Cytokeratin 15 expression in trichoepitheliomas and a subset of basal cell carcinomas suggests they originate from hair follicle stem cells

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 113-118

  Jih, Debra M ^a   Lyle, Stephen ^a   Elenitsas, Rosalie ^a   Elder, David E ^a   Cotsarelis, George ^a,b  

^a HOSPITAL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYTOKERATIN; OKT 8;

ARTICLE; BASAL CELL CARCINOMA; CANCER SCREENING; CARCINOGENESIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; EPITHELIUM CELL; HAIR FOLLICLE; HISTOGENESIS; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; STEM CELL; TRICHOEPITHELIOMA;

EID: 0032957338     PISSN: 03036987     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.1999.tb01814.x     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. 1. Potten C, Hendry J. Clonogenic cells and stem cells in epidermis. Int J Radiat Biol 1973; 24: 537.
2. 2. Jones PH, Watt FM. Separation of human epidermal stem cells from transit amplifying cells on the basis of differences in integrin function and expression. Cell 1993; 73: 713.
3. 3. Jones PH. Epithelial stem cells. Bioessays 1997; 19: 683.
4. 4. Cotsarelis G, Sun T, Kaur P, Bickenbach J. Epithelial stem cells in the skin. J Exp Dermatol 1998; 8: in press.
5. 5. Miller SJ, Sun TT, Lavker RM. Hair follicles, stem cells, and skin cancer [Review]. J Invest Dermatol 1993; 100: 288S.
6. 6. Cairns J. Mutation selection and the natural history of cancer. Nature 1975; 255: 197.
7. 7. Hansen LA, Tennant RW. Follicular origin of epidermal papillomas in v-ha-ras transgenic tg.ac mouse skin. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 7822.
8. 8. Cotsarelis G, Sun TT, Lavker RM. Label-retaining cells reside in the bulge area of pilosebaccous unit: implications for follicular stem cells, hair cycle, and skin carcinogenesis. Cell 1990; 61: 1329.
9. 9. Lyle S, Christofidou-Solomidon M, Liu Y, Elder DE, Albelda S, Cotsarelis G. The C8/144B monoclonal antibody recognizes cytokeratin 15 and defines the location of hair follicle stem cells. J Cell Sci 1998; 111: 3179.
10. 10. Akiyama M, Dale B, Sun T, Holbrook K. Charaterization of hair follicle bulge in human fetal skin: the human fetal bulge is a pool of undifferentiated keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 1995; 105: 844.
11. 11. Unna PG. Beitrage zur Histologic und Entwicklungsgeschichte der menschlichen Oberhaut und ihrer Anhangsgebilde. Arch mikroskop Anat Entwicklungsmech 1876; 12: 665.
12. 12. Cotsarelis G. The hair follicle: dying for attention. Am J Pathol 1997; 151: 1505.
13. 13. Pinkus H. Multiple hairs. J Inves Dermatol 1951; 17: 291.
14. 14. Zackheim H. Origin of the human basal cell epithelioma. J Invest Dermatol 1963; 40; 283.
15. 15. Schirren C, Worle B, Kind P, Plewig G. A nevoid plaque with histological changes of trichoepithelioma and cylindroma in Brooke-Spiegler syndrome. J Cutan Pathol 1995; 22: 563.
16. 16. Schirren CG, Burgdorf W, Sander CA, Plewig G. Fetal and adult hair follicle. Am J Dermatopathol 1997; 19: 334.
17. 17. Schirren CG, Rutten A, Kaudewitz M, Diaz C, McClain S, Burgdorf W. Trichoblastoma and basal cell carcinoma are neoplasms with follicular differentiation sharing the same profile of cytokeratin intermediate filaments. Am J Dermatopathol 1997; 19: 341.
