Adjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer

World Journal of Surgery

Volumn 23, Issue 9, 1999, Pages 937-945

  Ghaneh, Paula ^a   Kawesha, Anthony ^a   Howes, Nathan ^a   Jones, Lucie ^a   Neoptolemos, John P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

1853U8; 1853U89; ALPHA INTERFERON; CISPLATIN; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DIPYRIDAMOLE; DNA TOPOISOMERASE INHIBITOR; DOXORUBICIN; FLUOROURACIL; FLUTAMIDE; FOLINIC ACID; FUMAGILLOL CHLOROACETYLCARBAMATE; GEMCITABINE; IRINOTECAN; MARIMASTAT; METHOTREXATE; MITOMYCIN C; MITOXANTRONE; PEMETREXED; PLEVITREXED; PROTEIN FARNESYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR; RALTITREXED; RAS PROTEIN; SPARFOSIC ACID; TAXANE DERIVATIVE; THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE INHIBITOR; TOPOTECAN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VACCINE; VINCRISTINE;

ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER ADJUVANT THERAPY; CANCER COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER SURVIVAL; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONFERENCE PAPER; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; HUMAN; INTRAARTERIAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PANCREAS CANCER; REGIONAL PERFUSION;

ANTIMETABOLITES, ANTINEOPLASTIC; CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT; FLUOROURACIL; HUMANS; PANCREATIC NEOPLASMS; RADIOTHERAPY DOSAGE; RADIOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0032770551     PISSN: 03642313     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s002689900603     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (98)

1. Bramhall, S.R., Allum, W.H., Jones, A.G., Allwood, A., Cummins, C., Neoptolemos, J.P.: Incidence treatment and survival in 13,560 patients with pancreatic cancer: an epidemiological study in the West Midlands. Br. J. Surg. 82:111, 1995
2. Lieberman, M.D., Kilburn, H., Lindsey, M., Brennan, M.F.: Relation of perioperative deaths to hospital volume among patients undergoing pancreatic resection for malignancy. Ann. Surg. 222:638, 1995
3. Neoptolemos, J.P., Russell, R.C.G., Bramhall, S., Theis, B.: Low mortality following resection for pancreatic and periampullary tumours in 1026 patients: UK survey of specialist pancreatic units. Br. J. Surg. 84:1370, 1997
4. Neiderhuber, J.E., Brennan, M.F., Menck, H.R.: The national cancer data hase report on pancreatic cancer. Cancer 76:1671, 1995
5. Wade, T.P., Halaby, I.A., Stapleton, D.R., Virgo, K.S., Johnson, F.E.: Population based analysis of treatment of pancreatic cancer and Whipple resection: Department of Defense hospitals 1989-1994. Surgery 120:680, 1996
6. Edge, S.B., Schmieg, R., Jr., Rosenlof, L.K., Willhelm, M.C.: Pancreas cancer resection outcome in American university centers in 1989-1990. Cancer 71:3502, 1993
7. Yeo, C.J., Cameron, J.L., Lillimoe, K.D., Sitzman, J.V., Hiruban, R.H., Goodman, S.N., Dooley, W.C., Coleman, J., Pitt, H.A.: Pancreatoduodenectomy for cancer of the head of the pancreas in 201 patients. Ann. Surg. 221:721, 1995
8. Conlon, K.C., Klimstra, D.S., Brennan, M.F.: Long term survival after curative resection for pancreatic ducial adenocarcinoma: clinicopathologic analysis of 5 year survivors. Ann. Surg. 223:273, 1996
9. Trede, M., Schwall, G., Saeger, H-D.: Survival after pancreatoduodenectomy: 118 consecutive resections without an operative mortality. Ann. Surg. 211:447, 1990
