메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 181-214

A sea of change: Biogeochemical variability in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

Author keywords

Biodiversity; Climate; Food webs; Microbial ecology; Microbiology; Nutrients; Oceanography

Indexed keywords

BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; NORTH PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL GYRE;

EID: 0032805444     PISSN: 14329840     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s100219900068     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (357)

References (227)
  • 1
    • 0030485309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New production and photosynthetic rates within and outside a cyclonic mesoscale eddy in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
    • Allen CB, Kanda J, Laws EA. 1996. New production and photosynthetic rates within and outside a cyclonic mesoscale eddy in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Deep-Sea Res 43:917-36.
    • (1996) Deep-sea Res , vol.43 , pp. 917-936
    • Allen, C.B.1    Kanda, J.2    Laws, E.A.3
  • 2
    • 0029730451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of HPLC pigment signatures and electron microscopic observations for oligotrophic waters of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
    • Andersen RA, Bidigare RR, Keller MD, Latasa M. 1996. A comparison of HPLC pigment signatures and electron microscopic observations for oligotrophic waters of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Deep-Sea Res II 43:517-37.
    • (1996) Deep-sea Res II , vol.43 , pp. 517-537
    • Andersen, R.A.1    Bidigare, R.R.2    Keller, M.D.3    Latasa, M.4
  • 3
    • 0032076192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbial control of oceanic carbon flux: The plot thickens
    • Azam F. 1998. Microbial control of oceanic carbon flux: the plot thickens. Science 280:694-6.
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , pp. 694-696
    • Azam, F.1
  • 5
    • 0028162558 scopus 로고
    • Why does the relationship between sinking flux and planktonic primary production differ between lakes and oceans?
    • Baines SB, Pace ML, Karl DM. 1994. Why does the relationship between sinking flux and planktonic primary production differ between lakes and oceans? Limnol Oceanogr 39:213-26.
    • (1994) Limnol Oceanogr , vol.39 , pp. 213-226
    • Baines, S.B.1    Pace, M.L.2    Karl, D.M.3
  • 6
    • 0002147162 scopus 로고
    • Geologic and climatic time scales of nutrient variability
    • Falkowski PG, Woodhead AD, editors. New York: Plenum Press
    • Barber RT. 1992. Geologic and climatic time scales of nutrient variability. In: Falkowski PG, Woodhead AD, editors. Primary productivity and biogeochemical cycles in the sea. New York: Plenum Press. p 89-106.
    • (1992) Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea , pp. 89-106
    • Barber, R.T.1
  • 7
    • 0000278659 scopus 로고
    • Microplankton of the North Pacific central gyre. Population structure and abundance, June 1973
    • Beers JR, Reid FMH, Stewart GL. 1975. Microplankton of the North Pacific Central Gyre. Population structure and abundance, June 1973. Int Rev Ges Hydrobiol 60:607-38.
    • (1975) Int Rev Ges Hydrobiol , vol.60 , pp. 607-638
    • Beers, J.R.1    Reid, F.M.H.2    Stewart, G.L.3
  • 8
    • 0020088987 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal abundance of the microplankton population in the North Pacific central gyre
    • Beers JR, Reid FMH, Stewart GL. 1982. Seasonal abundance of the microplankton population in the North Pacific central gyre. Deep-Sea Res 29:227-45.
    • (1982) Deep-sea Res , vol.29 , pp. 227-245
    • Beers, J.R.1    Reid, F.M.H.2    Stewart, G.L.3
  • 9
    • 0001172026 scopus 로고
    • Global maps of ocean productivity
    • Berger WH, Smetacek VS, Wefer G, editors. New York: John Wiley and Sons
    • Berger WH. 1989. Global maps of ocean productivity. In: Berger WH, Smetacek VS, Wefer G, editors. Productivity of the ocean: present and past. New York: John Wiley and Sons, p 429-55.
    • (1989) Productivity of the Ocean: Present and Past , pp. 429-455
    • Berger, W.H.1
  • 10
    • 0002922872 scopus 로고
    • Time and length scales of baroclinic eddies in the central North Pacific Ocean
    • Bernstein RL, White WB. 1974. Time and length scales of baroclinic eddies in the central North Pacific Ocean. J Phys Oceanogr 4:613-24.
    • (1974) J Phys Oceanogr , vol.4 , pp. 613-624
    • Bernstein, R.L.1    White, W.B.2
  • 11
    • 0021029386 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal sedimentation of phytoplankton to the deep-sea benthos
    • Billett DSM, Lampitt RS, Rice AL, Mantoura RFC. 1983. Seasonal sedimentation of phytoplankton to the deep-sea benthos. Nature 302:520-2.
    • (1983) Nature , vol.302 , pp. 520-522
    • Billett, D.S.M.1    Lampitt, R.S.2    Rice, A.L.3    Mantoura, R.F.C.4
  • 12
    • 0000397542 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific
    • Bjerknes J. 1969. Atmospheric teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific. Monthly Weather Rev 97:163-72.
    • (1969) Monthly Weather Rev , vol.97 , pp. 163-172
    • Bjerknes, J.1
  • 13
    • 0001800933 scopus 로고
    • Low latitude gyral regions
    • Longhurst AR, editor. New York: Academic Press
    • Blackburn M. 1981. Low latitude gyral regions. In: Longhurst AR, editor. Analysis of marine ecosystems. New York: Academic Press. p 3-29.
    • (1981) Analysis of Marine Ecosystems , pp. 3-29
    • Blackburn, M.1
  • 14
    • 0003100455 scopus 로고
    • Importance of organic nutrients for phytoplankton growth in natural environments: Implications for algal species succession
    • Platt T, editor. Ottawa: Department of Fisheries and Oceans
    • Bonin DJ, Maestrini SY. 1981. Importance of organic nutrients for phytoplankton growth in natural environments: implications for algal species succession. In: Platt T, editor. Physiological bases of phytoplankton cology. Ottawa: Department of Fisheries and Oceans. p 279-91.
    • (1981) Physiological Bases of Phytoplankton Cology , pp. 279-291
    • Bonin, D.J.1    Maestrini, S.Y.2
  • 16
    • 16044367245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete genome sequence of the methanogenic archaeon, Methanococcus jannaschii
    • Bult CJ, White O, Olsen GJ, and others 1996. Complete genome sequence of the methanogenic archaeon, Methanococcus jannaschii. Science 273:1058-73.
    • (1996) Science , vol.273 , pp. 1058-1073
    • Bult, C.J.1    White, O.2    Olsen, G.J.3
  • 17
    • 0027833936 scopus 로고
    • Photosynthetic picoplankton community structure in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean near Hawaii (station ALOHA)
    • Campbell L, Vaulot D. 1993. Photosynthetic picoplankton community structure in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean near Hawaii (station ALOHA). Deep-Sea Res 40: 2043-2060.
    • (1993) Deep-sea Res , vol.40 , pp. 2043-2060
    • Campbell, L.1    Vaulot, D.2
  • 18
    • 0028162289 scopus 로고
    • The importance of Prochlorococcus to community structure in the central North Pacific Ocean
    • Campbell L, Nolla HA, Vaulot D. 1994. The importance of Prochlorococcus to community structure in the central North Pacific Ocean. Limnol Oceanogr 39:954-61.
    • (1994) Limnol Oceanogr , vol.39 , pp. 954-961
    • Campbell, L.1    Nolla, H.A.2    Vaulot, D.3
  • 19
    • 0030023909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth of bacterioplankton and consumption of dissolved organic carbon in the Sargasso Sea
    • Carlson CA, Ducklow HW. 1996. Growth of bacterioplankton and consumption of dissolved organic carbon in the Sargasso Sea. Aquat Microb Ecol 10:69-85.
    • (1996) Aquat Microb Ecol , vol.10 , pp. 69-85
    • Carlson, C.A.1    Ducklow, H.W.2
  • 20
    • 0017286914 scopus 로고
    • Marine Oscillatoria (Trichodesmium): Explanation for aerobic nitrogen fixation without heterocysts
    • Carpenter EJ, Price CC (IV). 1976. Marine Oscillatoria (Trichodesmium): Explanation for aerobic nitrogen fixation without heterocysts. Science 191:1278-80.
    • (1976) Science , vol.191 , pp. 1278-1280
    • Carpenter, E.J.1    Price C.C. IV2
  • 22
    • 0028370999 scopus 로고
    • OASIS - Acquisition system for moorings/drifters
    • Chavez FP, Herlien R, Thurmond G. 1994. OASIS - Acquisition system for moorings/drifters. Sea Tech 35:51-9.
    • (1994) Sea Tech , vol.35 , pp. 51-59
    • Chavez, F.P.1    Herlien, R.2    Thurmond, G.3
  • 23
    • 0029773988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global observations of oceanic Rossby waves
    • Chelton DB, Schlax MG. 1996. Global observations of oceanic Rossby waves. Science 272:234-8.
