메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 14-24

Mechanism of immunosuppression of the antirheumatic herb TWHf in human T cells

Author keywords

Apoptosis; Herb; Immunosuppression; Mechanism; T cells

Indexed keywords

ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENT; CD3 ANTIGEN; CD4 ANTIGEN; CD40 ANTIGEN; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYCLOSPORIN A; DNA FRAGMENT; ENDONUCLEASE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; INTERLEUKIN 2; INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR; IONOMYCIN; PHORBOL 13 ACETATE 12 MYRISTATE; PREDNISOLONE; T LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTOR; TRIPTERYGIUM WILFORDII EXTRACT; TRYPAN BLUE;

EID: 0032891801     PISSN: 0315162X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (54)

References (59)
  • 1
    • 0030939874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A potential new treatment for rheumatoid arthritis: Thunder god vine
    • Lipsky PE, Tao X-L. A potential new treatment for rheumatoid arthritis: thunder god vine. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1997;26:713-23.
    • (1997) Semin Arthritis Rheum , vol.26 , pp. 713-723
    • Lipsky, P.E.1    Tao, X.-L.2
  • 3
    • 0015494046 scopus 로고
    • Triptolide and tripdiolide, novel antileukemic diterpenoid triepoxides from Tripterygium wilfordii
    • Kupchan SM, Court WA, Dailey RG, Gilmore JC, Bryan RF. Triptolide and tripdiolide, novel antileukemic diterpenoid triepoxides from Tripterygium wilfordii. J Am Chem Soc 1972;94:7194-5.
    • (1972) J Am Chem Soc , vol.94 , pp. 7194-7195
    • Kupchan, S.M.1    Court, W.A.2    Dailey, R.G.3    Gilmore, J.C.4    Bryan, R.F.5
  • 4
    • 0016255753 scopus 로고
    • A biomimetic reaction of the antileukemic triptolides?
    • Kupchan SM, Schubert RM. A biomimetic reaction of the antileukemic triptolides? Science 1974;185:791-2.
    • (1974) Science , vol.185 , pp. 791-792
    • Kupchan, S.M.1    Schubert, R.M.2
  • 5
    • 0028962950 scopus 로고
    • The identity of immunosuppressive components of the ethyl acetate extract and chloroform methanol extract (T2) of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F
    • Tao X-L, Cai JJ, Lipsky PE. The identity of immunosuppressive components of the ethyl acetate extract and chloroform methanol extract (T2) of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. J Pharm Exp Ther 1995;272:1305-12.
    • (1995) J Pharm Exp Ther , vol.272 , pp. 1305-1312
    • Tao, X.-L.1    Cai, J.J.2    Lipsky, P.E.3
  • 6
    • 0030898022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of traditional antirheumatic herbal medicines on immune response cells
    • Chang D-M, Chang W-Y, Kuo S-Y, Chang M-L. The effects of traditional antirheumatic herbal medicines on immune response cells. J Rheumatol 1997;24:436-41.
    • (1997) J Rheumatol , vol.24 , pp. 436-441
    • Chang, D.-M.1    Chang, W.-Y.2    Kuo, S.-Y.3    Chang, M.-L.4
  • 7
    • 0025944587 scopus 로고
    • Effect of an extract of the Chinese herbal remedy Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F on human immune responsiveness
    • Tao X-L, Davis LS, Lipsky PE. Effect of an extract of the Chinese herbal remedy Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F on human immune responsiveness. Arthritis Rheum 1991;34:1274-81.
    • (1991) Arthritis Rheum , vol.34 , pp. 1274-1281
    • Tao, X.-L.1    Davis, L.S.2    Lipsky, P.E.3
  • 8
    • 0030970556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of T cells in the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis
    • Fox DA. The role of T cells in the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1997;40:598-609.
    • (1997) Arthritis Rheum , vol.40 , pp. 598-609
    • Fox, D.A.1
  • 9
    • 0030991059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biologic agents for treating rheumatoid arthritis
    • Moreland LW, Heck LW, Koopman WJ. Biologic agents for treating rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1997;40:397-409.