10. Ishikawa, O., Ohigashi, H., Sasaki, Y., Kabuto, T., Fukunda, I., Furukawa, H., Imaoka, S., Iwanaga, T.: Practical usefulness of lymphatic and connective tissue clearance for the carcinoma of the pancreas head. Ann. Surg. 208:215, 1988
11. Nagakawa, T., Konishi, I., Ueno, K., Ohta, T., Akiyama, T., Kayahara, M., Miyazaki, I.: Surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer: the Japanese experience. Int. J. Pancreatol. 9:135, 1991
12. Swope, T.J., Wade, T.P., Neuberger, T.J., Virgo, K.S., Johnson, F.E.: A reappraisal of total pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer: results from US Veterans Affairs Hospitals 1987-1991. Am. J. Surg. 168:582, 1994
13. Nitecki, S.S., Sarr, M.G., Colby, T.V., Van Heerden, J.A.: Long term survival after resection for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: it is really improving? Ann. Surg. 221:59, 1995
14. Brennan, M.F., Moccia, R.D., Klimstra, D.: Management of adenocarcinoma of the body and tail of the pancreas. Ann. Surg. 5:506, 1996
15. Nagakawa, T., Nagamori, M., Futakami, F., Tsukioka, Y., Kayahara, M., Ohta, T., Ueno, K., Miyazaki, I.: Results of extensive surgery for pancreatic carcinoma. Cancer 77:640, 1996
16. Sperti, C., Pasquali, C., Piccoli, A., Pedrazzolli, S.: Survival after resection for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Br. J. Surg. 83:625, 1996
17. Pedrazzolli, S., Di Carlo, V., Dionigi, R., Michelassi, F., Mosca, F., Pederzoli, P.: Better results with extended lymphadenectomy (LY) in surgical treatment of pancreatic head cancer: results of a prospective randomised multicenter trial (abstract). Gastroenterology 112:A254, 1997
18. Satake, K., Nishiwaki, H., Yokomatsu, H., Kawazoe, Y., Kim, K., Haku, A., Umeyama, K., Miyazaki, I.: Surgically curability and prognosis for standard versus extended resection for T1 carcinoma of the pancreas. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 175:259, 1992
19. Geer, R.J., Brennan, M.F.: Prognostic indicators for survival after resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Am. J. Surg. 165:68, 1993
20. Allema, J.H., Reinders, M.E., Vangulik, T.M., Koelemay, M.J.W., Vanleeuwen, D.J., Dewit, L.T., Gouma, D.J., Obertop, H.: Prognostic factors for survival after pancreaticduodenectomy for patients with carcinoma of the pancreatic head region. Cancer 75:2069, 1995
21. Cameron, J.L., Crist, D.W., Sitzmann, J.V., Hruban, R.H., Boinott, J.K., Seidler, A.J., Coleman, J.: Factors influencing survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer. Am. J. Surg. 161: 120, 1991
22. Wade, T.P., Kraybill, W.G., Virgo, K.S., Johnson, F.E.: Pancreatic cancer treatment in the United States veteran from 1987-1991: effect of tumour stage on survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 58:104, 1995
23. Willett, C.G., Lewandrowski, K., Warshaw, A.L., Efird, J., Compton, C.C.: Resection margins in carcinoma of the head of the pancreas: implications for radiation therapy. Ann. Surg. 217:144, 1993
24. Griffin, J.F., Smalley, S.R., Jewell, W., Paradelo, J.C., Reymond, R.D., Hassanein, R.E.S., Evans, R.G.: Patterns of failure after curative resection of pancreatic carcinoma. Cancer 66:56, 1990
25. Whittington, R., Bryer, M.P., Haller, D.G., Solin, L.J., Rosato, E.F.: Adjuvant therapy of resected adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 21:1137, 1991
26. Ozaki, H.: Improvement of pancreatic cancer treatment from the Japanese experience in the 1980s. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 12:5, 1992
27. Westerdhal, J., Andren-Sandberg, Å, Ihse, I.: Recurrence of exocrine pancreatic cancer-local or hepatic? Hepatogastroenterology 40:384, 1993
