메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 72, Issue 6, 1999, Pages 2323-2333

The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal inhibits neurite outgrowth, disrupts neuronal microtubules, and modifies cellular tubulin

Author keywords

4 Hydroxynonenal; Alzheimer's disease; Lipid peroxidation; Neurite growth; Neuronal microtubules; Tubulin

Indexed keywords

4 HYDROXYNONENAL; TUBULIN;

EID: 0033006380     PISSN: 00223042     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0722323.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (171)

References (64)
  • 1
    • 0027972543 scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of nucleophilic substitution of alkylpyrroles in the presence of oxygen
    • Amarnath V., Valentine W. M., Amarnath K., Eng M. A., and Graham D. G. (1994) The mechanism of nucleophilic substitution of alkylpyrroles in the presence of oxygen. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 7, 56-61.
    • (1994) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.7 , pp. 56-61
    • Amarnath, V.1    Valentine, W.M.2    Amarnath, K.3    Eng, M.A.4    Graham, D.G.5
  • 3
    • 0031924992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactions of 4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal and related aldehydes with proteins studied by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • Amarnath V., Valentine W. M., Montine T. J., Patterson W. H., Amarnath K., Bassett C. N., and Graham D. G. (1998) Reactions of 4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal and related aldehydes with proteins studied by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 11, 317-328.
    • (1998) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.11 , pp. 317-328
    • Amarnath, V.1    Valentine, W.M.2    Montine, T.J.3    Patterson, W.H.4    Amarnath, K.5    Bassett, C.N.6    Graham, D.G.7
  • 4
    • 0031048886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microtubules and axonal growth
    • Baas P. W. (1997) Microtubules and axonal growth. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 9, 29-36.
    • (1997) Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. , vol.9 , pp. 29-36
    • Baas, P.W.1
  • 6
    • 0028936986 scopus 로고
    • Bioenergetic and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases
    • Bowling A. C. and Beal M. F. (1995) Bioenergetic and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Life Sci. 56, 1151-1171.
    • (1995) Life Sci. , vol.56 , pp. 1151-1171
    • Bowling, A.C.1    Beal, M.F.2
  • 7
    • 0016587177 scopus 로고
    • The role of microtubules in the growth and stabilization of nerve fibers
    • Daniels M. (1975) The role of microtubules in the growth and stabilization of nerve fibers. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 253, 535-544.
    • (1975) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , vol.253 , pp. 535-544
    • Daniels, M.1
  • 8
    • 0025269152 scopus 로고
    • Synapse loss in frontal cortex biopsies in Alzheimer's disease: Correlation with cognitive severity
    • DeKosky S. T. and Scheff S. W. (1990) Synapse loss in frontal cortex biopsies in Alzheimer's disease: correlation with cognitive severity. Ann. Neurol. 27, 457-464.
    • (1990) Ann. Neurol. , vol.27 , pp. 457-464
    • DeKosky, S.T.1    Scheff, S.W.2
  • 9
    • 0025814980 scopus 로고
    • Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde and related aldehydes
    • Esterbauer H., Schaur R. J., and Zollner H. (1991) Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde and related aldehydes. Free. Radic. Biol. Med. 11, 81-128.
    • (1991) Free. Radic. Biol. Med. , vol.11 , pp. 81-128
    • Esterbauer, H.1    Schaur, R.J.2    Zollner, H.3
  • 10
    • 0027265381 scopus 로고
    • Free radicals in brain metabolism and pathology
    • Evans P. H. (1993) Free radicals in brain metabolism and pathology. Br. Med. Bull. 49, 577-587.
    • (1993) Br. Med. Bull. , vol.49 , pp. 577-587
    • Evans, P.H.1
  • 12
    • 0021982448 scopus 로고
    • Actin and tubulin polymerization: The use of kinetic methods to determine mechanism
    • Frieden C. (1985) Actin and tubulin polymerization: the use of kinetic methods to determine mechanism. Anna. Rev. Biophvs. Chem. 14, 189-210.