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 234-238
    • Chelton, D.B.1    Schlax, M.G.2
  • 24
    • 0024265562 scopus 로고
    • A novel free-living prochlorophyte abundant in the oceanic euphotic zone
    • Chisholm SW, Olson RJ, Zettler ER, and others 1988. A novel free-living prochlorophyte abundant in the oceanic euphotic zone. Nature 334:340-3.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.334 , pp. 340-343
    • Chisholm, S.W.1    Olson, R.J.2    Zettler, E.R.3
  • 26
    • 0030721764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertical fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre near Hawaii
    • Christian JR, Lewis MR, Karl DM. 1997. Vertical fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre near Hawaii. J Geophys Res 102:15667-77.
    • (1997) J Geophys Res , vol.102 , pp. 15667-15677
    • Christian, J.R.1    Lewis, M.R.2    Karl, D.M.3
  • 28
    • 0001559940 scopus 로고
    • Nature and structure of the climax
    • Clements FE. 1936. Nature and structure of the climax. J Ecol 24:253-84.
    • (1936) J Ecol , vol.24 , pp. 253-284
    • Clements, F.E.1
  • 30
    • 84986759532 scopus 로고
    • Direct counts of aquatic bacteria by a modified epi-fluorescent technique
    • Daley RJ, Hobbie JE. 1975. Direct counts of aquatic bacteria by a modified epi-fluorescent technique. Limnol Oceanogr 20: 875-82.
    • (1975) Limnol Oceanogr , vol.20 , pp. 875-882
    • Daley, R.J.1    Hobbie, J.E.2
  • 31
    • 0030620652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiration rates in bacteria exceed phytoplankton production in unproductive aquatic systems
    • del Giorgio PA, Cole JJ, Cimbleris A. 1997. Respiration rates in bacteria exceed phytoplankton production in unproductive aquatic systems. Nature 385:148-51.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.385 , pp. 148-151
    • Giorgio, P.A.1    Cole, J.J.2    Cimbleris, A.3
  • 32
    • 0028594902 scopus 로고
    • High abundance of Archaea in antarctic marine picoplankton
    • DeLong EF, Wu KY, Prezelin BB, Jovine RVM. 1994. High abundance of Archaea in antarctic marine picoplankton. Nature 371:695-7.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.371 , pp. 695-697
    • DeLong, E.F.1    Wu, K.Y.2    Prezelin, B.B.3    Jovine, R.V.M.4
  • 33
    • 0030485418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper-ocean thermal variations in the North Pacific during 1970-1991
    • Deser C, Alexander MA, Timlin MS. 1996. Upper-ocean thermal variations in the North Pacific during 1970-1991. J Climate 9:1840-55.
    • (1996) J Climate , vol.9 , pp. 1840-1855
    • Deser, C.1    Alexander, M.A.2    Timlin, M.S.3
  • 34
    • 0000509660 scopus 로고
    • The emergence of concurrent high resolution physical and bio-optical measurements in the upper ocean and their applications
    • Dickey TD. 1991. The emergence of concurrent high resolution physical and bio-optical measurements in the upper ocean and their applications. Rev Geophys 29:383-413.
    • (1991) Rev Geophys , vol.29 , pp. 383-413
    • Dickey, T.D.1
  • 36
    • 0026268558 scopus 로고
    • Impact of an atmospheric-oceanic disturbance on phytoplankton community dynamics in the North Pacific central gyre
    • DiTullio GR, Laws EA. 1991. Impact of an atmospheric-oceanic disturbance on phytoplankton community dynamics in the North Pacific Central Gyre. Deep-Sea Res 38: 1305-29.
    • (1991) Deep-sea Res , vol.38 , pp. 1305-1329
    • DiTullio, G.R.1    Laws, E.A.2
  • 37
    • 0033372023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major challenges confronting marine biogeochemical modeling
    • in press
    • Doney SC. 1999. Major challenges confronting marine biogeochemical modeling. Global Biogeochem Cycles. (in press).
    • (1999) Global Biogeochem Cycles
    • Doney, S.C.1
  • 38
    • 0000571837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrification in the euphotic zone as a source for nitrite, nitrate, and nitrous oxide at station ALOHA
    • Dore JE, Karl DM. 1996. Nitrification in the euphotic zone as a source for nitrite, nitrate, and nitrous oxide at Station ALOHA. Limnol Oceanogr 41:1619-28.
    • (1996) Limnol Oceanogr , vol.41 , pp. 1619-1628
    • Dore, J.E.1    Karl, D.M.2
  • 41
    • 0032504120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 balance of unproductive aquatic ecosystems
    • 2 balance of unproductive aquatic ecosystems. Science 281:234-6.
    • (1998) Science , vol.281 , pp. 234-236
    • Duarte, C.M.1    Agusti, S.2
  • 42
    • 0000652488 scopus 로고
    • The impact of atmospheric nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron species on marine biological productivity
    • Buat-Menard P, editor. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: D. Reidel Publishing Company
    • Duce RA. 1986. The impact of atmospheric nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron species on marine biological productivity. In: Buat-Menard P, editor. The role of air-sea exchange in geochemical cycling. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: D. Reidel Publishing Company, p 497-529
    • (1986) The Role of Air-sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling , pp. 497-529
    • Duce, R.A.1
  • 43
    • 81755164125 scopus 로고
    • Uptake of new and regenerated forms of nitrogen in primary productivity
    • Dugdale RC, Goering JJ. 1967. Uptake of new and regenerated forms of nitrogen in primary productivity. Limnol Oceanogr 12:196-206.
    • (1967) Limnol Oceanogr , vol.12 , pp. 196-206
    • Dugdale, R.C.1    Goering, J.J.2
  • 44
    • 0002974101 scopus 로고
    • Nutrient limitation of new production in the sea
    • Falkowski PG, Woodhead AD, editors. New York: Plenum Press
    • Dugdale R, Wilkerson F. 1992. Nutrient limitation of new production in the sea. In: Falkowski PG, Woodhead AD, editors. Primary productivity and biogeochemical cycles in the sea. New York: Plenum Press. p 107-122.
    • (1992) Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea , pp. 107-122
    • Dugdale, R.1    Wilkerson, F.2
  • 46
    • 0030657453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental determination of the organic carbon flux from open-ocean surface waters
    • Emerson S, Quay P, Karl D, Winn C, Tupas L, Landry M. 1997. Experimental determination of the organic carbon flux from open-ocean surface waters. Nature 389:951-4.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.389 , pp. 951-954
    • Emerson, S.1    Quay, P.2    Karl, D.3    Winn, C.4    Tupas, L.5    Landry, M.6
  • 47
    • 0000571507 scopus 로고
    • Relations between nutrient assimilation and growth in phytoplankton with a brief review of estimates of growth rate in the ocean
    • Platt T, editor. Ottawa: Department of Fisheries and Oceans
    • Eppley RW. 1981. Relations between nutrient assimilation and growth in phytoplankton with a brief review of estimates of growth rate in the ocean. In: Platt T, editor. Physiological bases of phytoplankton ecology. Ottawa: Department of Fisheries and Oceans. p 251-63.
    • (1981) Physiological Bases of Phytoplankton Ecology , pp. 251-263
    • Eppley, R.W.1
  • 48
    • 84982571638 scopus 로고
    • The PRPOOS program: A study of plankton rate processes in oligotrophic oceans
    • Eppley RW. 1982. The PRPOOS program: a study of plankton rate processes in oligotrophic oceans. EOS Trans Am Geophys Un 163:522.
    • (1982) EOS Trans Am Geophys Un , vol.163 , pp. 522
    • Eppley, R.W.1
  • 49
    • 0002625148 scopus 로고
    • New production: History, methods, problems
    • Berger WH, Smetacek VS, Wefer G, editors. New York: John Wiley & Sons
    • Eppley RW. 1989. New production: history, methods, problems. In: Berger WH, Smetacek VS, Wefer G, editors. Productivity of the ocean: present and past. New York: John Wiley & Sons. p 85-97.
    • (1989) Productivity of the Ocean: Present and Past , pp. 85-97
    • Eppley, R.W.1
  • 50
    • 0018730120 scopus 로고
    • Particulate organic matter flux and planktonic new production in the deep ocean
    • Eppley RW, Peterson BJ. 1979. Particulate organic matter flux and planktonic new production in the deep ocean. Nature 282:677-80.
    • (1979) Nature , vol.282 , pp. 677-680
    • Eppley, R.W.1    Peterson, B.J.2
  • 51
    • 0020719642 scopus 로고
    • The residence time of particulate organic carbon in the surface layer of the oceans
    • Eppley RW, Renger EH, Betzer PR. 1982. The residence time of particulate organic carbon in the surface layer of the oceans. Deep-Sea Res 29:311-23.
    • (1982) Deep-sea Res , vol.29 , pp. 311-323
    • Eppley, R.W.1    Renger, E.H.2    Betzer, P.R.3
  • 53
    • 0008832429 scopus 로고
    • Zooplankton species groups in the North Pacific
    • Fager EW, McGowan JA. 1963. Zooplankton species groups in the North Pacific. Science 140:453-60.