28. Kayahara, M., Nagakawa, T., Ueno, K., Ohta, T., Takeda, T., Miyazaki, I.: An evaluation of radical resection for pancreatic cancer based on the mode of recurrence as determined by autopsy and diagnostic imaging. Cancer 72:2118, 1993
29. Zerbi, A., Fossati, V., Parolini, D., Carlucci, M., Balzano, G., Bordogna, G., Staudacher, C., Di Carlo, V.: Intraoperative radiation therapy adjuvant to resection in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Cancer 73:2930, 1994
30. Amikura, K., Kobari, M., Matsuno, S.: The time of occurrence of liver metastasis in carcinoma of the pancreas. Int. J. Pancreatol. 17:139, 1995
31. Sperti, C., Pasquali, C., Piccoli, A., Pedrazzolli, S.: Recurrence after resection for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. World J. Surg. 27:195, 1997
32. Rosvold, E., Schilder, R., Walczak, J., Difino, S.M., Flynn, P.J., Banerjec, T.K., Heim, W.J., Engstrom, P.F., Ozols, R.F., Odwyer, P.J.: Phase II trial of PALA in combination with 5-fluorouracil in advanced pancreatic cancer. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 29:305, 1992
33. Dicostanzo, F., Tagliaventi, M., Carlini, P., Zironi, S., Mazzocchi, B., Bella, M., Donati, D., Acito, L., Maggian, P., Angiona, S.: High dose folinic acid and fluorouracil with or without ifosfamide is an inactive combination in advanced pancreatic cancer: a randomised phase II study of the Italian Oncology Group for Clinical Research (GOIRC). Am. J. Clin. Oncol. Cancer Trials 19:307, 1996
34. Bernhard, H., Jager, A.E., Bernhard, G., Heike, M., Klein, O., Reimann, J.F.: Treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer with 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid and interferon alpha-2A: results of a phase II trial. Br. J. Cancer 71:102, 1995
35. Isacoff, W.H., Reber, H., Tompkins, R., Zinner, M.J., Brody, M.: Continuous infusion (CI) 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), calcium leucovorin (LV), mitomycin-c (Mito-C), and dipyridamole (D); treatment for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer [abstract]. Proc. ASCO 74:198, 1995
36. Moore, M.J., Andersen, J., Burris, H., Tarassoff, P., Green, M., Casper, E.: A randomised trial of gemcitabine versus 5-FU as first line therapy in advanced pancreatic cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 15:2403, 1997
37. Carmichael, J., Fink, U., Russell, R.C.G., Spittle, M.F., Harris, A.L., Spiessi, G., Blatter, J.: Phase II study of gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Br. J. Cancer 73:101, 1996
38. Palmer, K.R., Kerr, M., Knowles, G., Cull, A., Carter, D.C., Leonard, R.C.F.: Chemotherapy prolongs survival in operable pancreatic carcinoma. Br. J. Surg. 81:882, 1994
39. Mallinson, C.N., Rake, M.D., Cocking, J.B., Fox, C.A., Cwynarski, M.T., Diffey, B.L., Jackson, G.A., Hanley, J., Wass, V.J.: Chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer: results of a controlled prospective randomised, multicentre trial. B.M.J. 281:1589, 1980
40. Cullinan, S., Moertel, C.G., Wieand, H.S., Schutt, A.J., Krook, J.E., Foley, J.F., Norris, B.D., Kardinal, C.G., Tschetter, L.K., Barlow, J.F.: A phase III trial on the therapy of advanced pancreatic carcinoma: evaluations of the Mallinson regimen and combined 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin and cisplatin. Cancer 65:2207, 1990
