Validation of binary typing for Staphylococcus aureus strains

Journal of Clinical Microbiology

Volumn 37, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 664-674

  Van Leeuwen, Willem ^a   Verbrugh, Henri ^a   Van Der Velden, Jos ^a   Van Leeuwen, Nan ^b   Heck, Max ^b   Van Belkum, Alex ^a  

^a ERASMUS MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GENETICS; BACTERIUM IDENTIFICATION; DNA DETERMINATION; DNA PROBE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PULSED FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; REPRODUCIBILITY; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; VALIDATION PROCESS;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); POSIBACTERIA; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS;

EID: 0033034280     PISSN: 00951137     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.37.3.664-674.1999     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Aires de Sousa, M., I. S. Sanches, A. van Belkum, W. van Leeuwen, H. Verbrugh, and H. de Lencastre. 1996. Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Portuguese hospitals by multiple genotyping systems. Microb. Drug Res. 2:331-341.
2. Altschul, S. F., W. Gish, W. Miller, E. W. Myers, and D. J. Lipman. 1990. Basic local alignment search tool. J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-410.
3. Arbeit, R. D. 1998. Laboratory procedures for the epidemiologic analysis of staphylococci, p. 203-286. In G. L. Archer and K. B. Crossley (ed.), Staphylococci and staphylococcal diseases. Churchill Livingstone, New York, N.Y.
4. Ayliffe, G. A. J. 1997. The progressive intercontinental spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin. Infect. Dis. 24:S74-S79.
5. Blattner, F. R., G. Plunkett III, C. A. Bloch, N. T. Perna, V. Burland, M. Riley, J. Collado-Vides, J. D. Glasner, C. K. Rode, G. F. Mayhew, J. Gregor, N. W. Davis, H. A. Kirkpatrick, M. A. Goeden, D. J. Rose, B. Mau, and Y. Shao. 1997. The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. Science 277:1453-1462.
6. Brikun, I., K. Suziedelis, and D. E. Berg. 1994. DNA sequence divergence among derivatives of Escherichia coli K-12 detected by arbitrary primer PCR (random amplified polymorphic DNA) fingerprinting. J. Bacteriol. 176:1673-1682.
7. Byrne, M. E., T. G. Littlejohn, and R. A. Skurray. 1990. Transposons and insertion sequences in the evolution of multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, p. 165-174. In R. P. Novick (ed.), Molecular biology of staphylococci. VCH publishers, New York, N.Y.
8. Cookson, B. D., P. Aparicio, A. Deplano, M. Struelens, R. Goering, and R. Marples. 1996. Inter-centre comparison of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for the typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J. Med. Microbiol. 44:179-184.
9. Fleischmann, R. D., M. D. Adams, O. White, R. A. Clayton, E. F. Kirkness, E. R. Kerlavage, C. J. Bult, J. Tomb, B. A. Dougherty, J. M. Merrick, K. McKenney, G. Sutton, W. FitzHugh, C. Fields, J. D. Gocayne, J. Scott, R. Shirley, L. Liu, A. Glodek, J. M. Kelley, J. F. Weidman, C. A. Phillips, T. Spriggs, E. Hedblom, M. D. Cotton, T. R. Utterback, M. C. Hanna, D. T. Nguyen, D. M. Saudek, R. C. Brandon, L. D. Fine, J. L. Fritchman, J. L. Fuhrmann, N. S. M. Geoghagen, C. L. Gnehm, L. A. McDonald, K. V. Small, C. M. Fraser, H. O. Smith, and J. C. Venter. 1995. Whole-genome random sequencing and assembly of Haemophilus influenzae Rd. Science 269:496-512.
10. Fraser, C. M., J. D. Gocayne, O. White, M. D. Adams, R. A. Clayton, R. D. Fleischmann, C. J. Bult, A. R. Kerlavage, G. Sutton, J. M. Kelley, J. L. Fritchman, J. F. Weidman, K. V. Small, M. Sandusky, J. Fuhrmann, D. Nguyen, T. R. Utterback, D. M. Saudeck, C. A. Phillips, J. M. Merrick, J. Tomb, B. A. Dougherty, K. F. Bott, P. Hu, T. S. Lucier, S. N. Peterson, H. O. Smith, C. A. Hutchinson III, and J. C. Venter. 1995. The minimal gene complement of Mycoplasma genitalium. Science 270:397-403.