    • (1997) Arthritis Rheum , vol.40 , pp. 397-409
    • Moreland, L.W.1    Heck, L.W.2    Koopman, W.J.3
  • 10
    • 0029022389 scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy with cyclosporin and methotrexate in severe rheumatoid arthritis
    • Tugwell P, Pincus T, Yocum D, et al. Combination therapy with cyclosporin and methotrexate in severe rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 1995;333:137-41.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 137-141
    • Tugwell, P.1    Pincus, T.2    Yocum, D.3
  • 11
    • 85056958161 scopus 로고
    • FK-506, and rapamycin: Pharmacologic probes of lymphocyte signal transduction
    • Sigal NH, Dumont FJ, Cyclosporin A, FK-506, and rapamycin: pharmacologic probes of lymphocyte signal transduction. Annu Rev Immunol 1992;67:31-40.
    • (1992) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.67 , pp. 31-40
    • Sigal, N.H.1    Dumont, F.J.2    Cyclosporin, A.3
  • 12
    • 0027527305 scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporin A and FK506: Molecular mechanisms of immunosuppression and probes for transplantation biology
    • Bierer BE, Hollander G, Fruman D, Burakoff SJ. Cyclosporin A and FK506: molecular mechanisms of immunosuppression and probes for transplantation biology. Curr Opin Immunol 1993;5:763-73.
    • (1993) Curr Opin Immunol , vol.5 , pp. 763-773
    • Bierer, B.E.1    Hollander, G.2    Fruman, D.3    Burakoff, S.J.4
  • 13
    • 0028019261 scopus 로고
    • The effect of CD28 signal transduction on c-Rel in human peripheral blood T cells
    • Bryan RG, Li Y, Lai J-H, et al. The effect of CD28 signal transduction on c-Rel in human peripheral blood T cells. Mol Cell Biol 1994;14:7933-42.
    • (1994) Mol Cell Biol , vol.14 , pp. 7933-7942
    • Bryan, R.G.1    Li, Y.2    Lai, J.-H.3
  • 14
    • 0025932984 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis: Mechanism and roles in pathology
    • Arends MJ, Wyllie AH. Apoptosis: mechanism and roles in pathology. Int Rev Exp Pathol 1991;32:223-54.
    • (1991) Int Rev Exp Pathol , vol.32 , pp. 223-254
    • Arends, M.J.1    Wyllie, A.H.2
  • 15
    • 0025726216 scopus 로고
    • A rapid and simple method for measuring thymocyte apoptosis by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry
    • Nicoletti I, Migliorati G, Pagliacci MC, Grignani F, Riccardi C. A rapid and simple method for measuring thymocyte apoptosis by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods 1991;139:271-9.
    • (1991) J Immunol Methods , vol.139 , pp. 271-279
    • Nicoletti, I.1    Migliorati, G.2    Pagliacci, M.C.3    Grignani, F.4    Riccardi, C.5
  • 17
    • 0018830636 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis is associated with endogenous endonuclease activation
    • Wyllie AH. Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis is associated with endogenous endonuclease activation. Nature 1980;284:555-6.
    • (1980) Nature , vol.284 , pp. 555-556
    • Wyllie, A.H.1
  • 18
    • 0021346318 scopus 로고
    • Chromatin cleavage in apoptosis: Association with condensed chromatin morphology and dependence on macromolecular synthesis
    • Wyllie AH, Morris RG, Smith AL, Dunlop D. Chromatin cleavage in apoptosis: association with condensed chromatin morphology and dependence on macromolecular synthesis. J Pathol 1984;142:67-77.
    • (1984) J Pathol , vol.142 , pp. 67-77
    • Wyllie, A.H.1    Morris, R.G.2    Smith, A.L.3    Dunlop, D.4
  • 19
    • 0030584787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD45 ligation induces programmed cell death in T and B lymphocytes
    • Klaus SJ, Sidorenko SP, Clark EA. CD45 ligation induces programmed cell death in T and B lymphocytes. J Immunol 1996;156:2743-53.
