메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 64, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 717-724

Sex-dependent behavioral effects of the neurosteroid allopregnanolone (3α,5α-THP) in neonatal and adult rats after postnatal stress

Author keywords

3 ,5 THP; Allopreganolone; Grooming; Maternal separation; Neurosteroid; Sex; Stress; Ultrasonic vocalization

Indexed keywords

3ALPHA HYDROXY 5ALPHA PREGNAN 20 ONE; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID A RECEPTOR; NEUROSTEROID;

EID: 0032739863     PISSN: 00913057     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0091-3057(99)00149-5     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (26)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 0027202293 scopus 로고
    • Physiological correlates of the forced swim test in rats
    • Abel E.L. Physiological correlates of the forced swim test in rats. Physiol. Behav. 54:1992;309-317.
    • (1992) Physiol. Behav. , vol.54 , pp. 309-317
    • Abel, E.L.1
  • 5
    • 0026582628 scopus 로고
    • Pregnane steroid alphaxalone attenuates anxiogenic behavioral effects of corticotropin releasing factor and stress
    • Britton K.T., McLeod S., Koob G.F., Hauger R. Pregnane steroid alphaxalone attenuates anxiogenic behavioral effects of corticotropin releasing factor and stress. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 41:1992;399-403.
    • (1992) Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. , vol.41 , pp. 399-403
    • Britton, K.T.1    McLeod, S.2    Koob, G.F.3    Hauger, R.4
  • 6
    • 0025240082 scopus 로고
    • Independence of benzodiazepine and opiate action in the suppression of isolation distress in rat pups
    • Carden S.E., Hofer M.A. Independence of benzodiazepine and opiate action in the suppression of isolation distress in rat pups. Behav. Neurosci. 104:1990;160-166.
    • (1990) Behav. Neurosci. , vol.104 , pp. 160-166
    • Carden, S.E.1    Hofer, M.A.2
  • 8
    • 0028932249 scopus 로고
    • The neurosteroid; 3a-Hydroxy-5a-pregnan-20-one; Protects against bicuculline-induced seizures during ethanol withdrawal in rats
    • Devaud L.L., Purdy R.H., Morrow A.L. The neurosteroid; 3a-Hydroxy-5a-pregnan-20-one; protects against bicuculline-induced seizures during ethanol withdrawal in rats. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 19:1995;350-355.
    • (1995) Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. , vol.19 , pp. 350-355
    • Devaud, L.L.1    Purdy, R.H.2    Morrow, A.L.3
  • 9
  • 10
    • 0021972591 scopus 로고
    • Distress vocalization in rat pups a simple screening method for anxiolytic drugs
    • Gardner C.R. Distress vocalization in rat pups a simple screening method for anxiolytic drugs. J. Pharmacol. Methods. 14:1985;181-187.
    • (1985) J. Pharmacol. Methods , vol.14 , pp. 181-187
    • Gardner, C.R.1
  • 11
    • 0028801074 scopus 로고
    • A receptor complex: The pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential of epalons
    • A receptor complex. The pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential of epalons Crit. Rev. Neurobiol. 9:1995;207-227.
    • (1995) Crit. Rev. Neurobiol. , vol.9 , pp. 207-227
    • Gee, K.W.1    McCauley, L.D.2    Lan, N.C.3
  • 13
    • 0030249912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal corticosterone regulation in an immature rat model of continuous chronic stress
    • Gilles E.E., Schultz L., Baram T.Z. Abnormal corticosterone regulation in an immature rat model of continuous chronic stress. Pediatr. Neurol. 15:1996;114-119.
    • (1996) Pediatr. Neurol. , vol.15 , pp. 114-119
    • Gilles, E.E.1    Schultz, L.2    Baram, T.Z.3
  • 14
    • 0031267263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for opioid and nonopioid processes mediating adaptive responses of infant rats that are repeatedly isolated
    • Goodwin G.A., Barr G.A. Evidence for opioid and nonopioid processes mediating adaptive responses of infant rats that are repeatedly isolated. Dev. Psychobiol. 31:1997;217-227.
    • (1997) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.31 , pp. 217-227
    • Goodwin, G.A.1    Barr, G.A.2
  • 15
    • 0026535610 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the prefrontal cortical dopamine system by the neuroactive steroid 3α,21-dihydroxy-5α-pregnane-20-one
    • Grobin A.C., Roth R.H., Deutch A.Y. Regulation of the prefrontal cortical dopamine system by the neuroactive steroid 3α,21-dihydroxy-5α-pregnane-20-one. Brain Res. 578:1992;351-356.
