Effects of obesity on the cytochrome P450 enzyme system

International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Volumn 37, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 8-19

  Kotlyar, M ^a   Carson, S W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA   (United States)

Author keywords

Clearance; Cytochrome P450; Drug metabolism; Obesity; Pharmacokinetics

Indexed keywords

ALPRAZOLAM; CAFFEINE; CARBAMAZEPINE; CHLORZOXAZONE; CYCLOSPORIN; CYTOCHROME P450 ISOENZYME; DEXFENFLURAMINE; DIAZEPAM; ENFLURANE; ERYTHROMYCIN; HALOTHANE; IBUPROFEN; METHOXYFLURANE; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; MIDAZOLAM; NEBIVOLOL; NORDAZEPAM; PHENYTOIN; SEVOFLURANE; THEOPHYLLINE; TRAZODONE; TRIAZOLAM; WARFARIN;

BIOTRANSFORMATION; DATA ANALYSIS; DRUG EXCRETION; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG TRANSFORMATION; DRUG USE; ENZYME ACTIVITY; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PREVALENCE; REVIEW;

CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM; DATA COLLECTION; HUMANS; ISOENZYMES; OBESITY; PHARMACOKINETICS;

EID: 0032896059     PISSN: 09461965     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (55)

1. Abernethy DR, Greenblatt DJ, Divoll M, Harmatz JS, Shader RI 1981 Alterations in drug distribution and clearance due to obesity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 217:681-685
2. Abernethy DR, Greenblatt DJ, Divoll M, Shader RI 1982 Prolongation of drug half-life due to obesity: studies of desmethyldiazepam (clorazepate). J Pharm Sci 71: 942-944
3. Abernethy DR, Greenblatt DJ, Divoll M, Smith RB, Shader RI 1984 The influence of obesity on the pharmacokinetics of oral alprazolam and triazolam. Clin Pharmacokinet 9: 177-83
4. Abernethy DR, Todd EL, Schwartz JB 1985a Caffeine disposition in obesity. Br J Clin Pharmacol 20: 61-66
5. Abernethy DR, Greenblatt DJ 1985b Phenytoin disposition in obesity. Determination of a loading dose. Arch Neurol 42: 468-71
6. Abernethy DR, Greenblatt DJ 1985c Ibuprofen disposition in obese individuals. Arthritis Rheum 28: 1117-1121
7. Anonymous 1998a New warnings issued for bromfenac, astemizole. Am J Health Syst Pharm 55: 526
8. Anonymous 1998b HMR Seldane family to be discontinued Feb. 1 following approval of Seldane D successor Allegra D HMR will not withdraw terfenadine NDA. FDC Reports - Pink Sheet 60: 5-6
9. Benet L, Kroetz DL, Sheiner LB 1996 Pharmacokinetics. The dynamics of drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. In: Hardman JG, Limbird LE (ed) Goodman and Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 3-28
10. Bentley JB, Vaughan RW, Miller MS, Calkins JM, Gandolfi AJ 1979 Serum inorganic fluoride levels in obese patients during and after enflurane anesthesia. Anesth Analg 58: 409-412
11. Bentley JB, Vaughan RW, Gandolfi AJ, Cork RC 1982 Halothane biotransformation in obese and nonobese patients. Anesthesiology 57: 94-7
12. Bjorntorp P 1997 Obesity. Lancet 350: 423-26
13. Blouin RA, Elgert JF, Bauer M 1980 Theophylline clearance: effect of marked obesity. Clin Pharmacol Ther 28: 619-623
14. Caraco Y, Zylber-Katz E, Berry EM, Levy M 1992 Significant weight reduction in obese subjects enhances carbamazepine elimination. Clin Pharmacol Ther 51: 501-506
15. Caraco Y, Zylber-Katz E, Berry EM, Levy M 1995a Carbamazepine pharmacokinetics in obese and lean subjects. Ann Pharmacother 29: 843-847
16. Caraco Y, Zylber-Katz E, Berry EM, Levy M 1995b Caffeine pharmacokinetics in obesity and following significant weight reduction. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 19: 234-239