    • (1996) J Immunol , vol.156 , pp. 2743-2753
    • Klaus, S.J.1    Sidorenko, S.P.2    Clark, E.A.3
  • 20
    • 0028938366 scopus 로고
    • The target cell nucleus is not required for cell-mediated granzyme-or Fas-based cytotoxicity
    • Nakajima H, Golstein P, Henkart PA. The target cell nucleus is not required for cell-mediated granzyme-or Fas-based cytotoxicity. J Exp Med 1995;181:1905-9.
    • (1995) J Exp Med , vol.181 , pp. 1905-1909
    • Nakajima, H.1    Golstein, P.2    Henkart, P.A.3
  • 21
  • 22
    • 0026788002 scopus 로고
    • Key morphological features of apoptosis may occur in the absence of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation
    • Cohen GM, Sun X, Snowden RT, Dinsdale D, Skilleter DN. Key morphological features of apoptosis may occur in the absence of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Biochem J 1992;286:331-4.
    • (1992) Biochem J , vol.286 , pp. 331-334
    • Cohen, G.M.1    Sun, X.2    Snowden, R.T.3    Dinsdale, D.4    Skilleter, D.N.5
  • 23
    • 0021958592 scopus 로고
    • Early steps of lymphocyte activation bypass by synergy between calcium ionophores and phorbol ester
    • Truneh A, Albert F, Golstein P, Schmitt-Verhulst A-M. Early steps of lymphocyte activation bypass by synergy between calcium ionophores and phorbol ester. Nature 1985;313:318-20.
    • (1985) Nature , vol.313 , pp. 318-320
    • Truneh, A.1    Albert, F.2    Golstein, P.3    Schmitt-Verhulst, A.-M.4
  • 24
    • 0027970168 scopus 로고
    • CD28 signaling causes a sustained down-regulation of IκBα which can be prevented by the immunosuppressant rapamycin
    • Lai J-H, Tan T-H. CD28 signaling causes a sustained down-regulation of IκBα which can be prevented by the immunosuppressant rapamycin. J Biol Chem 1994;269:30077-80.
    • (1994) J Biol Chem , vol.269 , pp. 30077-30080
    • Lai, J.-H.1    Tan, T.-H.2
  • 26
    • 0029814079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD28: A signalling perspective
    • Ward SG. CD28: a signalling perspective. Biochemical J 1996;31:361-77.
    • (1996) Biochemical J , vol.31 , pp. 361-377
    • Ward, S.G.1
  • 27
    • 0029887904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increase of intracellular calcium is the essential signal for the expression of CD40 ligand
    • Nusslein HG, Frosch K-H, Woith W, Lane P, Kalden JR, Manger B. Increase of intracellular calcium is the essential signal for the expression of CD40 ligand. Eur J Immunol 1996;26:846-50.
    • (1996) Eur J Immunol , vol.26 , pp. 846-850
    • Nusslein, H.G.1    Frosch, K.-H.2    Woith, W.3    Lane, P.4    Kalden, J.R.5    Manger, B.6
  • 28
    • 0000351142 scopus 로고
    • Activators of protein kinase C down-regulate and phosphorylate the T3/T-cell antigen receptor complex of human T lymphocytes
    • Cantrell DA, Davies AA, Crumpton MJ. Activators of protein kinase C down-regulate and phosphorylate the T3/T-cell antigen receptor complex of human T lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1985;82:8158-62.
    • (1985) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.82 , pp. 8158-8162
    • Cantrell, D.A.1    Davies, A.A.2    Crumpton, M.J.3
  • 29
    • 0023036903 scopus 로고
    • Rapid phosphorylation and modulation of the T4 antigen on cloned helper T cells induced by phorbol myristate acetate or antigen
    • Acres RB, Conlon PJ, Mochizuki DY, Gallis B. Rapid phosphorylation and modulation of the T4 antigen on cloned helper T cells induced by phorbol myristate acetate or antigen. J Biol Chem 1986;261:16210-4.
    • (1986) J Biol Chem , vol.261 , pp. 16210-16214
    • Acres, R.B.1    Conlon, P.J.2    Mochizuki, D.Y.3    Gallis, B.4
  • 30
    • 0030947095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Programmed cell death in animal development
    • Jacobson MD, Weil M, Raff MC. Programmed cell death in animal development. Cell 1997;88:347-54.