18. 18. Verhaegh M, Arends J, Majoie I, Hockzema R, Neumann H. Transforming growth factor-beta and bcl-2 distribution patterns distinguish trichoepithelioma from basal cell carcinoma. Dermatol Surg 1997; 23: 695.
19. 19. Headington J. Tumors of the hair follicle. Am J Pathol 1976; 85: 480.
20. 20. Elder D, Elenitsas R, Ragsdale B. Tumors of the epidermal appendages. In: Elder D, Elenitsas R, Jaworsky C, Johnson BJ, eds. Lever's Histopathology of the Skin. Philadelphia: Lippencott-Raven Publishers, 1997; 751.
21. 21. Kyllonen A, Stenback F, Vaananen R. Trichoepitheliomatous tumors: morphology and ultrastructure. J Cutan Pathol 1981; 8: 167.
22. 22. Kopf A. The distribution of alkaline phosphatase in normal and pathologic skin. Arch Dermatol 1957; 75: 1.
23. 23. Asada M, Schaart F, De Almeida HJ, et al. Solid basal cell epithelioma (BCE) possibly originates from the outer root sheath of the hair follicle. Acta Derm Venereol 1993; 73: 286.
24. 24. Kirchmann TT, Prieto VG, Smoller BR. CD34 staining pattern distinguishes basal cell carcinoma from trichoepithelioma. Arch Dermatol 1994; 130: 589.
25. 25. Hartschuh W, Schulz T. Merkel cells are integral constituents of desmoplastic trichoepithelioma: an immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study. J Cutan Pathol 1995; 22: 413.
26. 26. Narisawa Y, Hashimoto K, Nakamura Y, Kohda H. A high concentration of merkel cells in the bulge prior to the attachment of the arrector pili muscle and the formation of the perifollicular nerve plexus in human fetal skin. Arch Dermatol Res 1993; 285: 261.
27. 27. Kim D, Holbrook K. The appearance, density, and distribution of merkel cells in human embryonic and fetal skin: their relationship to sweat gland and hair follicle development. J Invest Dermatol 1995; 104: 411.
28. 28. Moll I. Merkel cell distribution in human hair follicles of the fetal and adult scalp. Cell Tissue Res 1994; 277: 131.
29. 29. Zelickson A. An electron microscope study of the basal cell epithelioma. J Invest Dermatol 1962: 39: 183.
30. 30. Kumakiri M, Hashimoto K. Ultrastructural resemblance of basal cell epithelioma to primary epithelial germ. J Cutan Pathol 1978; 5: 53.
31. 31. Pinkus H. Premalignant fibroepithelial tumors of the skin. Arch Dermatol Syph 1953; 67: 598.
32. 32. Klein C, Hartmann B, Schon M, Weber L, Alberti S. Expression of a 38-kD cell-surface glycoprotein in transformed human keratinocyte cell lines, basal cell carcinomas, and epithelial germs. J Invest Dermatol 1990; 95: 74.
33. 33. Cerroni L, Kerl H. Aberrant bcl-2 protein expression provides a possible mechanism of neoplastic cell growth in cutaneous basal-cell carcinoma. J Cutan Pathol 1994; 398.
34. 34. Stenn KS, Lawrence L, Veis D, Korsmeyer S, Seiberg M. Expression of the bcl-2 protooncogene in the cycling adult mouse hair follicle. J Invest Dermatol 1994; 103: 107.
35. 35. Polakowska R, Piacentini M, Bartlett R, Goldsmith LA, Haake AR. Apoptosis in human skin development: morphogenesis, periderm, and stem cells. Dev Dynamics 1994; 199: 176.
36. 36. Lindner G, Botchkarev VA, Botchkareva NV, Ling G, Van der Veen C, Paus R. Analysis of apoptosis during murine hair follicle regression (catagen). Am J Pathol 1997; 151: 1601.
37. 37. Oto A, Higgins K, Hu Z, Bonifas J, Epstein E, Scott M. Basal cell carcinoma in mice overexpressing sonic hedgehog. Science 1997; 276: 817.