17. Cheymol G, Weissenburger J, Poirier JM, Gellee C 1995 The pharmacokinetics of dexfenfluramine in obese and non-obese subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 39: 684-687
18. Cheymol G, Poirier JM, Carrupt PA, Testa B, Weissenburger S, Levron JC, Snoeck E 1997 Pharmacokinetics of β-adrenoceptor blockers in obese and normal volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 43: 563-570
19. Dunn TE, Ludwig EA, Slaughter RL, Camara DS, Jusko WJ 1991 Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methylprednisolone in obesity. Clin Pharmacol Ther 49: 536-549
20. Flechner SM, Kolbeinsson ME, Tam J, Lum B 1989 The impact of body weight on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in renal transplant recipients. Transplantation 47: 806-810
21. Flockhart DA 1995 Drug interactions and the cytochrome P450 system: The role of cytochrome P450 2C19. Clin Pharmacokinet 29 (Suppl 1): 45-52
22. Frink EJ, Malan TP, Brown EA, Morgan S, Brown BR 1993 Plasma inorganic fluoride levels with sevoflurane anesthesia in morbidly obese and nonobese patients. Anesth Analg 76: 1333-1337
23. Gal P, Jusko WJ, Yurchak AM, Franklin BA 1978 Theophylline disposition in obesity. Clin Pharmacol Ther 23: 438-444
24. Greenblatt DJ, Abernethy DR, Locniskar A, Harmatz JS, Limjuco RA, Shader RI 1984 Effect of age, gender, and obesity on midazolam kinetics. Anesthesiology 61: 27-35
25. Greenblatt DJ, Friedman H, Burstein ES, Scavone JM, Blyden GT, Ochs HR, Miller LG, Harmatz JS, Shader RI 1987 Trazodone kinetics: effect of age, gender, and obesity. Clin Pharmacol Ther 42: 193-200
26. Gross AS, Phillips AC, Rieutord A, Shenfield GM 1996 The influence of the sparteine/debrisoquine genetic polymorphism on the disposition of dexfenfluramine. Br J Clin Pharmacol 41: 311-317
27. Hamman MA, Thompson GA, Hall SD 1997 Regioselective and stereoselective metabolism of ibuprofen by human cytochrome P450 2C. Biochem Pharmacol 54: 33-41
28. Ha HR, Chen J, Freiburghaus AU, Follath F 1995 Metabolism of theophylline by cDNA-expressed human cytochrome P-450. Br J Clin Pharmacol 39: 321-326
29. Higuchi H, Satoh T, Arimura S, Kanno M, Endoh R 1993 Serum inorganic fluoride levels in mildly obese patients during and after sevoflurane anesthesia. Anesth Analg 77: 1018-1021
30. Hunt CM, Westerkam WR, Stave GM, Wilson JAP 1992a Hepatic cytochrome P4503A (CYP3A) activity in the elderly. Mech Ageing Dev 64: 189-199
31. Hunt CM, Watkins PB, Saenger P, Stave GM, Barlascini N, Watlington CO, Wright JT, Guzelian PS 1992b Heterogeneity of CYP3A isoforms metabolizing erythromycin and cortisol. Clin Pharmacol Ther 51: 18-23
32. Jusko WJ, Gardner MJ, Mangione A, Schentag JJ, Koup JR, Vance JW 1979 Factors affecting theophylline clearances: Age, tobacco, marijuana, cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, obesity, oral contraceptives, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and ethanol. J Pharm Sci 68: 1358-1366
33. Kharasch ED, Thummel KE, Mhyre J, Lillibridge JH 1993a Single-dose disulfiram inhibition of chlorzoxazone metabolism: A clinical probe for P450 2E1. Clin Pharmacol Ther 53: 643-650
34. Kharasch ED, Thummel KE 1993b Identification of cytochrome P4502E1 as the predominant enzyme catalyzing human liver microsomal defluorination of sevoflurane, isoflurane, and methoxyflurane. Anesthesiology 79: 795-807
35. Kharasch ED, Hankins D, Mautz D, Thummel KE 1996 Identification of the enzyme responsible for oxidative halothane metabolism: implications for prevention of halothane hepatitis. Lancet 347: 1367-1371
36. Kuranari M, Chiba S, Ashikari Y, Kodama Y, Sakata T, Takeyama M 1996 Clearance of phenytoin and valproic acid is affected by a small body weight reduction in an epileptic obese patient: a case study. J Clin Pharm Ther 21: 83-87