    • (1997) Cell , vol.88 , pp. 347-354
    • Jacobson, M.D.1    Weil, M.2    Raff, M.C.3
  • 31
    • 0030892234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis by death factor
    • Nagata S. Apoptosis by death factor. Cell 1997;88:355-65.
    • (1997) Cell , vol.88 , pp. 355-365
    • Nagata, S.1
  • 32
    • 0023612470 scopus 로고
    • Gene induction by gamma-irradiation leads to DNA fragmentation in lymphocytes
    • Sellins KS, Cohen JJ. Gene induction by gamma-irradiation leads to DNA fragmentation in lymphocytes. J Immunol 1987;139:3199-206.
    • (1987) J Immunol , vol.139 , pp. 3199-3206
    • Sellins, K.S.1    Cohen, J.J.2
  • 33
    • 0028916863 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis and functional Fas antigen in rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes
    • Nakajima K, Aono H, Hasunuma T, et al. Apoptosis and functional Fas antigen in rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes. Arthritis Rheum 1995;38:485-91.
    • (1995) Arthritis Rheum , vol.38 , pp. 485-491
    • Nakajima, K.1    Aono, H.2    Hasunuma, T.3
  • 34
    • 0028036918 scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune diseases: A problem of defective apoptosis
    • Mountz JD, Wu J, Cheng J, Zhou T. Autoimmune diseases: a problem of defective apoptosis. Arthritis Rheum 1994;37:1415-20.
    • (1994) Arthritis Rheum , vol.37 , pp. 1415-1420
    • Mountz, J.D.1    Wu, J.2    Cheng, J.3    Zhou, T.4
  • 35
    • 0021367846 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid activation of a calcium-dependent endonuclease in the thymocyte leads to cell death
    • Cohen JJ, Duke RC. Glucocorticoid activation of a calcium-dependent endonuclease in the thymocyte leads to cell death. J Immunol 1984;132:38-42.
    • (1984) J Immunol , vol.132 , pp. 38-42
    • Cohen, J.J.1    Duke, R.C.2
  • 36
    • 1842289274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of apoptosis in peripheral blood lymphocytes following treatment in vitro with hydroxychloroquine
    • Meng XW, Feller JM, Ziegler JB, Pittman SM, Ireland CM. Induction of apoptosis in peripheral blood lymphocytes following treatment in vitro with hydroxychloroquine. Arthritis Rheum 1997;40:927-35.
    • (1997) Arthritis Rheum , vol.40 , pp. 927-935
    • Meng, X.W.1    Feller, J.M.2    Ziegler, J.B.3    Pittman, S.M.4    Ireland, C.M.5
  • 37
    • 0029117289 scopus 로고
    • Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs cause apoptosis and induce cyclooxygenases in chicken embryo fibroblasts
    • Lu X-J, Xie W-L, Reed D, Bradshaw WS, Simmons DL. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs cause apoptosis and induce cyclooxygenases in chicken embryo fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;92:7961-5.
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.92 , pp. 7961-7965
    • Lu, X.-J.1    Xie, W.-L.2    Reed, D.3    Bradshaw, W.S.4    Simmons, D.L.5
  • 38
    • 0029940573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Chinese herbal remedy, T2, inhibits mitogen-induced cytokine gene transcription by T cells, but not initial signal transduction
    • Tao XL, Davis LS, Hashimoto K, Lipsky PE. The Chinese herbal remedy, T2, inhibits mitogen-induced cytokine gene transcription by T cells, but not initial signal transduction. J Pharm Exp Ther 1996;276:316-25.
    • (1996) J Pharm Exp Ther , vol.276 , pp. 316-325
    • Tao, X.L.1    Davis, L.S.2    Hashimoto, K.3    Lipsky, P.E.4
  • 39
    • 0344620393 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative determination of triptolide in common threewingnut (Tripterygium wilfordii) in different seasons and parts
    • Cheng ZZ, Fang H. Quantitative determination of triptolide in common threewingnut (Tripterygium wilfordii) in different seasons and parts. Chin Trad Herb Drugs 1986;17:12-3.