11. Frénay, H. M. E., J. P. G. Theelen, L. M. Schouls, C. M. J. E. Vanden Broucke-Grauls, W. J. van Leeuwen, and F. R. Mooi. 1994. Discrimination of epidemic and nonepidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains on the basis of protein A gene polymorphism. J. Clin. Microbiol. 32:846-847.
12. Giesendorf, B. A. J., W. G. V. Quint, P. Vandamme, and A. van Belkum. 1996. Generation of DNA probes for detection of microorganisms by polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. 283:417-430.
13. Grimont, F., M. Lefevre, E. Ageron, and P. A. D. Grimont. 1989. rRNA gene restriction patterns of Legionella species: a molecular identification system. Res. Microbiol. 140:615-626.
14. Groisman, E. A., and H. Ochman. 1996. Pathogenicity islands: bacterial evolution in quantum leaps. Cell 87:791-794.
15. Hermans, P. W. M., S. K. Saha, W. J. van Leeuwen, H. A. Verbrugh, A. van Belkum, and W. H. F. Goessens. 1996. Molecular typing of Salmonella typhi strains from Dhaka (Bangladesh) and development of DNA probes identifying plasmid-encoded multidrug-resistant isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34: 1373-1379.
16. Hood, D. W., M. E. Deadman, T. Allen, H. Masoud, A. Martin, J. R. Brisson, R. Fleischmann, J. C. Venter, J. C. Richards, and E. R. Moxon. 1996. Use of the complete genome sequence information of Haemophilus influenzae strain Rd to investigate lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Mol. Microbiol. 22:951-965.
17. Hunter, P. R., and M. A. Gaston. 1988. Numerical index of the discriminatory ability of typing systems: an application of Simpson's index of diversity. J. Clin. Microbiol. 26:2465-2466.
18. Hunter, P. R. 1990. Reproducibility and indices of discriminatory power of microbial typing methods. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28:1903-1905.
19. Kloos, W. E., and T. L. Bannerman. 1995. Staphylococcus and Micrococcus. p. 282-298. In P. R. Murray, E. J. Baron, M. A. Pfaller, F. C. Tenover, and R. P. Yolken (ed.), Manual of clinical microbiology, 6th ed. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
20. Kreiswirth, B., J. Konblum, R. D. Arbeit, W. Eisner, J. N. Maslow, A. McGreer, D. E. Low, and R. P. Novick. 1993. Evidence for a clonal origin of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Science 259:227-230.
21. Kunst, F., N. Ogasawara, I. Moszer, A. M. Albertini, G. Alloni, V. Azevedo, M. G. Bertero, P. Bessières, A. Bolotin, S. Borchert, R. Borriss, L. Boursier, A. Brans, M. Braun, S. C. Brignell, S. Bron, S. Brouillet, C. V. Bruschi, B. Caldwell, V. Capuano, N. M. Carter, S. K. Choi, J. J. Codani, I. F. Connerton, N. J. Crummings, R. A. Daniel, F. Denizot, K. M. Devine, A. Düsterhöft, S. D. Ehrlich, P. T. Emmerson, K. D. Entian, J. Errington, C. Fabret, E. Ferrari, D. Foulger, C. Fritz, M. Fujita, Y. Fujita, S. Fuma, A. Galizzi, N. Galleron, S. Y. Ghim, P. Glaser, A. Goffeau, E. J. Golightly, G. Grandi, G. Guiseppi, B. J. Guy, K. Haga, J. Haiech, C. R. Harwood, A. Hénault, H. Hilbert, S. Holsappel, S. Hosono, M. F. Hullo, M. Itaya, L. Jones, B. Joris, D. Karamata, Y. Kasahara, M. Klaerr-Blanchard, C. Klein, Y. Kobayashi, P. Koetter, G. Koningstein, S. Krogh, M. Kumano, A. Lapidus, S. Lardinois, J. Lauber, V. Lazarevic, S. M. Lee, A. Levine, H. Liu, S. Masuda, C. Mauël, C. Médigue, N. Medina, R. P. Mellado, M. Mizuno, D. Moestl, S. Nakai, M. Noback, D. Noone, M. O'Reilly, K. Ogawa, A. Ogiwara, B. Oudega, S. H. Park, V. Parro, T. M. Pohl, D. Portetelle, S. Porwollik, A. M. Prescott, E. Presecan, P. Pujic, B. Purnelle, G. Rapoport, M. Rey, S. Reynolds, M. Rieger, C. Rivolta, E. Rocha, B. Roche, M. Rose, Y. Sadaie, T. Sato, E. Scanlan, S. Schleich, R. Schroeter, F. Scoffone, J. Sekiguchi, A. Sekowska, S. J. Seror, P. Serror, B. S. Shin, B. Soldo, A. Sorokin, E. Tacconi, T. Takagi, H. Takahashi, K. Takemaru, M. Takeuchi, A. Tamakoshi, T. Tanaka, P. Terpstra, A. Tognoni, V. Tosato, S. Uchiyama, M. Vandenbol, F. Vannier, A. Vassarotti, A. Viari, R. Wanbutt, E. Wedler, H. Wedler, T. Weitzenegger, P. Winters, A. Wipat, H. Yamamoto, K. Yamane, K. Yashumoto, K. Yata, K. Yoshida, H. F. Yoshikawa, E. Zumstain, H. Yoshikawa, and A. Danchin. 1997. The complete genome sequence of the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus, subtilis. Nature 390:249-256.
22. Maslow, J. N., M. E. Mulligan, and R. D. Arbeit. 1993. Molecular epidemiology: application of contemporary techniques to the typing of microorganisms. Clin. Infect. Dis. 17:153-164.
23. Mel, S. F., and J. Mekalanos. 1996. Modulation of horizontal gene transfer in pathogenic bacteria by in vivo signals. Cell 87:795-798.
24. Murakami, K., W. Minamide, K. Wada, E. Nakumara, H. Teraoka, and S. Watanabe. 1991. Identification of methicillin-resistant strains of staphylococci by polymerase chain reaction. J. Clin. Microbiol. 29:2240-2244.
25. Musser, J. M., and V. Kapur. 1992. Clonal analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains from intercontinental sources: association of the mec gene with divergent phylogenetic lineages implies dissemination by horizontal transfer and recombination. J. Clin. Microbiol. 30:2058-2063.
26. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 1998. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 8th informational supplement, vol. 18, no. 1. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Wayne, Pa.
27. Novick, R. 1967. Properties of a cryptic high-frequency transducing phage in Staphylococcus aureus. Virology 33:155-166.
28. Parker, M. T. 1978. Phage typing of Staphylococcus aureus. Methods Microbiol. 11:15-21.
29. Pattee, P. A. 1993. Genetic and physical map of Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8325, p. 2.106-2.113. In S. J. O'Brien (ed.), Genetic maps, 6th ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
30. Sambrook, J., E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
31. Schmeltzer, M. S., F. L. Pratt, A. F. Gillaspy, and L. A. Young. 1996. Genomic fingerprinting for epidemiological differentiation of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:1364-1372.
32. Schwarzkopf, A., and H. Karen. 1994. Genetic variation in Staphylococcus aureus coagulase genes: potential and limits for use as epidemiological marker. J. Clin. Microbiol. 32:2407-2412.
33. Struelens, M. J., and the members of the European Study Group on Epidemiological Markers (ESGEM), of the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID). 1996. Consensus guidelines for appropriate use and evaluation of microbial epidemiologic typing systems. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 2:2-11.
34. Suzuki, E., K. Kuwakara-Arai, J. F. Richardson, and K. Hiramatsu. 1993. Distribution of mec regulator genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical strains. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37:1219-1226.
