메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 83-97

Evidence for genetic drift in endosymbionts (Buchnera): Analyses of protein-coding genes

Author keywords

Buchnera; Codon bias; Drift; Endosymbionts; Population size

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CODON; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; GENE LOCATION; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC DRIFT; GENETIC RECOMBINATION; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PHYLOGENY; PROTEIN ANALYSIS; SYMBIOSIS;

EID: 0032948901     PISSN: 07374038     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026040     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (154)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 0030903283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural selection and the frequency distributions of "silent" DNA polymorphism in Drosophilia
    • AKASHI, H., and S. W. SCHAEFFER. 1997. Natural selection and the frequency distributions of "silent" DNA polymorphism in Drosophilia. Genetics 146:295-307.
    • (1997) Genetics , vol.146 , pp. 295-307
    • Akashi, H.1    Schaeffer, S.W.2
  • 2
    • 0029240197 scopus 로고
    • Molecular analysis of the endosymbionts of tsetse flies: 16S rDNA locus and over-expression of a chaperonin
    • AKSOY, S. 1995. Molecular analysis of the endosymbionts of tsetse flies: 16S rDNA locus and over-expression of a chaperonin. Insect Mol. Biol. 4:23-29.
    • (1995) Insect Mol. Biol. , vol.4 , pp. 23-29
    • Aksoy, S.1
  • 3
    • 0029938306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Codon usage and base composition in Rickettsia prowazekii
    • ANDERSSON, S. G. E., and P. M. SHARP. 1996. Codon usage and base composition in Rickettsia prowazekii. J. Mol. Evol. 42:525-536.
    • (1996) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.42 , pp. 525-536
    • Andersson, S.G.E.1    Sharp, P.M.2
  • 4
    • 0029990946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levels of Buchnera aphidicola chaperonin groEL during growth of the aphid Schizaphis graminum
    • BAUMANN, P., L. BAUMANN, and M. CLARK. 1996. Levels of Buchnera aphidicola chaperonin groEL during growth of the aphid Schizaphis graminum. Curr. Microbiol. 32:279-285.
    • (1996) Curr. Microbiol. , vol.32 , pp. 279-285
    • Baumann, P.1    Baumann, L.2    Clark, M.3
  • 5
    • 0000104624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Buchnera aphidicola: The endosymbiont of aphids
    • BAUMANN, P., L. BAUMANN, M. A. CLARK, and M. L. THAO. 1998a. Buchnera aphidicola: the endosymbiont of aphids. ASM News 64:203-209.
    • (1998) ASM News , vol.64 , pp. 203-209
    • Baumann, P.1    Baumann, L.2    Clark, M.A.3    Thao, M.L.4
  • 6
    • 0028803018 scopus 로고
    • Genetics, physiology, and evolutionary relationships of the genus Buchnera: Intracellular symbionts of aphids
    • BAUMANN, P., L. BAUMANN, C. LAI, D. ROUHBAKHSH, N. MORAN, and M. CLARK. 1995. Genetics, physiology, and evolutionary relationships of the genus Buchnera: intracellular symbionts of aphids. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 49:55-94.
    • (1995) Ann. Rev. Microbiol. , vol.49 , pp. 55-94
    • Baumann, P.1    Baumann, L.2    Lai, C.3    Rouhbakhsh, D.4    Moran, N.5    Clark, M.6
  • 7
    • 0032900069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic characterization of plasmids containing genes encoding enzymes of leucine biosynthesis in endosymbionts (Buchnera) of aphids
    • in press
    • BAUMANN, L., P. BAUMANN, N. A. MORAN, J. SANDSTROM, and M. L. THAO. 1998b. Genetic characterization of plasmids containing genes encoding enzymes of leucine biosynthesis in endosymbionts (Buchnera) of aphids. J. Mol. Evol., in press.
    • (1998) J. Mol. Evol.
    • Baumann, L.1    Baumann, P.2    Moran, N.A.3    Sandstrom, J.4    Thao, M.L.5
  • 8
    • 0030986264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endosymbionts (Buchnera) of the aphid Uroleucon sonchi contain plasmids with trpEG and remnants of trpE pseudogenes
    • BAUMANN, L., M. A. CLARK, D. ROUHBAKHSH, P. BAUMANN, N. A. MORAN, and D. J. VOEGTLIN. 1997. Endosymbionts (Buchnera) of the aphid Uroleucon sonchi contain plasmids with trpEG and remnants of trpE pseudogenes. Curr. Microbiol. 35:18-21.