    • (1992) Brain Res. , vol.578 , pp. 351-356
    • Grobin, A.C.1    Roth, R.H.2    Deutch, A.Y.3
  • 17
    • 0031979135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social deprivation of neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats has distinct neurochemical and behavioral consequences
    • Hall S.F. Social deprivation of neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats has distinct neurochemical and behavioral consequences. Crit. Rev. Neurobiol. 12:1998;129-162.
    • (1998) Crit. Rev. Neurobiol. , vol.12 , pp. 129-162
    • Hall, S.F.1
  • 18
    • 0023302088 scopus 로고
    • Altered grooming responses to stress in rats exposed prenatally to ethanol
    • Hannigan J.H., Blsnchard B.A., Riley E.P. Altered grooming responses to stress in rats exposed prenatally to ethanol. Behav. Neural Biol. 47:1987;173-185.
    • (1987) Behav. Neural Biol. , vol.47 , pp. 173-185
    • Hannigan, J.H.1    Blsnchard, B.A.2    Riley, E.P.3
  • 19
    • 0031039284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to brief social separation
    • Hennessy M.B. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to brief social separation. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 21:1997;11-29.
    • (1997) Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. , vol.21 , pp. 11-29
    • Hennessy, M.B.1
  • 20
    • 0029829828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the nature and consequences of early loss
    • Hofer M.A. On the nature and consequences of early loss. Psychosom. Med. 58:1996;570-581.
    • (1996) Psychosom. Med. , vol.58 , pp. 570-581
    • Hofer, M.A.1
  • 21
    • 0018160709 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonic vocalization during social interaction and isolation in 2-week-old rats
    • Hofer M.A., Shair H. Ultrasonic vocalization during social interaction and isolation in 2-week-old rats. Dev. Psychobiol. 11:1978;495-504.
    • (1978) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.11 , pp. 495-504
    • Hofer, M.A.1    Shair, H.2
  • 23
    • 0032423069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of chronic ethanol consumption and withdrawal on the neuroactive steroid, 3a-Hydroxy-5a-pregnan-20-one in male and female rats
    • Janis G.C., Devaud L.L., Mitsuyama H., Morrow A.L. Effects of chronic ethanol consumption and withdrawal on the neuroactive steroid, 3a-Hydroxy-5a-pregnan-20-one in male and female rats. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 22:1998;2055-2061.
    • (1998) Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. , vol.22 , pp. 2055-2061
    • Janis, G.C.1    Devaud, L.L.2    Mitsuyama, H.3    Morrow, A.L.4
  • 24
    • 0026026039 scopus 로고
    • Sex difference in animal tests of anxiety
    • Johnston A.L., File S.E. Sex difference in animal tests of anxiety. Physiol. Behav. 49:1990;245-250.
    • (1990) Physiol. Behav. , vol.49 , pp. 245-250
    • Johnston, A.L.1    File, S.E.2
  • 25
    • 0023712065 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of age-related changes in stress-induced grooming in the rat: Differential behavioral profile of adaptation to stress
    • D.L. Colbern, & W.H. Gispen. New York: The New York Academy of Sciences
    • Kametani H. Analysis of age-related changes in stress-induced grooming in the rat. Differential behavioral profile of adaptation to stress Colbern D.L., Gispen W.H. Neural mechanisms and biological significance of grooming behavior. 1988;101-113 The New York Academy of Sciences, New York.
    • (1988) Neural Mechanisms and Biological Significance of Grooming Behavior , pp. 101-113
    • Kametani, H.1
  • 26
    • 0031594247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult rats stressed as neonates show exaggerated behavioral responses to both pharmacological and environmental challenges
    • Kehoe P., Shoemaker W.J., Triano L., Callahan M., Rappolt G. Adult rats stressed as neonates show exaggerated behavioral responses to both pharmacological and environmental challenges. Behav. Neurosci. 112:1998;116-125.
    • (1998) Behav. Neurosci. , vol.112 , pp. 116-125
    • Kehoe, P.1    Shoemaker, W.J.2    Triano, L.3    Callahan, M.4    Rappolt, G.5
  • 27
    • 0025039024 scopus 로고
    • Endocrine responses to mother-infant separation in developing rats
    • Kuhn C.M., Pauk J., Schanberg S.M. Endocrine responses to mother-infant separation in developing rats. Dev. Psychobiol. 23:1990;395-410.
