메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 40, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 199-213

Variation in langur social organization in relation to the socioecological model, human habitat alteration, and phylogenetic constraints

Author keywords

Female dominance relationships; Infanticide risk; Langurs; Phylogenetic constraints; Provisioning; Social organization

Indexed keywords

HANUMAN; HANUMAN LANGURS; PRIMATES; PRESBYTIS; SEMNOPITHECUS; TRACHYPITHECUS;

EID: 0032994971     PISSN: 00328332     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF02557711     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (31)

References (82)
  • 1
    • 0000145115 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of social behavior
    • ALEXANDER, R. D. 1974. The evolution of social behavior. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 5: 325-382.
    • (1974) Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.5 , pp. 325-382
    • Alexander, R.D.1
  • 2
    • 84990137330 scopus 로고
    • Differences in daily life between semiprovisioned and wild-feeding baboons
    • ALTMANN, J.; MURUTHI, P. 1988. Differences in daily life between semiprovisioned and wild-feeding baboons. Amer. J. Primatol., 15: 213-221.
    • (1988) Amer. J. Primatol. , vol.15 , pp. 213-221
    • Altmann, J.1    Muruthi, P.2
  • 3
    • 0029659416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecology, feeding competition and social structure in baboons
    • BARTON, R.; BYRNE, R.; WHITEN, A. 1996. Ecology, feeding competition and social structure in baboons. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 38: 321-329.
    • (1996) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.38 , pp. 321-329
    • Barton, R.1    Byrne, R.2    Whiten, A.3
  • 5
    • 0018773269 scopus 로고
    • Himalayan langurs: Temperate colobines
    • BISHOP, N. H. 1979. Himalayan langurs: temperate colobines. J. Human Evol., 8: 251-281.
    • (1979) J. Human Evol. , vol.8 , pp. 251-281
    • Bishop, N.H.1
  • 6
    • 51249180211 scopus 로고
    • Measures of human influence in habitats of South Asian langurs
    • BISHOP, N. H.; HRDY, S. B.; TEAS, J.; MOORE, J. 1981. Measures of human influence in habitats of South Asian langurs. Int. J. Primatol., 2: 153-167.
    • (1981) Int. J. Primatol. , vol.2 , pp. 153-167
    • Bishop, N.H.1    Hrdy, N.H.2    Teas, S.B.3    Moore, J.4
  • 7
    • 51249186826 scopus 로고
    • Intermale relations and troop male membership changes in langurs (Presbytis entellus) in Nepal
    • BOGGESS, J. 1980. Intermale relations and troop male membership changes in langurs (Presbytis entellus) in Nepal. Int. J. Primatol., 3: 233-274.
    • (1980) Int. J. Primatol. , vol.3 , pp. 233-274
    • Boggess, J.1
  • 8
    • 0005636336 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of female social relationships: Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus) and the VAN SCHAIK model
    • BORRIES, C. 1993. Ecology of female social relationships: Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus) and the VAN SCHAIK model. Folia Primatol., 61: 21-30.
    • (1993) Folia Primatol. , vol.61 , pp. 21-30
    • Borries, C.1
  • 9
    • 0030865530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infanticide in seasonally breeding multimale groups of Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus) in Ramnagar (South Nepal)
    • BORRIES, C. 1997. Infanticide in seasonally breeding multimale groups of Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus) in Ramnagar (South Nepal). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 41: 139-150.
    • (1997) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.41 , pp. 139-150
    • Borries, C.1
  • 10
    • 51649151851 scopus 로고
    • Dominance, age, and reproductive success in free-ranging female Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus)
    • BORRIES, C.; SOMMER, V.; SRIVASTAVA, A. 1991. Dominance, age, and reproductive success in free-ranging female Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus). Int. J. Primatol., 12: 231-257.
    • (1991) Int. J. Primatol. , vol.12 , pp. 231-257
    • Borries, C.1    Sommer, V.2    Srivastava, A.3
  • 11
    • 0002857724 scopus 로고
    • Coercion-defence hypothesis: The evolution of primate sociality
    • BRERETON, A. R. 1995. Coercion-defence hypothesis: the evolution of primate sociality. Folia Primatol., 64: 207-214.