    • (1963) Science , vol.140 , pp. 453-460
    • Fager, E.W.1    McGowan, J.A.2
  • 55
    • 0001297070 scopus 로고
    • The role of phytoplankton photosynthesis in global biogeochemical cycles
    • Falkowski PG. 1994. The role of phytoplankton photosynthesis in global biogeochemical cycles. Photosyn Res 39:235-58.
    • (1994) Photosyn Res , vol.39 , pp. 235-258
    • Falkowski, P.G.1
  • 57
    • 0025956037 scopus 로고
    • Role of eddy pumping in enhancing primary production in the ocean
    • Falkowski PG, Ziemann D, Kolber Z, Bienfang PK. 1991. Role of eddy pumping in enhancing primary production in the ocean. Nature 352:55-8.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.352 , pp. 55-58
    • Falkowski, P.G.1    Ziemann, D.2    Kolber, Z.3    Bienfang, P.K.4
  • 58
    • 0000099776 scopus 로고
    • Nutrient provinces in the sea: Concentration ratios, reaction rate ratios, and ideal covariation
    • Fanning KA. 1992. Nutrient provinces in the sea: concentration ratios, reaction rate ratios, and ideal covariation. J Geophys Res 97:5693-712.
    • (1992) J Geophys Res , vol.97 , pp. 5693-5712
    • Fanning, K.A.1
  • 59
    • 0024181094 scopus 로고
    • Marine plankton food chains
    • Fenchel T. 1988. Marine plankton food chains. Ann Rev Ecol Syst 19:19-38.
    • (1988) Ann Rev Ecol Syst , vol.19 , pp. 19-38
    • Fenchel, T.1
  • 60
    • 0000520719 scopus 로고
    • Bacterioplankton roles in cycling of organic matter: The microbial food web
    • Falkowski PG, Woodhead AD, editors. New York: Plenum Press
    • Fuhrman J. 1992. Bacterioplankton roles in cycling of organic matter: the microbial food web. In: Falkowski PG, Woodhead AD, editors. Primary productivity and biogeochemical cycles in the sea. New York: Plenum Press. p 361-83.
    • (1992) Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea , pp. 361-383
    • Fuhrman, J.1
  • 61
    • 0000448737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physics to fish: Interactions between physics and biology on a variety of scales
    • Gargett AE. 1997. Physics to fish: interactions between physics and biology on a variety of scales. Oceanography 10:128-31.
    • (1997) Oceanography , vol.10 , pp. 128-131
    • Gargett, A.E.1
  • 62
    • 6144263163 scopus 로고
    • Oceanic mixing by breaking internal waves
    • Garrett C, Munk W. 1972. Oceanic mixing by breaking internal waves. Deep-Sea Res. 19:823-32.
    • (1972) Deep-sea Res. , vol.19 , pp. 823-832
    • Garrett, C.1    Munk, W.2
  • 63
    • 34447542689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photosynthesis or planktonic respiration?
    • Geider RJ. 1997. Photosynthesis or planktonic respiration? Nature 388:132.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.388 , pp. 132
    • Geider, R.J.1
  • 64
    • 0344054673 scopus 로고
    • Oceanic phytoplankton communities: Our changing perception
    • Glover HE. 1991. Oceanic phytoplankton communities: our changing perception. Rev Aquat Sci 5: 307-31.
    • (1991) Rev Aquat Sci , vol.5 , pp. 307-331
    • Glover, H.E.1
  • 66
    • 0345348264 scopus 로고
    • Chemical and biological observations at station Gollum, an oceanic station near Hawaii, January 1969 to June 1970
    • Gordon DC, Jr. 1970. Chemical and biological observations at station Gollum, an oceanic station near Hawaii, January 1969 to June 1970. Hawaii Institute of Geophysics Report, HIG-70-22.
    • (1970) Hawaii Institute of Geophysics Report, HIG-70-22
    • Gordon D.C., Jr.1
  • 67
    • 0000073661 scopus 로고
    • Plankton production in relation to character of water in the open Pacific
    • Graham HW. 1941. Plankton production in relation to character of water in the open Pacific. J Mar Res 4:189-97.
    • (1941) J Mar Res , vol.4 , pp. 189-197
    • Graham, H.W.1
  • 68
    • 0028571653 scopus 로고
    • Decadal-scale climate variability in the tropical and North Pacific during the 1970s and 1980s: Observations and model results
    • Graham NE. 1994. Decadal-scale climate variability in the tropical and North Pacific during the 1970s and 1980s: observations and model results. Climate Dyn 10: 135-62.
    • (1994) Climate Dyn , vol.10 , pp. 135-162
    • Graham, N.E.1
  • 70
    • 0345348261 scopus 로고
    • Finestructure and microstructure observations during the passage of a mild storm
    • Gregg MC. 1976. Finestructure and microstructure observations during the passage of a mild storm. J Phys Oceanogr 6:528-55.
    • (1976) J Phys Oceanogr , vol.6 , pp. 528-555
    • Gregg, M.C.1
  • 74
    • 0026283695 scopus 로고
    • TOGA-TAO: A moored array for real-time measurements in the tropical Pacific Ocean
    • Hayes SP, Mangum LJ, Picaut J, Sumi A, Takeuchi K. 1991. TOGA-TAO: a moored array for real-time measurements in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Bull Am Meteor Soc 72:339-47.
    • (1991) Bull Am Meteor Soc , vol.72 , pp. 339-347
    • Hayes, S.P.1    Mangum, L.J.2    Picaut, J.3    Sumi, A.4    Takeuchi, K.5
  • 75
    • 0023519392 scopus 로고
    • The nutrient distribution and primary production in the central North Pacific
    • Hayward TL. 1987. The nutrient distribution and primary production in the central North Pacific. Deep-Sea Res 34:1593-1627.
    • (1987) Deep-sea Res , vol.34 , pp. 1593-1627
    • Hayward, T.L.1
  • 76
    • 0001718576 scopus 로고
    • Primary production in the North Pacific central gyre: A controversy with important implications
    • Hayward TL. 1991. Primary production in the North Pacific Central Gyre: a controversy with important implications. Trends Ecol Evol 6:281-4.
    • (1991) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.6 , pp. 281-284
    • Hayward, T.L.1
  • 77
    • 0001244214 scopus 로고
    • Spatial patterns of chlorophyll, primary production, macrozooplankton biomass, and physical structure in the central North Pacific Ocean
    • Hayward TL, McGowan JA. 1985. Spatial patterns of chlorophyll, primary production, macrozooplankton biomass, and physical structure in the central North Pacific Ocean. J Plankton Res 7:147-67.
    • (1985) J Plankton Res , vol.7 , pp. 147-167
    • Hayward, T.L.1    McGowan, J.A.2
  • 78
    • 0020968924 scopus 로고
    • Environmental heterogeneity and plankton community structure in the central North Pacific
    • Hayward TL, Venrick EL, McGowan JA. 1983. Environmental heterogeneity and plankton community structure in the central North Pacific. J Mar Res 41:711-29.
    • (1983) J Mar Res , vol.41 , pp. 711-729
    • Hayward, T.L.1    Venrick, E.L.2    McGowan, J.A.3
  • 79
    • 84973179383 scopus 로고
    • Introduction
    • Hedgpeth JW, editor. Colorado: Geological Society of America
    • Hedgpeth J.W. 1957. Introduction. In: Hedgpeth JW, editor. Treatise on marine ecology and paleoecology. Colorado: Geological Society of America, p 1-16.
    • (1957) Treatise on Marine Ecology and Paleoecology , pp. 1-16
    • Hedgpeth, J.W.1
  • 80
    • 0000494503 scopus 로고
    • The state of the microbes: A summary of a symposium honoring Lawrence Pomeroy
    • Hobbie JE. 1994. The state of the microbes: a summary of a symposium honoring Lawrence Pomeroy. Microb Ecol 28: 113-6.
    • (1994) Microb Ecol , vol.28 , pp. 113-116
    • Hobbie, J.E.1
  • 81
    • 0017654644 scopus 로고
    • Use of nuclepore filters for counting bacteria by fluorescence microscopy
    • Hobbie JE, Daley RJ, Jaspar S. 1977. Use of Nuclepore filters for counting bacteria by fluorescence microscopy. Appl Environ Microbiol 33:1225-8.
    • (1977) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.33 , pp. 1225-1228
    • Hobbie, J.E.1    Daley, R.J.2    Jaspar, S.3
  • 82
    • 0019655505 scopus 로고
    • Planetary-scale atmospheric phenomena associated with the southern oscillation
    • Horel JD, Wallace JM. 1981. Planetary-scale atmospheric phenomena associated with the Southern Oscillation. Monthly Weather Rev 109:813-29.
    • (1981) Monthly Weather Rev , vol.109 , pp. 813-829
    • Horel, J.D.1    Wallace, J.M.2
  • 83
    • 0010249919 scopus 로고
    • Ecological aspects of succession in natural populations
    • Hutchinson GE. 1941. Ecological aspects of succession in natural populations. Am Naturalist 75:406-18.
    • (1941) Am Naturalist , vol.75 , pp. 406-418
    • Hutchinson, G.E.1
  • 84
    • 0000123207 scopus 로고
    • The paradox of the plankton
    • Hutchinson GE. 1961. The paradox of the plankton. Am Naturalist 95:137-45.
