Manganese and iron in hydrothermal plumes resulting from the 1996 Gorda Ridge event

Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

Volumn 45, Issue 12, 1998, Pages 2683-2712

  Massoth, Gary J ^a   Baker, Edward T ^a   Feely, Richard A ^a   Lupton, John E ^b   Collier, Robert W ^c   Gendron, James F ^a   Roe, Kevin K ^a   Maenner, Stacy M ^a   Resing, Joseph A ^a  

^a NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^b NOAA PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^c OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HYDROGEOCHEMISTRY; HYDROTHERMAL PLUME; IRON; MANGANESE; MID-OCEAN RIDGE; VOLCANIC ERUPTION;

PACIFIC OCEAN;

EID: 0032452879     PISSN: 09670645     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00089-7     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Baker, E.T., 1998. Patterns of event and chronic hydrothermal venting following a magmatic intrusion: New perspectives from the 1996 Gorda Ridge eruption. Deep-Sea Research II 45, 2599-2618.
2. Baker, E.T., Massoth, G.J., Feely, R.A., 1987a. Cataclysmic hydrothermal venting on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Nature 329, 149-151.
3. Baker, E.T., Massoth, G.J., Collier, R.W., Trefry, J.H., Kadko, D., Nelsen, T.A., Rona, P.A., Lupton, J.E., 1987b. Evidence for high-temperature hydrothermal venting on the Gorda Ridge, northeast Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Research 34, 1461-1476.
4. Baker, E.T., Lavelle, J.W., Feely, R.A., Massoth, G.J., Walker, S.L., Lupton, J.E., 1989. Episodic venting of hydrothermal fluids from the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Journal of Geophysical Research 94, 9237-9250.
5. Baker, E.T., Massoth, G.J., Walker, S.L., Embley, R.W., 1993. A method for quantitatively estimating diffuse and discrete hydrothermal discharge. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 118, 235-249.
6. Baker, E.T., Massoth, G.J., Feely, R.A., Embley, R.W., Thomson, R.E., Burd, B.J., 1995. Hydrothermal event plumes from the CoAxial seafloor eruption site, Juan de Fuca Ridge. Geophysical Research Letters 22(2), 147-150.
7. Baker, E.T., Massoth, G.J., Feely, R.A., Cannon, G.A., Thomson, R.E., 1998. The rise and fall of the CoAxial hydrothermal site, 1993-1996. Journal of Geophysical Research 103, 9791-9806.
8. Buffle, J, Leppard, G.G., 1995. Characterization of aquatic colloids and macromolecules. 1. Structure and behavior of colloid material. Environmental Science and Technology 29(9), 2169-2175.
9. Butterfield, D.A., Jonasson, I.R., Massoth, G.J., Feely, R.A., Roe, K.K., Embley, R.E., Holden, J.F., McDuff, R.E., Lilley, M.D., Delaney, J.R., 1997. Seafloor eruptions and evolution of hydrothermal chemistry. Philosophic Transactions of the Royal Society of London A 355, 369-386.
10. Campbell, A.C., Burns, R.G., Edmond, J.M., Elderfield, H., Greaves, M., 1990. Chemistry and mineralogy of buoyant hydrothermal plume particles: TAG and MARK vents mid-Atlantic ridge. EOS Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 71, 1651.
11. Cann, J.R., Strens, M.R., 1989. Modeling periodic megaplume emission by black smoker systems. Journal of Geophysical Research 94(B9), 12227-12237.
12. Cathles, L.M., 1993. A capless 350°C flow zone model to explain megaplumes, salinity variations, and high-temperature veins in ridge axis hydrothermal systems. Economic Geology 88, 1977-1988.
13. Chadwick Jr, W.W., Embley, R.W., Fox, C.G., 1991. Evidence for volcanic eruption on the southern Juan de Fuca ridge between 1981 and 1987. Nature 350, 416-418.
14. Chadwick Jr, W.W., Embley, R.W., Fox, C.G., 1995. SeaBeam depth changes associated with recent lava flows, CoAxial segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge: evidence for multiple eruptions between 1981-1993. Geophysical Research Letters 22(2), 167-170.
15. Chadwick, Jr, W.W., Embley, R.W., Shank, T.M., 1998. The 1996 Gorda Ridge eruption: Geologic mapping, sidescan sonar, and SeaBeam comparison results. Deep-Sea Research II 45, 2547-2569.
16. Chin, C.S., Coale, K.H., Elrod, V.A., Johnson, K.S., Massoth, G.J., Baker, E.T., 1994. In situ observations of dissolved iron and manganese in hydrothermal vent plumes, Juan de Fuca Ridge. Journal of Geophysical Research 99(B3), 4969-4984.
