메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 1-2, 1998, Pages 129-162

Social deprivation of neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats has distinct neurochemical and behavioral consequences

Author keywords

Animal models; Dopamine; Maternal deprivation; Serotonin; Social deprivation; Social isolation

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; AGE; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; BEHAVIOR; BRAIN; CONTROLLED STUDY; MATERNAL DEPRIVATION; MENTAL DISEASE; NEUROCHEMISTRY; NEWBORN; NONHUMAN; PHENOTYPE; RAT; REVIEW; SOCIAL INTERACTION; SOCIAL ISOLATION;

EID: 0031979135     PISSN: 08920915     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevNeurobiol.v12.i1-2.50     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (480)

References (266)
  • 1
    • 84956586155 scopus 로고
    • Anaclitic depression: An inquiry into the genesis of psychiatric conditions of early childhood
    • Spitz, R. Z., Anaclitic depression: an inquiry into the genesis of psychiatric conditions of early childhood, Psychoanal. Stud. Child., 2, 313, 1946.
    • (1946) Psychoanal. Stud. Child. , vol.2 , pp. 313
    • Spitz, R.Z.1
  • 2
    • 0015115203 scopus 로고
    • From thought to therapy: Lessons from a primate laboratory
    • Harlow, H. F., Harlow M. K., and Suomi, S. J., From thought to therapy: lessons from a primate laboratory, Am. Sci., 59, 538, 1971.
    • (1971) Am. Sci. , vol.59 , pp. 538
    • Harlow, H.F.1    Harlow, M.K.2    Suomi, S.J.3
  • 3
    • 0007912754 scopus 로고
    • Separation in infant dogs: Emotional response and motivational consequences
    • Scott, J. P. and Senay, E. C., Eds., A.A.A.S. Press, Washington, D.C.
    • Scott, J. P., Stewart, J. M., and DeGhett, V. J., Separation in infant dogs: emotional response and motivational consequences, in Separation and Depression, Scott, J. P. and Senay, E. C., Eds., A.A.A.S. Press, Washington, D.C., 1973, 3.
    • (1973) Separation and Depression , pp. 3
    • Scott, J.P.1    Stewart, J.M.2    DeGhett, V.J.3
  • 4
    • 0028398424 scopus 로고
    • Differential Stressor effects on the concentrations of cortisol, prolactin and catecholamines in the blood of sheep
    • Parrott, R. F., Misson, B. H., and De La Riva, C. F., Differential Stressor effects on the concentrations of cortisol, prolactin and catecholamines in the blood of sheep, Res. Vet. Sci., 56, 234, 1994.
    • (1994) Res. Vet. Sci. , vol.56 , pp. 234
    • Parrott, R.F.1    Misson, B.H.2    De La Riva, C.F.3
  • 5
    • 0000152483 scopus 로고
    • The effects of early experience on problem-solving at maturity
    • Hebb, D. O., The effects of early experience on problem-solving at maturity, Am. Phychol., 2, 306, 1947.
    • (1947) Am. Phychol. , vol.2 , pp. 306
    • Hebb, D.O.1
  • 6
    • 0022553510 scopus 로고
    • The effects of long-term isolation on physiology and behavior in male guinea pigs
    • Sachser, N., The effects of long-term isolation on physiology and behavior in male guinea pigs, Physiol. Behav., 38, 31, 1986.
    • (1986) Physiol. Behav. , vol.38 , pp. 31
    • Sachser, N.1
  • 7
    • 0021815497 scopus 로고
    • A monoamine oxidase inhibitor reverses the 'separation syndrome' in a new hamster separation model of depression
    • Crawley, J. N., A monoamine oxidase inhibitor reverses the 'separation syndrome' in a new hamster separation model of depression, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 112, 129, 1985.
    • (1985) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.112 , pp. 129
    • Crawley, J.N.1
  • 8
    • 0013956590 scopus 로고
    • The development of activity differences in isolated and aggregated mice
    • Essman, W. B., The development of activity differences in isolated and aggregated mice, Anim. Behav., 14, 406, 1966.