    • (1990) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.23 , pp. 395-410
    • Kuhn, C.M.1    Pauk, J.2    Schanberg, S.M.3
  • 28
    • 0029916848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent changes in corticotropin-releasing factor neuronal systems induced by maternal deprivation
    • Ladd C.O., Owens M.J., Nemeroff C.B. Persistent changes in corticotropin-releasing factor neuronal systems induced by maternal deprivation. Endocrinology. 137:1996;1212-1218.
    • (1996) Endocrinology , vol.137 , pp. 1212-1218
    • Ladd, C.O.1    Owens, M.J.2    Nemeroff, C.B.3
  • 30
    • 0026279748 scopus 로고
    • Time course of the effect of maternal deprivation on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the infant rat
    • Levine S., Huchton D.M., Wiener S.G., Rosenfeld P. Time course of the effect of maternal deprivation on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the infant rat. Dev. Psychobiol. 24:1992;547-558.
    • (1992) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.24 , pp. 547-558
    • Levine, S.1    Huchton, D.M.2    Wiener, S.G.3    Rosenfeld, P.4
  • 31
    • 0028178650 scopus 로고
    • A receptor channels
    • W.M. Cowan, E.M. Shooter, C.F. Stevens, & R.F. Thompson. New York: Annual Reviews Inc
    • A receptor channels. Cowan W.M., Shooter E.M., Stevens C.F., Thompson R.F. In. Annual review of neuroscience, vol. 17:1994;569-602 Annual Reviews Inc, New York.
    • (1994) In: Annual Review of Neuroscience, Vol. 17 , pp. 569-602
    • Macdonald, R.L.1    Olsen, R.W.2
  • 32
    • 0024156623 scopus 로고
    • Animal models of chronic anxiety and "fearlessness."
    • Marczynski T.J., Urbancic M. Animal models of chronic anxiety and "fearlessness." Brain Res. Bull. 21:1988;483-490.
    • (1988) Brain Res. Bull. , vol.21 , pp. 483-490
    • Marczynski, T.J.1    Urbancic, M.2
  • 33
    • 0030053268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeated maternal separation of preweanling rats attenuates behavioral responses to primary and conditioned incentives in adulthood
    • Matthews K., Wilkinson L.S., Robbins T.W. Repeated maternal separation of preweanling rats attenuates behavioral responses to primary and conditioned incentives in adulthood. Physiol. Behav. 59:1996;99-107.
    • (1996) Physiol. Behav. , vol.59 , pp. 99-107
    • Matthews, K.1    Wilkinson, L.S.2    Robbins, T.W.3
  • 34
    • 0030038741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early environmental regulation of forebrain glucocorticoid receptor gene expression: Implications for adrenocortical responses to stress
    • Meaney M.J., Diorio J., Francis D., Widdowson J., LaPlante P., Caldji C., Sharma S., Seckl J.R., Plotsky P.M. Early environmental regulation of forebrain glucocorticoid receptor gene expression. Implications for adrenocortical responses to stress Dev. Neurosci. 18:1996;49-72.
    • (1996) Dev. Neurosci. , vol.18 , pp. 49-72
    • Meaney, M.J.1    Diorio, J.2    Francis, D.3    Widdowson, J.4    Laplante, P.5    Caldji, C.6    Sharma, S.7    Seckl, J.R.8    Plotsky, P.M.9
  • 36
    • 0023748783 scopus 로고
    • The effects of anxiolytics and other agents on rat grooming behavior
    • D.L. Colbern, & W.H. Gispen. New York: The New York Academy of Sciences
    • Moody T.W., Merali Z., Crawley J.N. The effects of anxiolytics and other agents on rat grooming behavior. Colbern D.L., Gispen W.H. Neural mechanisms and biological significance of grooming behavior. 1988;281-290 The New York Academy of Sciences, New York.
    • (1988) Neural Mechanisms and Biological Significance of Grooming Behavior , pp. 281-290
    • Moody, T.W.1    Merali, Z.2    Crawley, J.N.3
  • 38
    • 0030560881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neurosteroid tetrhydroprogesterone attenuates the endocrine response to stress and exerts glucocorticoid-like effects on vasopressin gene transcription in the rat hypothalamus
    • Patchev V.K., Hassan A.H., Holsboer F., Almeida O.F. The neurosteroid tetrhydroprogesterone attenuates the endocrine response to stress and exerts glucocorticoid-like effects on vasopressin gene transcription in the rat hypothalamus. Neuropsychopharmacology. 15:1996;533-540.