37. Michalets EL 1998 Update: Clinically significant cytochrome P-450 drug interactions. Pharmacotherapy 18: 84-112
38. Miller MS, Gandolfi AJ, Vaughan RW, Bentley JB 1980 Disposition of enflurane in obese patients. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 215: 292-296
39. Milsap RL, Plaisance KI, Jusko WJ 1984 Prednisolone disposition in obese men. Clin Pharmacol Ther 36: 824-831
40. Nemeroff CB, DeVane CL, Pollock BG 1996 Newer antidepressants and the cytochrome P450 system. Am J Psychiatry 153:311-320
41. Ono S, Hatanaka T, Miyazawa S, Tsutsui M, Aoyama T, Gonzalez FJ, Satoh T 1996 Human liver microsomal diazepam metabolism using cDNA-expressed cytochrome P450s: role of CYP2B6, 2C19 and the 3A subfamily. Xenobiotica 26: 1155-1166
42. O'Shea D, DavisSN, Kim RB, Wilkinson GR 1994 Effect of fasting and obesity in humans on the 6-hydroxylation of chlorzoxazone: a putative probe of CYP2E1 activity. Clin Pharmacol Ther 56: 359-367
43. Parkinson A 1996 Biotransformation of xenobiotics. In: Klaassen CD (ed) Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. The Basic Science of Poisons. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 113-186
44. Quesenberry CP, Caan B, Jacobson A 1998 Obesity, health services use, and health care costs among members of a health maintenance organization. Arch Intern Med 158: 466-472
45. Rankin AC 1997 Non-sedating antihistamines and cardiac arrhythmia. Lancet 350: 1115-1116
46. Rendic S, DiCarlo FJ 1997 Human cytochrome P450 enzymes: a status report summarizing their reactions, substrates, inducers, and inhibitors. Drug Metab Rev 29: 413-580
47. Rosenbaum M, Leibel RL, Hirsch J 1997 Medical progress: Obesity. N Engl J Med 337: 396-407
48. Slaughter RL, Lanc RA 1983 Theophylline clearance in obese patients in relation to smoking and congestive heart failure. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 17: 274-276
49. Thummel KE, Kharasch ED, Podoll T, Kunze K 1993 Human liver microsomal enflurane defluorination catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 2E1. Drug Metab Dispos 21: 350-357
50. Von Moltke LL, Greenblatt DJ, Harmatz JS, Duan SX, Harrel LM, Cotreau-Bibbo MM, Pritchard GA, Wright CE, Shader RI 1996 Triazolam biotransformation by human liver microsomes in vitro: Effects of metabolic inhibitors and clinical confirmation of a predicted interaction with ketoconazole. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 276: 370-379
51. Watkins PB, Murray SA, Winkelman LG, Heuman DM, Wrighton SA, Guzelian PS 1989 The erythromycin breath test as an assay of glucocorticoid-inducible liver cytochromes P-450. J Clin Invest 83: 688-697
52. Yamashita SK, Ludwig EA, Middleton E, Jusko WJ 1991 Lack of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between ketoconazole and prednisolone. Clin Pharmacol Ther 49: 558-570
53. Yasui N, Otani K, Kaneko S, Ohkubo T, Osanai T, Ishida M, Mihara K, Kondo T, Sugawara K, Fukushima Y 1995 Inhibition of trazodone metabolism by thioridazine in humans. Ther Drug Monit 17: 333-335
54. Yasui N, Otani K, Kaneko S, Ohkubo T, Osanai T, Sugawara K, Chiba K, Ishizaki T 1996 A kinetic and dynamic study of oral alprazolam with and without erythromycin in humans: In vivo evidence for the involvement of CYP3A4 in alprazolam metabolism. Clin Pharmacol Ther 59: 514-519
55. Young SR, Stoelting RK, Peterson C, Madura JA 1975 Anesthetic biotransformation and renal function in obese patients during and after methoxyflurane or halothane anesthesia. Anesthesiology 42: 451-457