    • (1966) Anim. Behav. , vol.14 , pp. 406
    • Essman, W.B.1
  • 9
    • 0026733744 scopus 로고
    • Developmental isolation and subsequent adult behavior of Drosophila paulistorum. I. Survey of the six semispecies
    • Kim, Y. K., Ehrman, L., and Koepfer, H. R., Developmental isolation and subsequent adult behavior of Drosophila paulistorum. I. Survey of the six semispecies, Behav. Gen., 22, 545, 1992.
    • (1992) Behav. Gen. , vol.22 , pp. 545
    • Kim, Y.K.1    Ehrman, L.2    Koepfer, H.R.3
  • 11
    • 0000555511 scopus 로고
    • Effects of environmental complexity and training on brain chemistry
    • Krech, D., Rosenzweig, M. R., and Bennett, E. L., Effects of environmental complexity and training on brain chemistry, J. Comp. Physiol. Psych., 53, 509, 1960.
    • (1960) J. Comp. Physiol. Psych. , vol.53 , pp. 509
    • Krech, D.1    Rosenzweig, M.R.2    Bennett, E.L.3
  • 12
    • 0003355820 scopus 로고
    • The effect of prolonged isolation on the catecholamine and serotonin concentration of discrete areas of the rat brain
    • Usdin, E., Kvetnansky, R., and Kopin, I. J., Eds., Pergamon Press, Oxford
    • Thoa, N. B., Tizabi, Y., and Jacobowitz, D. M., The effect of prolonged isolation on the catecholamine and serotonin concentration of discrete areas of the rat brain, in Catecholamines and Stress, Usdin, E., Kvetnansky, R., and Kopin, I. J., Eds., Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1976.
    • (1976) Catecholamines and Stress
    • Thoa, N.B.1    Tizabi, Y.2    Jacobowitz, D.M.3
  • 13
    • 0017887331 scopus 로고
    • Changes in brain catecholamine turnover and receptor sensitivity induced by social deprivation in rats
    • Weinstock, M., Speiser, Z., and Ashkenazi, R., Changes in brain catecholamine turnover and receptor sensitivity induced by social deprivation in rats, Psychopharmacology, 56, 205, 1978.
    • (1978) Psychopharmacology , vol.56 , pp. 205
    • Weinstock, M.1    Speiser, Z.2    Ashkenazi, R.3
  • 14
    • 0025007262 scopus 로고
    • Increased sensitivity to amphetamine and reward-related stimuli following social isolation in rats: Possible disruption of dopamine-dependent mechanisms
    • Jones, G. H., Marsden, C. A., and Robbins, T. W., Increased sensitivity to amphetamine and reward-related stimuli following social isolation in rats: possible disruption of dopamine-dependent mechanisms, Psychopharmacology, 102, 364, 1990.
    • (1990) Psychopharmacology , vol.102 , pp. 364
    • Jones, G.H.1    Marsden, C.A.2    Robbins, T.W.3
  • 15
    • 0026671676 scopus 로고
    • Dopaminergic and serotonergic function following isolation-rearing in rats: A study of behavioral responses and post-mortem and in vivo neurochemistry
    • Jones, G. H., Hernandez, T. D., Kendall, D. A., Marsden, C. A., and Robbins, T. W., Dopaminergic and serotonergic function following isolation-rearing in rats: a study of behavioral responses and post-mortem and in vivo neurochemistry, Pharm. Biochem. Behav., 43, 17, 1992.
    • (1992) Pharm. Biochem. Behav. , vol.43 , pp. 17
    • Jones, G.H.1    Hernandez, T.D.2    Kendall, D.A.3    Marsden, C.A.4    Robbins, T.W.5
  • 16
    • 0010429917 scopus 로고
    • Models of depression based on behavioral observations of experimental animals
    • Paykel, E. S. and Copper, A., Eds., Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Everitt, B. J. and Keverne, E. B., Models of depression based on behavioral observations of experimental animals, in Psychopharmacology of Affective Disorders, Paykel, E. S. and Copper, A., Eds., Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1979, 41.