    • (1995) Folia Primatol. , vol.64 , pp. 207-214
    • Brereton, A.R.1
  • 12
    • 0028835587 scopus 로고
    • Dominance competition through affiliation and support in Japanese macaques: An experimental study
    • CHAPAIS, B.; GAUTHIER, C.; PRUD'HOMME, J. 1995. Dominance competition through affiliation and support in Japanese macaques: an experimental study. Int. J. Primatol., 16: 521-536.
    • (1995) Int. J. Primatol. , vol.16 , pp. 521-536
    • Chapais, B.1    Gauthier, C.2    Prud'homme, J.3
  • 13
    • 0003025493 scopus 로고
    • Predation
    • SMUTS, B. B.; CHENEY, D. L.; SEYFARTH, R. M.; WRANGHAM, R. W.; STRUHSAKER, T. T. (eds.), Chicago Univ. Press, Chicago
    • CHENEY, D. L.; WRANGHAM, R. W. 1987. Predation. In: Primate Societies, SMUTS, B. B.; CHENEY, D. L.; SEYFARTH, R. M.; WRANGHAM, R. W.; STRUHSAKER, T. T. (eds.), Chicago Univ. Press, Chicago, pp. 227-239.
    • (1987) Primate Societies , pp. 227-239
    • Cheney, D.L.1    Wrangham, R.W.2
  • 14
    • 0024476891 scopus 로고
    • Female transfer and inbreeding avoidance in social mammals
    • CLUTTON-BROCK, T. H. 1989. Female transfer and inbreeding avoidance in social mammals. Nature, 337: 70-71.
    • (1989) Nature , vol.337 , pp. 70-71
    • Clutton-Brock, T.H.1
  • 16
    • 0001797132 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary history of the colobine monkeys in paleoenvironmental perspective
    • DAVIES, A. G.; OATES, J. F. (eds.), Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
    • DELSON, E. 1994. Evolutionary history of the colobine monkeys in paleoenvironmental perspective. In: Colobine Monkeys: Their Ecology, Behaviour and Evolution, DAVIES, A. G.; OATES, J. F. (eds.), Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 11-43.
    • (1994) Colobine Monkeys: Their Ecology, Behaviour and Evolution , pp. 11-43
    • Delson, E.1
  • 17
    • 0027940361 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of social organization: A reappraisal for primates by using phylogenetic methods
    • DI FIORE, A.; RENDALL, D. 1994. Evolution of social organization: a reappraisal for primates by using phylogenetic methods. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 91: 9941-9945.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.91 , pp. 9941-9945
    • Di Fiore, A.1    Rendall, D.2
  • 18
    • 0017407477 scopus 로고
    • Ecology, sexual selection, and the evolution of mating systems
    • EMLEN, S. T.; ORING, L. W. 1977. Ecology, sexual selection, and the evolution of mating systems. Science, 197: 215-223.
    • (1977) Science , vol.197 , pp. 215-223
    • Emlen, S.T.1    Oring, L.W.2
  • 19
    • 0002565922 scopus 로고
    • Cooperation in compelition: The ecology of primate bonds
    • HARCOURT, A. H.; DE WAAL, F. B. M. (eds.), Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford
    • VAN HOOFF, J. A. R. A. M; VAN SCHAIK, C. P. 1992. Cooperation in compelition: the ecology of primate bonds. In: Coalitions and Alliances in Humans and Other Animals, HARCOURT, A. H.; DE WAAL, F. B. M. (eds.), Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, pp. 357-389.
    • (1992) Coalitions and Alliances in Humans and Other Animals , pp. 357-389
    • Van Hooff, J.A.R.A.M.1    Van Schaik, C.P.2
  • 20
    • 0028604984 scopus 로고
    • Male bonds: Affiliative relationships among nonhuman primate males
    • VAN HOOFF, J. A. R. A. M.; VAN SCHAIK, C. P. 1994. Male bonds: affiliative relationships among nonhuman primate males. Behaviour, 130: 309-337.
