Endothelial protein C receptor

Thrombosis and Haemostasis

Volumn 82, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 251-258

  Esmon, Charles T ^a,b,c   Xu, Jun ^a,c   Gu, Jian Ming ^a   Qu, Dongfeng ^a   Laszik, Zolton ^b   Ferrell, Gary ^c   Stearns Kurosawa, Deborah J ^a   Kurosawa, Shichiro ^a   Taylor Jr , Fletcher B ^a,b,c   Esmon, Naomi L ^a,b  

^a OKLAHOMA MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c HOWARD HUGHES MEDICAL INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTIVATED PROTEIN C; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 5; CELL RECEPTOR; PROTEIN C; PROTEIN C RECEPTOR; PROTEIN S; THROMBIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANTICOAGULATION; CONFERENCE PAPER; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; ENZYME ACTIVATION; GENE MUTATION; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; IMMUNOPRECIPITATION; INFLAMMATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN C DEFICIENCY; RECEPTOR BINDING; SEPSIS; SEPTIC SHOCK; THROMBOCYTE ACTIVATION; THROMBOSIS;

EID: 0032742158     PISSN: 03406245     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1615840     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (76)

1. Hanson SR, Griffin JH, Harker LA, Kelly AB, Esmon CT, Gruber A. Antithrombotic effects of thrombin-induced activation of endogenous protein C in primates. J Clin Invest. 1993;92:2003-2012.
2. Esmon CT, Schwarz HP. An update on clinical and basic aspects of the protein C anticoagulant pathway. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 1995;5:141-148.
3. Lane DA, Mannucci PM, Bauer KA, Bertina RM, Bochkov NP, Boulyjenkov V, Chandy M, Dahlbäck B, Ginter EK, Miletich JP, Rosendaal FR, Seligsohn U. Inherited thrombophilia: part 1. Thromb Haemost. 1996;76:651-662.
4. Lane DA, Mannucci PM, Bauer KA, Bertina RM, Bochkov NP, Boulyjenkov V, Chandy M, Dahlbäck B, Ginter EK, Miletich JP, Rosendaal FR, Seligsohn U. Inherited thrombophilia: part 2. Thromb Haemost. 1996;76:824-834.
5. Esmon CT. The roles of protein C and thrombomodulin in the regulation of blood coagulation. J Biol Chem. 1989;264:4743-4746.
6. Steams-Kurosawa DJ, Kurosawa S, Mollica JS, Ferrell GL, Esmon CT. The endothelial cell protein C receptor augments protein C activation by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1996;93:10212-10216.
7. Xu J, Esmon NL, Esmon CT. Reconstitution of the human endothelial cell protein C receptor with thrombomodulin in phosphatidylcholine vesicles enhances protein C activation. J Biol Chem. In press.
8. Fukudome K, Ye X, Tsuneyoshi N, Tokunaga O, Sugawara K, Mizokami H, Kimoto M. Activation mechanism of anticoagulant protein C in large blood vessels involving the endothelial cell protein C receptor. J Exp Med. 1998;187:1029-1035.
9. Laszik Z, Mitro A, Taylor FB, Jr., Ferrell G, Esmon CT. Human protein C receptor is present primarily on endothelium of large blood vessels: implications for the control of the protein C pathway. Circulation. 1997;96:3633-3640.
10. Rezaie AR, Cooper ST, Church FC, Esmon CT. Protein C inhibitor is a potent inhibitor of the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:25336-25339.
11. Bourin MC, Lindahl U. Glycosaminoglycans and the regulation of blood coagulation. Biochem J. 1993;289:313-330.
12. Egan JO, Kalafatis M, Mann KG. The effect of Arg306→Ala and Arg506→Gln substitutions in the inactivation of recombinant human factor Va by activated protein C and protein S. Protein Sci. 1997;6:2016-2027.
13. Regan LM, Lamphear BJ, Huggins CF, Walker FJ, Fay PJ. Factor IXa protects factor VIIIa from activated protein C. J Biol Chem. 1994;269:9445-9452.
14. Harris KW, Esmon CT. Protein S is required for bovine platelets to support activated protein C binding and activity. J Biol Chem. 1985;260:2007-2010.
15. Walker FJ. Regulation of activated protein C by a new protein: a role for bovine protein S. J Biol Chem. 1980;255:5521-5524.
