Major challenges confronting marine biogeochemical modeling

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

Volumn 13, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 705-714

  Doney, Scott C ^a  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE; BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY; CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY; NUMERICAL MODEL;

EID: 0033372023     PISSN: 08866236     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1999GB900039     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Abbott, M.R., Modeling the southern ocean ecosystem, Rep. 18, 63pp., U.S. Global Ocean Ecosystems Dyn., Berkeley, 1995.
2. Anderson, D.M., Toxic red tides and harmful algal blooms: A practical challenge in coastal oceanography, U.S. Natl. Rep. Int. Union Geod. Geophys. 1991-1994, Rev. Geophys., 29, 1189-1200, 1995.
3. Armstrong, R. A., Grazing limitation and nutrient limitation in marine ecosystems: Steady state solutions of an ecosystem model with multiple food chains, Limnol. Oceanogr., 39, 597-608, 1994.
4. Azam, F., Microbial control of oceanic carbon flux: The plot thickens, Science, 280, 694-696, 1998.
5. Behrenfeld, M.J., and P.G. Falkowski, Photosynthetic rates derived from satellite-based chlorophyll concentrations, Limnol. Oceanogr., 42, 1-20, 1997.
6. Bishop, J.K.B., Transmissometer measurement of POC, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 46, 353-369, 1999.
7. Buesseler, K.O., The decoupling of production and particulate export in the surface ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 12, 297-310, 1998.
8. Capone, D.G., J.P. Zehr, H.W. Paerl, B. Bergman, and E.J. Carpenter, Trichodesmium: A globally significant marine cyanobacterium, Science, 276, 1221-1229, 1997.
9. Carlson, C.A., H.W. Ducklow, and A.F. Michaels, Annual flux of dissolved organic carbon from the euphotic zone in the northwest Sargasso Sea, Nature, 371, 405-408, 1994.
10. Chisholm, S.W., Phytoplankton size, in Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea, edited by P.G. Falkowski and A.D. Woodhead, pp. 213-237, Plenum, New York, 1992.
11. Coale, K.H., et al., A massive phytoplankton bloom induced by an ecosystem-scale iron fertilization experiment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, Nature, 383, 495-501, 1996.
12. Conkright, M.E., S. Levitus, and T.P. Boyer, World Ocean Atlas 1994 Volume 1: Nutrients, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 1, 150p., Washington D.C., 1994.
13. Denman, K., E. Hofmann, and H. Marchant, Marine biotic responses to environmental change and feedbacks to climate, in Climate Change 1995, IPCC, edited by J.T. Houghton, et al., pp. 487-516, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1996.
14. Dickey, T., et al., Initial results from the Bermuda testbed mooring program, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 45, 771-794, 1998.
15. Doney, S.C., A synoptic atmospheric surface forcing data set and physical upper ocean model for the U.S. JGOFS Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study (BATS) site, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 25,615-25,634, 1996.
16. Doney, S.C., D.M. Glover, and R.G. Najjar, A new coupled, one-dimensional biological-physical model for the upper ocean: Applications to the JGOFS Bermuda Atlantic Time Series (BATS) site, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 43, 591-624, 1996.
17. Druffel, E.R.M., P.M. Williams, and J.E. Bauer, Cycling of Dissolved and Particulate Organic Matter in the Open Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 15,639-15,659, 1992.
18. Duce, R.A., and N.W. Tindale, Atmospheric transport of iron and its deposition in the ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 36, 1715-1726, 1991.
19. Dugdale, R.C., and F.P. Wilkerson, Silicate regulation of new production in the equatorial Pacific upwelling, Nature, 391, 270-273, 1998.
20. Eglinton, T.I., B.C. Benitez-Nelson, A. Pearson, A.P. McNichol, J.E. Bauer, and E.R.M. Druffel, Variability in radiocarbon ages of individual organic compounds from marine sediments, Science, 277, 796-799, 1997.
21. England, M.H., Using chlorofluorocarbons to assess ocean climate models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 3051-3054, 1995.