    • (1997) Curr. Microbiol. , vol.35 , pp. 18-21
    • Baumann, L.1    Clark, M.A.2    Rouhbakhsh, D.3    Baumann, P.4    Moran, N.A.5    Voegtlin, D.J.6
  • 9
    • 0029079867 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of synonymous codon change for an amino acid of arbitrary degeneracy
    • BERG, O. G. 1995. Kinetics of synonymous codon change for an amino acid of arbitrary degeneracy. J. Mol. Evol. 41: 345-352.
    • (1995) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.41 , pp. 345-352
    • Berg, O.G.1
  • 10
    • 0023761756 scopus 로고
    • Transient association of newly synthesized unfolded proteins with the heat-shock GroEL protein
    • BOCHDAREVA, E. S., N. M. LISSEN, and A. S. GIRSHOVICH. 1988. Transient association of newly synthesized unfolded proteins with the heat-shock GroEL protein. Nature 336: 254-257.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.336 , pp. 254-257
    • Bochdareva, E.S.1    Lissen, N.M.2    Girshovich, A.S.3
  • 11
    • 0029060301 scopus 로고
    • Discovery and molecular characterization of a plasmid localized in Buchnera sp. bacterial endosymbiont of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi
    • BRACHO, A. M., D. MARTINEZ-TORRES, A. MOYA, and A. LATORRE. 1995. Discovery and molecular characterization of a plasmid localized in Buchnera sp. bacterial endosymbiont of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi. J. Mol. Evol. 41:67-73.
    • (1995) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.41 , pp. 67-73
    • Bracho, A.M.1    Martinez-Torres, D.2    Moya, A.3    Latorre, A.4
  • 14
    • 0025941139 scopus 로고
    • The selection-mutation-drift theory of synonymous codon usage
    • BULMER, M. 1991. The selection-mutation-drift theory of synonymous codon usage. Genetics 129:897-907.
    • (1991) Genetics , vol.129 , pp. 897-907
    • Bulmer, M.1
  • 15
    • 0026463657 scopus 로고
    • Sequence analysis of an aphid endosymbiont DNA fragment containing rpoB (S-subunit of RNA polymerase) and portions of rplL and rpoC
    • CLARK, M. A., L. BAUMANN, and P. BAUMANN. 1992. Sequence analysis of an aphid endosymbiont DNA fragment containing rpoB (S-subunit of RNA polymerase) and portions of rplL and rpoC. Curr. Microbiol. 25:283-290.
    • (1992) Curr. Microbiol. , vol.25 , pp. 283-290
    • Clark, M.A.1    Baumann, L.2    Baumann, P.3
  • 16
    • 0031935160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence analysis of a 34.7-kb DNA segment from the genome of Buchnera aphidicola (endosymbiont of aphids) containing groEL, dnaA, the atp operon, gidA, and rho
    • _. 1998. Sequence analysis of a 34.7-kb DNA segment from the genome of Buchnera aphidicola (endosymbiont of aphids) containing groEL, dnaA, the atp operon, gidA, and rho. Curr. Microbiol. 36:158-163.
    • (1998) Curr. Microbiol. , vol.36 , pp. 158-163
  • 17
    • 0031933648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional interactions in insect-microbial symbioses: Aphids and their symbiotic bacteria Buchnera
    • DOUGLAS, A. 1998. Nutritional interactions in insect-microbial symbioses: aphids and their symbiotic bacteria Buchnera. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 43:17-37.
    • (1998) Annu. Rev. Entomol. , vol.43 , pp. 17-37
    • Douglas, A.1
  • 18
    • 0025788069 scopus 로고
    • Recombination in E. coli and the definition of biological species
    • DYKHUIZEN, D. E., and L. GREEN. 1993. Recombination in E. coli and the definition of biological species. J. Bacteriol. 173:7257-7268.
    • (1993) J. Bacteriol. , vol.173 , pp. 7257-7268
    • Dykhuizen, D.E.1    Green, L.2
  • 20
    • 0024820705 scopus 로고
    • Reconstitution of active dimeric ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase from an unfolded state depends on two chaperonin proteins and Mg-ATP
    • GOLOUBINOFF, P., J. T. CHRISTELLER, A. A. GATENBY, and G. H. LORIMER. 1989. Reconstitution of active dimeric ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase from an unfolded state depends on two chaperonin proteins and Mg-ATP. Nature 342:884-889.
