Chloromethyl-X-rosamine (MitoTracker Red) photosensitises mitochondria and induces apoptosis in intact human cells

Journal of Cell Science

Volumn 112, Issue 14, 1999, Pages 2419-2430

  Minamikawa, Tetsuhiro ^a   Sriratana, Absorn ^a   Williams, David A ^b   Bowser, David N ^b   Hill, John S ^b,c   Nagley, Phillip ^a  

^a MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^c Miravant Medical Technologies   (United States)

Author keywords

Apoptosis; Chloromethyl X rosamine; Mitochondrion; MitoTracker Red; Photosensitiser

Indexed keywords

CYCLOSPORIN A; CYTOCHROME C; FLUORESCENT DYE; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENT; PROPIDIUM IODIDE; RHODAMINE 123;

APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; CELL KILLING; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; CONTROLLED STUDY; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; IRRADIATION; LASER MICROSCOPY; MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE; OSTEOSARCOMA; PHOTOSENSITIVITY; PHOTOTOXICITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION DOSE;

APOPTOSIS; CELL LINE; CYTOCHROME C GROUP; FLUORESCENT DYES; HUMANS; INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES; LIGHT; MEMBRANE POTENTIALS; MICROSCOPY, CONFOCAL; MICROSCOPY, FLUORESCENCE; MITOCHONDRIA; ORGANIC CHEMICALS; PERMEABILITY; PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY; PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS;

