Mechanism of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells: Cellular host factors stimulating adenovirus DNA replication

Gene

Volumn 236, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 1-12

  De Jong, R N ^a   Van Der Vliet, P C ^a  

^a UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

DNA polymerase; DNA synthesis; Nuclear factor I; Oct 1; Transcription factor

Indexed keywords

CELL PROTEIN; DNA BINDING PROTEIN; DNA POLYMERASE; OCTAMER TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NF1; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VIRUS DNA; VIRUS PROTEIN;

ADENOVIRUS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DNA REPLICATION; EUKARYOTIC CELL; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; IN VITRO STUDY; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; REVIEW;

ADENOVIRIDAE; BASE SEQUENCE; CELLS, CULTURED; CONSERVED SEQUENCE; DNA REPLICATION; DNA, VIRAL; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; HOST CELL FACTOR C1; HUMANS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MODELS, GENETIC; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; NFI TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; OCTAMER TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; VIRUS REPLICATION;

EID: 0032769443     PISSN: 03781119     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00249-8     Document Type: Review

References (109)

1. Adhya S., Shneidman P.S., Hurwitz J. Reconstruction of adenovirus replication origins with a human nuclear factor I binding site. J. Biol. Chem. 261:1986;3339-3346.
2. Altschul S.F., Madden T.L., Schaffer A.A., Zhang J., Zhang Z., Miller W., Lipman D.J. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:1997;3389-3402.
3. Angeletti P.C., Engler J.A. Adenovirus preterminal protein binds to the CAD enzyme at active sites of viral DNA replication on the nuclear matrix. J. Virol. 72:1998;2896-2904.
4. Armentero M.T., Horwitz M., Mermod N. Targeting of DNA polymerase to the adenovirus origin of DNA replication by interaction with nuclear factor I. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91:1994;11537-11541.
5. Assa-Munt N., Mortishire-Smith R.J., Aurora R., Herr W., Wright P.E. The solution structure of the Oct-1 POU-specific domain reveals a striking similarity to the bacteriophage lambda repressor DNA-binding domain. Cell. 73:1993;193-205.
6. Bandyopadhyay S., Gronostajski R.M. Identification of a conserved oxidation-sensitive cysteine residue in the NFI family of DNA-binding proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 269:1994;29949-29955.
7. Bodnar J.W., Hanson P.I., Polvino-Bodnar M., Zempsky W., Ward D.C. The terminal regions of adenovirus and minute virus of mice DNAs are preferentially associated with the nuclear matrix in infected cells. J. Virol. 63:1989;4344-4353.
8. Bosher J., Robinson E.C., Hay R.T. Interactions between the adenovirus type 2 DNA polymerase and the DNA binding domain of nuclear factor I. New Biol. 2:1990;1083-1090.
9. Bosher J., Dawson A., Hay R.T. Nuclear factor I is specifically targeted to discrete subnuclear sites in adenovirus type 2-infected cells. J. Virol. 66:1992;3140-3150.
10. Botting C.H., Hay R.T. Characterisation of the adenovirus preterminal protein and its interaction with the POU homeodomain of NFIII (Oct-1). Nucl. Acids Res. 27:1999;2799-2805.
11. Chen M., Mermod N., Horwitz M.S. Protein-protein interactions between adenovirus DNA polymerase and nuclear factor I mediate formation of the DNA replication preinitiation complex. J. Biol. Chem. 265:1990;18634-18642.
12. Chiang C.M., Roeder R.G. Cloning of an intrinsic human TFIID subunit that interacts with multiple transcriptional activators. Science. 267:1995;531-536.
13. Cleat P.H., Hay R.T. Co-operative interactions between NFI and the adenovirus DNA binding protein at the adenovirus origin of replication. EMBO J. 8:1989;1841-1848.
