Interspecies loop grafting in the protease domain of human protein C yielding enhanced catalytic and anticoagulant activity

Thrombosis and Haemostasis

Volumn 82, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 1078-1087

  Shen, Lei ^a   Villoutreix, Bruno O ^a   Dahlbäck, Bjorn ^a  

^a LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTIVATED PROTEIN C; ALPHA 1 ANTITRYPSIN; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 5A; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 8A; CHROMOGENIC SUBSTRATE; MUTANT PROTEIN; PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR 3;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANTICOAGULATION; ARTICLE; CATALYSIS; CATTLE; COMPUTER MODEL; CONTROLLED STUDY; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DOMAIN; SPECIES DIFFERENCE;

EID: 0032862393     PISSN: 03406245     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1614332     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Esmon CT, Ding W, Yasuhiro K, Gu JM, Ferrell G, Regan LM, Stearns-Kurosawa DJ, Kurosawa S, Mather T, Laszik Z, Esmon NL. The protein C pathway: new insights. Thromb Haemost 1997; 78: 70-4.
2. Sadler JE. Thrombomodulin structure and function. Thromb Haemost 1997; 77: 392-5.
3. Dahlbäck B. The protein C anticoagulant system: inherited defects as basis for venous thrombosis. Thromb Res 1995; 78: 1-43.
4. Rosing J, Tans G. Coagulation factor V: an old star shines again. Thromb Haemost 1997; 78: 427-33.
5. Aiach M, Borgel D, Gaussem P, Emmerich J, Alhenc-Gelas M, Gandrille S. Protein C and protein S deficiencies. Semin Hematol 1997; 34: 205-16.
6. Koeleman BP, Reitsma PH, Bertina RM. Familial thrombophilia: a complex genetic disorder. Semin Hematol 1997; 34: 256-64.
7. Dahlbäck B. Resistance to activated protein C as risk factor for thrombosis: molecular mechanisms, laboratory investigation, and clinical management. Semin Hematol 1997; 34: 217-34.
8. Smith OP, White B, Vaughan D, Rafferty M, Claffey L, Lyons B, Casey W. Use of protein-C concentrate, heparin, and haemodiafiltration in meningococcus-induced purpura fulminans. Lancet 1997; 350: 1590-3.
9. Dreyfus M, Maghey JF, Bridey F, Schultz HP, Planche C, Dehan M, Tchernia G. Treatment of homozygous protein C deficiency and neonatal purpura fulminans with a purified protein C concentrate. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 1565-8.
10. Gruber A, Griffin JH, Harker L, Hanson SR. Inhibition of platelet-dependent thrombus formation by human activated protein C in a primate model. Blood 1989; 73: 639-42.
11. Gresele P, Momi S, Berrettini M, Nenci GG, Schwarz HP, Semeraro N, Colucci M. Activated human protein C prevents thrombin-induced thromboembolism in mice. Evidence that activated protein C reduces intravascular fibrin accumulation through the inhibition of additional thrombin generation. J Clin Invest 1998; 101: 667-76.
12. Okajima K, Koga S, Kaji M, Inoue M, Nakagaki T, Funatsu A, Okabe H, Takatsuki K, Aoki N. Effect of protein C and activated protein C on coagulation and fibrinolysis in normal human subjects. Thromb Haemost 1990; 63: 48-53.
13. Taylor FBJr, Chang A, Esmon CT, D'Angelo A, Vigano-D'Angelo S, Blick KE. Protein C prevents the coagulopathic and lethal effects of Escherichia coli infusion in the baboon. J Clin Invest 1987; 79: 918-25.
14. Kalafatis M, Rand MD, Mann KG. The mechanism of inactivation of human factor V and human factor Va by activated protein C. J Biol Chem 1994; 269: 31869-80.
15. Fay PJ, Smudzin TM, Walker FJ. Activated protein C-catalyzed inactivation of human factor VIII and factor VIIIa. Identification of cleavage sites and correlation of proteolysis with cofactor activity. J Biol Chem 1991; 266: 2013945.