    • (1996) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.15 , pp. 533-540
    • Patchev, V.K.1    Hassan, A.H.2    Holsboer, F.3    Almeida, O.F.4
  • 39
    • 0343242304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroactive steriods and the behavioral and endocrine response to stress
    • A.R. Genazzani, F. Petraglia, & R.H. Purdy. New York: The Parthenon
    • Patchev V.K., Holsboer F., Almeida O.F. Neuroactive steriods and the behavioral and endocrine response to stress. Genazzani A.R., Petraglia F., Purdy R.H. The brain. Source and target for sex steroid hormones:1996;93-101 The Parthenon, New York.
    • (1996) The Brain: Source and Target for Sex Steroid Hormones , pp. 93-101
    • Patchev, V.K.1    Holsboer, F.2    Almeida, O.F.3
  • 40
    • 0030899031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal treatment of rats with the neuroactive steroid tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC) abolishes the behavioral and neuroendocrine consequences of adverse early life events
    • Patchev V.K., Montkowski A., Rouskova D., Koranyi L., Holsboer F., Almeida O.F. Neonatal treatment of rats with the neuroactive steroid tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC) abolishes the behavioral and neuroendocrine consequences of adverse early life events. J. Clin. Investigat. 99:1997;962-966.
    • (1997) J. Clin. Investigat. , vol.99 , pp. 962-966
    • Patchev, V.K.1    Montkowski, A.2    Rouskova, D.3    Koranyi, L.4    Holsboer, F.5    Almeida, O.F.6
  • 41
    • 0027990941 scopus 로고
    • The neurosteroid tetrahydroprogesterone counteracts corticotropin-releasing hormone-induced anxiety and alters the release and gene expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone in the rat hypothalamus
    • Patchev V.K., Shoaib M., Holsboer F., Almeida O.F. The neurosteroid tetrahydroprogesterone counteracts corticotropin-releasing hormone-induced anxiety and alters the release and gene expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone in the rat hypothalamus. Neuroscience. 62:1994;265-271.
    • (1994) Neuroscience , vol.62 , pp. 265-271
    • Patchev, V.K.1    Shoaib, M.2    Holsboer, F.3    Almeida, O.F.4
  • 42
    • 0025882098 scopus 로고
    • Stress-induced elevations of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor-active steroids in the rat brain
    • Purdy R.H., Morrow A.L., Moore P.H., Paul S.M. Stress-induced elevations of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor-active steroids in the rat brain. Neurobiology. 88:1991;4553-4557.
    • (1991) Neurobiology , vol.88 , pp. 4553-4557
    • Purdy, R.H.1    Morrow, A.L.2    Moore, P.H.3    Paul, S.M.4
  • 43
    • 0023730722 scopus 로고
    • The development of grooming and its expression in adult animals
    • D.L. Colbern, & W.H. Gispen. New York: The New York Academy of Sciences
    • Sachs B.D. The development of grooming and its expression in adult animals. Colbern D.L., Gispen W.H. Neural mechanisms and biological significance of grooming behavior. 1988;1-17 The New York Academy of Sciences, New York.
    • (1988) Neural Mechanisms and Biological Significance of Grooming Behavior , pp. 1-17
    • Sachs, B.D.1
  • 44
    • 0018833810 scopus 로고
    • Matuaration of the adrenal stress responsiveness in the rat
    • Schoenfeld N.M., Leathem J.H., Rabii J. Matuaration of the adrenal stress responsiveness in the rat. Neuroendocrinology. 31:1980;101-105.
    • (1980) Neuroendocrinology , vol.31 , pp. 101-105
    • Schoenfeld, N.M.1    Leathem, J.H.2    Rabii, J.3
  • 45
    • 0020065037 scopus 로고
    • Sex and strain differences in benzodiazepine receptor binding in Roman rat strains
    • Shepard R.A., Nielson E.B., Broadhurst P.L. Sex and strain differences in benzodiazepine receptor binding in Roman rat strains. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 77:1982;327-330.
    • (1982) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.77 , pp. 327-330
    • Shepard, R.A.1    Nielson, E.B.2    Broadhurst, P.L.3
  • 46
    • 0023769727 scopus 로고
    • Maternal deprivation potentiates pituitary-adrenal stress responses in infant rats
    • Stanton M.E., Gutierrez Y.R., Levine S. Maternal deprivation potentiates pituitary-adrenal stress responses in infant rats. Behav. Neurosci. 102:1988;692-700.
    • (1988) Behav. Neurosci. , vol.102 , pp. 692-700
    • Stanton, M.E.1    Gutierrez, Y.R.2    Levine, S.3
  • 47
    • 0025027656 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of infant glucocorticoid stress response: Specific role of maternal cues
    • Stanton M.E., Levine S. Inhibition of infant glucocorticoid stress response. Specific role of maternal cues Dev. Psychobiol. 23:1990;411-426.