14. Coenjaerts F.E., De Vries E., Pruijn G.J., Van Driel W., Bloemers S.M., Van der Lugt N.M., van der Vliet P.C. Enhancement of DNA replication by transcription factors NFI and NFIII/Oct-1 depends critically on the positions of their binding sites in the adenovirus origin of replication. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1090:1991;61-69.
15. Coenjaerts F.E., van der Vliet P.C. Early dissociation of nuclear factor I from the origin during initiation of adenovirus DNA replication studied by origin immobilization. Nucleic Acids Res. 22:1994;5235-5240.
16. Coenjaerts F.E., van Oosterhout J.A., van der Vliet P.C. The Oct-1 POU domain stimulates adenovirus DNA replication by a direct interaction between the viral precursor terminal protein-DNA polymerase complex and the POU homeodomain. EMBO J. 13:1994;5401-5409.
17. Cox M., van Tilborg P.J., de Laat W., Boelens R., van Leeuwen H.C., van der Vliet P.C., Kaptein R. Solution structure of the Oct-1 POU homeodomain determined by NMR and restrained molecular dynamics. J. Biomol. NMR. 6:1995;23-32.
18. De Vries E., Van Driel W., van den Heuvel S.J., van der Vliet P.C. Contactpoint analysis of the HeLa nuclear factor I recognition site reveals symmetrical binding at one side of the DNA helix. EMBO J. 6:1987;161-168.
19. Dekker N., Cox M., Boelens R., Verrijzer C.P., van der Vliet P.C., Kaptein R. Solution structure of the POU-specific DNA-binding domain of Oct-1. Nature. 362:1993;852-855.
20. Dekker J., van Oosterhout J.A., van der Vliet P.C. Two regions within the DNA binding domain of nuclear factor I interact with DNA and stimulate adenovirus DNA replication independently. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:1996;4073-4080.
21. Dekker J., Kanellopoulos P.N., Loonstra A.K., van Oosterhout J.A., Leonard K., Tucker P.A., van der Vliet P.C. Multimerization of the adenovirus DNA-binding protein is the driving force for ATP-independent DNA unwinding during strand displacement synthesis. EMBO J. 16:1997;1455-1463.
22. Dekker J., Kanellopoulos P.N., van Oosterhout J.A., Stier G., Tucker P.A., van der Vliet P.C. ATP-independent DNA unwinding by the adenovirus single-stranded DNA binding protein requires a flexible DNA binding loop. J. Mol. Biol. 277:1998;825-838.
23. Falkner F.G., Zachau H.G. Correct transcription of an immunoglobulin kappa gene requires an upstream fragment containing conserved sequence elements. Nature. 310:1984;71-74.
24. Fletcher C., Heintz N., Roeder R.G. Purification and characterization of OTF-1, a transcription factor regulating cell cycle expression of a human histone H2b gene. Cell. 51:1987;773-781.
25. Fredman J.N., Pettit S.C., Horwitz M.S., Engler J.A. Linker insertion mutations in the adenovirus preterminal protein that affect DNA replication activity in vivo and in vitro. J. Virol. 65:1991;4591-4597.
26. Gil G., Smith J.R., Goldstein J.L., Slaughter C.A., Orth K., Brown M.S., Osborne T.F. Multiple genes encode nuclear factor 1-like proteins that bind to the promoter for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 85:1988;8963-8967.
27. Gounari F., De Francesco R., Schmitt J., van der Vliet P.C., Cortese R., Stunnenberg H. Amino-terminal domain of NF1 binds to DNA as a dimer and activates adenovirus DNA replication. EMBO J. 9:1990;559-566.
28. Gronostajski R.M. Analysis of nuclear factor I binding to DNA using degenerate oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acids Res. 14:1986;9117-9132.
29. Gronostajski R.M., Adhya S., Nagata K., Guggenheimer R.A., Hurwitz J. Site-specific DNA binding of nuclear factor I: analyses of cellular binding sites. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:1985;964-971.
30. Gronostajski R.M. Site-specific DNA binding of nuclear factor I: effect of the spacer region. Nucleic Acids Res. 15:1987;5545-5559.