    • (1985) Anna. Rev. Biophvs. Chem. , vol.14 , pp. 189-210
    • Frieden, C.1
  • 13
    • 0022348832 scopus 로고
    • 4-Hydroxy-alkenals interaction with purified microtubular protein
    • Gabriel L., Miglietta A., and Dianzani M. U. (1985) 4-Hydroxy-alkenals interaction with purified microtubular protein. Chem. Biol. Interact. 56, 201-212.
    • (1985) Chem. Biol. Interact. , vol.56 , pp. 201-212
    • Gabriel, L.1    Miglietta, A.2    Dianzani, M.U.3
  • 15
    • 0026648682 scopus 로고
    • A facile synthesis of 4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal
    • Gardner H., Bartelt R., and Weisleder D. (1992) A facile synthesis of 4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal. Lipids 27, 686-689.
    • (1992) Lipids , vol.27 , pp. 686-689
    • Gardner, H.1    Bartelt, R.2    Weisleder, D.3
  • 16
    • 0030005625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tau protein and the neurofibrillary pathology of Alzheimer's disease
    • Goedert M. (1996) Tau protein and the neurofibrillary pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 777, 121-131.
    • (1996) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , vol.777 , pp. 121-131
    • Goedert, M.1
  • 17
  • 18
    • 0029870656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytoplasmic mechanisms of axonal and dendritic growth in neurons
    • Heidemann S. R. (1996) Cytoplasmic mechanisms of axonal and dendritic growth in neurons. Int. Rev. Cytol. 165, 235-296.
    • (1996) Int. Rev. Cytol. , vol.165 , pp. 235-296
    • Heidemann, S.R.1
  • 19
    • 84855303577 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen free radicals and brain dysfunction
    • Jesberger J. A. and Richardson J. S. (1991) Oxygen free radicals and brain dysfunction. Int. J. Neurosci. 57, 1-17.
    • (1991) Int. J. Neurosci. , vol.57 , pp. 1-17
    • Jesberger, J.A.1    Richardson, J.S.2
  • 20
    • 0022198218 scopus 로고
    • Tension and compression in the cytoskeleton of PC 12 neurites
    • Joshi H. C., Chu D., Buxbaum R. E., and Heidemann S. R. (1985) Tension and compression in the cytoskeleton of PC 12 neurites. J. Cell Biol. 101, 697-705.
    • (1985) J. Cell Biol. , vol.101 , pp. 697-705
    • Joshi, H.C.1    Chu, D.2    Buxbaum, R.E.3    Heidemann, S.R.4
  • 21
    • 0030966546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impairment of glucose and glutamate transport and induction of mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction in synaptosomes by amyloid β-peptide: Role of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal
    • Keller J. N., Pang Z., Geddes J. W., Begley J. G., Germeyer A., Waeg G., and Mattson M. P. (1997) Impairment of glucose and glutamate transport and induction of mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction in synaptosomes by amyloid β-peptide: role of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal. J. Neurochem. 69, 273-284.
    • (1997) J. Neurochem. , vol.69 , pp. 273-284
    • Keller, J.N.1    Pang, Z.2    Geddes, J.W.3    Begley, J.G.4    Germeyer, A.5    Waeg, G.6    Mattson, M.P.7
  • 22
    • 0023626638 scopus 로고
    • Axonal disruption and aberrant localization of tau protein characterize the neuropil pathology of Alzheimer's disease
    • Kowall N. W. and Kosik K. S. (1987) Axonal disruption and aberrant localization of tau protein characterize the neuropil pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Ann. Neurol. 22, 639-643.
    • (1987) Ann. Neurol. , vol.22 , pp. 639-643
    • Kowall, N.W.1    Kosik, K.S.2
  • 23
    • 0030986669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that 4-hydroxynonenal mediates oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis
    • Kruman I., Bruce-Keller A. J., Bredesen D., Waeg G., and Mattson M. P. (1997) Evidence that 4-hydroxynonenal mediates oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis. J. Neurosci. 17, 5089-5100.