41. Nicolson, M., Webb, A., Cunningham, D., Norman, A., O'Brien, M., Hill, A.: Cisplatin and protracted venous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (CIF): good symptomatic relief with low toxicity in advanced pancreatic cancer. Ann. Oncol. 6:801, 1995
42. Gunderson, L.L., Nagorney, D.M., Martenson, J.A., Donahue, J.H., Gorton, G.R., Nelson, H.: External beam plus intra-operative irradiation for gastrointestinal cancers. World J. Surg. 19:191, 1995
43. Tisdale, B.A., Paris, K.J., Lindberg, R.D., Jose, B., Spanos, W.J.: Radiation therapy for pancreatic cancer: a retrospective study of the University of Louisville experience. South. Med. J. 88:741, 1995
44. Shibamoto, Y., Manabe, T., Baba, M.: High dose external beam and intraoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of resectable and unresectable pancreatic cancer. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 19:605, 1990
45. Shibamoto, Y., Manabe, T., Gakuji, O., Sasai, K., Nishimura, Y., Imamura, M., Takahashi, M., Abe, M.: High dose intraoperaative radiotherapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 34:51, 1996
46. Gunderson, L.L., Martin, J.K., Kvols, L.T.: Intraoperative and external beam irradiation ± 5FU for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 13:319, 1987
47. Komaki, R., Wadler, S., Peters, T., Byhardt, W., Order, S., Gallagher, M.T., Herskovic, A., Pederson, J.: High dose local irradiation plus prophylactic hepatic irradiation and chemotherapy for inoperable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: a preliminary report of a multiinstitutional trial (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group protocol 8801). Cancer 69:2807, 1992
48. Evans, D.B., Abbruzzese, J.L., Cleary, K.R., Bucholz, D.J., Fenoglio, C.J., Collier, C., Rich, T.A.: Preoperative chemoradiation for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: excessive toxicity of prophylactic hepatic irradiation. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 33:913, 1995
49. Gastrointestinal Tumour Study Group: Therapy of locally unresectable pancreatic carcinoma: a randomised comparison of high dose (6000 rads) radiation alone, moderate dose radiation (400 rads + 5-fluorouracil), and high dose radiation + 5-fluorouracil. Cancer 48: 1705, 1981
50. Prott, F.J., Schonekaes, K., Preusser, P., Ostkamp, K., Waagner, W., Micke, O., Potter, R., Sulkowski, U., Rube, C., Berns, T., Willich, N.: Combined modality treatment with accelerated radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced inoperable carcinoma of the pancreas: results of a feasibility study. Br. J. Cancer 75:597, 1997
51. Yasue, M., Sakamoto, J., Yasui, K., Morimoto, T., Miyashi, S., Kurimoto, K., Kuno, N., Kido, C., Kawasumi, M., Nakamura, S., Uchiyama, Y., Morita, K.: A randomised trial of intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) vs IORT plus chemotherapy (MTX-5FU) for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Cancer Res. Ther. Control 3:283, 1993
52. Aigner, K.R., Muller, H., Bessermann, R.: Intra-arterial chemotherapy with MMC, CDDP and 5-FU for non-resectable pancreatic acncer: a phase II study. Reg. Cancer Treat. 3:1, 1990
53. Muchmore, J.H., Carter, R.D., Preslan, J.E., George, W.J.: Regional chemotherapy with haemofiltraion: a rationale for a different treatment approach to advanced pancreatic cancer. Hepatogastroenterology 43:346, 1996
54. Link, K.H., Gansauge, F., Rilinger, N., Beger, H.: Celiac artery adjuvant chemotherapy: results of a prospective trial. Int. J. Pancreatol. 21:65, 1997
55. Muchmore, J.H., Preslan, J.E., George, W.J.: Regional chemotherapy for inoperable pancreatic carcinoma. Cancer 78(Suppl.):664, 1996