    • (1979) Psychopharmacology of Affective Disorders , pp. 41
    • Everitt, B.J.1    Keverne, E.B.2
  • 17
    • 0021348560 scopus 로고
    • The validity of animal models of depression
    • Willner, P., The validity of animal models of depression, Psychopharmacology, 83, 1, 1984.
    • (1984) Psychopharmacology , vol.83 , pp. 1
    • Willner, P.1
  • 19
    • 0342947928 scopus 로고
    • Are animal models of mental illness viable
    • Elliott, J. M., Heal, D. J., and Marsden, C. A., Eds., John Wiley, London
    • Robbins, T. W., Are animal models of mental illness viable, in Experimental Approaches to Anxiety and Depression, Elliott, J. M., Heal, D. J., and Marsden, C. A., Eds., John Wiley, London, 1992, 219.
    • (1992) Experimental Approaches to Anxiety and Depression , pp. 219
    • Robbins, T.W.1
  • 20
    • 0017711963 scopus 로고
    • Maternal pituitary-adrenal responsiveness as a function of differential treatment of rat pups
    • Smotherman, W. P., Wiener, S. G., Mendoza, S. P., and Levine, S., Maternal pituitary-adrenal responsiveness as a function of differential treatment of rat pups, Dev. Psychobiol., 10, 113, 1977.
    • (1977) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.10 , pp. 113
    • Smotherman, W.P.1    Wiener, S.G.2    Mendoza, S.P.3    Levine, S.4
  • 21
    • 0026483845 scopus 로고
    • Taste preferences, body weight, food, and fluid intake in singly or group-housed rats
    • Scalera, G., Taste preferences, body weight, food, and fluid intake in singly or group-housed rats, Physiol. Behav., 52, 935, 1992.
    • (1992) Physiol. Behav. , vol.52 , pp. 935
    • Scalera, G.1
  • 23
    • 0017408532 scopus 로고
    • A critical period for social isolation in the rat
    • Einon, D. F. and Morgan, M. J., A critical period for social isolation in the rat, Dev. Psychobiol., 10, 123, 1977.
    • (1977) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.10 , pp. 123
    • Einon, D.F.1    Morgan, M.J.2
  • 24
    • 0019726242 scopus 로고
    • Isolation has permanent effects upon the behavior of the rat, but not the mouse, gerbil, or guinea pig
    • Einon, D. F., Humphreys, A. P., Chivers, S. M., Field, S., and Naylor, V., Isolation has permanent effects upon the behavior of the rat, but not the mouse, gerbil, or guinea pig, Dev. Psychobiol., 14, 343, 1981.
    • (1981) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.14 , pp. 343
    • Einon, D.F.1    Humphreys, A.P.2    Chivers, S.M.3    Field, S.4    Naylor, V.5
  • 25
    • 0025053395 scopus 로고
    • Infant's response to social separation reflects adult differences in affiliative behavior: A comparative developmental study in prairie and montane voles
    • Shapiro, L. E. and Insel, T. R., Infant's response to social separation reflects adult differences in affiliative behavior: a comparative developmental study in prairie and montane voles, Dev. Psychobiol., 23, 375, 1990.
    • (1990) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.23 , pp. 375
    • Shapiro, L.E.1    Insel, T.R.2
  • 27
    • 0025045472 scopus 로고
    • Effect of environmental complexity on size of the superior colliculus
    • Fuchs, J. L., Montemayor, M., and Greenough, W. T., Effect of environmental complexity on size of the superior colliculus, Behav. Neur. Biol., 54, 203, 1990.