    • (1961) Am Naturalist , vol.95 , pp. 137-145
    • Hutchinson, G.E.1
  • 88
    • 84986749833 scopus 로고
    • Chroococcoid cyanobacteria in the sea: A ubiquitous and diverse phototrophic biomass
    • Johnson PW, Sieburth J McN. 1979. Chroococcoid cyanobacteria in the sea: a ubiquitous and diverse phototrophic biomass. Limnol Oceanogr 24:928-35.
    • (1979) Limnol Oceanogr , vol.24 , pp. 928-935
    • Johnson, P.W.1    Sieburth, J.McN.2
  • 89
    • 0001532686 scopus 로고
    • Accurate estimation of microbial loop processes and rates
    • Karl DM. 1994. Accurate estimation of microbial loop processes and rates. Microb Ecol 28:147-50.
    • (1994) Microb Ecol , vol.28 , pp. 147-150
    • Karl, D.M.1
  • 90
    • 0001885918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular approaches to microbial biomass estimation in the sea
    • Cooksey KE, editor. London: Chapman & Hall
    • Karl DM, Dobbs FC. 1998. Molecular approaches to microbial biomass estimation in the sea. In: Cooksey KE, editor. Molecular approaches to the study of the ocean. London: Chapman & Hall, p 29-89.
    • (1998) Molecular Approaches to the Study of the Ocean , pp. 29-89
    • Karl, D.M.1    Dobbs, F.C.2
  • 91
    • 0029729552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) program: Background, rationale and field implementation
    • Karl DM, Lukas R. 1996. The Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) program: background, rationale and field implementation. Deep-Sea Res II 43:129-56.
    • (1996) Deep-sea Res II , vol.43 , pp. 129-156
    • Karl, D.M.1    Lukas, R.2
  • 92
    • 0031081355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal variability in dissolved phosphorus concentrations in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean
    • Karl DM, Tien G. 1997. Temporal variability in dissolved phosphorus concentrations in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Mar Chem 56:77-96.
    • (1997) Mar Chem , vol.56 , pp. 77-96
    • Karl, D.M.1    Tien, G.2
  • 93
    • 0026322477 scopus 로고
    • A sea of change: Monitoring the oceans' carbon cycle
    • Karl DM, Winn CD. 1991. A sea of change: monitoring the oceans' carbon cycle. Environ Sci Tech 25:1976-81.
    • (1991) Environ Sci Tech , vol.25 , pp. 1976-1981
    • Karl, D.M.1    Winn, C.D.2
  • 94
  • 95
    • 0028976875 scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem changes in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre attributed to the 1991-92 El Niño
    • Karl DM, Letelier R, Hebel D, Tupas L, Dore J, Christian J, Winn C. 1995. Ecosystem changes in the North Pacific subtropical gyre attributed to the 1991-92 El Niño. Nature 373:230-4.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.373 , pp. 230-234
    • Karl, D.M.1    Letelier, R.2    Hebel, D.3    Tupas, L.4    Dore, J.5    Christian, J.6    Winn, C.7
  • 97
    • 0030802473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of nitrogen fixation in biogeochemical cycling in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean
    • Karl D, Letelier R, Tupas L, Dore J, Christian J, Hebel D. 1997. The role of nitrogen fixation in biogeochemical cycling in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Nature 388:533-8.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.388 , pp. 533-538
    • Karl, D.1    Letelier, R.2    Tupas, L.3    Dore, J.4    Christian, J.5    Hebel, D.6
  • 98
    • 0031734893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of dissolved organic matter releases in the productivity of the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean
    • Karl DM, Hebel DV, Björkman K, Letelier RM. 1998. The role of dissolved organic matter releases in the productivity of the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. Limnol Oceanogr, 43:12-15.
    • (1998) Limnol Oceanogr , vol.43 , pp. 12-15
    • Karl, D.M.1    Hebel, D.V.2    Björkman, K.3    Letelier, R.M.4
  • 99
    • 0344054667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate-related, long-term changes in plankton community structure and productivity in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean
    • in revision
    • Karl DM, Bidigare RR, Letelier RM. 1999. Climate-related, long-term changes in plankton community structure and productivity in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Nature, in revision.
    • (1999) Nature
    • Karl, D.M.1    Bidigare, R.R.2    Letelier, R.M.3
  • 100
    • 0042624610 scopus 로고
    • The shallow salinity minimum of the eastern North Pacific in winter
    • Kenyon KE. 1978. The shallow salinity minimum of the eastern North Pacific in winter. J Phys Oceanogr 8:1061-9
    • (1978) J Phys Oceanogr , vol.8 , pp. 1061-1069
    • Kenyon, K.E.1
  • 101
    • 0001327505 scopus 로고
    • Unmasking a shifty climate system
    • Kerr RA. 1992. Unmasking a shifty climate system. Science 255:1508-10.
    • (1992) Science , vol.255 , pp. 1508-1510
    • Kerr, R.A.1
  • 103
    • 0000312047 scopus 로고
    • The flux of particulate organic matter out of the euphotic zone
    • Global Ocean Flux Study. 1982 Sept 10-14; Washington, DC: National Academic Press
    • Knauer GA, Martin JH, Karl DM. 1984. The flux of particulate organic matter out of the euphotic zone. In: Global Ocean Flux Study. Proceedings of a Workshop; 1982 Sept 10-14; Washington, DC: National Academic Press, p 136-50.
    • (1984) Proceedings of a Workshop , pp. 136-150
    • Knauer, G.A.1    Martin, J.H.2    Karl, D.M.3
  • 106
    • 0027435802 scopus 로고
    • Nutrient distributions during an annual cycle across a warmcore eddy from the E. Mediterranean Sea
    • Krom MD, Brenner S, Kress N, Neori A, Gordon LI. 1993. Nutrient distributions during an annual cycle across a warmcore eddy from the E. Mediterranean Sea. Deep-Sea Res 40:805-25.
    • (1993) Deep-sea Res , vol.40 , pp. 805-825
    • Krom, M.D.1    Brenner, S.2    Kress, N.3    Neori, A.4    Gordon, L.I.5
  • 108
    • 0002705954 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of nitrogen assimilation rates based on 15N uptake and autotrophic protein synthesis
    • Laws EA, Harrison WG, DiTullio GR. 1985. A comparison of nitrogen assimilation rates based on 15N uptake and autotrophic protein synthesis. Deep-Sea Res 32:85-95.
    • (1985) Deep-sea Res , vol.32 , pp. 85-95
    • Laws, E.A.1    Harrison, W.G.2    DiTullio, G.R.3
  • 109
    • 0027831050 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for slow mixing across the pycnocline from an open-ocean tracer-release experiment
    • Ledwell JR, Watson AJ, Law CS. 1993. Evidence for slow mixing across the pycnocline from an open-ocean tracer-release experiment. Nature 364:701-3.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.364 , pp. 701-703
    • Ledwell, J.R.1    Watson, A.J.2    Law, C.S.3
  • 110
    • 0028255134 scopus 로고
    • Wind-driven secondary circulation in ocean mesoscale
    • Lee D-K, Niiler PP, Warn-Varnas A. 1994. Wind-driven secondary circulation in ocean mesoscale. J Mar Res 52:1-25.
    • (1994) J Mar Res , vol.52 , pp. 1-25
    • Lee, D.-K.1    Niiler, P.P.2    Warn-Varnas, A.3
  • 111
    • 0002066765 scopus 로고
    • Hydrodynamical singularities as controls of recycled versus export production in oceans
    • Berger WH, Smetacek VS, Wefer G, editors. New York: John Wiley & Sons
    • Legendre L, Le Fèvre J. 1989. Hydrodynamical singularities as controls of recycled versus export production in oceans. In Berger WH, Smetacek VS, Wefer G, editors. Productivity of the ocean: present and past. New York: John Wiley & Sons. p 49-63.
    • (1989) Productivity of the Ocean: Present and Past , pp. 49-63
    • Legendre, L.1    Le Fèvre, J.2
  • 114
    • 0029777724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal and interannual variations in photosynthetic carbon assimilation at Station ALOHA
    • Letelier RM, Dore JE, Winn CD, Karl DM. 1996. Seasonal and interannual variations in photosynthetic carbon assimilation at Station ALOHA. Deep-Sea Res 43:467-90.
    • (1996) Deep-sea Res , vol.43 , pp. 467-490
    • Letelier, R.M.1    Dore, J.E.2    Winn, C.D.3    Karl, D.M.4
  • 115
    • 0344917063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integration of research vessel, autonomous mooring and satellite time-series data to resolve biogeochemical variability in the North Pacific subtropical gyre
    • Submitted to
    • Letelier RM, Karl DM, Abbott MR. 1999. Integration of research vessel, autonomous mooring and satellite time-series data to resolve biogeochemical variability in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Submitted to J Geophys Res
    • (1999) J Geophys Res
    • Letelier, R.M.1    Karl, D.M.2    Abbott, M.R.3
  • 116
    • 0029513208 scopus 로고
    • Observational evidence of interannual to decadal-scale variability of the subsurface temperature-salinity structure of the world ocean
    • Levitus S, Antonov J. 1995. Observational evidence of interannual to decadal-scale variability of the subsurface temperature-salinity structure of the world ocean. Climatic Change 31:495-514.