56. Splinter, T.A., Obertop, H., Kok, T.C., Jeekel, J.: Adjuvant chemotherapy after resection of adenocarcinoma of the periampullary region and the head of the pancreas: a non-randomised pilot study. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 115:200, 1989
57. Bakkevold, K.E., Arnesjo, B., Dahl, O., Kambestad, B.: Adjuvant combination chemotherapy (AMF) following radical resection of carcinoma of the pancreas and papilla of Vater: results of a controlled, prospective, randomised multicentre study. Eur. J. Cancer 5:698, 1993
58. Baumel, H., Hugier, M., Manderscheid, J.C., Fabre, J.M., Houry, S., Fagot, H.: Results of resection for cancer of the exocrine pancreas: a study from the French Association of Surgery. Br. J. Surg. 81:102, 1994
59. Weese, J.L., Nussbaum, M.L., Paul, A.R., Engstrom, P.F., Solin, L.J., Kawalyshyn, M.J., Hoffman, J.P.: Increased resectability of locally advanced pancreatic and periampullary carcinoma with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Int. J. Pancreatol. 7:177, 1991
60. Bosset, J.F., Pavy, J.J., Gillet, M., Mantion, G., Pelissier, E., Schraub, S.: Conventional external irradiation alone as adjuvant treatment in resectable pancreatic cancer: results of a prospective study. Radiother. Oncol. 24:191, 1992
61. Brachet, A., Gilly, F.N., Braillon, G.: IORT and surgery for pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a series of 56 patients treated according to the Lyon intraopcrative system [abstract]. Digestion 54:266, 1993
62. Johnstone, P.A., Sindelar, W.F.: Patterns of disease recurrence following definitive therapy of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas using surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy correlations of a clinical trial. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 27:831, 1993
63. Dobelbower, R.R., Merrick, H.W., Khuder, S., Battle, J., Herron, L., Pawlicki, T.: Adjuvant radiation therapy for pancreatic cancer: a 15 year experience. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 39:31, 1997
64. Farrell, T.J., Barbot, D., Rosato, F.: Pancreatic resection combined with intraoperative radiation therapy for pancreatic cancer. Ann. Surg. 226:66, 1997
65. Klinkenbijl, J., Sahmoud, T., Van Pei, R., Couvreur, M., Veenhof, C., Arnaud, T., Hennipman, A., Wils, J., Jeekel, J.: Radiotherapy and 5-fluorouracil after curative resection for cancer of the pancreas and periampullary region: a phase III trial of the EORTC GITCCG [abstract]. Eur. J. Cancer 33:1239, 1997
66. Hiraoka, T.: Extended radical resection of cancer of the pancreas with intraoperative radiotherapy. Ballieres Clin. Gastroenterol. 4:985, 1990
67. Ozaki, H., Kinoshita, T., Kosuge, T., Egawa, S., Kishi, K.: Effectiveness of multimodality treatment for resectable pancreatic cancer. Int. J. Pancreatol. 7:195, 1990
68. Nishimura, Y., Hosotani, R., Shibamoto, Y., Kokubo, M., Kanamori, S., Sasai, K., Hiraoka, M., Ohshio, G., Imamura, M., Takahashi, M., Abe, M.: External and intraoperative radiotherapy for resectable and unresectable pancreatic cancer: analysis of survival rates and complication. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 39:39, 1997
69. Link, K.H., Gansuage, F., Rilinger, N., Beger, H.G.: Celiac artery adjuvant chemotherapy: results of a prospective trial. Int. J. Pancreatol. 27:65, 1997
