Emerging epidemic of type 2 diabetes in youth

Diabetes Care

Volumn 22, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 345-354

  Rosenbloom, Arlan L ^a   Joe, Jennie R ^b   Young, Robert S ^b   Winter, William E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITOR; AMYLIN; BIGUANIDE DERIVATIVE; INSULIN; INSULIN RECEPTOR; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; ORAL ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE DEHYDROGENASE; RIBOSOME RNA; SULFONYLUREA DERIVATIVE; TRANSFER RNA; TROGLITAZONE;

ADOLESCENT; CHILD; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DRUG INDUCED DISEASE; ETHNIC GROUP; GENETIC LINKAGE; HUMAN; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; LIVER TOXICITY; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; ONSET AGE; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; REVIEW;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE FACTORS; ARIZONA; CANADA; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CHROMOSOME MAPPING; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DNA, MITOCHONDRIAL; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; HUMANS; INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN; MALE; NADH DEHYDROGENASE; POINT MUTATION; RNA, RIBOSOMAL; RNA, TRANSFER, AMINO ACID-SPECIFIC;

EID: 0032957363     PISSN: 01495992     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2337/diacare.22.2.345     Document Type: Review

References (93)

1. Glaser NS: Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in childhood and adolescence. Pediatr Clin North Am 44:307-337, 1997
2. Savage PJ, Bennett PH, Senter RG, Miller M: High prevalence of diabetes in young Pima Indians. Diabetes 28:937-942, 1979
3. Dean HE, Mundy RLL, Moffatt M: Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Indian children in Manitoba. Can Med Assoc J 147:52-57, 1992
4. Dean H: NIDDM-Y in First Nation children in Canada. Clin Pediatr 39:89-96, 1998
5. Harris SB, Perkins BA, Whalen-Brough E: Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus among First Nations children: new entity among First Nations people of northwestern Ontario. Can Fam Physician 42:869-876, 1996
6. Pinhas-Hamiel O, Dolan LM, Daniels SR, Standiford D, Khoury PR, Zeitler P: Increased incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus among adolescents. J Pediatr 128:608-615, 1996
7. Scott CR, Smith JM, Cradock M, Pihoker C: Characteristics of youth-onset non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus at diagnosis. Pediatrics 100:84-91, 1997
8. Pihoker C, Scott CR, Lensing SY, Cradock MM, Smith J: Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in African American youths of Arkansas. Clin Pediatr 37:97-102, 1998
9. Neufeld ND, Raffal LJ, Landon C, Chen Y-DI, Vadheim CM: Early presentation of type 2 diabetes in Mexican-American youth. Diabetes Care 21:80-86, 1998
10. Kadiki OA, Reddy MR, Marzouk AA: Incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) (0-34 years at onset) in Benghazi, Libya. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 32:167-173, 1996
11. Kitagawa T, Owada M, Urakami T, Tajima N: Epidemiology of type 1 (insulin-dependent) and type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Japanese children. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 24 (Suppl.):S7-S13, 1994
12. Kitagawa T, Owada M, Urakami T, Yamauchi K: Increased incidence of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus among Japanese school children correlates with an increased intake of animal protein and fat. Clin Pediatr 37:111-115, 1998
13. Yokoyama H, Okudaira M, Otani T, Watanabe C, Takaike H, Miuira J, Yamada H, Mutou K, Satou A, Uchigata Y, Iwamoto Y: High incidence of diabetic nephropathy in early-onset Japanese NIDDM patients: risk analysis. Diabetes Care 21:1080-1085, 1998
14. Martin MM, Martin ALA: Obesity, hyperinsulinism, and diabetes mellitus in childhood. J Pediatr 82:192-201, 1973