17. Collier, R.W., Baker, E.T., 1990. Hydrography and geochemistry of northern Gorda Ridge. In: McMurray, G.R. (Ed.), Gorda Ridge, A Seafloor Spreading Center in the United States' Exclusive Economic Zone. Springer, New York, pp. 21-30.
18. Delaney, J.R., Kelley, D.S., Lilley, M.D., Butterfield, D.A., Baross, J.A., Wilcock, W.S.D., Embley, R.W., Summit, M., 1998. The quantum event of oceanic crustal accretion: Impacts of diking at mid-ocean ridges. Science 281, 222-230.
19. Dickson, A.G., 1984. pH scales and proton-transfer reactions in saline media such as sea water. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 48, 2299-2308.
20. Dziak, R.P., Fox, C.G., Schreiner, A.E., 1995. The June-July 1993 seismo-acoustic event at the CoAxial segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge: Evidence for a lateral dike injection. Geophysical Research Letters 22(2), 135-138.
21. Embley, R.E., Chadwick, W., Perfit, M.R., Baker, E.T., 1991. Geology of the northern Cleft segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge: recent lava flows, sea-floor spreading, and formation of megaplumes. Geology 19, 771-775.
22. Embley, R.E., Chadwick, W.W., Jonasson, I.R., Butterfield, D.A., Baker, E.T., 1995. Initial results of the rapid response to the 1993 CoAxial event: Relationships between hydrothermal and volcanic processes. Geophysical Research Letters 22(2), 143-146.
23. Feely, R.A., Massoth, G.J., Baker, E.T., Cowen, J.P., Lamb, M.F., Krogslund, K.A., 1990. The effect of hydrothermal processes on mid-water phosphorus distributions in the northeast Pacific. Earth Planetary Science Letters 96, 305-318.
24. Feely, R.A., Baker, E.T., Lebon, G.T., Gendron, J.F., Massoth, G.J., Mordy, M., 1998. Chemical variations of hydrothermal particles in the 1996 Gorda Ridge event and chronic plumes. Deep-Sea Research II 45, 2637-2664.
25. Fornari, D.J., Shank, T., Von Damm, K.L., Gregg, T.K.P., Lilley, M., Levai, G., Bray, A., Haymon, R.M., Perfit, M.R., Lutz, R., 1998. Time-series temperature measurements at high-temperature hydrothermal vents, East Pacific Rise 9°49′-51″N: Evidence for monitoring a crustal cracking front. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 160, 419-431.
26. Fox, C.G. Dziak, R.P., 1998. Hydroacoustic detection of volcanic activity on the Gorda Ridge, February-March, 1996. Deep-Sea Research II 45, 2513-2530.
27. Fox, C.G., Dziak, R.P., Matsumoto, H., Schreiner, A.E., 1993. Potential for monitoring low-level seismicity on the Juan de Fuca Ridge using military hydrophone arrays. MTS Journal 27(4), 22-30.
28. Johnson, K.S., Beehler, C.L., Sakamoto-Arnold, C.M., 1986. A submersible flow analysis system. Analytica Chimica Acta 179, 245-257.
29. 3He concentrations in hydrothermal plumes associated with the 1996 Gorda Ridge eruptive event. Deep Sea Research II 45, 2665-2682.
30. Landing, W.M., Haraldsson, C., Paxeus, N. 1986. Vinyl polymer agglomerate based transition metal cation ion-exchange resin containing the 8-hydroxyquinoline functional group. Anal. Chem. 58, 3031-3035.
31. Lavelle, J.W., 1995. The initial rise of a hydrothermal plume from a line segment source - results from a three-dimensional numerical model. Geophysical Research Letters 22(2), 159-162.
32. Lavelle, J.W., Baker, E.T., Massoth, G.J., 1998. On the calculation of total heat, salt and tracer fluxes from ocean hydrothermal events. Deep Sea Research II 45, 2619-2636.
33. Lowell, R.P., Germanovich, L.N., 1995. Dike injection and the formation of megaplumes at ocean ridges. Science 267, 1804-1807.
34. 2 system calculations. Report ORNL-CDIAC-105, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 21 pp.
35. Lupton, J.E., 1995. Hydrothermal plumes: near and far field. In: Humphris, S.E., Zierenberg, R.A., Mullineaux, S.L., Thomson, R.E. (Eds.) Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological, and Geological Interactions, Geophysical Monograph, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp. 317-346.
36. 3He/heat ratios in submarine hydrothermal systems: evidence from two plumes over the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Nature 337, 161-164.
37. Lupton, J.E. 1990. Water column hydrothermal plumes on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Journal of Geophysical Research 95, 12829-12842.