31. Harris M.P., Hay R.T. DNA sequences required for the initiation of adenovirus type 4 DNA replication in vitro. J. Mol. Biol. 201:1988;57-67.
32. Hatfield L., Hearing P. The NFIII/OCT-1 binding site stimulates adenovirus DNA replication in vivo and is functionally redundant with adjacent sequences. J. Virol. 67:1993;3931-3939.
33. Hay R.T. Origin of adenovirus DNA replication. Role of the nuclear factor I binding site in vivo. J. Mol. Biol. 186:1985;129-136.
34. Hay R.T. The origin of adenovirus DNA replication: minimal DNA sequence requirement in vivo. EMBO J. 4:1985;421-426.
35. Hay R.T., Stow N.D., McDougall I.M. Replication of adenovirus mini-chromosomes. J. Mol. Biol. 175:1984;493-510.
36. Hay R.T., Freeman A., Leith I., Monaghan A., Webster A. Molecular interactions during adenovirus DNA replication. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 199:1995;31-48.
37. Herr W., Sturm R.A., Clerc R.G., Corcoran L.M., Baltimore D., Sharp P.A., Ingraham H.A., Rosenfeld M.G., Finney M., Ruvkun G. The POU domain: a large conserved region in the mammalian pit-1, oct-1, oct-2 and Caenorhabditis elegans unc-86 gene products. Genes Dev. 2:1988;1513-1516.
38. Herr W., Cleary M.A. The POU domain: versatility in transcriptional regulation by a flexible two-in-one DNA-binding domain. Genes Dev. 9:1995;1679-1693.
39. Hu C.H., Xu F.Y., Wang K., Pearson A.N., Pearson G.D. Symmetrical adenovirus minichromosomes have hairpin replication intermediates. Gene. 110:1992;145-150.
40. Jones K.A., Tjian R. Sp1 binds to promoter sequences and activates herpes simplex virus 'immediate-early' gene transcription in vitro. Nature. 317:1985;179-182.
41. Jones K.A., Kadonaga J.T., Rosenfeld P.J., Kelly T.J., Tjian R. A cellular DNA-binding protein that activates eukaryotic transcription and DNA replication. Cell. 48:1987;79-89.
42. Joung I., Engler J.A. Mutations in two cysteine-histidine-rich clusters in adenovirus type 2 DNA polymerase affect DNA binding. J. Virol. 66:1992;5788-5796.
43. Kim M.K., Lesoon-Wood L.A., Weintraub B.D., Chung J.H. A soluble transcription factor, Oct-1, is also found in the insoluble nuclear matrix and possesses silencing activity in its alanine-rich domain. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:1996;4366-4377.
44. King A.J., Teertstra W.R., Blanco L., Salas M., van der Vliet P.C. Processive proofreading by the adenovirus DNA polymerase. Association with the priming protein reduces exonucleolytic degradation. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:1997;1745-1752.
45. King A.J., Teertstra W.R., van der Vliet P.C. Dissociation of the protein primer and DNA polymerase after initiation of adenovirus DNA replication. J. Biol. Chem. 272:1997;24617-24623.
46. King A.J., van der Vliet P.C. A precursor terminal protein-trinucleotide intermediate during initiation of adenovirus DNA replication: regeneration of molecular ends in vitro by a jumping back mechanism. EMBO J. 13:1994;5786-5792.
47. Klemm J.D., Rould M.A., Aurora R., Herr W., Pabo C.O. Crystal structure of the Oct-1 POU domain bound to an octamer site: DNA recognition with tethered DNA-binding modules. Cell. 77:1994;21-32.
48. Koo H.S., Wu H.M., Crothers D.M. DNA bending at adenine.thymine tracts. Nature. 320:1986;501-506.
49. Kruse U., Qian F., Sippel A.E. Identification of a fourth nuclear factor I gene in chicken by cDNA cloning, NFI-X. Nucleic Acids Res. 19:1991;6641.
50. Leegwater P.A., Van Driel W., van der Vliet P.C. Recognition site of nuclear factor I, a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein from HeLa cells that stimulates adenovirus DNA replication. EMBO J. 4:1985;1515-1521.
51. Leegwater P.A., Rombouts R.F., van der Vliet P.C. Adenovirus DNA replication in vitro: duplication of single-stranded DNA containing a panhandle structure. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 951:1988;403-410.