    • (1995) Climatic Change , vol.31 , pp. 495-514
    • Levitus, S.1    Antonov, J.2
  • 118
    • 0031395453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytometric diversity in marine ultraphytoplankton
    • Li WKW. 1997. Cytometric diversity in marine ultraphytoplankton. Limnol Oceanogr 42:874-80.
    • (1997) Limnol Oceanogr , vol.42 , pp. 874-880
    • Li, W.K.W.1
  • 119
    • 0002326959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prochlorococcus growth rate and contribution to primary production in the equatorial and subtropical North Pacific Ocean
    • Liu H, Nolla HA, Campbell L. 1997. Prochlorococcus growth rate and contribution to primary production in the equatorial and subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Aquat Microb Ecol 12:39-47.
    • (1997) Aquat Microb Ecol , vol.12 , pp. 39-47
    • Liu, H.1    Nolla, H.A.2    Campbell, L.3
  • 120
    • 0024898222 scopus 로고
    • The biological pump: Profiles of plankton production and consumption in the upper ocean
    • Longhurst AR, Harrison WG. 1989. The biological pump: profiles of plankton production and consumption in the upper ocean. Prog Oceanogr 22:47-123.
    • (1989) Prog Oceanogr , vol.22 , pp. 47-123
    • Longhurst, A.R.1    Harrison, W.G.2
  • 121
    • 0028981011 scopus 로고
    • An estimate of global primary production in the ocean from satellite radiometer data
    • Longhurst A, Sathyendranath S, Platt T, Caverhill C. 1995. An estimate of global primary production in the ocean from satellite radiometer data. J Plankton Res 17:1245-71.
    • (1995) J Plankton Res , vol.17 , pp. 1245-1271
    • Longhurst, A.1    Sathyendranath, S.2    Platt, T.3    Caverhill, C.4
  • 122
    • 0001565730 scopus 로고
    • Long-term ecological research and the invisible present
    • Magnuson JJ. 1990. Long-term ecological research and the invisible present. Bioscience 40:495-501.
    • (1990) Bioscience , vol.40 , pp. 495-501
    • Magnuson, J.J.1
  • 124
    • 0000300365 scopus 로고
    • Life-forms of phytoplankton as survival alternatives in an unstable environment
    • Margalef R. 1978. Life-forms of phytoplankton as survival alternatives in an unstable environment. Oceanologica Acta 1:493-509.
    • (1978) Oceanologica Acta , vol.1 , pp. 493-509
    • Margalef, R.1
  • 125
    • 0001485773 scopus 로고
    • Phytoplankton photosynthetic response to vertical movement in a mixed-layer
    • Marra J. 1978. Phytoplankton photosynthetic response to vertical movement in a mixed-layer. Mar Biol. 46:203-8.
    • (1978) Mar Biol. , vol.46 , pp. 203-208
    • Marra, J.1
  • 127
    • 0008845341 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of the dinoflagellate Ceratium in relation to environmental factors along 28°N in the eastern North Pacific
    • Matrai PA. 1986. The distribution of the dinoflagellate Ceratium in relation to environmental factors along 28°N in the eastern North Pacific. J Plankton Res 8:105-18.
    • (1986) J Plankton Res , vol.8 , pp. 105-118
    • Matrai, P.A.1
  • 128
    • 0016535581 scopus 로고
    • Vertical flux of particles in the ocean
    • McCave IN. 1975. Vertical flux of particles in the ocean. Deep-Sea Res 22:491-502.
    • (1975) Deep-sea Res , vol.22 , pp. 491-502
    • McCave, I.N.1
  • 129
    • 0342813026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eddy-induced nutrient supply and new production in the Sargasso Sea
    • McGillicuddy DJ, Jr, Robinson AR. 1997. Eddy-induced nutrient supply and new production in the Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Res 44:1427-50.
    • (1997) Deep-sea Res , vol.44 , pp. 1427-1450
    • McGillicuddy D.J., Jr.1    Robinson, A.R.2
  • 131
    • 0002215465 scopus 로고
    • The nature of oceanic ecosystems
    • Miller CB, editor. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press
    • McGowan JA. 1974. The nature of oceanic ecosystems. In: Miller CB, editor. The biology of the oceanic Pacific. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, p 9-28.
    • (1974) The Biology of the Oceanic Pacific , pp. 9-28
    • McGowan, J.A.1
  • 132
    • 0018011668 scopus 로고
    • Mixing and oceanic productivity
    • McGowan JA, Hayward TL. 1978. Mixing and oceanic productivity. Deep-Sea Res 25:771-93.
    • (1978) Deep-sea Res , vol.25 , pp. 771-793
    • McGowan, J.A.1    Hayward, T.L.2
  • 133
    • 0001722916 scopus 로고
    • Structure in the copepod community of the North Pacific central gyre
    • McGowan JA, Walker PW. 1979. Structure in the copepod community of the North Pacific central gyre. Ecol Monogr 49:195-226.
    • (1979) Ecol Monogr , vol.49 , pp. 195-226
    • McGowan, J.A.1    Walker, P.W.2
  • 134
    • 0002247138 scopus 로고
    • Dominance and diversity maintenance in an oceanic ecosystem
    • McGowan JA, Walker PW. 1985. Dominance and diversity maintenance in an oceanic ecosystem. Ecol Monogr 55: 103-18.
    • (1985) Ecol Monogr , vol.55 , pp. 103-118
    • McGowan, J.A.1    Walker, P.W.2
  • 135
    • 0343475620 scopus 로고
    • Oceanic habitat differences in the North Pacific
    • McGowan JA, Williams PM. 1973. Oceanic habitat differences in the North Pacific. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 12:187-217.
    • (1973) J Exp Mar Biol Ecol , vol.12 , pp. 187-217
    • McGowan, J.A.1    Williams, P.M.2
  • 136
    • 0032504005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate-ocean variability and ecosystem response in the Northeast Pacific
    • McGowan JA, Cayan DR, Dorman, LM. 1998. Climate-ocean variability and ecosystem response in the Northeast Pacific. Science 281:210-7.
    • (1998) Science , vol.281 , pp. 210-217
    • McGowan, J.A.1    Cayan, D.R.2    Dorman, L.M.3
  • 137
    • 0029729551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview of the U.S. JGOFS Bermuda Atlantic time-series study and the hydrostation S program
    • Michaels AF, Knap AH. 1996. Overview of the U.S. JGOFS Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study and the Hydrostation S program. Deep-Sea Res 43:157-98.
    • (1996) Deep-sea Res , vol.43 , pp. 157-198
    • Michaels, A.F.1    Knap, A.H.2
  • 138
    • 0024251833 scopus 로고
    • Primary production, sinking fluxes and the microbial food web
    • Michaels AF, Silver MW. 1988. Primary production, sinking fluxes and the microbial food web. Deep-Sea Res 35:473-90.
    • (1988) Deep-sea Res , vol.35 , pp. 473-490
    • Michaels, A.F.1    Silver, M.W.2
  • 139
    • 0028570490 scopus 로고
    • Interdecadal variability of the Pacific Ocean: Model response to observed heat flux and wind stress anomalies
    • Miller AJ, Cayan DR, Barnett TP, Graham NE, Oberhuber JM. 1994. Interdecadal variability of the Pacific Ocean: model response to observed heat flux and wind stress anomalies. Climate Dyn 9:287-302.
    • (1994) Climate Dyn , vol.9 , pp. 287-302
    • Miller, A.J.1    Cayan, D.R.2    Barnett, T.P.3    Graham, N.E.4    Oberhuber, J.M.5
  • 140
    • 0031106429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 50-70 year climatic oscillation over the North Pacific and North America
    • Minobe S. 1997. A 50-70 year climatic oscillation over the North Pacific and North America. Geophys Res Lett 24: 683-6.
    • (1997) Geophys Res Lett , vol.24 , pp. 683-686
    • Minobe, S.1
  • 141
    • 0032482462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiology and molecular phylogeny of coexisting Prochlorococcus ecotypes
    • Moore LR, Rocap G, Chisholm SW. 1998. Physiology and molecular phylogeny of coexisting Prochlorococcus ecotypes. Nature 393:464-7.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.393 , pp. 464-467
    • Moore, L.R.1    Rocap, G.2    Chisholm, S.W.3
  • 142
    • 0345348227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying vertical fluxes from turbulence in the ocean
    • Mourn JN. 1997. Quantifying vertical fluxes from turbulence in the ocean. Oceanography 10:111-5.
    • (1997) Oceanography , vol.10 , pp. 111-115
    • Mourn, J.N.1
  • 144
    • 0022848321 scopus 로고
    • El Niño, interannual variability and fisheries in the northeast Pacific Ocean
    • Mysak LA. 1986. El Niño, interannual variability and fisheries in the northeast Pacific Ocean. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 43:464-97.