    • (1994) Behaviour , vol.130 , pp. 309-337
    • Van Hooff, J.A.R.A.M.1    Van Schaik, C.P.2
  • 21
    • 0016265010 scopus 로고
    • Male-male competition and infanticide among the langurs (Presbytis entellus) of Abu, Rajasthan
    • HRDY, S. B. 1974. Male-male competition and infanticide among the langurs (Presbytis entellus) of Abu, Rajasthan. Folia Primatol., 22: 19-58.
    • (1974) Folia Primatol. , vol.22 , pp. 19-58
    • Hrdy, S.B.1
  • 23
    • 0017142128 scopus 로고
    • Hierarchical relations among female hanumar langurs (Primates: Colobinae, Presbytis entellus)
    • HRDY, S. B.; HRDY, D. B. 1976. Hierarchical relations among female hanumar langurs (Primates: Colobinae, Presbytis entellus). Science, 193: 913-915.
    • (1976) Science , vol.193 , pp. 913-915
    • Hrdy, S.B.1    Hrdy, D.B.2
  • 24
    • 0026278780 scopus 로고
    • Contest and scramble competition: Patterns of female aggression and ranging behavior among primates
    • ISBELL, L. A. 1991. Contest and scramble competition: patterns of female aggression and ranging behavior among primates. Behav. Ecol., 2: 143-155.
    • (1991) Behav. Ecol. , vol.2 , pp. 143-155
    • Isbell, L.A.1
  • 25
    • 84996094700 scopus 로고
    • Group fusions and minimum group sizes in vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops)
    • ISBELE, L. A.; CHENEY, D. L.; SEYFARTH, R. M. 1991. Group fusions and minimum group sizes in vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). Amer. J. Primatol., 25: 57-65.
    • (1991) Amer. J. Primatol. , vol.25 , pp. 57-65
    • Isbele, L.A.1    Cheney, D.L.2    Seyfarth, R.M.3
  • 26
    • 0032399283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the predation hypothesis for vertebrate sociality: Prospects and pitfalls
    • JANSON, C. H. 1998. Testing the predation hypothesis for vertebrate sociality: prospects and pitfalls. Behaviour, 135: 389-410.
    • (1998) Behaviour , vol.135 , pp. 389-410
    • Janson, C.H.1
  • 27
    • 0024180918 scopus 로고
    • Recognizing the many faces of primate food competition: Methods
    • JANSON, C. H.; VAN SCHAIK, C. P. 1988. Recognizing the many faces of primate food competition: methods. Behaviour, 105: 165-186.
    • (1988) Behaviour , vol.105 , pp. 165-186
    • Janson, C.H.1    Van Schaik, C.P.2
  • 28
    • 0002388903 scopus 로고
    • The common langur of North India
    • DEVORE, I. (ed.), Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New York
    • JAY, P. 1965. The common langur of North India. In: Primate Behavior: Field Studies of Monkeys and Apes, DEVORE, I. (ed.), Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New York, pp. 197-249.
    • (1965) Primate Behavior: Field Studies of Monkeys and Apes , pp. 197-249
    • Jay, P.1
  • 29
    • 0031966973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When females should contest for food: Testing hypotheses about resource density, distribution, size, and quality with Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus)
    • KOENIG, A.; BEISE, J.; CHALISE, M. K.; GANZHORN, J. U. 1998. When females should contest for food: testing hypotheses about resource density, distribution, size, and quality with Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 42: 225-237.
    • (1998) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.42 , pp. 225-237
    • Koenig, A.1    Beise, J.2    Chalise, M.K.3    Ganzhorn, J.U.4
  • 30
    • 0030701621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecology, nutrition, and timing of reproductive events in an Asian primate, the Hanuman langur (Presbytis entellus)
    • KOENIG, A.; BORRIES, C.; CHALISE, M. K.; WINKLER, P. 1997. Ecology, nutrition, and timing of reproductive events in an Asian primate, the Hanuman langur (Presbytis entellus). J. Zool., 243: 215-235.