52. Mattaj I.W., Lienhard S., Jiricny J., De Robertis E.M. An enhancer-like sequence within the Xenopus U2 gene promoter facilitates the formation of stable transcription complexes. Nature. 316:1985;163-167.
53. Matthias P. Lymphoid-specific transcription mediated by the conserved octamer site: who is doing what? Semin. Immunol. 10:1998;155-163.
54. Meisterernst M., Gander I., Rogge L., Winnacker E.L. A quantitative analysis of nuclear factor I/DNA interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 16:1988;4419-4435.
55. Meisterernst M., Rogge L., Foeckler R., Karaghiosoff M., Winnacker E.L. Structural and functional organization of a porcine gene coding for nuclear factor I. Biochemistry. 28:1989;8191-8200.
56. Mermod N., O'Neill E.A., Kelly T.J., Tjian R. The proline-rich transcriptional activator of CTF/NF-I is distinct from the replication and DNA binding domain. Cell. 58:1989;741-753.
57. Mink S., Hartig E., Jennewein P., Doppler W., Cato A.C. A mammary cell-specific enhancer in mouse mammary tumor virus DNA is composed of multiple regulatory elements including binding sites for CTF/NFI and a novel transcription factor, mammary cell-activating factor. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:1992;4906-4918.
58. Moen P.T.J., Fox E., Bodnar J.W. Adenovirus and minute virus of mice DNAs are localized at the nuclear periphery. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:1990;513-520.
59. Monaghan A., Webster A., Hay R.T. Adenovirus DNA binding protein: helix destabilising properties. Nucleic Acids Res. 22:1994;742-748.
60. Mul Y.M., Verrijzer C.P., van der Vliet P.C. Transcription factors NFI and NFIII/oct-1 function independently, employing different mechanisms to enhance adenovirus DNA replication. J. Virol. 64:1990;5510-5518.
61. Mul Y.M., van der Vliet P.C. Nuclear factor I enhances adenovirus DNA replication by increasing the stability of a preinitiation complex. EMBO J. 11:1992;751-760.
62. Mul Y.M., van der Vliet P.C. The adenovirus DNA binding protein effects the kinetics of DNA replication by a mechanism distinct from NFI or Oct-1. Nucleic Acids Res. 21:1993;641-647.
63. Nagata K., Guggenheimer R.A., Enomoto T., Lichy J.H., Hurwitz J. Adenovirus DNA replication in vitro: identification of a host factor that stimulates synthesis of the preterminal protein-dCMP complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 79:1982;6438-6442.
64. Nagata K., Guggenheimer R.A., Hurwitz J. Adenovirus DNA replication in vitro: synthesis of full-length DNA with purified proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 80:1983;4266-4270.
65. Nagata K., Guggenheimer R.A., Hurwitz J. Specific binding of a cellular DNA replication protein to the origin of replication of adenovirus DNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 80:1983;6177-6181.
66. Novak A., Goyal N., Gronostajski R.M. Four conserved cysteine residues are required for the DNA binding activity of nuclear factor I. J. Biol. Chem. 267:(1992):1993;12986-12990. published erratum appears in J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993) 26032.
67. O'Neill E.A., Fletcher C., Burrow C.R., Heintz N., Roeder R.G., Kelly T.J. Transcription factor OTF-1 is functionally identical to the DNA replication factor NF-III. Science. 241:1988;1210-1213.
68. Osada S., Ikeda T., Xu M., Nishihara T., Imagawa M. Identification of the transcriptional repression domain of nuclear factor 1-A. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 238:1997;744-747.
69. Paonessa G., Gounari F., Frank R., Cortese R. Purification of a NF1-like DNA-binding protein from rat liver and cloning of the corresponding cDNA. EMBO J. 7:1988;3115-3123.
70. Parslow T.G., Blair D.L., Murphy W.J., Granner D.K. Structure of the 5′ ends of immunoglobulin genes: a novel conserved sequence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 81:1984;2650-2654.