    • (1986) Can J Fish Aquat Sci , vol.43 , pp. 464-497
    • Mysak, L.A.1
  • 145
    • 0000106906 scopus 로고
    • Multiple causes of the North American abnormal winter 1976-77
    • Namias J. 1978. Multiple causes of the North American abnormal winter 1976-77. Monthly Weather Rev 106:279-95.
    • (1978) Monthly Weather Rev , vol.106 , pp. 279-295
    • Namias, J.1
  • 147
    • 0001309835 scopus 로고
    • Low-frequency eddy variability at 28°N, 152°W in the eastern North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
    • Niiler PP, Hall ML. 1988. Low-frequency eddy variability at 28°N, 152°W in the eastern North Pacific subtropical gyre. J Phys Oceanogr 18:1670-85.
    • (1988) J Phys Oceanogr , vol.18 , pp. 1670-1685
    • Niiler, P.P.1    Hall, M.L.2
  • 148
    • 0006937688 scopus 로고
    • The three-dimensional circulation near the eastern North Pacific subtropical front
    • Niiler PP, Reynolds RW. 1984. The three-dimensional circulation near the eastern North Pacific subtropical front. J Phys Oceanogr 14:217-30.
    • (1984) J Phys Oceanogr , vol.14 , pp. 217-230
    • Niiler, P.P.1    Reynolds, R.W.2
  • 151
    • 0000047626 scopus 로고
    • 15N tracer studies of the primary nitrite maximum
    • 15N tracer studies of the primary nitrite maximum. J Mar Res 39: 203-26.
    • (1981) J Mar Res , vol.39 , pp. 203-226
    • Olson, R.J.1
  • 152
    • 0026063440 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of phytoplankton pigments in the North Pacific Ocean in relation to physical and optical variability
    • Ondrusek ME, Bidigare RR, Sweet ST, Defreitas DA, Brooks JM. 1991. Distribution of phytoplankton pigments in the North Pacific Ocean in relation to physical and optical variability. Deep-Sea Res 38:243-66.
    • (1991) Deep-sea Res , vol.38 , pp. 243-266
    • Ondrusek, M.E.1    Bidigare, R.R.2    Sweet, S.T.3    Defreitas, D.A.4    Brooks, J.M.5
  • 153
    • 0030982247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A molecular view of microbial diversity and the biosphere
    • Pace NR. 1997. A molecular view of microbial diversity and the biosphere. Science 276:734-40.
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 734-740
    • Pace, N.R.1
  • 154
    • 0023518993 scopus 로고
    • Primary production, new production and vertical flux in the eastern Pacific Ocean
    • Pace ML, Knauer GA, Karl DM, Martin JH. 1987. Primary production, new production and vertical flux in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Nature 325:803-4.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.325 , pp. 803-804
    • Pace, M.L.1    Knauer, G.A.2    Karl, D.M.3    Martin, J.H.4
  • 155
    • 0002853121 scopus 로고
    • Food web structure and loss rate
    • Berger WH, Smetacek VS, Wefer, G, editors New York: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
    • Peinert R, von Bodungen B, Srnetacek VS. 1989. Food web structure and loss rate. In: Berger WH, Smetacek VS, Wefer, G, editors. Productivity of the ocean: present and Past. New York: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. p 35-48.
    • (1989) Productivity of the Ocean: Present and Past , pp. 35-48
    • Peinert, R.1    Von Bodungen, B.2    Srnetacek, V.S.3
  • 156
    • 0000109445 scopus 로고
    • Primary productivity in the central North Pacific: Comparison of oxygen and carbon fluxes
    • Platt T. 1984. Primary productivity in the central North Pacific: comparison of oxygen and carbon fluxes. Deep-Sea Res 31: 1311-9.
    • (1984) Deep-sea Res , vol.31 , pp. 1311-1319
    • Platt, T.1
  • 157
    • 0010140932 scopus 로고
    • Reconciliation of carbon and oxygen fluxes in the upper ocean
    • Platt T, Harrison WG. 1986. Reconciliation of carbon and oxygen fluxes in the upper ocean. Deep-Sea Res 33:273-6.
    • (1986) Deep-sea Res , vol.33 , pp. 273-276
    • Platt, T.1    Harrison, W.G.2
  • 161
    • 0016279594 scopus 로고
    • The ocean's food weh, a changing paradigm
    • Pomeroy LR. 1974. The ocean's food weh, a changing paradigm. BioScience 24:499-504.
    • (1974) BioScience , vol.24 , pp. 499-504
    • Pomeroy, L.R.1
  • 162
    • 0342959620 scopus 로고
    • Microbial processes in the sea: Diversity in nature and science
    • Hobbie JE, Williams PJ leB, editors. New York: Plenum Press
    • Pomeroy LR. 1981. Microbial processes in the sea: diversity in nature and science. In: Hobbie JE, Williams PJ leB, editors. Heterotrophic activity in the sea. New York: Plenum Press. p 1-23.
    • (1981) Heterotrophic Activity in the Sea , pp. 1-23
    • Pomeroy, L.R.1
  • 163
    • 0030621061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convergent evolution masks extensive biodiversity among marine coccoid picoplankton
    • Potter D, Lajeunesse TC, Saunders GW, Andersen, RA. 1997. Convergent evolution masks extensive biodiversity among marine coccoid picoplankton. Biodiversity Conserv 6:99-107.
    • (1997) Biodiversity Conserv , vol.6 , pp. 99-107
    • Potter, D.1    Lajeunesse, T.C.2    Saunders, G.W.3    Andersen, R.A.4
  • 164
    • 84988172944 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between the f-ratio and the P:R ratio in the pelagic ecosystem
    • Quiñones RA, Platt T 1991. The relationship between the f-ratio and the P:R ratio in the pelagic ecosystem. Limnol Oceanogr 36:211-3.
    • (1991) Limnol Oceanogr , vol.36 , pp. 211-213
    • Quiñones, R.A.1    Platt, T.2
  • 166
    • 0002476656 scopus 로고
    • Physiological consequences of extremely small size for autotrophic organisms in the sea
    • Platt T, Li, WKW, editors, Photosynthetic picoplankton
    • Raven JA. 1986. Physiological consequences of extremely small size for autotrophic organisms in the sea. In: Platt T, Li, WKW, editors, Photosynthetic picoplankton. Can Bull Fish Aquat Sci 214:1-70.
    • (1986) Can Bull Fish Aquat Sci , vol.214 , pp. 1-70
    • Raven, J.A.1
  • 167
    • 0001289754 scopus 로고
    • The biological control of chemical factors in the environment
    • Redfield AC. 1958. The biological control of chemical factors in the environment. Am Sci 46:205-22.
    • (1958) Am Sci , vol.46 , pp. 205-222
    • Redfield, A.C.1
  • 169
    • 0001045005 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen saturation and carbon uptake near 28°N, 155°W
    • Reid JL, Shulenberger E. 1986. Oxygen saturation and carbon uptake near 28°N, 155°W. Deep-Sea Res 33:267-71.
    • (1986) Deep-sea Res , vol.33 , pp. 267-271
    • Reid, J.L.1    Shulenberger, E.2
  • 171
    • 0015220687 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen, phosphorus and eutrophication in the coastal marine environment
    • Ryther JH, Dunstan WM. 1971. Nitrogen, phosphorus and eutrophication in the coastal marine environment. Science 171:1008-13.
    • (1971) Science , vol.171 , pp. 1008-1013
    • Ryther, J.H.1    Dunstan, W.M.2
  • 172
    • 0001464646 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogenous nutrition in the euphotic zone of the Central North Pacific Gyre
    • Sahlsten E. 1987. Nitrogenous nutrition in the euphotic zone of the Central North Pacific Gyre. Mar Biol 96:433-9.
    • (1987) Mar Biol , vol.96 , pp. 433-439
    • Sahlsten, E.1
  • 173
    • 0000722942 scopus 로고
    • On the role of bacteria in secondary production
    • Scavia D. 1988. On the role of bacteria in secondary production. Limnol Oceanogr 33:1220-4.
    • (1988) Limnol Oceanogr , vol.33 , pp. 1220-1224
    • Scavia, D.1
  • 174
    • 0033151494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal variations in diatom abundance and downward vertical flux in the oligotrophic North Pacific gyre
    • Scharek R, Latasa M, Karl DM, Bidigare RR. 1999a. Temporal variations in diatom abundance and downward vertical flux in the oligotrophic North Pacific gyre. Deep-Sea Res 46:1051-75.
    • (1999) Deep-sea Res , vol.46 , pp. 1051-1075
    • Scharek, R.1    Latasa, M.2    Karl, D.M.3    Bidigare, R.R.4
  • 175
    • 0033546289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diatom fluxes to the deep sea in the oligotrophic North Pacific gyre at Station 'ALOHA'
    • in press
    • Scharek R, Tupas LM, Karl DM. 1999b. Diatom fluxes to the deep sea in the oligotrophic North Pacific gyre at Station 'ALOHA'. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. (in press).
    • (1999) Mar Ecol Prog Ser.