    • (1997) J. Zool. , vol.243 , pp. 215-235
    • Koenig, A.1    Borries, C.2    Chalise, M.K.3    Winkler, P.4
  • 31
    • 0001754705 scopus 로고
    • Ecology and behavior of vervet monkeys in a tourist lodge habitat
    • ELSE, J. G.; LEE, P. C. (eds.), Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
    • LEE, P. C.; BRENNAN, E. J.; ELSE, G. J.; ALTMANN, J. 1986. Ecology and behavior of vervet monkeys in a tourist lodge habitat. In: Primate Ecology and Conservation, ELSE, J. G.; LEE, P. C. (eds.), Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 229-235.
    • (1986) Primate Ecology and Conservation , pp. 229-235
    • Lee, P.C.1    Brennan, E.J.2    Else, G.J.3    Altmann, J.4
  • 32
    • 0002349316 scopus 로고
    • Infanticide by adult males in three primate species of the Kibale Forest, Uganda: A test of hypotheses
    • HAUSFATER, G.; HRDY, S. B. (eds.), Aldine, New York
    • LELAND, L.; STRUHSAKER, T. T.; BUTYNSKI, T. M. 1984. Infanticide by adult males in three primate species of the Kibale Forest, Uganda: a test of hypotheses. In: Infanticide: Comparative and Evolutionary Perspectives, HAUSFATER, G.; HRDY, S. B. (eds.), Aldine, New York, pp. 151-171.
    • (1984) Infanticide: Comparative and Evolutionary Perspectives , pp. 151-171
    • Leland, L.1    Struhsaker, T.T.2    Butynski, T.M.3
  • 33
    • 0018795265 scopus 로고
    • Female transference and mate choice among Tana River red colobus
    • MARSH, C. W. 1979. Female transference and mate choice among Tana River red colobus. Nature, 281: 568-569.
    • (1979) Nature , vol.281 , pp. 568-569
    • Marsh, C.W.1
  • 34
    • 34548719708 scopus 로고
    • The logic of animal conflict
    • MAYNARD SMITH, J.; PRICE, G. 1973. The logic of animal conflict. Nature, 246: 15-18.
    • (1973) Nature , vol.246 , pp. 15-18
    • Maynard Smith, J.1    Price, G.2
  • 35
    • 0041976299 scopus 로고
    • Ecology, behavior and sociality of Presbytis femoralis in Eastcentral Sumatra
    • EHARA, A.; KAWAMURA, S. (eds.), Padjadjaran Univ., Padjadjaran
    • MEGANTARA, E. N. 1989. Ecology, behavior and sociality of Presbytis femoralis in Eastcentral Sumatra. In: Comparative Primatology Monographs 2, EHARA, A.; KAWAMURA, S. (eds.), Padjadjaran Univ., Padjadjaran, pp. 171-301.
    • (1989) Comparative Primatology Monographs , vol.2 , pp. 171-301
    • Megantara, E.N.1
  • 36
    • 0000694591 scopus 로고
    • Cercopithecines in multimale groups: Genetic diversity and population structure
    • SMUTS, B. B.; CHENEY, D. L.; SEYFARTH, R. M.; WRANGHAM, R. W.; STRUHSAKER, T. T. (eds.), Chicago Univ. Press, Chicago
    • MELNICK, D. J.; PEARL, M. C. 1987. Cercopithecines in multimale groups: genetic diversity and population structure. In: Primate Societies, SMUTS, B. B.; CHENEY, D. L.; SEYFARTH, R. M.; WRANGHAM, R. W.; STRUHSAKER, T. T. (eds.), Chicago Univ. Press, Chicago, pp. 121-134
    • (1987) Primate Societies , pp. 121-134
    • Melnick, D.J.1    Pearl, M.C.2
  • 37
    • 0026062823 scopus 로고
    • Competitive regimes and female bonding in two species of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri oerstedi and S. sciureus)
    • MITCHELL, C. L.; BOINSKI, S.; VAN SCHAIK, C. P. 1991. Competitive regimes and female bonding in two species of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri oerstedi and S. sciureus). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 28: 55-60.
    • (1991) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.28 , pp. 55-60
    • Mitchell, C.L.1    Boinski, S.2    Van Schaik, C.P.3
  • 38
    • 51249171407 scopus 로고
    • The social organization of forest Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus)
    • NEWTON, P. N. 1987. The social organization of forest Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus). Int. J. Primatol., 8: 199-232.