    • (1986) Chin Trad Herb Drugs , vol.17 , pp. 12-13
    • Cheng, Z.Z.1    Fang, H.2
  • 40
    • 0030972756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporin A but not FK506 inhibits thyroid hormone-induced apoptosis in tadpole intestinal epithelium
    • Su Y, Shi Y-F, Shi Y-B. Cyclosporin A but not FK506 inhibits thyroid hormone-induced apoptosis in tadpole intestinal epithelium. FASEB J 1997;11:559-65.
    • (1997) FASEB J , vol.11 , pp. 559-565
    • Su, Y.1    Shi, Y.-F.2    Shi, Y.-B.3
  • 41
    • 2642631745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the immunosuppressive drugs CsA and FK506 on intracellular signalling and gene regulation
    • Rühlmann A. Nordheim A. Effects of the immunosuppressive drugs CsA and FK506 on intracellular signalling and gene regulation. Immunobiol 1997;198:192-206.
    • (1997) Immunobiol , vol.198 , pp. 192-206
    • Rühlmann, A.1    Nordheim, A.2
  • 42
    • 0029000938 scopus 로고
    • ReIA is a potent transcriptional activator of the CD28 response element within the interleukin 2 promoter
    • Lai J-H, Horvath G, Subleski J, Bruder J, Ghosh P, Tan T-H. ReIA is a potent transcriptional activator of the CD28 response element within the interleukin 2 promoter. Moll Cell Biol 1995;15:4260-71.
    • (1995) Moll Cell Biol , vol.15 , pp. 4260-4271
    • Lai, J.-H.1    Horvath, G.2    Subleski, J.3    Bruder, J.4    Ghosh, P.5    Tan, T.-H.6
  • 43
    • 0030176384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upstream-downstream: CD28 signaling pathways and T cell function
    • Rudd CE. Upstream-downstream: CD28 signaling pathways and T cell function. Immunity 1996;4:527-34.
    • (1996) Immunity , vol.4 , pp. 527-534
    • Rudd, C.E.1
  • 44
    • 0028483990 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of murine lupus with CTLA41g
    • Finck BK, Linsley PS, Wofsy D. Treatment of murine lupus with CTLA41g. Science 1994;265:1225-7.
    • (1994) Science , vol.265 , pp. 1225-1227
    • Finck, B.K.1    Linsley, P.S.2    Wofsy, D.3
  • 45
    • 0026738641 scopus 로고
    • Long-term survival of xenogeneic pancreatic islet grafts induced by CTLA41g
    • Lenschow DJ, Zeng Y, Thistlethwaite JR, et al. Long-term survival of xenogeneic pancreatic islet grafts induced by CTLA41g. Science 1992;257:789-92.
    • (1992) Science , vol.257 , pp. 789-792
    • Lenschow, D.J.1    Zeng, Y.2    Thistlethwaite, J.R.3
  • 46
    • 0029864501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blockade of T-cell costimulation prevents development of experimental chronic renal allograft rejection
    • Azumu H, Chandraker A, Nadeau K, et al. Blockade of T-cell costimulation prevents development of experimental chronic renal allograft rejection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:12439-44.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 12439-12444
    • Azumu, H.1    Chandraker, A.2    Nadeau, K.3
  • 47
    • 0031571215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD28-B7 T cell costimulatory blockade by CTLA41g in sensitized rat recipients
    • Onodera K, Chandraker A, Schaub M, et al. CD28-B7 T cell costimulatory blockade by CTLA41g in sensitized rat recipients. J Immunol 1997;159:1711-7.
    • (1997) J Immunol , vol.159 , pp. 1711-1717
    • Onodera, K.1    Chandraker, A.2    Schaub, M.3
  • 49
    • 0027424954 scopus 로고
    • Anti-CD28 antibody-and IL-4-induced human T cell proliferation is sensitive to rapamycin
    • Luo H, Chen H, Daloze P, St. Louis G, Wu J. Anti-CD28 antibody-and IL-4-induced human T cell proliferation is sensitive to rapamycin. Clin Exp Immunol 1993;94:371-6.
    • (1993) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.94 , pp. 371-376
    • Luo, H.1    Chen, H.2    Daloze, P.3    St Louis, G.4    Wu, J.5
  • 50
    • 0025977970 scopus 로고
    • The effect of the immunosuppressant FK-506 on alternate pathways of T cell activation
    • Bierer BE, Schreiber SL, Burakoff SJ. The effect of the immunosuppressant FK-506 on alternate pathways of T cell activation. Eur J Immunol 1991;21:439-45.