    • (1990) Behav. Neur. Biol. , vol.54 , pp. 203
    • Fuchs, J.L.1    Montemayor, M.2    Greenough, W.T.3
  • 28
    • 0028509406 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic activation of the brain of young rats after exposure to environmental complexity
    • Gonzalez-Lima, F., Ferchmin, P. A., Eterovic, V. A., and Gonzalez-Lima, E. M., Metabolic activation of the brain of young rats after exposure to environmental complexity, Dev. Psychobiol., 27, 343, 1994.
    • (1994) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.27 , pp. 343
    • Gonzalez-Lima, F.1    Ferchmin, P.A.2    Eterovic, V.A.3    Gonzalez-Lima, E.M.4
  • 29
    • 0028147753 scopus 로고
    • Early relationships as regulators of infant physiology and behavior
    • Hofer, M. A., Early relationships as regulators of infant physiology and behavior, Acta Paediatr. Suppl., 397, 9, 1994.
    • (1994) Acta Paediatr. Suppl. , vol.397 , pp. 9
    • Hofer, M.A.1
  • 30
    • 0000561256 scopus 로고
    • Hidden regulatory processes in early social relationships
    • Klopfer, P. and Bateson, P. O. G., Eds., Plenum Press, New York
    • Hofer, M. A., Hidden regulatory processes in early social relationships, in Perspectives in Ethology, Klopfer, P. and Bateson, P. O. G., Eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1978, 135.
    • (1978) Perspectives in Ethology , pp. 135
    • Hofer, M.A.1
  • 31
    • 0014573359 scopus 로고
    • The development of cardiac rate regulation in preweanling rats
    • Hofer, M. A., The development of cardiac rate regulation in preweanling rats, Psychonom. Med., 32, 372, 1969.
    • (1969) Psychonom. Med. , vol.32 , pp. 372
    • Hofer, M.A.1
  • 32
    • 0024115228 scopus 로고
    • Effect of maternal presence on the fear response to an unfamiliar environment as measured by heart rate in rats as a function of age
    • Richardson, R., Siegel, M. A., and Campbell, B. A., Effect of maternal presence on the fear response to an unfamiliar environment as measured by heart rate in rats as a function of age, Dev. Psychobiol., 21, 613, 1988.
    • (1988) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.21 , pp. 613
    • Richardson, R.1    Siegel, M.A.2    Campbell, B.A.3
  • 33
    • 0014947840 scopus 로고
    • Physiological responses of infant rats to separation from their mothers
    • Hofer, M. A., Physiological responses of infant rats to separation from their mothers, Science, 168, 871, 1970.
    • (1970) Science , vol.168 , pp. 871
    • Hofer, M.A.1
  • 34
    • 0015828032 scopus 로고
    • The effects of brief maternal separations on behavior and heart rate of two-week-old rat pups
    • Hofer, M. A., The effects of brief maternal separations on behavior and heart rate of two-week-old rat pups, Physiol Behav., 10, 423, 1973.
    • (1973) Physiol Behav. , vol.10 , pp. 423
    • Hofer, M.A.1
  • 35
    • 0015832234 scopus 로고
    • The role of nutrition in the physiological and behavioral effects of early maternal separation on infant rats
    • Hofer, M. A., The role of nutrition in the physiological and behavioral effects of early maternal separation on infant rats, Psychosomat. Med., 35, 350, 1973.
    • (1973) Psychosomat. Med. , vol.35 , pp. 350
    • Hofer, M.A.1
  • 36
    • 0015094471 scopus 로고
    • Development and mechanisms of cardiorespiratory resposes to maternal deprivation in rat pups
    • Hofer, M. A. and Weiner, H., Development and mechanisms of cardiorespiratory resposes to maternal deprivation in rat pups, Psychosomat. Med., 33, 353, 1971.
    • (1971) Psychosomat. Med. , vol.33 , pp. 353
    • Hofer, M.A.1    Weiner, H.2
  • 37
    • 0015902929 scopus 로고
    • Maternal separation effects infant rats' behavior
    • Hofer, M. A., Maternal separation effects infant rats' behavior, Behav. Biol., 9, 629, 1973.