    • (1987) Int. J. Primatol. , vol.8 , pp. 199-232
    • Newton, P.N.1
  • 39
    • 51249173177 scopus 로고
    • The variable social organization of Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus), infanticide, and the monopolization of females
    • NEWTON, P. N. 1988. The variable social organization of Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus), infanticide, and the monopolization of females. Int. J. Primatol., 9: 59-77.
    • (1988) Int. J. Primatol. , vol.9 , pp. 59-77
    • Newton, P.N.1
  • 40
    • 0042476916 scopus 로고
    • Social stability and change among forest Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus)
    • NEWTON, P. N. 1994. Social stability and change among forest Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus). Primates, 35: 489-498.
    • (1994) Primates , vol.35 , pp. 489-498
    • Newton, P.N.1
  • 41
    • 0002121243 scopus 로고
    • Colobine monkey society
    • DAVIES, A. G.; OATES, J. F. (eds.), Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
    • NEWTON, P. N.; DUNBAR, R. I. M. 1994. Colobine monkey society. In: Colobine Monkeys: Their Ecology, Behaviour and Evolution, DAVIES, A. G.; OATES, J. F. (eds.), Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 311-346.
    • (1994) Colobine Monkeys: Their Ecology, Behaviour and Evolution , pp. 311-346
    • Newton, P.N.1    Dunbar, R.I.M.2
  • 42
    • 0000565577 scopus 로고
    • Male migration and rank acquisition in wild long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis)
    • VAN NOORDWIJK, M. A.; VAN SCHAIK, C. P. 1985. Male migration and rank acquisition in wild long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Anim. Behav., 33: 849-861.
    • (1985) Anim. Behav. , vol.33 , pp. 849-861
    • Van Noordwijk, M.A.1    Van Schaik, C.P.2
  • 43
  • 45
    • 0014710993 scopus 로고
    • Dominance structure of the nilgiri langur (Presbytis johnii) of South India
    • POIRIER, F. E. 1970. Dominance structure of the nilgiri langur (Presbytis johnii) of South India. Folia Primatol., 12: 161-186.
    • (1970) Folia Primatol. , vol.12 , pp. 161-186
    • Poirier, F.E.1
  • 46
    • 0025636909 scopus 로고
    • The reproductive consequences of male cooperation in the red howler monkey: Paternity exclusion in multi-male and single-male troop using genetic markers
    • POPE, T. R. 1990. The reproductive consequences of male cooperation in the red howler monkey: paternity exclusion in multi-male and single-male troop using genetic markers. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 27: 439-446.
    • (1990) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.27 , pp. 439-446
    • Pope, T.R.1
  • 47
    • 0002743440 scopus 로고
    • Resources and group sizes of primates
    • SEOBODCHIKOFF, C. N. (ed.), Academic Press, San Diego
    • RODMAN, P. S. 1988. Resources and group sizes of primates. In: The Ecology of Social Behavior, SEOBODCHIKOFF, C. N. (ed.), Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 83-108.
    • (1988) The Ecology of Social Behavior , pp. 83-108
    • Rodman, P.S.1
  • 48
    • 0020860209 scopus 로고
    • Why are diurnal primates living in groups?
    • VAN SCHAIK, C. P. 1983. Why are diurnal primates living in groups? Behaviour, 87: 120-144.
    • (1983) Behaviour , vol.87 , pp. 120-144
    • Van Schaik, C.P.1
  • 49
    • 0002323847 scopus 로고
    • The ecology of social relationships amongst female primates
    • STANDEN, V; FOLEY, R. A. (eds.), Blackwell Scientific, Oxford
    • VAN SCHAIK, C. P. 1989. The ecology of social relationships amongst female primates. In: Comparative Socioecology: The Behavioural Ecology of Humans and Other Mammals, STANDEN, V; FOLEY, R. A. (eds.), Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, pp. 195-218.