EID: 0032780959     PISSN: 00219533     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Ball, D. J., Luo, Y., Kessel, D., Griffiths, J., Brown, S. B. and Vernon, D. I. (1998). The induction of apoptosis by a positively charged methylene blue derivative. J. Photochem. Photohiol. B. 42, 159-163.
2. Bernardi, P., Basso, E., Colonna, R., Costantini, P., Di Lisa, F., Eriksson, O., Fontaine, E., Forte, M., Ichas, F., Massari, S., Nicolli, A., Petronilli, V. and Scorrano, L. (1998). Perspectives on the mitochondrial permeability transition. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1365, 200-206.
3. 0 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 22983-22989.
4. Chow, A., Kennedy, R., Pottier, R. and Truscott, T. G. (1986). Rhodamine 123 - photophysical and photochemical properties. Photobiochem. Photobiophys. 11, 139-148.
5. Cossarizza, A., Kalashnikova, G., Grassilli, E., Chiappelli, F., Salvioli, S., Capri, M., Barbieri, D., Troiano, L., Monti, D. and Franceschi, C. (1994). Mitochondrial modifications during rat thymocyte apoptosis: A study at the single cell level. Exp. Cell Res. 214, 323-330.
6. Foote, C. S. (1968). Mechanisms of photosensitized oxidation. There are several different types of photosensitized oxidation which may be important in biological systems. Science 162, 963-970.
7. Haugland, R. P. (1996). Cell-permeant probes for mitochondria. In Handbook of Fluorescent Probes and Research Chemicals (ed. M. T. Z. Spence), pp. 266-274. Molecular Probes, Inc.: Eugene, OR.
8. Hill, J. S., Kahl, S. B., Kaye, A. H., Stylli, S. S., Koo, M.-S., Gonzales, M. F., Vardaxis, N. J. and Johnson, C. I. (1992). Selective tumor uptake of a boronated porphyrin in an animal model of cerebral glioma. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 1785-1789.
9. Hill, J. S., Kahl, S. B., Stylli, S. S., Nakamura, Y., Koo, M.-S. and Kaye, A. H. (1995). Selective tumor kill of cerebral glioma by photodynamic therapy using a boronated porphyrin photosensitizer. Proc. Nat. Acatl. Sci. USA 92, 12126-12130.
10. Hueser, J., Rechenmacher, C. E. and Blatter, L. A. (1998). Imaging the permeability pore transition in single mitochondria. Biophvs. J. 74, 2129-2137.
11. James, A. M., Wei, Y. H., Pang, C. Y. and Murphy, M. P. (1996). Altered mitochondrial function in fibroblasts containing MELAS or MERRF mitochondrial DNA mutations. Biochem. J. 318, 401-407.
12. Johnson, L. V., Walsh, M. L. and Chen, L. B. (1980). Localization of mitochondria in living cells with rhodamine 123. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 990-994.
13. Kaye, A. H. and Hill, J. S. (1992). Photodynamic therapy of cerebral tumors. Neurosurgery Quarterly 1, 233-258.
14. Kaye, A. H., Morstyn, G. and Ashcroft, R. G. (1985). Uptake and retention of haematoporphyrin derivative in an in vivo/in vitro model of cerebral glioma. Neurosurgery 17, 883-890.
15. Kessel, D. and Luo, Y. (1998). Mitochondrial photodamage and PDT-induced apoptosis. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B. 42, 89-95.
16. King, M. P. and Attardi, G. (1989). Human cells lacking mtDNA: repopulation with exogenous mitochondria by complementation. Science 246, 500-503.
17. Kluck, R. M., Bossy-Wetzel, E., Green, D. R. and Newmeyer, D. D. (1997). The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria: A primary site for Bcl-2 regulation of apoptosis. Science 275, 1132-1136.
18. Macho, A., Decaudin, D., Castedo, M., Hirsch, T., Susin, S. A., Zamzami, N. and Kroemer, G. (1996). Chloromethyl-X-rosamine is an aldehyde-fixable potential-sensitive fluorochrome for the detection of early apoptosis. Cytometry 25, 333-340.
19. Marchetti, P., Decaudin, D., Macho, A., Zamzami, N., Hirsch, T., Susin, S. A. and Kroemer, G. (1997). Redox regulation of apoptosis: impact of thiol oxidation status on mitochondrial function. Eur. J. Immunol. 27, 289-296.
20. Mignotte, B. and Vayssiere, J.-L. (1998). Mitochondria and apoptosis. Eur. J. Biochem. 252, 1-15.
21. Minamikawa, T., Williams, D. A., Bowser, D. N. and Nagley, P. (1999). Mitochondrial permeability transition and swelling can occur reversibly without inducing cell death in intact human cells. Exp. Cell Res. 246, 26-37.
22. Munday, A. D., Sriratana, A., Hill, J. S., Kahl, S. B. and Nagley, P. (1996). Mitochondria are the functional intracellular target for a photosensitizing boronated porphyrin. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1311, 1-4.
23. Oseroff, A. R., Ohuoha, D., Ara, G., McAuliffe, D., Foley, J. and Cincotta, L. (1986). Intramitochondrial dyes allow selective in vitro photolysis of carcinoma cells. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 9729-9733.
24. Penning, L. C. and Dubbelman, T. M. (1994). Fundamentals of photodynamic therapy: cellular and biochemical aspects. Anticancer Drugs 5, 139-146.
25. Petit, P. X., Susin, S.-A., Zamzami, N., Mignotte, B. and Kroemer, G. (1996). Mitochondria and programmed cell death: back to the future. FEBS Lett 396, 7-13.
26. Petronilli, V., Miotto, G., Canton, M., Brini, M., Colonna, R., Bernardi, P. and Di Lisa, F. (1999). Transient and long-lasting openings of the rnitochondrial permeability transition pore can be monitored directly in intact cells by changes in mitochondrial calcein fluorescence. Biophys. J. 76, 725-734.
27. Poot, M., Zhang, Y.-Z., Kraemer, J. A., Wells, K. S., Jones, L. J., Hanzel, D. K., Lugade, A. G., Singer, V. L. and Haugland, R. P. (1996). Analysis of mitochondrial morphology and function with novel fixable fluorescent stains. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 44, 1363-1372.
28. Popovic, E. A., Kaye, A. H. and Hill, J. S. (1995). Photodynamic therapy of brain tumors. Semin. Surg. Oncol. 11, 335-345.
29. Porteous, W. K., James, A. M., Sheard, P. W., Porteous, C. M., Packer, M. A., Hyslop, S. J., Melton, J. V., Pang, C.-Y., Wei, Y.-H. and Murphy, M. P. (1998). Bioenergetic consequences of accumulating the common 4977-bp mitochondrial DNA deletion. Eur. J. Biochem. 257, 192-201.
30. Powers, S. K., Pribil, S., Gillespie, G. Y. and Watkins, P. J. (1986). Laser photochemotherapy of rhodamine-123 sensitized human glioma cells in vitro. J. Neurosurg. 64, 918-923.
31. Richmond, R. C. and O'Hara, J. A. (1993). Effective photodynamic action by rhodamine 123 leading to photosensitized killing of Chinese hamster ovary cells in tissue culture and a proposed mechanism. Photochem. Photobiol. 57, 291-297.
32. Salet, C. and Moreno, G. (1990). New trends in photobiology (Invited review). Photosensitization of mitochondria. Molecular and cellular aspects. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B. 5, 133-150.
33. Shea, C. R., Chen, N., Wimberly, J. and Hasan, T. (1989) Rhodamine dyes as potential agents for photochemotherapy of cancer in human bladder carcinoma cells. Cancer Res. 49, 3961-3965.
34. Skulachev, V. P. (1996). Why are mitochondria involved in apoptosis? Permeability transition pores and apoplosis as selective mechanisms to eliminate superoxide-producing mitochondria and cell. FEBS Lett. 397, 7-10.
35. van Hillegersberg, R., Kort, W. J. and Wilson, J. H. (1994). Current status of photodynamic therapy in oncology. Drugs 48, 510-527.
36. Varnes, M. E., Chiu, S.-M., Xue, L.-Y. and Oleinick, N. L. (1999). Photodynamic therapy-induced apoptosis in lymphoma cells: Translocation of cytochrome c causes inhibition of respiration as well as caspase activation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 255, 673-679.
37. Yang, J., Liu, X., Bhalla, K., Kim, C. N., Ibrado, A. M., Cai, J., Peng, T. I., Jones, D. P. and Wang, X. (1997). Prevention of apoptosis by Bcl-2: release of cytochrome c from mitochondria blocked. Science 275, 1129-1132.
38. Zhang, C., Sriratana, A., Minamikawa, T. and Nagley, P. (1998). Photosensitisation properties of mitochondrially localised green fluorescent protein. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 242, 390-395.