    • (1991) Eur J Immunol , vol.21 , pp. 439-445
    • Bierer, B.E.1    Schreiber, S.L.2    Burakoff, S.J.3
  • 51
    • 0031001113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of the methylxanthine derivative A802715 in transplantation immunology
    • Lin Y, Goebels J, Rulgeerts O, et al. Use of the methylxanthine derivative A802715 in transplantation immunology. Transplantation 1997;63:1813-8.
    • (1997) Transplantation , vol.63 , pp. 1813-1818
    • Lin, Y.1    Goebels, J.2    Rulgeerts, O.3
  • 52
    • 0027403299 scopus 로고
    • The role of the CD28 receptor during T cell responses to antigen
    • Linsley PS, Ledbetter JA. The role of the CD28 receptor during T cell responses to antigen. Annu Rev Immunol 1993;11:191-212.
    • (1993) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.11 , pp. 191-212
    • Linsley, P.S.1    Ledbetter, J.A.2
  • 53
    • 0027417789 scopus 로고
    • CD28 mAbs with distinct binding properties differ in their ability to induce T cell activation: Analysis of early and late activation events
    • Nunes J, Klasen S, Ragueneau M, et al. CD28 mAbs with distinct binding properties differ in their ability to induce T cell activation: analysis of early and late activation events. Int Immunol 1993;5:311-5.
    • (1993) Int Immunol , vol.5 , pp. 311-315
    • Nunes, J.1    Klasen, S.2    Ragueneau, M.3
  • 54
    • 0029979538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells in a cyclosporin A-resistant pathway
    • Ghosh P, Sica A, Cippitelli M, et al. Activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells in a cyclosporin A-resistant pathway. J Biol Chem 1996;271:7700-4.
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 7700-7704
    • Ghosh, P.1    Sica, A.2    Cippitelli, M.3
  • 55
    • 0026648637 scopus 로고
    • Degradation of CD4 following phorbol-induced internalization in human T lymphocytes
    • Ruegg CL, Rajasekar S, Stein BS, Engleman EG. Degradation of CD4 following phorbol-induced internalization in human T lymphocytes. J Biol Chem 1992;267:18837-43.
    • (1992) J Biol Chem , vol.267 , pp. 18837-18843
    • Ruegg, C.L.1    Rajasekar, S.2    Stein, B.S.3    Engleman, E.G.4
  • 56
    • 0030847844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agonist-induced T cell receptor down-regulation: Molecular requirement and dissociation from T cell activation
    • Salio M, Valitutti S, Lanzavecchia A. Agonist-induced T cell receptor down-regulation: molecular requirement and dissociation from T cell activation. Eur J Immunol 1997;27:1769-73.
    • (1997) Eur J Immunol , vol.27 , pp. 1769-1773
    • Salio, M.1    Valitutti, S.2    Lanzavecchia, A.3
  • 57
    • 0026665460 scopus 로고
    • KB site-dependent activation of the interleukin-2 receptor alpha-chain gene promoter by human c-Rel
    • Tan TH, Huang GP, Sica A, et al. KB site-dependent activation of the interleukin-2 receptor alpha-chain gene promoter by human c-Rel. Mol Cell Biol 1992;12:4067-75.
    • (1992) Mol Cell Biol , vol.12 , pp. 4067-4075
    • Tan, T.H.1    Huang, G.P.2    Sica, A.3
  • 58
    • 0029985217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the management of rheumatoid arthritis
    • American College of Rheumatology AD HOC Committee on Clinical Guidelines. Guidelines for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:713-22.
    • (1996) Arthritis Rheum , vol.39 , pp. 713-722
  • 59
    • 9244247260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with methotrexate alone, sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine, or a combination of all three medications
    • O'Dell JR, Haire CE, Erikson N, et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with methotrexate alone, sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine, or a combination of all three medications. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1287-91.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.334 , pp. 1287-1291
    • O'Dell, J.R.1    Haire, C.E.2    Erikson, N.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.