    • (1989) Comparative Socioecology: The Behavioural Ecology of Humans and Other Mammals , pp. 195-218
    • Van Schaik, C.P.1
  • 50
    • 0002144830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social evolution in primates: The role of ecological factors and male behaviour
    • VAN SCHAIK, C. P. 1996. Social evolution in primates: the role of ecological factors and male behaviour. Proc. British Acad., 88: 9-31.
    • (1996) Proc. British Acad. , vol.88 , pp. 9-31
    • Van Schaik, C.P.1
  • 51
    • 84996111141 scopus 로고
    • Territorial behavior in Southeast Asian langurs: Resource defense or mate defense?
    • VAN SCHAIK, C. P.; ASSINK, P. R.; SALAFSKY, N. 1992. Territorial behavior in Southeast Asian langurs: resource defense or mate defense? Amer. J. Primatol., 26: 233-242.
    • (1992) Amer. J. Primatol. , vol.26 , pp. 233-242
    • Van Schaik, C.P.1    Assink, P.R.2    Salafsky, N.3
  • 52
    • 0028160636 scopus 로고
    • Predation risk and the number of adult males in a primate group: A comparative test
    • VAN SCHAIK, C. P.; HORSTERMANN, M. 1994. Predation risk and the number of adult males in a primate group: a comparative test. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 35: 261-212.
    • (1994) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.35 , pp. 261-1212
    • Van Schaik, C.P.1    Horstermann, M.2
  • 53
    • 0001902551 scopus 로고
    • Life history and activity period and lemur social systems
    • KAPPELER, P. M.; GANZHORN, J. U. (eds.), Plenum Press, New York
    • VAN SCHAIK, C. P.; KAPPELER, P. M. 1993. Life history and activity period and lemur social systems. In: Lemur Social Systems and Their Ecological Basis, KAPPELER, P. M.; GANZHORN, J. U. (eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 241-260.
    • (1993) Lemur Social Systems and their Ecological Basis , pp. 241-260
    • Van Schaik, C.P.1    Kappeler, P.M.2
  • 54
    • 0030302695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The social systems of gregarious lemurs: Lack of convergence with anthropoids due to evolutionary equilibrium?
    • VAN SCHAIK, C. P.; KAPPELER, P. M. 1996. The social systems of gregarious lemurs: lack of convergence with anthropoids due to evolutionary equilibrium? Ethology, 102: 915-941.
    • (1996) Ethology , vol.102 , pp. 915-941
    • Van Schaik, C.P.1    Kappeler, P.M.2
  • 55
    • 0030781161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infanticide risk and the evolution of male-female association in primates
    • VAN SCHAIK, C. P.; KAPPELER, P. M. 1997. Infanticide risk and the evolution of male-female association in primates. Proc. Royal Soc. Lond., 264: 1687-1694.
    • (1997) Proc. Royal Soc. Lond. , vol.264 , pp. 1687-1694
    • Van Schaik, C.P.1    Kappeler, P.M.2
  • 56
    • 0024188303 scopus 로고
    • Scramble and contest in feeding competition among female long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis)
    • VAN SCHAIK, C. P.; VAN NOORDWIJK, M. A. 1988. Scramble and contest in feeding competition among female long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Behaviour, 105: 77-98.
    • (1988) Behaviour , vol.105 , pp. 77-98
    • Van Schaik, C.P.1    Van Noordwijk, M.A.2
  • 57
    • 0002823750 scopus 로고
    • Infanticide among the langurs of Jodhpur: Testing the sexual selection hypothesis with a long-term record
    • PARMIGIANI, S.; VOM SAAL, F. S. (eds.), Harwood Cadademic Press, Switzerland
    • SOMMER, V. 1994. Infanticide among the langurs of Jodhpur: testing the sexual selection hypothesis with a long-term record. In: Infanticide and Parental Care, PARMIGIANI, S.; VOM SAAL, F. S. (eds.), Harwood Cadademic Press, Switzerland, pp. 155-198.
    • (1994) Infanticide and Parental Care , pp. 155-198
    • Sommer, V.1
  • 58
    • 0030303053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mating system of Hanuman langurs: A problem of optimal foraging
    • SRIVASTAVA, A.; DUNBAR, R. I. M. 1996. The mating system of Hanuman langurs: a problem of optimal foraging. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 39: 219-226.