    • (1997) J. Neurosci. , vol.17 , pp. 5089-5100
    • Kruman, I.1    Bruce-Keller, A.J.2    Bredesen, D.3    Waeg, G.4    Mattson, M.P.5
  • 24
    • 0016282960 scopus 로고
    • Role of tubulin-SH groups in polymerization to microtubules. Functional SH groups in tubulin for polymerization
    • Kuriyama R. and Sakai H. (1974) Role of tubulin-SH groups in polymerization to microtubules. Functional SH groups in tubulin for polymerization. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 76, 651-654.
    • (1974) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) , vol.76 , pp. 651-654
    • Kuriyama, R.1    Sakai, H.2
  • 25
    • 0014949207 scopus 로고
    • Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4
    • Laemmli U. K. (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227, 680-685.
    • (1970) Nature , vol.227 , pp. 680-685
    • Laemmli, U.K.1
  • 26
    • 0015895758 scopus 로고
    • The chemical characterization of calf brain microtubule protein subunits
    • Lee J. C., Frigon R. P., and Timasheff S. N. (1973) The chemical characterization of calf brain microtubule protein subunits. J. Biol. Chem. 248, 7253-7262.
    • (1973) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.248 , pp. 7253-7262
    • Lee, J.C.1    Frigon, R.P.2    Timasheff, S.N.3
  • 27
    • 0029917884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of tau phosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease
    • Lee V. M. (1996) Regulation of tau phosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 777, 107-113.
    • (1996) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , vol.777 , pp. 107-113
    • Lee, V.M.1
  • 28
    • 0030714092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated 4-hydroxynonenal in ventricular fluid in Alzheimer's disease
    • Lovell M. A., Ehmann W. D., Mattson M. P., and Markesbery W. R. (1997) Elevated 4-hydroxynonenal in ventricular fluid in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging 18, 457-461.
    • (1997) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.18 , pp. 457-461
    • Lovell, M.A.1    Ehmann, W.D.2    Mattson, M.P.3    Markesbery, W.R.4
  • 29
    • 0031020476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for 4-hydroxynonenal, an aldehydic product of lipid peroxidation, in disruption of ion homeostasis and neuronal death induced by amyloid β-peptide
    • Mark R. J., Lovell M. A., Markesbery W. R., Uchida K., and Mattson M. P. (1997a) A role for 4-hydroxynonenal, an aldehydic product of lipid peroxidation, in disruption of ion homeostasis and neuronal death induced by amyloid β-peptide. J. Neurochem. 68, 255-264.
    • (1997) J. Neurochem. , vol.68 , pp. 255-264
    • Mark, R.J.1    Lovell, M.A.2    Markesbery, W.R.3    Uchida, K.4    Mattson, M.P.5
  • 30
    • 0031020993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyloid beta-peptide impairs glucose transport in hippocampal and cortical neurons: Involvement of membrane lipid peroxidation
    • Mark R. J., Pang Z., Geddes J. W., Uchida K., and Mattson M. P. (1997b) Amyloid beta-peptide impairs glucose transport in hippocampal and cortical neurons: involvement of membrane lipid peroxidation. J. Neurosci. 17, 1046-1054.
    • (1997) J. Neurosci. , vol.17 , pp. 1046-1054
    • Mark, R.J.1    Pang, Z.2    Geddes, J.W.3    Uchida, K.4    Mattson, M.P.5
  • 31
    • 0030915855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease
    • Markesbery W. R. (1997) Oxidative stress hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease. Free. Radic. Biol. Med. 23, 134-147.
    • (1997) Free. Radic. Biol. Med. , vol.23 , pp. 134-147
    • Markesbery, W.R.1
  • 32
    • 0024364877 scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical quantification of the synapse-related protein synaptophysin in Alzheimer disease
    • Masliah E., Terry R. D., DeTeresa R. M., and Hansen L. A. (1989) Immunohistochemical quantification of the synapse-related protein synaptophysin in Alzheimer disease. Neurosci. Lett. 103, 234-239.
    • (1989) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.103 , pp. 234-239
    • Masliah, E.1    Terry, R.D.2    DeTeresa, R.M.3    Hansen, L.A.4
  • 33
    • 0024342580 scopus 로고
    • Hypothesis: Microtubules, a key to Alzheimer disease
    • Matsuyama S. S. and Jarvik L. F. (1989) Hypothesis: microtubules, a key to Alzheimer disease. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA 86, 8152-8156.