70. Ishikawa, O., Ohigashi, H., Sasaki, Y., Furukawa, H., Kabuto, T., Kameyama, M., Nakamori, S., Hiratsuka, M., Imaoka, S.: Liver perfusion chemotherapy via both the hepatic artery and portal vein to prevent hepatic metastasis after extended pancreatectomy for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Am. J. Surg. 168:361, 1994
71. Evans, D.B., Rich, T.A., Byrd, D.R., Cleary, K.R., Connelly, J.H., Levin, B., Charnsangiaveja, C., Fenoglio, C., Ames, F.: Preoperative chemoradiation and pancreaticoduodenectomy for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Arch. Surg. 127:1335, 1992
72. Coia, L., Hoffman, J., Schier, R., Weese, J., Solin, L., Weiner, L., Eisenberg, B., Paul, A., Hanks, G.: Preoperative chemoradiation for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and duodenum. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 30:161, 1994
73. Hoffman, J.P., Weese, J.L., Solin, L.J., Engstrom, P., Agarwal, P., Barber, D.O., Guttman, M.C., Litwin, S.: A pilot study of preoperative chemoradiation for patients with localised adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Am. J. Surg. 169:71, 1995
74. Ishikawa, O., Ohigashi, H., Imaoka, S., Sasaki, Y., Iwanaga, T., Matayoshi, Y., Inoue, T.: Is the long term survival rate improved by preoperative irradiation prior to Whipple's procedure for adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head? Arch. Surg. 129:1075, 1994
75. Staley, C.A., Lee, J.E., Clearly, K.R., Ahbruzzese, J.L., Fenoglio, C.J., Rich, T.A., Evans, D.B.: Preoperative chemoradiation pancreaticoduodenectomy and intraoperative radiation therapy for adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head. Am. J. Surg. 171:118, 1996
76. Spitz, F.R., Abbruzzese, J.L., Lee, J.E., Pisters, P.W.T., Lowy, A.M., Fenoglio, C.J., Cleary, K.R., Janjan, N.A., Goswitz, M.S., Rich, T.A., Evans, D.B.: Preoperative and postoperative chemoradiation strategies in patients treated with pancreaticoduodenectomy for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. J. Clin. Oncol. 15:928, 1997
77. Kaiser, M.H., Ellenberg, S.S.: Pancreatic cancer: adjuvant combined radiation and chemotherapy following curative resection. Arch. Surg. 120:899, 1985
78. Douglass, H.O.: Further evidence of effective adjuvant combined radiation and chemotherapy following curative resection of pancreatic cancer. Cancer 59:2006, 1987
79. Yeo, C., Abrams, R., Grochow, L., Sohn, T., Ord, S., Hruban, R., Zahurak, M., Dooley, W., Coleman, J., Sauter, P., Pitt, H., Lilliemoc, K., Cameron, J.: Pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma: postoperative adjuvant chemoradiation improves survival; a prospective, single-institution experience. Ann. Surg. 225:621, 1997
80. Neoptolemos, J.P.: Adjuvant radiotherapy and follow-on chemotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer: Results of the UK Pancreatic Cancer Group Study (UKPACA-1). G.I. Cancer 2:235, 1998
81. Neoptolemos, J.P., Baker, P., Beger, H., Link, K., Pederzoli, P., Bassi, C., Dervenis, C., Friess, H., Büchler, M.: Progress report: a randomised multicentre European study comparing adjuvant radiotherapy, six months chemotherapy and combination therapy versus no adjuvant treatment in resectable pancreatic cancer. Int. J. Pancreatol. 21:97, 1997
82. Wagener, D.J., Verdonk, H.E., Dirix, L.Y., Catimel, G., Siegenthaler, P., Buitenhuis, M.: Phase II trial of CPT-11 in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, an EORTC early clinical trials group study. Ann. Oncol. 6:129, 1995
83. Touroutoglou, N., Padzur, R.: Thymidylate synthase inhibitors. Clin. Cancer Res. 2:227, 1996