    • (1996) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.39 , pp. 219-226
    • Srivastava, A.1    Dunbar, R.I.M.2
  • 62
    • 0030764426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of female dispersal in Thomas langurs
    • STERCK, E. H. M. 1997. Determinants of female dispersal in Thomas langurs. Amer. J. Primatol., 42: 179-198.
    • (1997) Amer. J. Primatol. , vol.42 , pp. 179-198
    • Sterck, E.H.M.1
  • 63
    • 0031955209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female dispersal, social organization, and infanticide in langurs: Are they linked to human disturbance?
    • STERCK, E. H. M. 1998. Female dispersal, social organization, and infanticide in langurs: are they linked to human disturbance? Amer. J. Primatol., 44: 235-254.
    • (1998) Amer. J. Primatol. , vol.44 , pp. 235-254
    • Sterck, E.H.M.1
  • 64
    • 0007378216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The number of males in langur groups: Monopolizability of females or demographic processes?
    • in press, KAPPELER, P. M. (ed.), Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
    • STERCK, E. H. M.; VAN HOOFF, J. A. R. A. M. in press. The number of males in langur groups: monopolizability of females or demographic processes? In: Primate Males, KAPPELER, P. M. (ed.), Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
    • Primate Males
    • Sterck, E.H.M.1    Van Hooff, J.A.R.A.M.2
  • 65
    • 0031494675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female dominance relationships and food competition in the sympatric Thomas langur and long-tailed macaque
    • STERCK, E. H. M.; STEENBEEK, R. 1997. Female dominance relationships and food competition in the sympatric Thomas langur and long-tailed macaque. Behaviour, 134: 749-774.
    • (1997) Behaviour , vol.134 , pp. 749-774
    • Sterck, E.H.M.1    Steenbeek, R.2
  • 66
    • 0030828531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of female social relationships in nonhuman primates
    • STERCK, E. H. M.; WATTS, D. P.; VAN SCHAIK, C. P. 1997. The evolution of female social relationships in nonhuman primates. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 41: 291-309.
    • (1997) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.41 , pp. 291-309
    • Sterck, E.H.M.1    Watts, D.P.2    Van Schaik, C.P.3
  • 67
    • 0002719965 scopus 로고
    • Gorilla: Variation in female relationships
    • SMUTS, B. B.; CHENEY, D. L.; SEYFARTH, R. M.; WRANGHAM, R. W.; STRUHSAKER, T. T. (eds.), Chicago Univ. Press, Chicago
    • STEWART, K. J.: HARCOURT, A. H. 1987. Gorilla: variation in female relationships. In: Primate Societies, SMUTS, B. B.; CHENEY, D. L.; SEYFARTH, R. M.; WRANGHAM, R. W.; STRUHSAKER, T. T. (eds.), Chicago Univ. Press, Chicago, pp. 155-164.
    • (1987) Primate Societies , pp. 155-164
    • Stewart, K.J.1    Harcourt, A.H.2
  • 68
    • 0020435909 scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics of Japanese monkeys with special reference to the effect of artificial feeding
    • SUGIYAMA, Y; OHSAWA, H. 1982. Population dynamics of Japanese monkeys with special reference to the effect of artificial feeding. Folia Primatol., 39: 238-263.
    • (1982) Folia Primatol. , vol.39 , pp. 238-263
    • Sugiyama, Y.1    Ohsawa, H.2
  • 69
    • 0028151761 scopus 로고
    • Troop extinction and fusion in wild Japanese macaques of Yakushima Island, Japan
    • TAKAHATA, Y; SUZUKI, S.; OKAYASU, N.; HILL, D. 1994. Troop extinction and fusion in wild Japanese macaques of Yakushima Island, Japan. Amer. J. Primatol., 33: 317-322.
    • (1994) Amer. J. Primatol. , vol.33 , pp. 317-322
    • Takahata, Y.1    Suzuki, S.2    Okayasu, N.3    Hill, D.4
  • 71
    • 0002010193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primate social systems: Conspecific threat and coercion-defense hypotheses
    • TREVES, A. 1998. Primate social systems: conspecific threat and coercion-defense hypotheses. Folia Primatol., 69: 81-88.