16. Rosing J, Hoekema L, Nicolaes GAF, Thomassen MCLGD, Hemker HC, Varadi K, Schwarz HP, Tans G. Effects of protein S and factor Xa on peptide bond cleavages during inactivation of factor Va and factor VaR506Q by activated protein C. J Biol Chem 1995; 270: 27852-8.
17. Regan LM, Lamphear BJ, Huggins CF, Walker FJ, Fay PJ. Factor IXa protects factor VIIIa from activated protein C. Factor IXa inhibits activated protein C-catalyzed cleavage of factor VIIIa at Arg562. J Biol Chem 1994; 269: 9445-52.
18. Shen L, Dahlbäck B. Factor V and protein S as synergistic cofactors to activated protein C in degradation of factor VIII. J Biol Chem 1994; 269: 18735-8.
19. Lu D, Kalafatis M, Mann KG, Long GL. Comparison of activated protein C/protein S-mediated inactivation of human factor VIII and factor V. Blood 1996; 87: 4708-17.
20. Varadi K, Rosing J, Tans G, Pabinger I, Keil B, Schwarz HP. Factor V enhances the cofactor function of protein S in the APC-mediated inactivation of factor VIII: influence of the factor VR506Q mutation. Thromb Haemost 1996; 76: 208-14.
21. Shen L, He X, Dahlbäck B. Synergistic cofactor function of factor V and protein S to activated protein C in the inactivation of the factor VIIIa -factor IXa complex - species specific interactions of components of the protein C anticoagulant system. Thromb Haemost 1997; 78: 1030-6.
22. Walker F J. Regulation of bovine activated protein C by protein S: the role of the cofactor protein in species specificity. Thromb Res 1981; 22: 321-7.
23. He X, Shen L, Dahlbäck B. Expression and functional characterization of chimeras between human and bovine vitamin-K-dependent protein-S-defining modules important for the species specificity of the activated protein C cofactor activity. Eur J Biochem 1995; 227: 433-40.
24. He X, Shen L. Villoutreix BO, Dahlbäck B. Amino acid residues in thrombin-sensitive region and first epidermal growth factor domain of vitamin K-dependent protein S determining specificity of the activated protein C cofactor function. J Biol Chem 1998; 273: 27357-66.
25. España F, Gruber AG, Heeb MJ, Hanson SR, Harker LA, Griffin JH. In vivo and in vitro complexes of activated protein C with two inhibitors in baboons. Blood 1991; 77: 1754-60.
26. Heeb M J, Griffin JH. Physiologic inhibition of human activated protein C by alpha 1-antitrypsin. J Biol Chem 1988; 263: 11613-6.
27. Suzuki K, Deyashiki Y, Nishioka J, Toma K. Protein C inhibitor: structure and function. Thromb Haemost 1989; 61: 337-42.
28. Hermans JM, Stone SR. Interaction of activated protein C with serpins. Biochem J 1993; 295: 23945.
29. Holly RD, Foster DC. Resistance to inhibition by alpha-1-anti-trypsin and species specificity of a chimeric human/bovine protein C. Biochemistry 1994; 33: 1876-80.
30. Mather T, Oganessyan V. Hof P, Huber R, Foundling S. Esmon CT, Bode W. The 2.8 Å crystal structure of Gla-domainless activated protein C. EMBO J 1996; 15: 6822-31.
31. Dang QD, Sabetta M. Di Cera E. Selective loss of fibrinogen clotting in a loop-less thrombin. J Biol Chem 1997; 272: 19649-51.
32. Hopfner KP, Brandstetter H, Karcher A, Kopetzki E, Huber R, Engh RA, Bode W. Converting blood coagulation factor IXa into factor Xa: dramatic increase in amidolytic activity identifies important active site determinants. EMBO J 1997; 16: 6626-35.
33. Sun Z, Jiang Y, Ma Z, Wu H, Liu BF, Xue Y, Tang W, Chen Y, Li C, Zhu D, Gurewich, V, Liu JN. Identification of a flexible loop region (297-313) of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, which helps determine its catalytic activity. J Biol Chem 1997; 272: 23818-23.
34. Smith JW, Tachias K, Madison EL. Protein loop grafting to construct a variant of tissue-type plasminogen activator that binds platelet integrin alpha IIb beta 3. J Biol Chem 1995; 270: 30486-90.