22. Evans, G.T., and V.C. Garcon (Eds.), One-dimensional models of water column biogeochemistry, Rep. 23/97, 85pp., Joint Global Ocean Flux Study, Bergen, Norway, 1997.
23. Falkowski, P.G., P.E. Biscaye, and C. Sancetta, The lateral flux of biogenic particles from the eastern North American continental margin to the North Atlantic Ocean, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 41, 583-601, 1994.
24. Fasham, M.J.R., Variations in the seasonal cycle of biological production in subarctic oceans: A model sensitivity analysis, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 42, 1111-1149, 1995.
25. Fasham, M.J.R., and G.T. Evans, The use of optimisation techniques to model marine ecosystem dynamics at the JGOFS station at 47°N and 20°W, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Series B, B348, 206-209, 1995.
26. Fasham, M.J.R., H.W Ducklow, and S.M. McKelvie, A nitrogen-based model of plankton dynamics in the oceanic mixed layer, J. Mar. Res., 48, 591-639, 1990.
27. Fogarty, M.J., and S.A. Murawski, Large-scale disturbance and the structure of marine systems: fishery impacts on Georges Bank, Ecol. Appl., 8 Supp., S6-S22, 1998.
28. Francis, R.C., and S.R. Hare, Decadal-scale regime shifts in the large marine ecosystems of the North-east Pacific: a case for historical science, Fish. Oceanogr., 3, 279-291, 1994.
29. 2 from a moored bouy, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 42, 1175-1186, 1995.
30. Gent, P.R., and J.C. McWilliams, Isopycnal mixing in ocean circulation models, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 150-155, 1990.
31. Giering, R. and T. Kaminski, Recipes for adjoint code construction. Trans. Math. Software, 24, 437-474, 1998.
32. Glover, D.M., and S.C. Doney, Seasonal global mixed layer PZND model, EOS Trans. AGU, 76 (3), Ocean Sci. Meet. Supp., 168, 1996.
33. 2 data on a 1° × 1° grid throughout the water column below 500 m depth in the Atlantic Ocean, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 44, 1945-1955, 1997.
34. 2 in the oceans, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 10, 809-837, 1996.
35. Haidvogel, D.B., E. Curchitser, M. Iskandarani, R. Hughes and M. Taylor, Global modeling of the ocean and atmosphere using the spectral element method. Atmos. Ocean, 35, 505-531, 1997.
36. Hansell, D.A., and C.A. Carlson, Net community production of dissolved organic carbon, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 12, 443-453, 1998.
37. Harrison, D.E., Vertical velocity variability in the tropical Pacific: A circulation model perspective for JGOFS, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 43, 687-705, 1996.
38. Holfort, J., K.M. Johnson, B. Schneider, G. Siedler, and D.W.R. Wallace, Meridional transport of dissolved inorganic carbon in the South Atlantic Ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 12, 479-499, 1998.
39. Holligan, P.M., et al., A biogeochemical study of the coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi, in the North Atlantic, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 7, 879-900, 1993.
40. Hurtt, G.C., and R.A. Armstrong, A pelagic ecosystem model calibrated with BATS data, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 43, 653-683, 1996.
41. Ishizaka, J., Coupling of Coastal Zone Color Scanner data to a physical-biological model of the Southeastern U.S. continental shelf ecosystem, 3, nutrient and phytoplankton fluxes and CZCS data assimilation, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 20201-20212, 1990.
42. Johnson, K.S., R.M. Gordon, and K.H. Coale, What controls dissolved iron concentrations in the world ocean?, Mar. Chem., 57, 137-161, 1997.
43. Karl, D.M., A sea of change: Biogeochemical variability in the North Pacific subtropical gyre, Ecosystems, 2, 1-37, 1999.
44. Karl, D.M., R. Letelier, D. Hebel, L. Tupas, J. Dore, J. Christian, and C. Winn, Ecosystem changes in the North Pacific subtropical gyre attributed to the 1991-1992 El Nino, Nature, 373, 230-234, 1995.