    • (1989) Nature , vol.342 , pp. 884-889
    • Goloubinoff, P.1    Christeller, J.T.2    Gatenby, A.A.3    Lorimer, G.H.4
  • 21
    • 0024578552 scopus 로고
    • GroE heat-shock proteins promote assembly of foreign prokaryotic ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oligomers in Escherichia coli
    • GOLOUBINOFF, P., A. A. GATENBY, and G. H. LORIMER. 1989. GroE heat-shock proteins promote assembly of foreign prokaryotic ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oligomers in Escherichia coli. Nature 337:44-47.
    • (1989) Nature , vol.337 , pp. 44-47
    • Goloubinoff, P.1    Gatenby, A.A.2    Lorimer, G.H.3
  • 22
    • 0020491327 scopus 로고
    • Codon usage in bacteria: Correlation with gene expressivity
    • GOUY, M., and C. GAUTIER. 1982. Codon usage in bacteria: correlation with gene expressivity. Nucleic Acids Res. 10: 7055-7074.
    • (1982) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.10 , pp. 7055-7074
    • Gouy, M.1    Gautier, C.2
  • 23
    • 0000214606 scopus 로고
    • The predominant protein in an aphid endosymbiont is homologous to an E. coli heat shock protein
    • HARA, E., T. FUKATSU, K. KAKEDA, M. KENGAKU, C. OHTAKA, and H. ISHIKAWA. 1990. The predominant protein in an aphid endosymbiont is homologous to an E. coli heat shock protein. Symbiosis 8:271-283.
    • (1990) Symbiosis , vol.8 , pp. 271-283
    • Hara, E.1    Fukatsu, T.2    Kakeda, K.3    Kengaku, M.4    Ohtaka, C.5    Ishikawa, H.6
  • 24
    • 0000779210 scopus 로고
    • The control of the mycetocyte symbiotes of the aphids Brevicoryne brassicae, Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum rosae
    • HINDE, R. 1971. The control of the mycetocyte symbiotes of the aphids Brevicoryne brassicae, Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum rosae. J. Insect Physiol. 17:1791-1800.
    • (1971) J. Insect Physiol. , vol.17 , pp. 1791-1800
    • Hinde, R.1
  • 25
    • 0019474499 scopus 로고
    • Correlation between the abundance of E. coli transfer RNA's and the occurrence of respective codons in its protein genes
    • IKEMURA, T. 1981. Correlation between the abundance of E. coli transfer RNA's and the occurrence of respective codons in its protein genes. J. Mol. Biol. 146:1-21.
    • (1981) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.146 , pp. 1-21
    • Ikemura, T.1
  • 26
    • 0021958933 scopus 로고
    • Codon usage and tRNA content in unicellular and multicellular organisms
    • _. 1985. Codon usage and tRNA content in unicellular and multicellular organisms. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2:13-34.
    • (1985) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.2 , pp. 13-34
  • 27
    • 0028906291 scopus 로고
    • New methods for estimating the numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions
    • INA, Y. 1995. New methods for estimating the numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions. J. Mol. Evol. 40:190-226.
    • (1995) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.40 , pp. 190-226
    • Ina, Y.1
  • 28
    • 0001202521 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the protein species synthesized in vivo and in vitro by an aphid endosymbiont
    • ISHIKAWA, H. 1984. Characterization of the protein species synthesized in vivo and in vitro by an aphid endosymbiont. Insect Biochem. 14:417-425.
    • (1984) Insect Biochem. , vol.14 , pp. 417-425
    • Ishikawa, H.1
  • 29
    • 34250129701 scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide composition and kinetic complexity of the genomic DNA of an intracellular symbiont in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum
    • _. 1987. Nucleotide composition and kinetic complexity of the genomic DNA of an intracellular symbiont in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. J. Mol. Evol. 24:205-211.