    • (1973) Behav. Biol. , vol.9 , pp. 629
    • Hofer, M.A.1
  • 38
    • 0020322799 scopus 로고
    • Control of sleep-wake states in the infant rat by features of the mother-infant relationship
    • Hofer, M. A. and Shair, H., Control of sleep-wake states in the infant rat by features of the mother-infant relationship, Dev. Psychobiol., 15, 229, 1982.
    • (1982) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.15 , pp. 229
    • Hofer, M.A.1    Shair, H.2
  • 39
    • 0018160709 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonic vocalization during social interaction and isolation in 2-week-old rats
    • Hofer, M. A. and Shair, H. N., Ultrasonic vocalization during social interaction and isolation in 2-week-old rats, Dev. Psychobiol., 11, 495, 1978.
    • (1978) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.11 , pp. 495
    • Hofer, M.A.1    Shair, H.N.2
  • 40
    • 0018904536 scopus 로고
    • Sensory processes in the control of isolation-induced ultrasonic vocalization by 2-week-old rats
    • Hofer, M. A. and Shair, H., Sensory processes in the control of isolation-induced ultrasonic vocalization by 2-week-old rats, J. Comp. Physiol. Psych., 94, 271, 1980.
    • (1980) J. Comp. Physiol. Psych. , vol.94 , pp. 271
    • Hofer, M.A.1    Shair, H.2
  • 41
    • 0015163728 scopus 로고
    • Effects of temperature on ultrasound production by infant albino rats
    • Allin, J. T. and Banks, E. M., Effects of temperature on ultrasound production by infant albino rats, Dev. Psychobiol., 4, 149, 1971.
    • (1971) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.4 , pp. 149
    • Allin, J.T.1    Banks, E.M.2
  • 42
    • 0026862206 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonic vocalizations by rat pups: The primary importance of ambient temperature and the thermal significance of contact comfort
    • Blumberg, M. S., Efimova, I. V., and Alberts, J. R., Ultrasonic vocalizations by rat pups: the primary importance of ambient temperature and the thermal significance of contact comfort, Dev. Psychobiol., 25, 229, 1992.
    • (1992) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.25 , pp. 229
    • Blumberg, M.S.1    Efimova, I.V.2    Alberts, J.R.3
  • 43
    • 0016610689 scopus 로고
    • Olfactory, thermal and tactual influences on infantile ultrasonic vocalizations
    • Oswalt, G. L. and Meier, G. W., Olfactory, thermal and tactual influences on infantile ultrasonic vocalizations, Dev. Psychobiol., 8, 129, 1975.
    • (1975) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.8 , pp. 129
    • Oswalt, G.L.1    Meier, G.W.2
  • 44
    • 0017179934 scopus 로고
    • Survival and development of maternally deprived rats: Role of body temperature
    • Stone, E. A., Bonnet, K. A., and Hofer, M. A., Survival and development of maternally deprived rats: role of body temperature, Psychosomat. Med., 38, 242, 1976.
    • (1976) Psychosomat. Med. , vol.38 , pp. 242
    • Stone, E.A.1    Bonnet, K.A.2    Hofer, M.A.3
  • 45
    • 0023227235 scopus 로고
    • Isolation distress in two-week-old rats: Influence of home cage, social companions, and prior experience with littermates
    • Hofer, M. A. and Shair, H. N., Isolation distress in two-week-old rats: influence of home cage, social companions, and prior experience with littermates, Dev. Psychobiol., 20, 465, 1987.
    • (1987) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.20 , pp. 465
    • Hofer, M.A.1    Shair, H.N.2
  • 46
    • 0028705713 scopus 로고
    • Potentiation of isolation-induced vocalization by brief exposure of rat pups to maternal cues
    • Shair, M. A., Brunelli, S. A., and Shair, H. N., Potentiation of isolation-induced vocalization by brief exposure of rat pups to maternal cues, Dev. Psychobiol., 27, 503, 1994.