    • (1998) Folia Primatol. , vol.69 , pp. 81-88
    • Treves, A.1
  • 72
    • 0029660517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conspecific threat, predation avoidance, and resource defense: Implications for grouping in langurs
    • TREVES, A.; CHAPMAN, C. A. 1996. Conspecific threat, predation avoidance, and resource defense: implications for grouping in langurs. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 39: 43-53.
    • (1996) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.39 , pp. 43-53
    • Treves, A.1    Chapman, C.A.2
  • 73
    • 0002446477 scopus 로고
    • Dominance 'style' and primate social organization
    • STANDEN, V.; FOLEY, R. A. (eds.), Blackwell Scientific, Oxford
    • DE WAAL, F. B. M. 1989. Dominance 'style' and primate social organization. In: Comparative Socioecology, STANDEN, V.; FOLEY, R. A. (eds.), Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, pp. 243-263.
    • (1989) Comparative Socioecology , pp. 243-263
    • De Waal, F.B.M.1
  • 74
    • 0003035628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conflict as negotiation
    • MCGREW, W. C.; MARCHANT, L. F.; NISHIDA, T. (eds.), Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
    • DE WAAL, F. B. M. 1996. Conflict as negotiation. In: Great Ape Societies, MCGREW, W. C.; MARCHANT, L. F.; NISHIDA, T. (eds.), Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 159-172.
    • (1996) Great Ape Societies , pp. 159-172
    • De Waal, F.B.M.1
  • 75
    • 0021061417 scopus 로고
    • Natal philopatry among solitary mammals
    • WASER, P. M.; JONES, W. T. 1983. Natal philopatry among solitary mammals. Quart. Rev. Biol., 58: 355-390.
    • (1983) Quart. Rev. Biol. , vol.58 , pp. 355-390
    • Waser, P.M.1    Jones, W.T.2
  • 76
    • 84990798657 scopus 로고
    • Infanticide in mountain gorillas: New cases and a reconsideration of the evidence
    • WATTS, D. P. 1989. Infanticide in mountain gorillas: new cases and a reconsideration of the evidence. Ethology, 81: 1-18.
    • (1989) Ethology , vol.81 , pp. 1-18
    • Watts, D.P.1
  • 77
    • 34249956311 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of gorillas and its relation to female transfer in mountain gorillas
    • WATTS, D. P. 1990. Ecology of gorillas and its relation to female transfer in mountain gorillas. Int. J. Primatol., 11: 21-45.
    • (1990) Int. J. Primatol. , vol.11 , pp. 21-45
    • Watts, D.P.1
  • 78
    • 0028175816 scopus 로고
    • Agonistic relationships between female mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei)
    • WATTS, D. P. 1994. Agonistic relationships between female mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 34: 347-358.
    • (1994) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.34 , pp. 347-358
    • Watts, D.P.1
  • 80
    • 84970235581 scopus 로고
    • On the evolution of ape social systems
    • WRANGHAM, R. W. 1979. On the evolution of ape social systems. Social Sci Inform., 18: 335-368.
    • (1979) Social Sci Inform. , vol.18 , pp. 335-368
    • Wrangham, R.W.1
  • 81
    • 0019232461 scopus 로고
    • An ecological model of female-bonded primate groups
    • WRANGHAM, R. W. 1980. An ecological model of female-bonded primate groups. Behaviour, 75: 262-300.
    • (1980) Behaviour , vol.75 , pp. 262-300
    • Wrangham, R.W.1
  • 82
    • 0002107019 scopus 로고
    • Local and intertroop variability in ecology and social behavior of common Indian langurs
    • JAY, P. C. (ed.), Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New York
    • YOSHIBA, K. 1968. Local and intertroop variability in ecology and social behavior of common Indian langurs. In: Primates: Studies in Adaptation and Variability, JAY, P. C. (ed.), Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New York, pp. 217-242.
    • (1968) Primates: Studies in Adaptation and Variability , pp. 217-242
    • Yoshiba, K.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.