35. Laurell CB, Dahlqvist I, Persson U. The use of thiol-disulphide exchange chromotography for the automated isolation of alpha 1 -antitrypsin and other plasma proteins with reactive thiol groups. J Chromatogr 1983; 278: 53-61.
36. Laurell M, Carlson TH, and Stenflo J. Monoclonal antibodies against the heparin-dependent protein C inhibitor suitable for inhibitor purification and assay of inhibitor complexes. Thromb Haemost 1988; 60: 334-9.
37. Elisen MGLM, Maseland MHH, Church FC, Bouma BN, Meijers JCM. Role of the A+ helix in heparin binding to protein C inhibitor. Thromb Haemost 1996; 75: 760-6.
38. Dahlbäck B, Hildebrand B, Malm J. Characterization of functionally important domains in human vitamin K-dependent protein S using monoclonal antibodies. J Biol Chem 1990; 265: 8127-35.
39. Dahlbäck B, Hildebrand B. Inherited resistance to activated protein C is corrected by anticoagulant cofactor activity found to be a property of factor V. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 1396-400.
40. Pepper DS and Prowse C. Chromatography of human prothrombin complex on dextran sulphate agarose. Thromb Res 1977; 11: 687-92.
41. Dahlbäck B, Stenflo J. Binding of bovine coagulation factor Xa to platelets. Biochemistry 1978; 17: 4938-45.
42. Shen L, Shah AM. Dahlbäck B. Nelsestuen GL. Enhancing the activity of protein C by mutagenesis to improve the membrane-binding site: studies related to proline-10. Biochemistry 1997; 36: 16025-31.
43. Mann KG, Williams EB, Krishnaswamy S, Church W, Giles A. Tracy RP. Active site-specific immunoassays. Blood 1990; 76: 755-6.
44. Bernstein FC, Koetzle TF, Williams GJB, Meyer EFJr, Brice MD, Rodgers JR, Kennard O, Shimanouchi T, Tasmui M. The Protein Data Bank: a computer-based archival file for macromolecular structures. J Mol Biol 1977; 112: 535-42.
45. Ponder JW, Richards FM. Tertiary templates for proteins. Use of packing criteria in the enumeration of allowed sequences for different structural classes. J Mol Biol 1987; 193: 775-91.
46. Villoutreix BO, Dahlbäck B. Molecular model for the C-type lectin domain of human thrombomodulin. J Mol Model 1998; 4: 310-22.
47. Knobe KE, Berntsdotter A, Shen L, Morser J, Dahlbäck B, Villoutreix BO. Probing the activation of protein C by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex using structural analysis, site directed mutagenesis and computer modeling, Proteins 1999; 35: 218-34.
48. Miletich JP, Broze GJJr. Beta protein C is not glycosylated at asparagine 329. The rate of translation may influence the frequency of usage at asparagine-X-cysteine sites. J Biol Chem 1990; 265: 11397-404.
49. Hedstrom L, Szilagyi L, Rutter W. Converting trypsin to chymotrypsin; the role of surface loops. Science 1992; 255: 1259-3.
50. Priestle JP, Rahuel J, Rink H, Tones M. Grutier MG. Changes in interactions in complexes of hirudin derivatives and human alpha-thrombin due to different crystal forms. Protein Sci 1993; 2: 1630-42.
51. van de Locht A, Bode W, Huber R, Le Bonniec BF, Stone SR, Esmon CT, Stubbs MT. The thrombin E192Q-BPTI complex reveals gross structural rearrangements: implications for the interaction with antithrombin and thrombomodulin. EMBO J 1997; 16: 2977-84.
52. Bartunik HD, Summers LJ, Bartsch HH. Crystal structure of bovine betatrypsin at 1.5 Å resolution in a crystal form with low molecular packing density. Active site geometry, ion pairs and solvent structure. J. Mol. Biol 1989; 210: 813-28.
53. Perona JJ, Craik CS. Structural basis of substrate specificity in the serine proteases. Protein Sci 1995; 4: 337-60.
54. McDonald JF, Shah AM, Schwalbe RA, Kisiel W, Dahlbäck B, Nelsestuen GL. Comparison of naturally occurring vitamin K-dependent proteins: correlation of amino acid sequences and membrane binding properties suggests a membrane contact site. Biochemistry 1997; 36: 5120-7.