15. Rosenbloom AL: Age-related plasma insulin response to glucose ingestion in children and adolescents. IRCS Metab Nutr. Pediatr 2:1210, 1974
16. American Diabetes Association: Screening for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 21 (Suppl. 1): S20-S22, 1998
17. The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus: Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 20:1183-1197, 1997
18. Winter WE, Maclaren NK, Riley WJ, Clarke DW, Kappy MS, Spillar RP: Maturity onset diabetes of youth in Black Americans. N Engl J Med 316:285-291, 1987
19. Arslanian S, Danadian K: Insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity and diabetes in black children. Trends Endocrinol Metab 9:194-199, 1998
20. Pinhas-Hamiel O, Dolan LM, Zeitier PS: Diabetic ketoacidosis among obese AfricanAmerican adolescents with NIDDM. Diabetes Care 20:484-486, 1997
21. Lipton RB, Fivecoate JA: High risk of IDDM in African-American and Hispanic children in Chicago, 1985-1990. Diabetes Care 18:476-482, 1995
22. Neel JV: Diabetes mellitus: a thrifty genotype rendered detrimental by progress? Am J Hum Genet 14:353-362, 1962
23. Lillioja S, Mott DM, Spraul M, Ferraro R, Foley JE, Ravussin E, Knowler WC, Bennett PH, Bogardus C: Insulin resistance and insulin secretory dysfunction as precursors of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: prospective studies of Pima Indians. N Engl J Med 329:1988-1992, 1993
24. Haffner SM, Stern MP, Dunn J, Mobley M, Blackwell J, Bergman RN: Diminished insulin sensitivity and increased insulin response in non-obese, non-diabetic Mexican Americans. Metabolism 39:842-847, 1990
25. Haffner SM, Miettinen H, Stern MP: Insulin secretion and resistance in non-diabetic Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites with a parental history of diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:1846-1851, 1996
26. Groop L, Forsblom C, Lehtovirta M, Tuomi T, Karanko S, Nissén M, Ehrnstrõm B-O, Forsén B, Isomaa B, Snickars B, Taskinen N-R: Metabolic consequences of a family history of NIDDM (the Botnia Study): evidence for sex-specific parental effects. Diabetes 45:1585-1593, 1996
27. Martin BC, Warram JH, Krolewski AS, Bergman RN, Soeldner JS, Kahn CR: Role of glucose and insulin resistance in development of type 2 diabetes mellitus: results of a 25-year follow-up study, Lancet 340:925-929, 1992
28. Svec F, Nastasi K, Hilton C, Bao W, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS: Black-white contrasts in insulin levels during pubertal development: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Diabetes 41:313-317, 1992
29. Arslanian S: Insulin secretion and sensitivity in healthy African-American vs American-white children. Clin Pediatr 37:81-88, 1998
30. Morrison JA, Alfaro MP, Khoury P, Thornton BB, Daniels SR: Determinants of resting energy expenditure in young black girls and young white girls. J Pediatr 129:637-642, 1996
31. Kaplan AS, Zernel BS, Stallings VA: Differences in resting energy expenditure in prepubertal black children and white children. J Pediatr 129:643-647, 1996
32. Arslanian S, Suprasongsin C: Differences in the in vivo insulin secretion and sensitivity of healthy black versus white adolescents. J Pediatr 12:440-443, 1996
33. Freedman DS, Srinivasan SR, Valdez RA, Williamson DF; Berenson GS: Secular increases in relative weight and adiposity among children over two decades: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Pediatrics 99:420-426, 1997
34. Pigon J, Giacca A, Õstenson C-G, Lam L, Vranic M, Efendi S: Normal hepatic insulin sensitivity in lean, mild non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:3702-3708, 1996
35. O'Rahilly S, Turner RC, Matthew D: Impaired pulsatile secretion of insulin in relatives of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. N Engl J Med 318:1225-1230, 1988
36. Phipps K, Barker DJP, Hales CN, Fall CHD, Osmond C, Clark PMS: Fetal growth and impaired glucose tolerance in men and women. Diabetologia 36:225-228, 1993