16. Smirnov MD, Safa O, Regan L, Mather T, Stearns-Kurosawa DJ, Kurosawa S, Rezaie AR, Esmon NL, Esmon CT. A chimeric protein C containing the prothrombin Gla domain exhibits increased anticoagulant activity and altered phospholipid specificity. J Biol Chem. 1998;273:9031-9040.
17. R506Q by activated protein C. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:27852-27858.
18. Shen L, Dahlbäck B. Factor V and protein S as synergistic cofactors to activated protein C in degradation of factor VIIIa. J Biol Chem. 1994;269:18735-18738.
19. Lu D, Kalafatis M, Mann KG, Long GL. Comparison of activated protein C/protein S-mediated inactivation of human factor VIII and factor V. Blood 1996;87:4708-4717.
20. Yegneswaran S, Wood GM, Esmon CT, Johnson AE. Protein S alters the active site location of activated protein C above the membrane surface. J Biol Chem. 1997;272:25013-25021.
21. Yegneswaran S, Smirnov MD, Safa O, Esmon NL, Esmon CT, Johnson AE. Relocation of the active site of activated protein C closer to the membrane surface coincides with an increase in factor Va inactivation activity and an insensitivity to protein S stimulation of activity. J Biol Chem. In press.
22. Okajima K, Koga S, Kaji M, Inoue M, Nakagaki T, Funatsu A, Okabe H, Takatsuki K, Aoki N. Effect of protein C and activated protein C on coagulation and fibrinolysis in normal human subjects. Thromb Haemost. 1990;63:48-53.
23. 1-antitrypsin. J Biol Chem. 1988;263:11613-11616.
24. Suzuki K, Deyashiki Y, Nishioka J, Kurachi K, Akira M, Yamamoto S, Hashimoto S. Characterization of a cDNA for human protein C inhibitor. A new member of the plasma serine protease inhibitor superfamily. J Biol Chem. 1987;262:611-616.
25. 2-macroglobulin, in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Thromb Haemost. 1993;69:448-453.
26. Mann KG, Hockin MF, Begin KJ, Kalafatis M. Activated protein C cleavage of factor Va leads to dissociation of the A2 domain. J Biol Chem. 1997;272:20678-20683.
27. Dahlback B. Physiological anticoagulation. Resistance to activated protein C and venous thromboembolism. J Clin Invest. 1994;94:923-927.
28. Bertina RM, Koeleman BPC, Koster T, Rosendaal FR, Dirven RJ, de Ronde H, van der Velden PA, Reitsma PH. Mutation in blood coagulation factor V associated with resistance to activated protein C. Nature. 1994;369:64-67.
29. Öhlin A-K, Marlar RA. The first mutation identified in the thrombomodulin gene in a 45-year-old man presenting with thromboembolic disease. Blood. 1995;85:330-336.
30. Norlund L, Holm J, Zoller B, Öhlin A-K. A common thrombomodulin amino acid dimorphism is associated with myocardial infarction. Thromb Haemost. 1997;77:248-251.
31. Ireland H, Kunz G, Kyriakoulis K, Stubbs PJ, Lane DA. Thrombomodulin gene mutations in myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1997;96:15-18.
32. Weiler-Guettler H, Christie PD, Beeler DL, Healy AM, Hancock WW, Rayburn H, Edelberg JM, Rosenberg RD. A targeted point mutation in thrombomodulin generates viable mice with a prethrombotic state. J Clin Invest. 1998;101:1983-1991.
33. Powars DR, Rogers ZR, Patch MJ, McGehee WG, Francis RB. Purpura fulminans in meningococcemia: association with acquired deficiencies of proteins C and S (letter). N Engl J Med. 1987;317:571-574.
34. Esmon CT, Owen WG. Identification of an endothelial cell cofactor for thrombin-catalyzed activation of protein C. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1981;78:2249-2252.
35. Snow TR, Deal MT, Dickey DT, Esmon CT. Protein C activation following coronary artery occlusion in the in situ porcine heart. Circulation. 1991;84:293-299.
36. Hyde E, Wetmore H, Gurewich V. Isolation and characterization of an in vivo thrombin-induced anticoagulant activity. Scand J Haematol. 1974;13:121
37. Comp PC, Jacocks RM, Ferrell GL, Esmon CT. Activation of protein C in vivo. J Clin Invest. 1982;70:127-134.
38. Beller-Todd BK, Archer LT, Hinshaw LB. Recovery from endotoxin shock after extracorporeal perfusion without anticoagulation. Circ Shock. 1997;6:261-269.