    • (1987) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.24 , pp. 205-211
  • 30
    • 0028217395 scopus 로고
    • Amplification of trpEG: Adaptation of Buchnera aphidicola to an endosymbiotic association with aphids
    • LAI, C. Y., L. BAUMANN, and P. BAUMANN. 1994. Amplification of trpEG: adaptation of Buchnera aphidicola to an endosymbiotic association with aphids. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91(38): 19-23.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , Issue.38 , pp. 19-23
    • Lai, C.Y.1    Baumann, L.2    Baumann, P.3
  • 31
    • 0032515984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deleterious mutations destabilize ribosomal RNA in endosymbiotic bacteria
    • LAMBERT, J. D., and N. A. MORAN. 1998. Deleterious mutations destabilize ribosomal RNA in endosymbiotic bacteria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:4458-4462.
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95 , pp. 4458-4462
    • Lambert, J.D.1    Moran, N.A.2
  • 32
    • 0023064998 scopus 로고
    • Models of nearly neutral mutations with particular implications for nonrandom usage of synonymous codons
    • Li, W. H. 1987. Models of nearly neutral mutations with particular implications for nonrandom usage of synonymous codons. J. Mol. Evol. 24:337-345.
    • (1987) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.24 , pp. 337-345
    • Li, W.H.1
  • 33
    • 0027403961 scopus 로고
    • Unbiased estimation of the rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution
    • _. 1993. Unbiased estimation of the rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution. J. Mol. Evol. 36:96-99.
    • (1993) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.36 , pp. 96-99
  • 37
    • 0029866448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accelerated evolution and Muller's rachet in endosymbiotic bacteria
    • MORAN, N. 1996. Accelerated evolution and Muller's rachet in endosymbiotic bacteria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 2873-2878.
    • (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.93 , pp. 2873-2878
    • Moran, N.1
  • 38
    • 0027976068 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetics of cytoplasmically inherited microorganisms or arthropods
    • MORAN, N., and P. BAUMANN. 1994. Phylogenetics of cytoplasmically inherited microorganisms or arthropods. Trends Ecol. Evol. 9:15-20.
    • (1994) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.9 , pp. 15-20
    • Moran, N.1    Baumann, P.2
  • 39
    • 0029565877 scopus 로고
    • Faster evolutionary rates in endosymbiotic bacteria than in cospeciating insect hosts
    • MORAN, N. A., C. D. VON DOHLEN, and P. BAUMANN. 1995. Faster evolutionary rates in endosymbiotic bacteria than in cospeciating insect hosts. J. Mol. Evol. 41:727-731.
    • (1995) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.41 , pp. 727-731
    • Moran, N.A.1    Von Dohlen, C.D.2    Baumann, P.3
  • 40
    • 0031979388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection on the codon bias of chloroplast and cyanelle genes in different plant and algal line-ages
    • MORTON, B. R. 1998. Selection on the codon bias of chloroplast and cyanelle genes in different plant and algal line-ages. J. Mol. Evol. 46:449-459.
    • (1998) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.46 , pp. 449-459
    • Morton, B.R.1
  • 41
    • 0025949380 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the establishment of aphid-eubacterium endosymbiosis in an ancestor of four aphid families
    • MUNSON, M. A., P. BAUMANN, M. A. CLARK, L. BAUMANN, N. A. MORAN, D. J. VOEGTLIN, and B. C. CAMPBELL. 1991. Evidence for the establishment of aphid-eubacterium endosymbiosis in an ancestor of four aphid families. J. Bacteriol. 173:6321-6324.
    • (1991) J. Bacteriol. , vol.173 , pp. 6321-6324
    • Munson, M.A.1    Baumann, P.2    Clark, M.A.3    Baumann, L.4    Moran, N.A.5    Voegtlin, D.J.6    Campbell, B.C.7
  • 42
    • 0026670564 scopus 로고
    • Testing for equality of evolutionary rates
    • MUSE, S. V., and B. S. WEIR. 1992. Testing for equality of evolutionary rates. Genetics 132:269-275.
    • (1992) Genetics , vol.132 , pp. 269-275
    • Muse, S.V.1    Weir, B.S.2
  • 43
    • 0013596021 scopus 로고
    • The guanine and cytosine content of genomic DNA and bacterial evolution
    • MUTO, A., and S. OSAWA. 1987. The guanine and cytosine content of genomic DNA and bacterial evolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:166-169.
    • (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.84 , pp. 166-169
    • Muto, A.1    Osawa, S.2
  • 44
    • 0015722319 scopus 로고
    • Slightly deleterious mutant substitutions in evolution
    • OHTA, T. 1973. Slightly deleterious mutant substitutions in evolution. Nature 246:96-98.