37. Phillips DIW, Barker DJP, Hales CN, Hirst S, Osmond C: Thinness at birth and insulin resistance in adult life. Diabetologia 37:150-154, 1994
38. Lithell HO, McKeigue PM, Berglund L, Mohsen R, Lithell UB, Leon DA: Relation of size at birth to non-insulin dependent diabetes and insulin concentrations in men aged 50-60 years. BMJ 312:406-410, 1996
39. Curhan GC, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Spiegelman D, Ascherio AL, Stampfer MJ: Birth weight and adult hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity in US men. Circulation 94:3246-3250, 1994
40. Fowden AL: The role of insulin in prenatal growth. J Dev Physiol 12:173-182, 1989
41. DeFronzo RA, Bonadonna RC, Ferrannini E: Pathogenesis of NIDDM: a balanced overview. Diabetes Care 15:318-368, 1992
42. Bell GI, Xiang KS, Newman MV, Wu SH, Wright LG, Fajans SS, Spielman RS, Cox NJ: Gene for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (maturity-onset diabetes of the young) subtype is linked to DNA polymorphism on human chromosome 20q. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88:1484-1488, 1991
43. Velho G, Froguel P, Clement K, Pueyo ME, Rakotoambinina B, Zouali H, Passa P, Cohen D, Robert JJ: Primary pancreatic beta-cell secretory defect caused by mutations in glucokinase gene in kindreds of maturity onset diabetes of the young. Lancet 340:444-448, 1992
44. Froguel P, Zouali H, Vionnet N, Velho G, Vaxillaire M, Sun F, Lesage S, Stoffel M, Takeda J, Passa P, Permutt MA, Beckmaan JS, Bell GI, Cohen D: Familial hyperglycemia due to mutations in glucokinase. Definition of a subtype of diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 328:697-702, 1993
45. Permutt MA, Chiu KC, Tanizawa Y: Glucokinase and NIDDM: a candidate gene that paid off. Diabetes 41:1367-1372, 1992
46. Hattersley AT, Turner RC: Mutations of the glucokinase gene and type 2 diabetes. Q J Med 86:227-232, 1993
47. Lesage S, Hani EH, Philippi A, Vaxillaire M, Hager J, Passa P, Demenais F, Froguel P, Vionnet N: Linkage analysis of the MODY3 locus on chromosome 12q with late-onset MIDDM. Diabetes 44:1243-1247, 1995
48. Menzel S. Yamagata K, Trabb JB, Nerup J, Permutt MA, Fajans S, Menzel R, Iwasaki N, Omori Y, Cox YO, Bell GI: Localization of MODY3 to a 5-cM region of human chromosome 12. Diabetes 44:1408-1413, 1995
49. Yamagata K, Oda N, Kaisaki PJ, Menzel S, Furuta H, Vaxillaire M, Southam L, Cox RD, Lathrop GM, Boriraj VV, Chen X, Cox KJ, Oda Y, Yano H, LeBeau MM, Yamada S, Kishigori H, Takeda J, Fajans SS, Hattersley AT, Iwasaki N, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Polonsky KS, Turner RC, Vellho G, Chèvre J-C, Froguel P, Bell GI: Mutations in the hepatocyte nuclear factor-Iα gene in maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY3). Nature 384:455-458, 1996
50. Yamagata K, Ruruta H, Oda N, Kaisaki PJ, Menzel S, Cox NJ, Fajans SS, Signorini S, Stoffel M, Bell GI: Mutations in the hepatocyte nuclear factor-4-α gene in maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY 1). Mature 384:458-460, 1996
51. Nakamura M, House DV, Winter WE: Novel mutations identified in the glucokinase (GCK) genes of a patient with atypical diabetes mellitus (ADM) of African Americans (Abstract). Diabetes 45 (Suppl. 2):77A, 1996
52. van den Ouweland JM, Lemkes HHPJ, Trembath RC, Ross R, Velho G, Cohen D, Froguel P, Maassen JA: Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness is a distinct subtype of diabetes and associates with a single point mutation in the mitochondnal tRNA 1 cuiUURI gene. Diabetes 43:746-751, 1994
53. Gerbitz K-D, Gempel K, Brdiczka D: Mitochondria and diabetes: genetic, biochemical, and clinical implications of the cellular energy circuit. Diabetes 45:113-126, 1996
54. Sakagashira S, Sanke T, Hanabusa T, Shimomura H, Ohagi S, Kumagaye KY, Nakajima K, Nanjo K: Missense mutation of amylin gene (S20G) in Japanese NIDDM patients. Diabetes 45:1279-1281, 1996