38. 38. Gailani MR, Stahle-Backdahl M, Leffell DJ, et al. The role of the human homologue of Drosophilia patched in sporadic basal cell carcinomas [see comments]. Nat Genetics 1996; 14: 78.
39. 39. Johnson RL, Rothman AL, Xie J, et al. Human homolog of patched, a candidate gene for the basal cell nevus syndrome. Science 1996; 272: 1668.
40. 40. Unden AB, Zaphiropoulos PG, Bruce K, Toftgard R, Stahle-Backdahl M. Human patched, PTCH mRNA is consistently overexpressed in tumor cells of both familial and sporadic basal cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 1997; 57: 2336.
41. 41. Stone DM, Hynes M, Armanini M, et al. The tumour-suppressor gene patched encodes a candidate receptor for Sonic hedgehog. Nature 1996; 384: 129.
42. 42. Marigo V, Davey RA, Zuo Y, Cunningham JM, Tabin CJ, Biochemical evidence that Patched is the Hedgehog receptor. Nature 1996; 384: 176.
43. 43. Bitgood MJ, McMahon AP. Hedgehog and bmp genes are coexpressed at many diverse sites of cell-cell interaction in the mouse embryo. Devel Biol 1995; 172: 126.
44. 44. Iseki S, Araga A, Ohuchi H, et al. Sonic hedgehog is expressed in epithelial cells during development of whisker, hair and tooth. Biochem. Biophys Res Comm 1996; 218: 688.
45. 45. Madsen A. Studies on basal-cell epithelioma of the skin. Acta Pathol Microbiol 1965; 177 (Suppl): 7.
46. 46. Swanson PE, Fitzpatrick MM, Ritter JH, Glusac EJ, Wick MR. Immunohistologic differential diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and trichoepithelioma in small cutaneous biopsy specimens. J Cutan Pathol 1998; 25: 153.
47. 47. McGowan KM, Goulombe PA. Expression of keratin 17 coincides with the definition of major epithelial lineages during mouse skin development. J Cell Biol 1998; 143: in press.
48. 48. Markey AC, Lane EB, MacDonald DM, Leigh IM. Keratin expression in basal cell carcinomas. Br J Dermatol 1992; 126: 154.
49. 49. Ramussen J. A syndrome of trichoepitheliomas, milia and cylindromas. Arch Dermatol 1975; 111: 610.
50. 50. Lloyd C, Yu Q-C, Cheng J, et al. The basal keratin network of stratified squamous epithelia: defining K15 function in the absence of K14. J Cell Biol 1995; 129: 1329.
51. 51. Dahmane N, Lee J, Robins P, Heller P, Ruiz I, Altaba A. Activation of tht transcription factor Glil and the Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway in skin tumours. Nature 1997; 389: 876.
52. 52. Platt KA, Michaud J, Joyuner AL. Expression of the mouse gli and ptc genes is adjacent to embryonic sources of hedgehog signals suggesting a conservation of pathways between flies and mice. Mech Devel 1997; 62: 121.
53. 53. Huitfeldt HS, Heyden A, Clausen OPF, Thrane EV, Roop D, Yuspa SH. Altered regulation of growth and p53 expression of differentiation-associated keratins in benign mouse skin tumors. Carcinogenesis 1991; 12: 2063.
54. 54. Roop DR, Hawley-Nelson P, Cheng CK, Yuspa SH. Expression of keratin genes in mouse epidermis and normal and malignantly transformed epidermal cells in culture. J Invest Dermatol 1983; 81 (Suppl 1): 144S.
55. 55. Smedts F, Ramaekers F, Leube RE, Keijser K, Link M, Vooijs P. Expression of keratins 1, 6, 15, 16, and 20 in normal cervical epithelium, squamous metaplasia, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and cervical carcinoma. Am J Pathol 1993; 142: 403.