71. Pombo A., Ferreira J., Bridge E., Carmo-Fonseca M. Adenovirus replication and transcription sites are spatially separated in the nucleus of infected cells. EMBO J. 13:1994;5075-5085.
72. Pruijn G.J., Kusters H.G., Gmelig M.F., van der Vliet P.C. Inhibition of adenovirus DNA replication in vitro by autoimmune sera. Eur. J. Biochem. 154:1986;363-370.
73. Pruijn G.J., Van Driel W., van der Vliet P.C. Nuclear factor III, a novel sequence-specific DNA-binding protein from HeLa cells stimulating adenovirus DNA replication. Nature. 322:1986;656-659.
74. Rosenfeld P.J., O'Neill E.A., Wides R.J., Kelly T.J. Sequence-specific interactions between cellular DNA-binding proteins and the adenovirus origin of DNA replication. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:1987;875-886.
75. Rossi P., Karsenty G., Roberts A.B., Roche N.S., Sporn M.B., de Crombrugghe B. A nuclear factor 1 binding site mediates the transcriptional activation of a type I collagen promoter by transforming growth factor-beta. Cell. 52:1988;405-414.
76. Roulet E., Armentero M.T., Krey G., Corthesy B., Dreyer C., Mermod N., Wahli W. Regulation of the DNA-binding and transcriptional activities of Xenopus laevis NFI-X by a novel C-terminal domain. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:1995;5552-5562.
77. Ryan A.K., Rosenfeld M.G. POU domain family values: flexibility, partnerships, and developmental codes. Genes Dev. 11:1997;1207-1225.
78. Salas M., Miller J.T., Leis J., De Pamphilis M.L. Mechanisms of priming DNA synthesis. De Pamphilis L. DNA Replication in Eukaryotic Cells. 1996;131-176 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
79. Santoro C., Mermod N., Andrews P.C., Tjian R. A family of human CCAAT-box-binding proteins active in transcription and DNA replication: cloning and expression of multiple cDNAs. Nature. 334:1988;218-224.
80. Schaack J., Ho W.Y., Freimuth P., Shenk T. Adenovirus terminal protein mediates both nuclear matrix association and efficient transcription of adenovirus DNA. Genes Dev. 4:1990;1197-1208.
81. Schonemann M.D., Ryan A.K., Erkman L., McEvilly R.J., Bermingham J., Rosenfeld M.G. POU domain factors in neural development [In Process Citation]. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 449:1998;39-53.
82. Shinagawa M., Iida Y., Matsuda A., Tsukiyama T., Sato G. Phylogenetic relationships between adenoviruses as inferred from nucleotide sequences of inverted terminal repeats. Gene. 55:1987;85-93.
83. Stanglmaier M., Winnacker E.L. Cloning, sequence determination and functional expression of the genes encoding adenovirus type-4 polymerase and the terminal protein precursor. Gene. 168:1996;177-182.
84. Stuiver M.H., van der Vliet P.C. Adenovirus DNA-binding protein forms a multimeric protein complex with double-stranded DNA and enhances binding of nuclear factor I. J. Virol. 64:1990;379-386.
85. Stuiver M.H., Bergsma W.G., Arnberg A.C., van Amerongen H., van Grondelle R., van der Vliet P.C. Structural alterations of double-stranded DNA in complex with the adenovirus DNA-binding protein. Implications for its function in DNA replication. J. Mol. Biol. 225:1992;999-1011.
86. Sturm R.A., Das G., Herr W. The ubiquitous octamer-binding protein Oct-1 contains a POU domain with a homeo box subdomain. Genes Dev. 2:1988;1582-1599.
87. Sturm R.A., Herr W. The POU domain is a bipartite DNA-binding structure. Nature. 336:1988;601-604.
88. Sun J.M., Chen H.Y., Davie J.R. Nuclear factor 1 is a component of the nuclear matrix. J. Cell Biochem. 55:1994;252-263.
89. Tanaka M., Lai J.S., Herr W. Promoter-selective activation domains in Oct-1 and Oct-2 direct differential activation of an snRNA and mRNA promoter. Cell. 68:1992;755-767.