39. Murphy TL, Walker FJ, Taylor FB, Jr., Beller-Todd BK, Archer LT, Sofer SS, Hinshaw LB. Endogenous anticoagulation during extracorporeal perfusion: generation of a heparin-like inhibitor. Am J Physiol. 1980;239:H742-H750
40. Hinshaw LB, Chang ACK, Beller-Todd BK, Archer LT, Taylor FB, Jr. Extracorporeal perfusion without exogenous anticoagulation: its protective role in endotoxin shock. Circ Shock. 1982;9:281-295.
41. Taylor FB, Jr., Chang A, Hinshaw LB, Esmon CT, Archer LT, Beller BK. A model for thrombin protection against endotoxin. Thromb Res. 1984;36:177-185.
42. Taylor FB, Jr., Chang A, Esmon CT, D'Angelo A, Vigano-D'Angelo S, Blick KE. Protein C prevents the coagulopathic and lethal effects of E. coli infusion in the baboon. J Clin Invest. 1987;79:918-925.
43. Comp PC, Nixon RR, Cooper MR, Esmon CT. Familial protein S deficiency is associated with recurrent thrombosis. J Clin Invest. 1984;74:2082-2088.
44. Dahlback B. Protein S and C4b-binding protein: components involved in the regulation of the protein C anticoagulant system. Thromb Haemost. 1991;66:49-61.
45. Taylor F, Chang A, Ferrell G, Mather T, Catlett R, Blick K, Esmon CT. C4b-binding protein exacerbates the host response to Escherichia coli. Blood. 1991;78:357-363.
46. Smith OP, White B, Vaughan D, Rafferty M, Claffey L, Lyons B, Casey W. Use of protein-C concentrate, heparin, and haemodiafiltration in meningococcus-induced purpura fulminans. Lancet. 1997;350:1590-1593.
47. D'Angelo A, Vigano-D'Angelo S, Esmon CT, Comp PC. Acquired deficiencies of protein S: protein S activity during oral anticoagulation, in liver disease and in disseminated intravascular coagulation. J Clin Invest. 1988;81:1445-1454.
48. Moore KL, Esmon CT, Esmon NL. Tumor necrosis factor leads to internalization and degradation of thrombomodulin from the surface of bovine aortic endothelial cells in culture. Blood. 1989;73:159-165.
49. Conway EM, Rosenberg RD. Tumor necrosis factor suppresses transcription of the thrombomodulin gene in endothelial cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1988;8:5588-5592.
50. Lentz SR, Tsiang M, Sadler JE. Regulation of thrombomodulin by tumor necrosis factor α: comparison of transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. Blood. 1991;77:543-550.
51. Maruyama I, Soejima Y, Osame M, Ito T, Ogawa K, Yamamoto S, Dittman WA, Saito H. Increased expression of thrombomodulin on the cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells and mouse hemangioma cells by cyclic AMP. Thromb Res. 1991;61:301-310.
52. Yu K, Morioka H, Fritze LMS, Beeler DL, Jackman RW, Rosenberg RD. Transcriptional regulation of the thrombomodulin gene. J Biol Chem. 1992;267:23237-23247.
53. Nawroth PP, Handley DA, Esmon CT, Stern DM. Interleukin-1 induces endothelial cell procoagulant while suppressing cell surface anticoagulant activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1986;83:3460-3464.
54. Hirokawa K, Aoki N. Regulatory mechanisms for thrombomodulin expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. J Cell Physiol. 1991;147:157-165.
55. Moore KL, Andreoli SP, Esmon NL, Esmon CT, Bang NU. Endotoxin enhances tissue factor and suppresses thrombomodulin expression of human vascular endothelium in vitro. J Clin Invest. 1987;79:124-130.
56. Boehme MWJ, Deng Y, Raeth U, Bierhaus A, Ziegler R, Stremmel W, Nawroth PP. Release of thrombomodulin from endothelial cells by concerted action of TNF-α and neutrophils: in vivo and in vitro studies. Immunology. 1996;87:134-140.
57. Takano S, Kimura S, Ohdama S, Aoki N. Plasma thrombomodulin in health and diseases. Blood. 1990;76:2024-2029.
58. Ohdama S, Matsubara O, Aoki N. Plasma thrombomodulin in Wegener's granulomatosis as an indicator of vascular injuries. Chest. 1994;106:666-671.