    • Scharek, R.1    Tupas, L.M.2    Karl, D.M.3
  • 176
    • 0342350777 scopus 로고
    • The Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) science plan
    • Paris: International Council of Scientific Unions
    • Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research. 1990. The Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) science plan. JGOFS Report No. 5. Paris: International Council of Scientific Unions.
    • (1990) JGOFS Report No. 5 , vol.5
  • 177
    • 0001908082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal offset in oceanic production and respiration processes implied by seasonal changes in atmospheric oxygen: The role of heterotrophic microbes
    • Sherr EB, Sherr BF. 1996. Temporal offset in oceanic production and respiration processes implied by seasonal changes in atmospheric oxygen: the role of heterotrophic microbes. Aquat Microb Ecol 11:91-100.
    • (1996) Aquat Microb Ecol , vol.11 , pp. 91-100
    • Sherr, E.B.1    Sherr, B.F.2
  • 179
    • 0017984969 scopus 로고
    • Vertical distributions, diurnal migrations, and sampling problems of hyperiid amphipods in the North Pacific central gyre
    • Shulenberger E. 1978. Vertical distributions, diurnal migrations, and sampling problems of hyperiid amphipods in the North Pacific central gyre. Deep-Sea Res 25:605-23.
    • (1978) Deep-sea Res , vol.25 , pp. 605-623
    • Shulenberger, E.1
  • 180
    • 0019607339 scopus 로고
    • The Pacific shallow oxygen maximum, deep chlorophyll maximum, and primary productivity, reconsidered
    • Shulenberger E, Reid JL. 1981. The Pacific shallow oxygen maximum, deep chlorophyll maximum, and primary productivity, reconsidered. Deep-Sea Res 28A:901-19.
    • (1981) Deep-sea Res , vol.28 A , pp. 901-919
    • Shulenberger, E.1    Reid, J.L.2
  • 181
    • 84986841026 scopus 로고
    • Pelagic ecosystem structure: Heterotrophic compartments of the plankton and their relationship to plankton size fractions
    • Sieburth J McN, Smetacek V, Lenz J. 1978. Pelagic ecosystem structure: heterotrophic compartments of the plankton and their relationship to plankton size fractions. Limnol Oceanogr 23:1256-63.
    • (1978) Limnol Oceanogr , vol.23 , pp. 1256-1263
    • Sieburth, J.McN.1    Smetacek, V.2    Lenz, J.3
  • 182
    • 0023468086 scopus 로고
    • The role of sinking fecal pellets in stratified euphotic zones
    • Small LF, Knauer GA, Tuel MD. 1987. The role of sinking fecal pellets in stratified euphotic zones. Deep-Sea Res 34:1705-12.
    • (1987) Deep-sea Res , vol.34 , pp. 1705-1712
    • Small, L.F.1    Knauer, G.A.2    Tuel, M.D.3
  • 184
    • 0344485841 scopus 로고
    • Measuring the productivity of the sea
    • Bruun n AF, and others, editors. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd.
    • Steemann Nielsen E. 1956. Measuring the productivity of the sea. In: Bruun n AF, and others, editors. The Galathea Deep Sea Expedition 1950-1952. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd. p 53-64.
    • (1956) The Galathea Deep Sea Expedition 1950-1952 , pp. 53-64
    • Steemann Nielsen, E.1
  • 185
    • 84986815045 scopus 로고
    • On the limits to secondary production
    • Strayer D. 1988. On the limits to secondary production. Limnol Oceanogr 33:1217-20.
    • (1988) Limnol Oceanogr , vol.33 , pp. 1217-1220
    • Strayer, D.1
  • 187
    • 0000930274 scopus 로고
    • Production of organic matter in the primary stages of the marine food chain
    • Riley JP, Skirrow G, editors. New York: Academic Press
    • Strickland JDH. 1965. Production of organic matter in the primary stages of the marine food chain. In: Riley JP, Skirrow G, editors. Chemical oceanography. New York: Academic Press. p 477-610.
    • (1965) Chemical Oceanography , pp. 477-610
    • Strickland, J.D.H.1
  • 188
    • 0019105268 scopus 로고
    • Particulate organic carbon flux in the oceans -surface productivity and oxygen utilization
    • Suess E. 1980. Particulate organic carbon flux in the oceans -surface productivity and oxygen utilization. Nature 288:260-3.
    • (1980) Nature , vol.288 , pp. 260-263
    • Suess, E.1
  • 190
    • 0024910832 scopus 로고
    • Variability in the vertical flux of microorganisms and biogenic material in the epipelagic zone of a North Pacific-central gyre station
    • Taylor GT. 1989. Variability in the vertical flux of microorganisms and biogenic material in the epipelagic zone of a North Pacific-central gyre station. Deep-Sea Res 36: 1287-1308.
    • (1989) Deep-sea Res , vol.36 , pp. 1287-1308
    • Taylor, G.T.1
  • 191
    • 0000343935 scopus 로고
    • Phytoplankton nutrient enrichment experiments off Baja California and in the eastern equatorial Pacific-Ocean
    • Thomas WH. 1969. Phytoplankton nutrient enrichment experiments off Baja California and in the eastern equatorial Pacific-Ocean. J Fish Res Bd Can 26:1133-45.
    • (1969) J Fish Res Bd Can , vol.26 , pp. 1133-1145
    • Thomas, W.H.1
  • 192
    • 85004425076 scopus 로고
    • Effect of ammonium and nitrate concentration on chlorophyll increases in natural tropical Pacific phytoplankton populations
    • Thomas WH. 1970. Effect of ammonium and nitrate concentration on chlorophyll increases in natural tropical Pacific phytoplankton populations. Limnol Oceanogr 15:386-94.
    • (1970) Limnol Oceanogr , vol.15 , pp. 386-394
    • Thomas, W.H.1
  • 193
    • 0001975735 scopus 로고
    • Is the downward dissolved organic matter (DOM) flux important in carbon transport?
    • Berger WH, Smetacek VS, Wefer G, editors. New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
    • Toggweiler JR. 1989. Is the downward dissolved organic matter (DOM) flux important in carbon transport? In: Berger WH, Smetacek VS, Wefer G, editors. Productivity of the Ocean: Present and Past. New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. p 65-83.
    • (1989) Productivity of the Ocean: Present and Past , pp. 65-83
    • Toggweiler, J.R.1
  • 194
    • 0025590085 scopus 로고
    • Recent observed interdecadal climate changes in the northern hemisphere
    • Trenberth KE. 1990. Recent observed interdecadal climate changes in the northern hemisphere. Bull Am Meteor Soc 71:988-93.
    • (1990) Bull Am Meteor Soc , vol.71 , pp. 988-993
    • Trenberth, K.E.1
  • 196
    • 0000941749 scopus 로고
    • The southern oscillation
    • Troup AJ. 1965. The southern oscillation. Q J Roy Meteor Soc 91:490-506.
    • (1965) Q J Roy Meteor Soc , vol.91 , pp. 490-506
    • Troup, A.J.1
  • 197
    • 0031889272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid diversification of marine picophytoplankton with dissimilar light-harvesting structures inferred from sequences of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus (Cyanobacteria)
    • Urbach E, Scanlan DJ, Distel DL, Waterbury JB, Chisholm SW. 1998. Rapid diversification of marine picophytoplankton with dissimilar light-harvesting structures inferred from sequences of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus (Cyanobacteria). J Mol Evol 46:188-201.
    • (1998) J Mol Evol , vol.46 , pp. 188-201
    • Urbach, E.1    Scanlan, D.J.2    Distel, D.L.3    Waterbury, J.B.4    Chisholm, S.W.5
  • 198
    • 0001451074 scopus 로고
    • Recurrent groups of diatom species in the North Pacific
    • Venrick EL. 1971. Recurrent groups of diatom species in the North Pacific. Ecology 52:614-25.
    • (1971) Ecology , vol.52 , pp. 614-625
    • Venrick, E.L.1
  • 199
    • 0018529825 scopus 로고
    • The lateral extent and characteristics of the North Pacific central environment at 35°N
    • Venrick EL. 1979. The lateral extent and characteristics of the North Pacific central environment at 35°N. Deep Sea Res 26:1153-78.
    • (1979) Deep Sea Res , vol.26 , pp. 1153-1178
    • Venrick, E.L.1
  • 200
    • 0000739554 scopus 로고
    • Phytoplankton in an oligotrophic ocean: Observations and questions
    • Venrick EL. 1982. Phytoplankton in an oligotrophic ocean: observations and questions. Ecol Monogr 52:129-54.
    • (1982) Ecol Monogr , vol.52 , pp. 129-154
    • Venrick, E.L.1
  • 201
    • 0025623918 scopus 로고
    • Phytoplankton in an oligotrophic ocean: Species structure and interannual variability
    • Venrick EL. 1990. Phytoplankton in an oligotrophic ocean: species structure and interannual variability. Ecology 71:1 547-63.
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 1547-1563
    • Venrick, E.L.1
  • 202
    • 0027095031 scopus 로고
    • Phytoplankton species structure in the central North Pacific: Is the edge like the center?
    • Venrick EL. 1992. Phytoplankton species structure in the central North Pacific: is the edge like the center? J Plankton Res 14:665-80.