45. Karl, D., R. Letelier, L. Tupas, J. Dore, J. Christian, and D. Hebel, The role of nitrogen fixation in biogeochemical cycling in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean, Nature, 388, 533-538, 1997.
46. 2 by the Atlantic's thermohaline circulation, Philos. Trans. R. Soc., Ser. B, 348, 133-142, 1995.
47. Lampitt, R.S., and A.M. Anita, Particle flux in deep seas: Regional characteristics and temporal variability, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 44, 1377-1403, 1997.
48. Landry, M.R., et al., Iron and grazing constraints on primary production in the central equatorial Pacific: An EqPac synthesis, Limnol. Oceanogr., 42, 405-418, 1997.
49. Large, W.G., J.C. McWilliams, and S.C. Doney, Oceanic vertical mixing: A review and a model with a nonlocal boundary layer parameterization, Rev. Geophys., 32, 363-403, 1994.
50. Lee, K., R. Wanninkhof, T. Takahashi, S.C. Doney, and R.A. Feely, Low interannual variability in recent oceanic uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide, Nature, 396, 155-159, 1998.
51. Lee-Taylor, J.M., S.C. Doney, G. Brasseur, and J.-F. Muller, A global three-dimensional atmosphere-ocean model of methyl bromide distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 16,039-16,059, 1998.
52. Longhurst, A., Seasonal cycles of pelagic production and consumption, Prog. Oceanogr., 36, 77-167, 1995.
53. Martin, J.H., and S.E. Fitzwater, Iron deficiency limits phytoplankton growth in the north-east Pacific Subarctic, Nature, 331, 341-343, 1988.
54. Martin, J.H., G.A. Knauer, D.M. Karl and W.W. Broenkow, VERTEX: carbon cycling in the northeast Pacific, Deep Sea Res., Part A, 34, 267-285, 1987.
55. Matear, R.J., Parameter optimization and analysis of ecosystem models using simulated annealing: A case study at Station P, J. Mar. Res., 53, 571-607, 1995.
56. Matear, R.J., and G. Holloway, Modeling the inorganic phosphorus cycle of the North Pacific using an adjoint data assimilation model to assess the role of dissolved organic phosphorus. Global Biogeochem. Cycle, 9, 101-119, 1995.
57. McClain, C.R., M.L. Cleave, G.C. Feldman, W.W. Gregg, S.B. Hooker, and N. Kuring, Science quality SeaWiFS data for global biosphere research, Sea Technol., 39, 10-14, 1998.
58. McGillicuddy, D.J., Jr. and A.R. Robinson, Eddy-induced nutrient supply and new production, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 44, 1427-1450, 1997.
59. McGillicuddy, D.J., Jr., A.R. Robinson, D.A. Siegel, H.W. Jannasch, R. Johnson, T.D. Dickey, J. McNeil, A.F. Michaels, and A.H. Knap, Influence of mesoscale eddies on new production in the Sargasso Sea, Nature, 394, 263-266, 1998.
60. McGowan, J.A., D.R. Cayan, and L.M. Dorman, Climate-ocean variability and ecosystem response in the Northeast Pacific, Science, 281, 210-217, 1998.
61. McWilliams, J.C., Modeling the oceanic general circulation, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 28, 215-248, 1996.
62. Murnane, R.J., J.K. Cochran, and J.L. Sarmiento, Estimates of particle- and thorium-cycling rates in the northwest Atlantic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 3373-3392, 1994.
63. Najjar, R.G., J.L. Sarmiento, and J.R. Toggweiler, Downward transport and fate of organic matter in the ocean: Simulations with a general circulation model, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 6, 45-76, 1992.
64. National Research Council, Sustaining Marine Fisheries, 184pp., National Academy Press, Washington D.C., 1999.
65. Nixon, S.W., Coastal eutrophication: A definition, social, causes, and future concerns, Ophelia Supp., 41, 199-220, 1995.
66. Oschlies, A., and V. Garcon, Eddy-induced enhancement of primary production in a model of the North Atlantic Ocean, Nature, 394, 266-269, 1998
67. 2 production: Calculations from ETS activity, Deep Sea Res., Part A, 35, 371-382, 1988.