    • (1973) Nature , vol.246 , pp. 96-98
    • Ohta, T.1
  • 45
    • 0027511228 scopus 로고
    • Accumulation of adenine and thymine in a groE-homologous operon of an intracellular symbiont
    • OHTAKA, C., and H. ISHIKAWA. 1993. Accumulation of adenine and thymine in a groE-homologous operon of an intracellular symbiont. J. Mol. Evol. 36:121-126.
    • (1993) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.36 , pp. 121-126
    • Ohtaka, C.1    Ishikawa, H.2
  • 46
    • 0026596164 scopus 로고
    • Structures of chaperonins from an intracellular symbiont and their functional expression in E. coli groE mutants
    • OHTAKA, C., H. NAKAMURA, and J. ISHIKAWA. 1992. Structures of chaperonins from an intracellular symbiont and their functional expression in E. coli groE mutants. J. Bacteriol. 174:1869-74.
    • (1992) J. Bacteriol. , vol.174 , pp. 1869-1874
    • Ohtaka, C.1    Nakamura, H.2    Ishikawa, J.3
  • 47
    • 0031253628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway in Buchnera (aphid endosymbionts): Studies of plasmid-associated trpEG within the genus Uroleucon
    • ROUHBAKHSH, D., M. A. CLARK, L. BAUMANN, N. A. MORAN, and P. BAUMANN. 1997. Evolution of the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway in Buchnera (aphid endosymbionts): studies of plasmid-associated trpEG within the genus Uroleucon. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 8:167-176.
    • (1997) Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. , vol.8 , pp. 167-176
    • Rouhbakhsh, D.1    Clark, M.A.2    Baumann, L.3    Moran, N.A.4    Baumann, P.5
  • 48
    • 0029901441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The tryptophan biosynthetic pathway of aphid endosymbionts (Buchnera): Genetics and evolution of plasmid-associated anthranilate synthase (trpEG) within the aphididae
    • ROUHBAKHSH, D., C. Y. LAI, C. D. VON DOHLEN, M. A. CLARK, L. BAUMANN, P. BAUMANN, N. A. MORAN, and D. J. VOEGTLIN. 1996. The tryptophan biosynthetic pathway of aphid endosymbionts (Buchnera): genetics and evolution of plasmid-associated anthranilate synthase (trpEG) within the aphididae. J. Mol. Evol. 42:414-421.
    • (1996) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.42 , pp. 414-421
    • Rouhbakhsh, D.1    Lai, C.Y.2    Von Dohlen, C.D.3    Clark, M.A.4    Baumann, L.5    Baumann, P.6    Moran, N.A.7    Voegtlin, D.J.8
  • 49
    • 0001292973 scopus 로고
    • Genetic structure and variation in natural populations of Escherichia coli
    • F. NEIDHARDT, ed. American Society of Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
    • SELANDER, R. K., D. A. CAUGANT, and T. S. WHITTAM. 1987. Genetic structure and variation in natural populations of Escherichia coli. Pp. 1625-1648 in F. NEIDHARDT, ed. Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium: cellular and molecular biology. American Society of Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
    • (1987) Escherichia Coli and Salmonella Typhimurium: Cellular and Molecular Biology , pp. 1625-1648
    • Selander, R.K.1    Caugant, D.A.2    Whittam, T.S.3
  • 50
    • 0023762645 scopus 로고
    • Codon usage patterns in E. coli, B. subtilis, S. cerevisiae, S. pombe, D. melanogaster and H. sapiens: A review of the considerable within-species diversity
    • SHARP, P., E. COWE, D. G. HIGGINS, D. C. SHIELDS, K. H. WOLFE, and F. WRIGHT. 1988. Codon usage patterns in E. coli, B. subtilis, S. cerevisiae, S. pombe, D. melanogaster and H. sapiens: a review of the considerable within-species diversity. Nucleic Acids Res. 16:8207-8211.
    • (1988) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.16 , pp. 8207-8211
    • Sharp, P.1    Cowe, E.2    Higgins, D.G.3    Shields, D.C.4    Wolfe, K.H.5    Wright, F.6
  • 51
    • 0024967181 scopus 로고
    • Codon usage and gene expression level in Dictyostelium discoideum: Highly expressed genes do 'prefer' optimal codons
    • SHARP, P. M., and K. M. DEVINE. 1989. Codon usage and gene expression level in Dictyostelium discoideum: highly expressed genes do 'prefer' optimal codons. Nucleic Acids Res. 17:5029-39.