    • (1990) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.23 , pp. 411-426
    • Stanton, M.E.1    Levine, S.2
  • 48
    • 0030667414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of maternal deprivation on the corticosterone response to stress in rats
    • Suchecki D., Tufik S. Long-term effects of maternal deprivation on the corticosterone response to stress in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 273:1997;R1332-R1338.
    • (1997) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.273
    • Suchecki, D.1    Tufik, S.2
  • 49
    • 0030014989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of neonatal maternaldeprivation and ACTH on hippocampal mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors
    • Sutano W., Rosenfeld P., de Kloet E.R., Levine S. Long-term effects of neonatal maternaldeprivation and ACTH on hippocampal mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors. Dev. Brain Res. 92:1996;156-163.
    • (1996) Dev. Brain Res. , vol.92 , pp. 156-163
    • Sutano, W.1    Rosenfeld, P.2    De Kloet, E.R.3    Levine, S.4
  • 50
    • 0030867517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonic vocalization in rat pups: Modulation at the g-aminobutyric acida receptor complex and the neurosteroid recognition site
    • Vivian J.A., Barros H.M.T., Manitiu A., Miczek K.A. Ultrasonic vocalization in rat pups. Modulation at the g-aminobutyric acida receptor complex and the neurosteroid recognition site J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 282:1997;318-325.
    • (1997) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.282 , pp. 318-325
    • Vivian, J.A.1    Barros, H.M.T.2    Manitiu, A.3    Miczek, K.A.4
  • 51
    • 0008022746 scopus 로고
    • Influences of the hormonal milieu on acute and chronic benzodiazepine responses in rats
    • R.R. Watson. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
    • Wilson M.A. Influences of the hormonal milieu on acute and chronic benzodiazepine responses in rats. Watson R.R. Drugs of abuse and neurobiology. 1992;209-231 CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
    • (1992) Drugs of Abuse and Neurobiology , pp. 209-231
    • Wilson, M.A.1
  • 52
    • 0030908224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of gender and brain region on neurosteroid modulation of GABA responses in rats
    • Wilson M.A., Biscardi R. Influence of gender and brain region on neurosteroid modulation of GABA responses in rats. Life Sci. 60:1997;1687-1691.
    • (1997) Life Sci. , vol.60 , pp. 1687-1691
    • Wilson, M.A.1    Biscardi, R.2
  • 53
    • 0026070408 scopus 로고
    • The infant rat separation paradigm: A novel test for novel anxiolytics
    • Winslow J.T., Insel T.R. The infant rat separation paradigm. A novel test for novel anxiolytics Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 12:1991;402-404.
    • (1991) Trends Pharmacol. Sci. , vol.12 , pp. 402-404
    • Winslow, J.T.1    Insel, T.R.2
  • 54
    • 0032100239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal experience and postnatal stress modulate the adult neurosteroid and catecholaminergic stress responses
    • Zimmerberg B., Brown R.C. Prenatal experience and postnatal stress modulate the adult neurosteroid and catecholaminergic stress responses. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 16:1998;217-228.
    • (1998) Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. , vol.16 , pp. 217-228
    • Zimmerberg, B.1    Brown, R.C.2
  • 55
    • 0028348176 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of rat pup ultrasonic vocalizations by the neurosteroid allopregnanolone
    • Zimmerberg B., Brunelli S.A., Hofer M.A. Reduction of rat pup ultrasonic vocalizations by the neurosteroid allopregnanolone. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 47:1994;735-738.
    • (1994) Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. , vol.47 , pp. 735-738
    • Zimmerberg, B.1    Brunelli, S.A.2    Hofer, M.A.3
  • 56
    • 0027385156 scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in anxiety behavior in rats: Role of gonadal hormones
    • Zimmerberg B., Farley M.J. Sex differences in anxiety behavior in rats. Role of gonadal hormones Physiol. Behav. 54:1993;1119-1124.
    • (1993) Physiol. Behav. , vol.54 , pp. 1119-1124
    • Zimmerberg, B.1    Farley, M.J.2
  • 57
    • 0026844384 scopus 로고
    • Temperature-dependent effects of maternal separation on growth, activity, and amphetamine sensitivity in the rat
    • Zimmerberg B., Shartrand A.M. Temperature-dependent effects of maternal separation on growth, activity, and amphetamine sensitivity in the rat. Dev. Psychobiol. 25:1992;213-226.
    • (1992) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.25 , pp. 213-226
    • Zimmerberg, B.1    Shartrand, A.M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.