68. Paerl, H.W., Coastal eutrophication and harmful algal blooms: Importance of atmospheric deposition and groundwater as "new" nitrogen and other nutrient sources, Limnol. Oceanogr., 42, 1154-1165, 1997.
69. Reid, P.C., M. Edwards, H.G. Hunt, and A.J. Warner, Phytoplankton change in the North Atlantic, Nature, 391, 546, 1998.
70. Robinson, A.R., Physical processes, field estimation and an approach to interdisciplinary ocean modeling, Earth Sci. Rev., 40, 3-54, 1996.
71. Sambrotto, R.N., G. Savidge, C. Robinson, P. Boyd, T. Takahashi, D.M. Karl, C. Langdon, D. Chipman, J. Marra, and L. Codespoti, Elevated consumption of carbon relative to nitrogen in the surface ocean, Nature, 363, 248-250, 1993.
72. Sarmiento, J.L., R.D. Slater, and M.J.R. Fasham, A seasonal three-dimensional ecosystem model of nitrogen cycling in the North Atlantic euphotic zone, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 7, 417-450, 1993.
73. Schlitzer, R., Applying the adjoint method for global biogeochemical modeling, in Inverse Methods in Global Biogeochemical Cycles, edited by P. Kasibhatla et al., AGU Geophys. Monograph Series, in press, 1999.
74. Six, K.D., and E. Maier-Reimer, Effects of plankton dynamics on seasonal carbon fluxes in an ocean general circulation model, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 10, 559-583, 1996.
75. Smith, R.D., M.E. Maltrud, F.O. Bryan, and M.W. Hecht, Numerical simulation of the North Atlantic at 1/10°, J. Phys. Oceanogr., in press, 1999.
76. Smith, S.V., and J.T. Hollibaugh, Coastal metabolism and the oceanic organic carbon balance, Rev. Geophys., 31, 75-89, 1993.
77. Spall, M.A., and W.R. Holland, A nested primitive equation model for oceanic applications, . J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 205-220, 1991.
78. Spitz, Y.H., J.R. Moisan, M.R. Abbott, and J.G. Richman, Data assimilation and a pelagic ecosystem model: Parameterization using time series observations, J. Mar. Syst., 16, 51-68, 1998.
79. Takahashi, T., R.A. Feely, R.F. Weiss, R.H. Wanninkhof, D.W. Chipman, S.C. Sutherland, and T.T. Takahashi, Global air-sea flux of CO2: An estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO2 difference, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A., 94, 8929-8299, 1997.
80. U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (U.S. JGOFS), Report of the U.S. JGOFS Workshop on Modeling and Data Assimilation, Planning Report Number 14, 28pp., U.S. JGOFS Planning Office, Woods Hole, MA, 1992.
81. Venrick, E.L., J.A. McGowan, D.R. Cayan, and T.L. Hayward, Climate and chlorophyll a: Longterm trends in the central North Pacifc Ocean, Science, 238, 70-72, 1987.
82. 3 fluxes in the central North Pacific, J. Plankton Res., 18, 1103-1121, 1996.
83. Wakeham, S.G., C. Lee, J.I. Hedges, P.J. Hernes, and M.L. Peterson, Molecular indicators of diagenic status in marine organic matter, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 61, 5363-5369, 1997.
84. Wallace, D.W.R., Monitoring global ocean carbon inventories, 54pp. Ocean Obs. Syst. Dev. Panel, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, 1995.
85. Walsh, J.J., Importance of continental margins in the marine biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nitrogen, Nature, 350, 53-55, 1991.
86. Wanninkhof, R., Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 7373-7382, 1992.
87. Yoder, J.A., S.G. Ackleson, R.T. Barber, P. Flament, and W.M. Balch, A line in the sea, Nature, 371, 689-692, 1994.
88. S. C. Doney, Climate and Global Dynamics, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80027. (doney@ncar.ucar.edu)