    • (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA , vol.86 , pp. 8152-8156
    • Matsuyama, S.S.1    Jarvik, L.F.2
  • 34
    • 0000131472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium homeostasis and free radical metabolism as convergence points in the pathophysiology of dementia
    • (Wasco W. and Tanzi R. E., eds), Humana Press, Totowa
    • Mattson M. P., Furukawa K., Bruce A. J., Mark R. J., and Blanc E. M. (1996) Calcium homeostasis and free radical metabolism as convergence points in the pathophysiology of dementia, in Molecular Mechanisms of Dementia (Wasco W. and Tanzi R. E., eds), pp. 103-143. Humana Press, Totowa.
    • (1996) Molecular Mechanisms of Dementia , pp. 103-143
    • Mattson, M.P.1    Furukawa, K.2    Bruce, A.J.3    Mark, R.J.4    Blanc, E.M.5
  • 35
    • 0030797336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4-Hydroxynonenal, a product of lipid peroxidation, inhibits dephosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau
    • Mattson M. P., Fu W., Waeg G., and Uchida K. (1997) 4-Hydroxynonenal, a product of lipid peroxidation, inhibits dephosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau. Neuroreport 8, 2275-2281.
    • (1997) Neuroreport , vol.8 , pp. 2275-2281
    • Mattson, M.P.1    Fu, W.2    Waeg, G.3    Uchida, K.4
  • 36
    • 0023674299 scopus 로고
    • Microtubule-associated proteins: Their potential role in determining neuronal morphology
    • Matus A. (1988) Microtubule-associated proteins: their potential role in determining neuronal morphology. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 11, 29-44.
    • (1988) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.11 , pp. 29-44
    • Matus, A.1
  • 37
    • 0017068827 scopus 로고
    • Sulfhydryls and the in vitro polymerization of tubulin
    • Mellon M. G. and Rebhun L. I. (1976) Sulfhydryls and the in vitro polymerization of tubulin. J. Cell Biol. 70, 226-238.
    • (1976) J. Cell Biol. , vol.70 , pp. 226-238
    • Mellon, M.G.1    Rebhun, L.I.2
  • 40
    • 0025837946 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of C-9 aldehydes with microtubular protein in vitro and in cultured cells in the presence of taxol
    • Miglietta A., Olivero A., Gadoni E., and Gabriel L. (1991b) Interaction of C-9 aldehydes with microtubular protein in vitro and in cultured cells in the presence of taxol. Res. Commum. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 73, 131-144.
    • (1991) Res. Commum. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. , vol.73 , pp. 131-144
    • Miglietta, A.1    Olivero, A.2    Gadoni, E.3    Gabriel, L.4
  • 41
    • 0030040310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal is cytotoxic and cross-links cytoskeletal proteins in P19 neuroglial cultures
    • Montine T. J., Amarnath V., Martin M. E., Strittmatter W. J., and Graham D. G. (1996) E-4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal is cytotoxic and cross-links cytoskeletal proteins in P19 neuroglial cultures. Am. J. Pathol. 148, 89-93.
    • (1996) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.148 , pp. 89-93
    • Montine, T.J.1    Amarnath, V.2    Martin, M.E.3    Strittmatter, W.J.4    Graham, D.G.5
  • 43
    • 0031028437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical detection of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal adducts in Alzheimer's disease is associated with inheritance of APOE4
    • Montine K. S., Olson S. J., Amarnath V., Whetsell W. O. Jr., Graham D. G., and Montine T. J. (1997b) Immunohistochemical detection of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal adducts in Alzheimer's disease is associated with inheritance of APOE4. Am. J. Pathol. 150, 437-443.
    • (1997) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.150 , pp. 437-443
    • Montine, K.S.1    Olson, S.J.2    Amarnath, V.3    Whetsell W.O., Jr.4    Graham, D.G.5    Montine, T.J.6
  • 44
    • 0030723754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system lipoproteins in Alzheimer's disease
    • Montine T. J., Montine K. S., and Swift L. L. (1997c) Central nervous system lipoproteins in Alzheimer's disease. Am. J. Pathol. 151, 1571-1575.