    • (1989) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.17 , pp. 5029-5039
    • Sharp, P.M.1    Devine, K.M.2
  • 52
    • 0023650543 scopus 로고
    • The codon adaptation index - A measure of directional synonymous codon usage bias, and its potential applications
    • SHARP, P. M., and W. H. LI. 1987. The codon adaptation index - a measure of directional synonymous codon usage bias, and its potential applications. Nucleic Acids Res. 15: 1281-1295.
    • (1987) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.15 , pp. 1281-1295
    • Sharp, P.M.1    Li, W.H.2
  • 53
    • 0023046874 scopus 로고
    • Codon usage in yeast: Cluster analysis clearly differentiates highly and lowly expressed genes
    • SHARP, P., T. M. F. TUOHY, and K. R. MOSURSKI. 1986. Codon usage in yeast: cluster analysis clearly differentiates highly and lowly expressed genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 14:5125-5143.
    • (1986) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.14 , pp. 5125-5143
    • Sharp, P.1    Tuohy, T.M.F.2    Mosurski, K.R.3
  • 54
    • 0025181355 scopus 로고
    • Switches in species-specific codon preferences: The influence of mutation biases
    • SHIELDS, D. C. 1990. Switches in species-specific codon preferences: the influence of mutation biases. J. Mol. Evol. 31: 71-80.
    • (1990) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.31 , pp. 71-80
    • Shields, D.C.1
  • 55
    • 0023652058 scopus 로고
    • Synonymous codon usage in Bacillus subtilis reflects both translational selection and mutational biases
    • SHIELDS, D. C., and P. M. SHARP. 1987. Synonymous codon usage in Bacillus subtilis reflects both translational selection and mutational biases. Nucleic Acids Res. 16:8023-8040.
    • (1987) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.16 , pp. 8023-8040
    • Shields, D.C.1    Sharp, P.M.2
  • 56
    • 0024116811 scopus 로고
    • "Silent" sites in Drosophila genes are not neutral: Evidence of selection among synonymous codons
    • SHIELDS, D. C., P. M. SHARP, D. G. HIGGINS, and F. WRIGHT. 1988. "Silent" sites in Drosophila genes are not neutral: evidence of selection among synonymous codons. Mol. Biol. Evol. 5:704-716.
    • (1988) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.5 , pp. 704-716
    • Shields, D.C.1    Sharp, P.M.2    Higgins, D.G.3    Wright, F.4
  • 57
    • 0013447060 scopus 로고
    • W.H. Freeman and Co., New York
    • SOKAL, R. R., and F. J. ROHLF. 1981. Biometry. W.H. Freeman and Co., New York.
    • (1981) Biometry
    • Sokal, R.R.1    Rohlf, F.J.2
  • 58
    • 0001300503 scopus 로고
    • Correlation between base composition of DNA and amino acid composition of protein
    • SUOEKA, N. 1961. Correlation between base composition of DNA and amino acid composition of protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 47:1141-1149.
    • (1961) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.47 , pp. 1141-1149
    • Suoeka, N.1
  • 60
    • 0030802444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Putative evolutionary origin of plasmids carrying the genes involved in leucine biosynthesis in Buchnera aphidicola
    • VAN HAM, R., A. MOYA, and A. LATORRE. 1997. Putative evolutionary origin of plasmids carrying the genes involved in leucine biosynthesis in Buchnera aphidicola. J. Bacteriol. 179:4768-4777.
    • (1997) J. Bacteriol. , vol.179 , pp. 4768-4777
    • Van Ham, R.1    Moya, A.2    Latorre, A.3
  • 61
    • 0026597059 scopus 로고
    • Codon usage in the G+C-rich Streptomyces genome
    • WRIGHT, F., and M. J. BIBB. 1992. Codon usage in the G+C-rich Streptomyces genome. Gene 113:55-65.
    • (1992) Gene , vol.113 , pp. 55-65
    • Wright, F.1    Bibb, M.J.2
  • 62
    • 0001771498 scopus 로고
    • Evolution in Mendelian populations
    • WRIGHT, S. 1931. Evolution in Mendelian populations. Genetics 16:97-159.
    • (1931) Genetics , vol.16 , pp. 97-159
    • Wright, S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.