38. Lupton, J.E., Baker, E.T., Garfield, N., Massoth, G., Feely, R., Cowen, J., Greene, R., Rago, T., 1998. Tracking the evolution of a hydrothermal event plume using a RAFOS neutrally buoyant drifter. Science 280, 1052-1055.
39. Massoth, G.J., Milburn, H.B., Johnson, K.S., Coale, K.H., Stapp, M.F., Meinig, C., Baker, E.T., 1991. SUAVE (Submersible System Used to Assess Vented Emissions) approach to plume sensing: the Buoyant Plume Experiment at Cleft Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge, and plume exploration along the EPR 9-11°N. EOS Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 72(44), 234.
40. Massoth, G.J., Baker, E.T., Lupton, J.E., Feely, R.A., Butterfield, D.A., Von Damm, K., Roe, K.K., Lebon, G.T., 1994. Temporal and spatial variability of hydrothermal manganese and iron at Cleft segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge. Journal Geophysical Research 99, 4905-4923.
41. Massoth, G.J., Baker, E.T., Feely, R.A., Butterfield, D.A., Embley, R.E., Lupton, J.E., Thomson, R.E., Cannon, G.A., 1995. Observations of manganese and iron at the CoAxial seafloor eruption site, Juan de Fuca Ridge. Geophysical Research Letters 22(2), 151-154.
42. Measures, C., Yuan, J., Resing, J., 1995. Determination of iron in seawater by flow injection analysis using in-line preconcentration and spectrophotometric detection. Marine Chemistry 50, 3-12.
43. Millero, F.J., Sotolongo, S., Izaguirre, M., 1987. The oxidation kinetics of Fe(II)in seawater. Geochimica et Cosmochimica, Acta 51, 793-801.
44. Pruis, M.J., Johnson, H.P., 1998. Porosity of very young oceanic crust from sea floor gravity measurements. Geophysical Research Letters 25(11), 1959-1962.
45. Resing, J.A., Mottl, M., 1992. Determination of manganese in seawater using flow injection analysis with online preconcentration and spectrophotometric detection. Analytical Chemistry 64, 2682-2687.
46. Riddihough, R.P., 1980. Gorda plate motions from magnetic anomaly analysis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 51, 163-170.
47. Rona, P.A., Dillinger, R.P., Fisk, M.R., Howard, K.J., Tagon, G.L., Klitgord, K.D., McClain, J.S., McMurray, G.R., Wiltshire, J.C., 1990. Major off-axis hydrothermal activity on the northern Gorda Ridge. Geology 18, 493-496.
48. Rubin, K., 1997. Degassing of metals and metalloids from erupting seamount and mid-ocean ridge volcanoes: observations and predictions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 61(17), 3525-3542.
49. 210Pb dating of recent volcanic eruptions on the sea floor. Nature 368, 841-844.
50. Seyfried, Jr, W.E., Janecky, D.R., 1985. Heavy metal and sulfur transport during subcritical and supercritical hydrothermal alteration of basalt: Influence of fluid pressure and basalt composition and crystalunity. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 49, 2545-2560.
51. Seyfried, Jr. W.E., Mottl, M.J., 1982. Hydrothermal alteration of basalt by seawater under seawater-dominated conditions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 46, 985-1002.
52. Sohn, R.A., Fornari, D.J., Von Damm, K.L., et al., (1998) Seismic, thermal, and chemical evidence for a propagating hydrothermal cracking event on the East Pacific Rise crest (9°50′N). Nature, (in press).
53. Stumm, W., Morgan, J.J., 1981. Aquatic Chemistry, 2nd ed. Wiley-Interscience, New York, p. 780.
54. Summit, M., Baross, J.A., 1998. Thermophillic subseafloor microorganisms from the 1996 North Gorda Ridge Eruption. Deep-Sea Research II 45, 2751-2766.
55. Van der Giessen, 1966. The stucture of Fe(III) oxide-hydrate gels. Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 28, 2155-2159.
56. Von Damm, K.L., Oosting, S.E., Kozlowski, R., Buttermore, L.G., Colodner, D.C., Edmonds, H.N., Edmond, J.M., Gregmeier, J.M., 1995. Evolution of East Pacific Rise hydrothermal vent fields following a volcanic eruption. Nature 375, 47-50.
57. Walker, S.L., Baker, E.T., 1988. Particle-size distributions within hydrothermal plumes over the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Marine Geology 78, 217-226.
58. Wells, M.L., Goldberg, E.D., 1993. Colloid aggregation in seawater. Marine Chemistry 41, 353-358.
59. Wilcock, W.S.D., 1997. A model for the formation of transient event plumes above mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems. Journal Geophysical Research 102(B6), 12109-12121.