84. Safran, H., King, T.P., Choy, H., Hesketh, P., Wolf, B., Altanhein, E., Sikov, W., Rosmarin, A., Akerley, A., RadieKeane, K., Cicchetti, G., Lopez, F., Bland, K., Wanebo, H.: Paclitaxel and concurrent radiation for locally advanced pancreatic and gastric cancer: G phase I study. J. Clin. Oncol. 15:901, 1997
85. Kainuma, O., Asano, T., Hascgawa, M., Kenmochi, T., Nakaghori, T., Tokoro, Y., Isono, K.: Inhibition of growth and invasive activity of human pancreatic cancer cells by a farnesyltransferase inhibitor, manumycin. Pancreas 15:379, 1997
86. Figg, W.D., Plud, J.M., Lush, R.M., Saville, M.W., Wyvill, K., Reed, E., Yarchoan, R.: The pharmacokinetics of TNP-470 a new angiogencsis inhibitor. Pharmacotherapy 17:91, 1997
87. Evans, J.D., Bramhall, S.R., Stark, A., Hinley, H., Porter, C., Osborne, L., Daniel, F., Carmichael, J., Imrie, C., Johnson, C.D., Neoptolemos, J.P.: A phase II trial of Marimastat (BB-2516) in advanced pancreatic cancer [abstract]. Int. J. Pancreatol. 19:218, 1996
88. Gjertsen, M.K., Bakka, A., Brevik, J., Saeterdal, I., Geddedahl, T., Stokke, K.T., Solheim, B.G., Egge, T., Soriede, O., Thorsby, E., Gaudernack, G.: Ex-vivo Ras peptide vaccination in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: results of a phase I/II study. Int. J. Cancer 65:450, 1996
89. Green, N.K., Youngs, D.J., Neoptolemos, J.P., Friedlos, F., Knox, R., Springer, C., Anlezark, G.M., Micheal, N.P., Melton, R.G.: Sensitization of colorectal and pancreatic cancer cell lines to the prodrug 5-(aziridin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitrobcnzamide (CB1954) by retroviral transduction and expression of the E. coli nitroreductase gene. Cancer Gene Ther. 4:229, 1997
90. Tempero, M.A., Sivinski, C., Steplewski, Z., Harvey, E., Klassen, L., Kay, H.D.: Phase II trial of interferon gamma and monoclonal antibody 17-1A in pancreatic cancer: biologic and clinical effects. J. Clin. Oncol. 8:2019, 1990
91. Büchler, M., Friess, H., Schulthciss, H.K., Gebhardt, C, Kubel, R., Muhrer, K.H., Winkleman, M., Wagener, T., Kapldor, R., Kaul, M., Muller, G., Schultz, G., Beger, H.: A randomised controlled trial of adjuvant immunotherapy (murine monoclonal antibody 494/32) in resectable pancreatic cancer. Cancer 68:1507, 1991
92. Freiss, H., Gassmann, M., Büchler, M.: Adjuvant therapy of pancreatic cancer using monoclonal antibodies and immune response modifiers. Int. J. Pancreatol. 21:43, 1997
93. Rinaldi, H.A., Dorr, F.A., Woodworth, J.G., Kuhn, J.R., Eckhardt, J.R.: Initial phase I evaluation of the novel thymidylate synthetase inhibitor, LY231514, using the modified continual reassessment method for dose escalation. J. Clin. Oncol. 13:2842, 1995
94. Folkman, J.: Angiogenesis in cancer, vascular, rheumatoid and other disease. Nat. Med. 1:27, 1995
95. Voest, E.E., Kenyon, B.B., O'Reilly, M.S., Truitt, G., Damato, R.J., Folkman, J.: Inhibition of angiogenesis in vivo by interleukin 12. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 87:581, 1995
96. Evans, J.D., Ghaneh, P., Kawesha, A., Neoptolemos, J.P.: Role of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in pancreatic cancer. Digestion 58:520, 1997
97. Dimaio, J.M., Clary, B.M., Via, D.F., Coveney, E., Pappas, T.N., Lycrly, H.K.: Directed enzyme pro-drug gene therapy for pancreatic cancer in vivo. Surgery 116:205, 1994
98. Yang, L., Hwang, R., Pandit, L., Gordon, E.M., Anderson, F., Parekh, D.: Gene therapy of metastatic pancreas cancer with intraperitoneal injections of concentrated retroviral herpes thymidine kinase vector supernatant and gancyclovir. Ann. Surg. 224:405, 1996