    • (1992) J Plankton Res , vol.14 , pp. 665-680
    • Venrick, E.L.1
  • 203
    • 0027840575 scopus 로고
    • Phytoplankton seasonally in the central North Pacific: The endless summer reconsidered
    • Venrick EL. 1993. Phytoplankton seasonally in the central North Pacific: the endless summer reconsidered. Limnol Oceanogr 38:1135-49.
    • (1993) Limnol Oceanogr , vol.38 , pp. 1135-1149
    • Venrick, E.L.1
  • 204
    • 0028851470 scopus 로고
    • Scales ol variability in a stable environment: Phytoplankton in the central North Pacific
    • Powell TM, Steele JH, editors. New York: Chapman & Hall
    • Venrick EL. 1995. Scales ol variability in a stable environment: Phytoplankton in the central North Pacific. In: Powell TM, Steele JH, editors. Ecological time-series. New York: Chapman & Hall. p 150-80.
    • (1995) Ecological Time-series , pp. 150-180
    • Venrick, E.L.1
  • 205
    • 0023520514 scopus 로고
    • Climate and chlorophyll a: Long-term trends in the central North Pacific Ocean
    • Venrick EL, McGowan JA, Cayan DR, Hayward TL. 1987. Climate and chlorophyll a: long-term trends in the central North Pacific Ocean. Science 238:70-2.
    • (1987) Science , vol.238 , pp. 70-72
    • Venrick, E.L.1    McGowan, J.A.2    Cayan, D.R.3    Hayward, T.L.4
  • 206
    • 0027843461 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen transport by migrating diatom mats in the North Pacific Ocean
    • Villareal TA, Altabet MA, Culver-Rymsza K. 1993. Nitrogen transport by migrating diatom mats in the North Pacific Ocean. Nature 363:709-12.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.363 , pp. 709-712
    • Villareal, T.A.1    Altabet, M.A.2    Culver-Rymsza, K.3
  • 207
    • 0024896396 scopus 로고
    • Macro-scale distribution of the quantitative characteristics of plankton in the Pacific Ocean
    • Vinogradov MYe, Shushkina EA. 1989. Macro-scale distribution of the quantitative characteristics of plankton in the Pacific Ocean. Oceanology 29:87-91.
    • (1989) Oceanology , vol.29 , pp. 87-91
    • Vinogradov, M.Ye.1    Shushkina, E.A.2
  • 209
    • 0031402480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary production and plankton stocks in the Pacific Ocean and their seasonal variation according to remote sensing and field observations
    • Vinogradov ME, Shushkina EA, Vedernikov VI, Nezlin NP, Gagarin VI. 1997. Primary production and plankton stocks in the Pacific Ocean and their seasonal variation according to remote sensing and field observations. Deep-Sea Res 44:1979-2001.
    • (1997) Deep-sea Res , vol.44 , pp. 1979-2001
    • Vinogradov, M.E.1    Shushkina, E.A.2    Vedernikov, V.I.3    Nezlin, N.P.4    Gagarin, V.I.5
  • 211
    • 0020090559 scopus 로고
    • Microbial nitrification rates in the primary nitrite maximum off southern California
    • Ward BB, Olson RJ, Perry MJ. 1982. Microbial nitrification rates in the primary nitrite maximum off southern California. Deep-Sea Res 29:247-55.
    • (1982) Deep-sea Res , vol.29 , pp. 247-255
    • Ward, B.B.1    Olson, R.J.2    Perry, M.J.3
  • 213
    • 0025671281 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between primary and export production in the boreal coastal zone of the North Atlantic
    • Wassman P. 1990. Relationship between primary and export production in the boreal coastal zone of the North Atlantic. Limnol Oceanogr 35:464-71.
    • (1990) Limnol Oceanogr , vol.35 , pp. 464-471
    • Wassman, P.1
  • 214
    • 51249161959 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen-pulsed systems on the coast of northwest Spain
    • Wiegert RG, Penas-Lado E. 1995. Nitrogen-pulsed systems on the coast of northwest Spain. Estuaries 18:622-35.
    • (1995) Estuaries , vol.18 , pp. 622-635
    • Wiegert, R.G.1    Penas-Lado, E.2
  • 215
    • 0002211896 scopus 로고
    • Incorporation of microheterotrophic processes into the classical paradigm of the planktonic food web
    • Williams PJ leB. 1981. Incorporation of microheterotrophic processes into the classical paradigm of the planktonic food web. Kieler Meeresforsch Sonderh 5:1-28.
    • (1981) Kieler Meeresforsch Sonderh , vol.5 , pp. 1-28
    • Williams, P.J.L.B.1
  • 216
    • 0002188021 scopus 로고
    • On the definition of plankton production terms
    • Li WKW, Maestrini SY, editors. Measurement of primary production from the molecular to the global scale. Denmark: International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
    • Williams PJ leB. 1993. On the definition of plankton production terms. In: Li WKW, Maestrini SY, editors. Measurement of primary production from the molecular to the global scale. ICES marine science symposia. Volume 197. Denmark: International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. p 9-19.
    • (1993) ICES Marine Science Symposia , vol.197 , pp. 9-19
    • Williams, P.J.L.B.1
  • 217
    • 0032474759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The balance of plankton respiration and photosynthesis in the open oceans
    • Williams PJ leB. 1998. The balance of plankton respiration and photosynthesis in the open oceans. Nature 394:55-7.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.394 , pp. 55-57
    • Williams, P.J.L.B.1
  • 218
    • 0003132287 scopus 로고
    • Group report: Export productivity from the photic zone
    • Berger WH, Smetacek VS, Wefer G, editors. New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
    • Williams PJ LeB, von Rodungen B. 1989. Group report: export productivity from the photic zone. In: Berger WH, Smetacek VS, Wefer G, editors. Productivity of the ocean: present and past. New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. p 99-115.
    • (1989) Productivity of the Ocean: Present and Past , pp. 99-115
    • Williams, P.J.L.B.1    Von Rodungen, B.2
  • 219
    • 0006998771 scopus 로고
    • Radiocarbon in dissolved organic matter in the central North Pacific Ocean
    • Williams PM, Druffel ERM. 1987. Radiocarbon in dissolved organic matter in the central North Pacific Ocean. Nature 330:246-8.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.330 , pp. 246-248
    • Williams, P.M.1    Druffel, E.R.M.2
  • 220
    • 0344485830 scopus 로고
    • Microbial productivity and community growth rate estimates in the tropical North Pacific Ocean
    • Winn CD, Karl DM. 1984. Microbial productivity and community growth rate estimates in the tropical North Pacific Ocean. Biol Oceanogr 3:123-45.
    • (1984) Biol Oceanogr , vol.3 , pp. 123-145
    • Winn, C.D.1    Karl, D.M.2
  • 222
    • 0028387348 scopus 로고
    • There must be a prokaryote somewhere: Microbiology's search for itself
    • Woese CR. 1994. There must be a prokaryote somewhere: microbiology's search for itself. Microbiol Rev 58:1-9.
    • (1994) Microbiol Rev , vol.58 , pp. 1-9
    • Woese, C.R.1
  • 223
    • 0001273104 scopus 로고
    • Fluctuation of the dynamic topography in the Pacific Ocean
    • Wyrtki K. 1975. Fluctuation of the dynamic topography in the Pacific Ocean. J Phys Oceanogr 5:450-9.
    • (1975) J Phys Oceanogr , vol.5 , pp. 450-459
    • Wyrtki, K.1
  • 224
    • 0001476417 scopus 로고
    • Water displacements in the Pacific and the genesis of El Niño cycles
    • Wyrtki K. 1985. Water displacements in the Pacific and the genesis of El Niño cycles. J Geophys Res 90:7129-32.
    • (1985) J Geophys Res , vol.90 , pp. 7129-7132
    • Wyrtki, K.1
  • 225
    • 0031664504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New nitrogen-fixing microorganisms detected in oligotrophic oceans by amplification of nitrogenase (nifH) genes
    • Zehr JP, Mellon MT, Zani S. 1998. New nitrogen-fixing microorganisms detected in oligotrophic oceans by amplification of nitrogenase (nifH) genes. Appl Environ Microbiol 64:3444-50.
    • (1998) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.64 , pp. 3444-3450
    • Zehr, J.P.1    Mellon, M.T.2    Zani, S.3
  • 226
    • 0032568109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin of upper-ocean warming and El Niño change on decadal scales in the tropical Pacific Ocean
    • Zhang R-H, Rothstein LM, Busalacchi AJ. 1998. Origin of upper-ocean warming and El Niño change on decadal scales in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Nature 391:879-83.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.391 , pp. 879-883
    • Zhang, R.-H.1    Rothstein, L.M.2    Busalacchi, A.J.3
  • 227
    • 0030731329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENSO-like interdecadal variability: 1990-93
    • Zhang Y, Wallace JM, Battisti DS. 1997. ENSO-like interdecadal variability: 1990-93. J Climate 10:1004-20.
    • (1997) J Climate , vol.10 , pp. 1004-1020
    • Zhang, Y.1    Wallace, J.M.2    Battisti, D.S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.