes.
  • 18
    • 0028240938 scopus 로고
    • Previous studies have demonstrated that intracranial minipump infusions of TTX produce concentrations that are sufficient to block sodium-dependent action potentials bilaterally throughout the entire forebrain and midbrain at E42 to E56 (22) and result in the failure of retinal ganglion axons to segregate into eye-specific layers in the LGN (17, 23). However, many other aspects of development proceed normally: Cell migration and cell division within the cortex are unimpaired, the brain grows to normal size during the treatment period and its gross histological organization is indistinguishable from normal (23), and the somatic and dendritic development of retinal ganglion cells and LGN neurons is normal [(22); M. Dalva, A. Ghosh, C. J. Shatz, J. Neurosci. 14, 3588 (1994)]. Moreover, the development of cortical pyramidal cell dendrites, radial glial cells, and the overall appearance and thickness of the cortical plate is indistinguishable from normal (12).
    • (1994) J. Neurosci. , vol.14 , pp. 3588
    • Dalva, M.1    Ghosh, A.2    Shatz, C.J.3
  • 19
    • 0027510443 scopus 로고
    • TTX infusions were begun at E42, after large numbers of MGN axons had already invaded the auditory cortical plate [A. Ghosh and C. J. Shatz, Development 117, 1031 (1993)].
    • (1993) Development , vol.117 , pp. 1031
    • Ghosh, A.1    Shatz, C.J.2
  • 22
    • 2642591031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 3) in identical cortical locations were analyzed for topographic precision (n = 4 pairs) (Fig. 3). The location of individual labeled LGN neurons with respect to the borders of the LGN was marked on digitized images of sections. The mediolateral distribution of marked neurons within a single section was plotted in 100-μm bin widths (NIH Image version 1.61). This procedure was repeated for every LGN section. The distributions for all sections were added together, and the peak num-ber of retrogradely labeled neurons was determined. Finally, the percentage of total mediolateral width of LGN covered by labeled neurons at half-peak was derived and plotted in Fig. 3B.
  • 23
    • 2642661561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The peak in the number of retrogradely labeled neurons was located near the center of LGN in vehicle-treated animals (within 250 to 300 μm of the center of LGN), consistent with dye placements within the corresponding locations in visual cortex. However, in TTX-treated animals, the peak was located further medially in two cases and further laterally in one case (550 to 350 μm away from the center) than in vehicle-treated control littermates, even though the Dil injections were similarly placed in cortex, suggesting that there is more variability in the overall topography of the geniculocortical projection after TTX treatment.
  • 24
    • 0025123945 scopus 로고
    • J. T. Schmidt and M. Buzzard, J. Neurobiol. 21, 900 (1990); U. Drescher et al., Cell 82, 359 (1995); M. Nakamoto et al., ibid. 86, 755 (1996).
    • (1990) J. Neurobiol. , vol.21 , pp. 900
    • Schmidt, J.T.1    Buzzard, M.2
  • 25
    • 0029082312 scopus 로고
    • J. T. Schmidt and M. Buzzard, J. Neurobiol. 21, 900 (1990); U. Drescher et al., Cell 82, 359 (1995); M. Nakamoto et al., ibid. 86, 755 (1996).
    • (1995) Cell , vol.82 , pp. 359
    • Drescher, U.1
  • 26
    • 0030572695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • J. T. Schmidt and M. Buzzard, J. Neurobiol. 21, 900 (1990); U. Drescher et al., Cell 82, 359 (1995); M. Nakamoto et al., ibid. 86, 755 (1996).
    • (1996) Cell , vol.86 , pp. 755
    • Nakamoto, M.1
  • 27
    • 2642662573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The normal increase between E42 and E56 in the number of LGN neurons projecting to visual cortex, as determined by retrograde labeling with Dil injections, is about 30-fold (n = 3 untreated animals at E42 and 3 vehicle-treated animals at E56).
  • 30
    • 0026012986 scopus 로고
    • D. K. Simon, C. T. Prusky, D. D. M. O'leary, M. Constantine-Paton, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89, 10593 (1992); H. Cline, Trends Neurosci. 14, 104 (1991); M. D. Olson and R. L. Meyer J. Neurosci. 14, 208 (1994).
    • (1991) Trends Neurosci. , vol.14 , pp. 104
    • Cline, H.1
  • 31
    • 0028009227 scopus 로고
    • D. K. Simon, C. T. Prusky, D. D. M. O'leary, M. Constantine-Paton, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89, 10593 (1992); H. Cline, Trends Neurosci. 14, 104 (1991); M. D. Olson and R. L. Meyer J. Neurosci. 14, 208 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Neurosci. , vol.14 , pp. 208
    • Olson, M.D.1    Meyer, R.L.2
  • 32
    • 2642668541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • It is conceivable that TTX somehow disrupts cortical differentiation, which in turn affects LGN axon targeting and ingrowth. Although this disruption is possible, we note that many aspects of cortical development can proceed normally after similar TTX treatments; see (9).
  • 34
    • 0025122930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A. Ghosh, A. Antonini, S. K. McConnell, C. J. Shatz, Nature 347, 179 (1990); Z. Molnar and C. Blakemore, ibid. 351, 475 (1991); J. A. De Carlos and D. D. M. O'Leary, J. Neurosci. 12, 1194 (1992); J. Bolz, N. Novak, V. Staiger, ibid., p. 3054.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.347 , pp. 179
    • Ghosh, A.1    Antonini, A.2    McConnell, S.K.3    Shatz, C.J.4
  • 35
    • 0026418209 scopus 로고
    • A. Ghosh, A. Antonini, S. K. McConnell, C. J. Shatz, Nature 347, 179 (1990); Z. Molnar and C. Blakemore, ibid. 351, 475 (1991); J. A. De Carlos and D. D. M. O'Leary, J. Neurosci. 12, 1194 (1992); J. Bolz, N. Novak, V. Staiger, ibid., p. 3054.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.351 , pp. 475
    • Molnar, Z.1    Blakemore, C.2
  • 36
    • 0026534071 scopus 로고
    • A. Ghosh, A. Antonini, S. K. McConnell, C. J. Shatz, Nature 347, 179 (1990); Z. Molnar and C. Blakemore, ibid. 351, 475 (1991); J. A. De Carlos and D. D. M. O'Leary, J. Neurosci. 12, 1194 (1992); J. Bolz, N. Novak, V. Staiger, ibid., p. 3054.
    • (1992) J. Neurosci. , vol.12 , pp. 1194
    • De Carlos, J.A.1    O'Leary, D.D.M.2
  • 37
    • 0025122930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A. Ghosh, A. Antonini, S. K. McConnell, C. J. Shatz, Nature 347, 179 (1990); Z. Molnar and C. Blakemore, ibid. 351, 475 (1991); J. A. De Carlos and D. D. M. O'Leary, J. Neurosci. 12, 1194 (1992); J. Bolz, N. Novak, V. Staiger, ibid., p. 3054.
    • J. Neurosci. , pp. 3054
    • Bolz, J.1    Novak, N.2    Staiger, V.3
  • 40
    • 2642695814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • We thank A. Raymond and D. Escontrias for help with the fetal surgeries. Supported by NIH grant EY02838 (C.J.S.) and National Research Service Award EY06491 (S.M.C.). S.M.C. is an Associate and C.J.S. is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.