    • (1997) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.151 , pp. 1571-1575
    • Montine, T.J.1    Montine, K.S.2    Swift, L.L.3
  • 46
    • 0021061819 scopus 로고
    • Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays
    • Mosmann T. (1983) Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J. Immunol. Methods 65, 55-63.
    • (1983) J. Immunol. Methods , vol.65 , pp. 55-63
    • Mosmann, T.1
  • 47
    • 0028448460 scopus 로고
    • The use of tetrazolium salts to determine sites of damage to the mitochondrial electron transport chain in intact cells following in vitro photodynamic therapy with Photofrin II
    • Musser D. A. and Oseroff A. R. (1994) The use of tetrazolium salts to determine sites of damage to the mitochondrial electron transport chain in intact cells following in vitro photodynamic therapy with Photofrin II. Photochem. Photobiol. 59, 621-626.
    • (1994) Photochem. Photobiol. , vol.59 , pp. 621-626
    • Musser, D.A.1    Oseroff, A.R.2
  • 48
    • 0013804809 scopus 로고
    • Fatty acid and fatty aldehyde composition of the major brain lipids in normal human gray matter, white matter, and myelin
    • O'Brien J. S. and Sampson E. L. (1965) Fatty acid and fatty aldehyde composition of the major brain lipids in normal human gray matter, white matter, and myelin. J. Lipid Res. 6, 545-551.
    • (1965) J. Lipid Res. , vol.6 , pp. 545-551
    • O'Brien, J.S.1    Sampson, E.L.2
  • 49
    • 0025287137 scopus 로고
    • 4-Hydroxynonenal interacts with tubulin by reacting with its functional -SH groups
    • Olivero A., Miglietta A., Gadoni E., and Gabriel L. (1990) 4-Hydroxynonenal interacts with tubulin by reacting with its functional -SH groups. Cell. Biochem. Funct. 8, 99-105.
    • (1990) Cell. Biochem. Funct. , vol.8 , pp. 99-105
    • Olivero, A.1    Miglietta, A.2    Gadoni, E.3    Gabriel, L.4
  • 50
    • 0026601519 scopus 로고
    • Aldehyde-induced modifications of the microtubular system in 3T3 fibroblasts
    • Olivero A., Miglietta A., Gadoni E., and Gabriel L. (1992) Aldehyde-induced modifications of the microtubular system in 3T3 fibroblasts. Cell. Biochem. Funct. 10, 19-26.
    • (1992) Cell. Biochem. Funct. , vol.10 , pp. 19-26
    • Olivero, A.1    Miglietta, A.2    Gadoni, E.3    Gabriel, L.4
  • 51
    • 0023513805 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative study of frontal cortex dendritic microtubules in patients with Alzheimer's disease
    • Paula-Barbosa M., Tavares M. A., and Cadete-Leite A. (1987) A quantitative study of frontal cortex dendritic microtubules in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res. 417, 139-142.
    • (1987) Brain Res. , vol.417 , pp. 139-142
    • Paula-Barbosa, M.1    Tavares, M.A.2    Cadete-Leite, A.3
  • 52
    • 0033034787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4-Hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal inhibits CNS mitochondrial respiration at multiple sites
    • Picklo M. J., Amarnath V., McIntyre J. O., Graham D. G., and Montine T. J. (1999) 4-Hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal inhibits CNS mitochondrial respiration at multiple sites. J. Neurochem. 72, 1617-1624.
    • (1999) J. Neurochem. , vol.72 , pp. 1617-1624
    • Picklo, M.J.1    Amarnath, V.2    McIntyre, J.O.3    Graham, D.G.4    Montine, T.J.5
  • 54
    • 0030989545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4-Hydroxynonenal-derived advanced lipid peroxidation end products are increased in Alzheimer's disease
    • Sayre L. M., Zelasko D. A., Harris P. L., Perry G., Salomon R. G., and Smith M. A. (1997) 4-Hydroxynonenal-derived advanced lipid peroxidation end products are increased in Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurochem. 68, 2092-2097.