55. Inoue H, Ferrer J, Welling CM, Elbein SC, Huffman M, Mayorga R, Warren-Perry M, Zhang Y, Millns H, Turner R, Province M, Bryan J, Permutt MA, Aguilar-Bryan L: Sequence variants in the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) gene are associated with NIDDM in Caucasians. Diabetes 45:825-831, 1996
56. Hani EH, Clément K, Velho G, Vionnet N, Hager J, Philippi A, Dina C, Inoue H, Permutt MA, Basdevant A, North M, Demenais F, Guy-Grand B, Froguel P: Genetic studies of the sulfonylurea receptor gene locus in NIDDM and in morbid obesity among French Caucasians. Diabetes 46:688-694, 1997
57. Chiu KC, Province MA, Permutt MA: Glucokinase gene is genetic marker for NIDDM in American Blacks. Diabetes 41:843-849, 1992
58. Chiu KC; Province MA, Dowse GK, Zimmet PZ, Wagner G, Serjeantson S, Permutt MA: A genetic marker at the glucokinase gene locus for type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Mauritian Creoles. Diabetologia 35:632-638, 1992
59. Noda K, Matsutani A, Tanizawa Y, Neuman R, Kaneko T, Permutt MA, Kaku K: Polymorphic microsatellite repeat markers at the glucokinase gene locus are positively associated with NIDDM in Japanese. Diabetes 42:1147-1152, 1993
60. McCarthy MI, Hitchins M, Hitman GA, Cassell P, Hawrami K, Morton N, Mohan V, Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Viswanathan M: Positive association in the absence of linkage suggests a minor role for the glucokinase gene in the pathogenesis of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus amongst South Indians. Diabetologia 36:633-641, 1993
61. Bell GI, Horita S, Karam JH: A polymorphic locus near the human insulin gene is associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 33:176-183, 1984
62. Yoshida H, Ohagi S, Sanke T, Furuta H, Furtuta M, Nanjo K: Association of the prohormone convertase 2 gene (PCSK2) on chromosome 20 with NIDDM in Japanese subjects. Diabetes 44:389-393, 1995
63. Xiang K, Cox NJ, Sanz N, Huang P, Karam JH, Bell GI: Insulin-receptor and apolipoprotein genes contribute to development of NIDDM in Chinese Americans. Diabetes 38:17-23, 1989
64. 3-adrenergic-receptor gene. N Engl J Med 333:343-347, 1995
65. Fujisuwa T, Ikegami H, Yamato E, Takekawa K, Nakagawa Y, Hamada Y, Oga T, Ueda H, Shintani M, Fukuda M, Ogihara T: Association of Trp64Arg mutation of the beta3-adrenergic-receptor with NIDDM and body weight gain. Diabetologia 39:349-352, 1996
66. McClain DA, Henry RR, Ullrich A, Olefsky JM: Restriction-fragment length polymorphism in insulin-receptor gene and insulin resistance in NIDDM, Diabetes 37:1071-1075, 1988
67. Raboudi SH, Mitchell BD, Stern MP, Eifler CW, Haffner SM, Hazuda HP, Frazier ML: Type II diabetes mellitus and polymorphism of insulin-receptor gene in Mexican Americans. Diabetes 38:975-980, 1989
68. Stern MP, Mitchell BD, Blangero J, Reinhart L, Krammerer CM, Harrison CR, Shipman PA, O'Connell P, Frazier ML, MacCluer JW: Evidence for a major gene for type II diabetes and linkage analyses with selected candidate genes in Mexican-Americans. Diabetes 45:563-568, 1996
69. Groop LC, Kankuri M, Schalin-Jäntti C, Ekstrand A, Nikula-Ijäs P, Widén E, Kuismanen ESA, Eriksson J, Franssila-Kallunki A, Saloranta C, Koskimies S: Association between polymorphism of the glycogen synthase gene and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 328:10-14, 1993
70. Kuroyama H, Sanke T, Ohagi S, Furuta M, Furuta H, Nanjo K: Simple tandem repeat DNA polymorphism in the human glycogen synthase gene is associated with NIDDM in Japanese subjects. Diabetologia 37:536-539, 1994
71. Hani EH, Zouali H, Philippi A, Beaudoin JC, Vionnet N, Passa P, Demenais F, Froguel P: Indication for genetic linkage of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCKI) gene region on chromosome 20q to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabete Metab 22:451-454, 1996
72. Doria A, Caldwell JS, Ji L, Reynet C, Rich SS, Weremowicz S, Morton CC, Warram JH, Kahn CR, Krolewski AS: Trinucleotide repeats at the rad locus. Allele distributions in NIDDM and mapping to a 3-cM region on chromosome 16q. Diabetes 44:243-247, 1995