90. Tanaka M., Clouston W.M., Herr W. The Oct-2 glutamine-rich and proline-rich activation domains can synergize with each other or duplicates of themselves to activate transcription. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:1994;6046-6055.
91. Thompson C.M., Koleske A.J., Chao D.M., Young R.A. A multisubunit complex associated with the RNA polymerase II CTD and TATA-binding protein in yeast. Cell. 73:1993;1361-1375.
92. Tucker P.A., Tsernoglou D., Tucker A.D., Coenjaerts F.E., Leenders H., van der Vliet P.C. Crystal structure of the adenovirus DNA binding protein reveals a hook-on model for cooperative DNA binding. EMBO J. 13:1994;2994-3002.
93. Usheva A., Maldonado E., Goldring A., Lu H., Houbavi C., Reinberg D., Aloni Y. Specific interaction between the nonphosphorylated form of RNA polymerase II and the TATA-binding protein. Cell. 69:1992;871-881.
94. van der Vliet P.C. Adenovirus DNA replication. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 199:1995;1-30.
95. van der Vliet P.C. Roles of transcription factors in DNA replication. De Pamphilis L. DNA Replication in Eukaryotic Cells. 1996;87-118 Cold Spring Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
96. van Leeuwen H.C., Rensen M., van der Vliet P.C. The Oct-1 POU homeodomain stabilizes the adenovirus preinitiation complex via a direct interaction with the priming protein and is displaced when the replication fork passes. J. Biol. Chem. 272:1997;3398-3405.
97. van Leeuwen H.C., Strating M.J., Rensen M., de Laat W., van der Vliet P.C. Linker length and composition influence the flexibility of Oct-1 DNA binding. EMBO J. 16:1997;2043-2053.
98. Veenstra G.J., van der Vliet P.C., Destree O.H. POU domain transcription factors in embryonic development. Mol. Biol. Rep. 24:1997;139-155.
99. Verrijzer C.P., Kal A.J., van der Vliet P.C. The DNA binding domain (POU domain) of transcription factor oct-1 suffices for stimulation of DNA replication. EMBO J. 9:1990;1883-1888.
100. Verrijzer C.P., van Oosterhout J.A., van Weperen W.W., van der Vliet P.C. POU proteins bend DNA via the POU-specific domain. EMBO J. 10:1991;3007-3014.
101. Verrijzer C.P., Alkema M.J., van Weperen W.W., van Leeuwen H.C., Strating M.J., van der Vliet P.C. The DNA binding specificity of the bipartite POU domain and its subdomains. EMBO J. 11:1992;4993-5003.
102. Verrijzer C.P., Strating M., Mul Y.M., van der Vliet P.C. POU domain transcription factors from different subclasses stimulate adenovirus DNA replication. Nucleic Acids Res. 20:1992;6369-6375.
103. Wang K., Xu F.Y., Ahern K.G., Pearson G.D. Inverted repeats direct repair of adenovirus minichromosome ends. Virology. 183:1991;44-51.
104. Wendler W., Altmann H., Ludwig-Winnacker E. Transcriptional activation of NFI/CTF1 depends on a sequence motif strongly related to the carboxyterminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Nucleic Acids Res. 22:1994;2601-2603.
105. Wides R.J., Challberg M.D., Rawlins D.R., Kelly T.J. Adenovirus origin of DNA replication: sequence requirements for replication in vitro. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:1987;864-874.
106. Xiao H., Lis J.T., Greenblatt J., Friesen J.D. The upstream activator CTF/NF1 and RNA polymerase II share a common element involved in transcriptional activation. Nucleic Acids Res. 22:1994;1966-1973.
107. Zhao L.J., Padmanabhan R. Nuclear transport of adenovirus DNA polymerase is facilitated by interaction with preterminal protein. Cell. 55:1988;1005-1015.
108. Zijderveld D.C., Stuiver M.H., van der Vliet P.C. The adenovirus DNA binding protein enhances intermolecular DNA renaturation but inhibits intramolecular DNA renaturation. Nucleic Acids Res. 21:1993;2591-2598.
109. Zorbas H., Rogge L., Meisterernst M., Winnacker E.L. Hydroxyl radical footprints reveal novel structural features around the NF I binding site in adenovirus DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 17:1989;7735-7748.