59. Fijnvandraat K, Derkx B, Peters M, Bijlmer R, Sturk A, Prins MH, van Deventer SJH, Wouter ten Cate J. Coagulation activation and tissue necrosis in meningococcal septic shock: severely reduced protein C levels predict a high mortality. Thromb Haemost. 1995;73:15-20.
60. Okajima K, Imamura H, Koga S, Inoue M, Takatsuki K, Aoki N. Treatment of patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation by protein C. Am J Hematol. 1990;33:277-278.
61. Dreyfus M, Magny JF, Bridey F, Schwarz HP, Planche C, Dehan M, Tchernia G. Treatment of homozygous protein C deficiency and neonatal purpura fulminans with a purified protein C concentrate. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:1565-1568.
62. Gerson WT, Dickerman JD, Bovill EG, Golden E. Severe acquired protein C deficiency in purpura fulminans associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation: treatment with protein C concentrate. Pediatrics. 1993;91:418-422.
63. Rivard GE, David M, Farrell C, Schwarz HP. Treatment of purpura fulminans in meningococcemia with protein C concentrate. J Pediatr. 1995;126:646-652.
64. Rintala E, Seppala O-P, Kotilainen P, Rasi V. Protein C in the treatment of coagulopathy in meningococcal disease. Lancet. 1996;347:1767
65. Rintala E, Seppala O-P, Kotilainen P, Pettila V, Rasi V Protein C in the treatment of coagulopathy in meningococcal disease. Crit Care Med. 1998;26:965-968.
66. Hancock WW, Tsuchida A, Hau H, Thomson NM, Salem HH. The anticoagulants protein C and protein S display potent antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive effects relevant to transplant biology and therapy. Transplant Proc. 1992;24:2302-2303.
67. Fukudome K, Esmon CT. Identification, cloning and regulation of a novel endothelial cell protein C/activated protein C receptor. J Biol Chem. 1994;269:26486-26491.
68. McDonald JF, Shah AM, Schwalbe RA, Kisiel W, Dahlback B, Nelsestuen GL. Comparison of naturally occurring vitamin K-dependent proteins: correlation of amino acid sequences and membrane binding properties suggests a membrane contact site. Biochemistry. 1997;36:5120-5127.
69. Regan LM, Mollica JS, Rezaie AR, Esmon CT. The interaction between the endothelial cell protein C receptor and protein C is dictated by the Gla domain of protein C. J Biol Chem. 1997;272:26279-26284.
70. Regan LM, Stearns-Kurosawa DJ, Kurosawa S, Mollica J, Fukudome K, Esmon CT. The endothelial cell protein C receptor: inhibition of activated protein C anticoagulant function without modulation of reaction with proteinase inhibitors. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:17499-17503.
71. Ding W, Gu J-M, Fukudome K, Laszik Z, Grammas P, Esraon CT. Upregulation of the message for rodent endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) by endotoxin and thrombin. Circulation. 1996;94:1694. Abstract.
72. Xu J, Qu D, Esmon CT. Characterization of endothelial protein C receptor. In: Book of Abstracts, Vascular Biology '98 Scientific Conference of American Heart Association and North American Vascular Biology Organization. 1998:61. Abstract.
73. Xu J, Qu D, Esmon CT. Thrombin enhanced release of soluble EPCR mediated by metalloproteinases associated with caveolae. In: Book of Abstracts, Vascular Biology '98 Scientific Conference of American Heart Association and North American Vascular Biology Organization. 1998:62. Abstract.
74. Kurosawa S, Stearns-Kurosawa DJ, Hidari N, Esmon CT. Identification of functional endothelial protein C receptor in human plasma. J Clin Invest. 1997;100:411-418.
75. Kurosawa S, Stearns-Kurosawa DJ, Carson CW, D'Angelo A, Esmon CT. Plasma levels of endothelial cell protein C receptor are elevated in patients with sepsis and systemic lupus erythematosus: lack of correlation with thrombomodulin suggests involvement of different pathological processes (letter). Blood. 1998;91:724-728.
76. D'Angelo A, Valle PD, Crippa L, Pattarini E, Grimaldi LME, D'Angelo SV. Brief report: autoimmune protein S deficiency in a boy with severe thromboembolic disease. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:1753-1757.