73. Vionnet N, Hani EH, Lesage S, Philippi A, Hager J, Varret M, Stoffel M, Tanizawa Y, Chiu KC, Glaser B, Permutt MA, Passa P, Demenais F, Froguel P: Genetics of NIDDM in France: studies with 19 candidate genes in affected sib pairs. Diabetes 46:1062-1068, 1997
74. Elbein SC, Chiu KC, Hoffman MD, Mayorga RA, Bragg KL, Leppert MF: Linkage analysis of 19 candidate regions for insulin resistance in familial NIDDM. Diabetes 44:1259-1265, 1995
75. Elbein SC, Hoffman MD, Mayorga RA, Barrett KL, Leppert M, Hasstedt S: Do non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) share genetic susceptibility loci? An analyst of putative IDDM susceptibility regions in familial NIDDM. Metabolism 46:48-52, 1997
76. Hanis CL, Boerwinkle E, Chakraborty R, Ellsworth DL, Concannon P, Stirling B, Morrison VA, Wapelhorst B, Spielman RS, Gogolin-Ewens KJ, Shephard JM, Williams SR, Risch N, Hinds D, Iwasaki N, Ogata M, Omori Y, Petzold C, Rietzsch H, Schröder HE, Schulze J, Cox NJ, Menzel S, Boriraj VV, Chen X, Lim LR, Lindner T, Mereu LE, Wang YQ, Xiang K, Yamagata K, Yang Y, Bell GI: A genome-wide search for human non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes genes reveals a major susceptibility locus on chromosome 2. Nat Genet 13:161-166, 1996
77. Elbein SC, Bragg KL, Hoffman MD, Mayorga RA, Leppert MF: Linkage studies of NIDDM with 23 chromosome 11 markers in a sample of whites of Northern European descent. Diabetes 45:370-375, 1996
78. Ji L, Malecki M, Warram JH, Yang Y, Rich SS, Krolewski AS: New susceptibility locus for NIDDM is localised to human chromosome 20q. Diabetes 46:876-881, 1997
79. Dunger DB, Ong KKL, Huxtable SJ, Sheriff A, Woods KA, Ahmed ML, Golding J, Pembrey ME, Ring S, the ALSPAC study team, Bennett ST, Todd JA: Association of INS VNTR with size at birth. Nat Genet 19:98-100, 1998
80. Jones KL: Non-insulin dependent diabetes in children and adolescents: the therapeutic challenge. Clin Pediatr 37:103-110, 1998
81. Owada M, Nitadori Y, Kitagawa T: Treatment of NIDDM in youth. Clin Pediatr 37:117-121, 1998
82. Imura H: A novel antidiabetic drug, troglitazone: reason for hope and concern. N Engl J Med 338:908-909, 1998
83. Watkins PB, Whitcomb RW: Hepatic dysfunction associated with troglitazone. N Engl J Med 338:916-917, 1998
84. Cook VV, Hurley JS: Prevention of type 2 diabetes in childhood. Clinical Pediatr 37:123-129, 1998
85. Gochman DS: Some correlates of children's health beliefs and potential health behavior. J Health Soc Behav 12:148-154, 1971
86. Radius SM, Dillman TE, Becker MH, Rosenstock IM, Horvath, WJ: Adolescent perspective on health and illness. Adolescence 15:375-384, 1980
87. Molnar D, Porszasz J: The effect of fasting hyperinsulinemia on physical fitness in obese children. Eur J Pediatr 149:570-573, 1990
88. McNabb WL: Adherence in diabetes: can we define it and can we measure it? Diabetes Care 20:215-218, 1997
89. Teufel NI, Ritenhaugh CK: Development of a primary prevention program: insight gained in the Zuni Diabetes Prevention Program. Clain Pediatr 37:131-141, 1998
90. Macaulay AC, Paradis G, Potvin L, Cross EJ, Saad-Haddad C, McComber A, Desrosiers S, Kirby R, Montour LT, Lamping DL, Leduc N, Rivard M: The Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project: intervention, evaluation and baseline results of a diabetes primary prevention program with a native community in Canada. Prev Med 26:779-790, 1997
91. Stone EJ, Perry CL, Luepker RV: Synthesis on cardiovascular behavioral search for youth health promotion. Health Ed Q 16:155-169, 1989
92. Perry CL, Stone EJ, Parcel GS, Ellison RC, Nader P, Webber LS, Luepker RV: Schoolbased cardiovascular health promotion: the child and adolescent trial for cardiovascular health (CATCH). J School Health 60:406-413, 1990
93. Joe JR: Perceptions of diabetes by Indian adolescents. In Diabetes as a Disease of Civilization: The Impact of Culture Change on Indigenous Peoples. Joe JR, Young RS, Eds. Berlin, Mouton de Gruyter, 1994, p. 329-356