35. Tenover, F. C., R. Arbeit, G. Archer, J. Biddle, S. Byrne, R. Goering, G. Hancock, G. Ann Hébert, B. Hill, R. Hollis, W. R. Jarvis, B. Kreiswirth, W. Eisner, J. Maslow, L. K. McDougal, J. M. Miller, M. Mulligan, and M. A. Pfaller. 1994. Comparison of traditional and molecular methods for typing isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. J. Clin. Microbiol. 32:407-415.
36. Tenover, F. C., R. D. Arbeit, R. V. Goering, P. A. Mickelsen, B. E. Murray, D. H. Persing, and B. Swaminathan. 1995. Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:2233-2239.
37. Van Belkum, A., R. Bax, P. C. J. van Straaten, W. G. V. Quint, and E. Veringa. 1994. PCR fingerprinting for epidemiological studies of Staphylococcus aureus. J. Microbiol. Methods 20:235-247.
38. Van Belkum, A., J. Kluytmans, W. van Leeuwen, R. Bax, W. Quint, E. Peters, A. Fluit, C. VandenBroucke-Grauls, A. van den Brule, H. Koeleman, W. Melchers, J. Meis, A. Elaichouni, M. VanEechoutte, F. Moonens, N. Maes, M. Struelens, F. Tenover, and H. Verbrugh. 1995. Multicenter evaluation of arbitrarily primed PCR for typing of Staphylococcus aureus strains. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:1537-1547.
39. Van Belkum, A., W. van Leeuwen, K. Verkooyen, S. C. Saçilik, C. Cokmus, and H. Verbrugh. 1997. Dissemination of a single clone of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Turkish hospitals. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35:978-981.
40. Van Belkum, A., S. Scherer, W. van Leeuwen, D. Willemse, L. van Alphen, and H. Verbrugh. 1997. Variable number of tandem repeats in clinical strains of Haemophilus influenzae. Infect. Immun. 65:5017-5027.
41. Van Belkum, A., P. W. M. Hermans, L. Licciardello, S. Stefania, W. Grubb, W. van Leeuwen, and W. H. F. Goessens. 1998. Polymerase chain reaction-mediated typing of microorganisms: tracking dissemination of genes and genomes. Electrophoresis 19:602-607.
42. Van Belkum, A., W. van Leeuwen, M. E. Kaufmann, B. Cookson, F. Forey, J. Etienne, R. Goering, F. Tenover, C. Steward, F. O'Brien, W. Grubb, P. Tassios, N. Legakis, A. Morvan, N. El Sohl, R. de Ryck, M. Struelens, S. Salmenlinna, J. Vuopio-Varkila, M. Kooistra, A. Talens, W. Witte, and H. Verbrugh. 1998. Assessment of resolution and intercenter reproducibility of results of genotyping Staphylococcus aureus by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of SmaI macrorestriction fragments: a multicenter study. J Clin. Microbiol. 36:1653-1659.
43. VandenBergh, M. F. Q., E. P. F. IJzerman, A. van Belkum, and H. A. Verbrugh. Eight-year follow-up of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage: (re)defining the persistant carrier state. Submitted for publication.
44. Van Embden, J. D. A., M. D. Cave, J. T. Crawford, J. W. Dale, K. D. Eisenbach, B. Gicquel, P. Hermans, C. Martin, R. McAdam, T. M. Shinnick, and P. M. Small. 1993. Strain identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by DNA fingerprinting: recommendations for a standardized methodology. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31:406-409.
45. Van Leeuwen, W. B., M. Sijmons, J. Sluijs, H. Verbrugh, and A. van Belkum. 1996. On the nature and use of randomly amplified DNA from Staphylococcus aureus. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:2770-2777.
46. Van Leeuwen, W., A. van Belkum, B. Kreiswirth, and H. Verbrugh. 1998. Genetic diversification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a function of prolonged geographic dissemination and as measured by binary typing and other genotyping methods. Res. Microbiol. 149:497-507.
47. Van Leeuwen, W. J., and J. A. Rost. 1976. Additional set of typing phages of Staphylococcus aureus strains of human strains not typeable with the international basic set of phages. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Mikrobiol. Hyg. Abt. 1 Suppl. 5:1013-1019.