    • (1997) J. Neurochem. , vol.68 , pp. 2092-2097
    • Sayre, L.M.1    Zelasko, D.A.2    Harris, P.L.3    Perry, G.4    Salomon, R.G.5    Smith, M.A.6
  • 55
    • 0025217385 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative assessment of cortical synaptic density in Alzheimer's disease
    • Scheff S. W., DeKosky S. T., and Price D. A. (1990) Quantitative assessment of cortical synaptic density in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging 11, 29-37.
    • (1990) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.11 , pp. 29-37
    • Scheff, S.W.1    DeKosky, S.T.2    Price, D.A.3
  • 57
    • 0027163166 scopus 로고
    • Differences in the fatty acid composition of the grey and white matter of different regions of the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease and control subjects
    • Skinner E. R., Watt C., Besson J. A., and Best P. V. (1993) Differences in the fatty acid composition of the grey and white matter of different regions of the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease and control subjects. Brain 116, 717-725.
    • (1993) Brain , vol.116 , pp. 717-725
    • Skinner, E.R.1    Watt, C.2    Besson, J.A.3    Best, P.V.4
  • 58
    • 50549158051 scopus 로고
    • Studies on succinate-tetrazolium reductase systems III. Points of coupling of four different tetrazolium salts
    • Slater T. F., Sawyer B., and Straeuli U. (1963) Studies on succinate-tetrazolium reductase systems III. Points of coupling of four different tetrazolium salts. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 77, 383-393.
    • (1963) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.77 , pp. 383-393
    • Slater, T.F.1    Sawyer, B.2    Straeuli, U.3
  • 59
    • 0019445450 scopus 로고
    • Cytochalasin separates microtubule disassembly from loss of asymmetric morphology
    • Solomon F. and Magendantz M. (1981) Cytochalasin separates microtubule disassembly from loss of asymmetric morphology. J. Cell Biol. 89, 157-161.
    • (1981) J. Cell Biol. , vol.89 , pp. 157-161
    • Solomon, F.1    Magendantz, M.2
  • 60
    • 0029795197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease: An alternative to the amyloid hypothesis
    • Terry R. D. (1996) The pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease: an alternative to the amyloid hypothesis. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 55, 1023-1025.
    • (1996) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. , vol.55 , pp. 1023-1025
    • Terry, R.D.1
  • 61
    • 0002825277 scopus 로고
    • The ultrastructure of the neurofibrillary tangle and the senile plaque
    • (Wolstenholme G. and O'Connor M., eds), J&A Churchill, London
    • Terry R. and Wisniewski H. (1970) The ultrastructure of the neurofibrillary tangle and the senile plaque, in CIBA Foundation Symposium on Alzheimer's Disease and Rleated Conditions (Wolstenholme G. and O'Connor M., eds), pp. 145-168. J&A Churchill, London.
    • (1970) CIBA Foundation Symposium on Alzheimer's Disease and Rleated Conditions , pp. 145-168
    • Terry, R.1    Wisniewski, H.2
  • 62
    • 0028338752 scopus 로고
    • Cytoskeletal alterations in cultured cardiomyocytes following exposure to the lipid peroxidation product, 4-hydroxynonenal
    • VanWinkle W. B., Snuggs M., Miller J. C., and Buja L. M. (1994) Cytoskeletal alterations in cultured cardiomyocytes following exposure to the lipid peroxidation product, 4-hydroxynonenal. Cell Motil. Cytoskel. 28, 119-134.
    • (1994) Cell Motil. Cytoskel. , vol.28 , pp. 119-134
    • VanWinkle, W.B.1    Snuggs, M.2    Miller, J.C.3    Buja, L.M.4
  • 64
    • 0021951499 scopus 로고
    • Human brain tubulin purification: Decrease in soluble tubulin with age
    • Yan S. C., Hwang S., Rustan T. D., and Frey W. H. (1985) Human brain tubulin purification: decrease in soluble tubulin with age. Neurochem. Res. 10, 1-18.
    • (1985) Neurochem. Res. , vol.10 , pp. 1-18
    • Yan, S.C.1    Hwang, S.2    Rustan, T.D.3    Frey, W.H.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.