    • (1994) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.27 , pp. 503
    • Shair, M.A.1    Brunelli, S.A.2    Shair, H.N.3
  • 48
    • 0018075894 scopus 로고
    • Effects of morphine and naloxone on separation distress and approach attachment: Evidence for opiate mediation of social affect
    • Herman, B. H. and Panksepp, J., Effects of morphine and naloxone on separation distress and approach attachment: evidence for opiate mediation of social affect, Pharm. Biochem. Behav., 9, 213, 1978.
    • (1978) Pharm. Biochem. Behav. , vol.9 , pp. 213
    • Herman, B.H.1    Panksepp, J.2
  • 49
    • 0028905211 scopus 로고
    • Mother as shield: Differential effects of contact and nursing on pain responsivity in infant rats - Evidence for nonopioid mediation
    • Blass, E. M., Shide, D. J., Zaw-Mon, C., and Sorrentino, J., Mother as shield: differential effects of contact and nursing on pain responsivity in infant rats - evidence for nonopioid mediation, Behav. Neurosci., 109, 342, 1995.
    • (1995) Behav. Neurosci. , vol.109 , pp. 342
    • Blass, E.M.1    Shide, D.J.2    Zaw-Mon, C.3    Sorrentino, J.4
  • 50
    • 0022495460 scopus 로고
    • Opioid-mediation of separation distress in 10-day-old rats: Reversal of stress with maternal stimuli
    • Kehoe, P. and Blass, E. M., Opioid-mediation of separation distress in 10-day-old rats: reversal of stress with maternal stimuli, Dev. Psychobiol., 19, 385, 1986.
    • (1986) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.19 , pp. 385
    • Kehoe, P.1    Blass, E.M.2
  • 51
    • 0028797799 scopus 로고
    • Effect of isolation conditions on brain regional enkephalin and B-endorphin levels and vocalizations in 10-day-old rat pups
    • Shoemaker, W. J. and Kehoe, P., Effect of isolation conditions on brain regional enkephalin and B-endorphin levels and vocalizations in 10-day-old rat pups, Behav. Neurosci., 109, 117, 1995.
    • (1995) Behav. Neurosci. , vol.109 , pp. 117
    • Shoemaker, W.J.1    Kehoe, P.2
  • 52
    • 0025804820 scopus 로고
    • Endogenous opioids: Do they modulate the rat pup's response to social isolation?
    • Winslow, J. T. and Insel, T. R., Endogenous opioids: do they modulate the rat pup's response to social isolation?, Behav. Neurosci., 105, 253, 1991.
    • (1991) Behav. Neurosci. , vol.105 , pp. 253
    • Winslow, J.T.1    Insel, T.R.2
  • 53
    • 0025946633 scopus 로고
    • Central administration of oxytocin modulates the infant rat's response to social isolation
    • Insel, T. R. and Winslow, J. T., Central administration of oxytocin modulates the infant rat's response to social isolation, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 203, 149, 1991.
    • (1991) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.203 , pp. 149
    • Insel, T.R.1    Winslow, J.T.2
  • 54
    • 0022501316 scopus 로고
    • Rat pup ultrasonic isolation calls: Possible mediation by the benzodiazepine receptor complex
    • Insel, T. R., Hill, J. L., and Mayor, R. B., Rat pup ultrasonic isolation calls: possible mediation by the benzodiazepine receptor complex, Pharm. Biochem. Behav., 24, 1263, 1986.
    • (1986) Pharm. Biochem. Behav. , vol.24 , pp. 1263
    • Insel, T.R.1    Hill, J.L.2    Mayor, R.B.3
  • 55
    • 0024370901 scopus 로고
    • Rat pup isolation distress and the brain benzodiazepine receptor
    • Insel, T. R., Gelhard, R. E., and Miller, L. P., Rat pup isolation distress and the brain benzodiazepine receptor, Dev. Psychobiol., 22, 509, 1989.
    • (1989) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.22 , pp. 509
    • Insel, T.R.1    Gelhard, R.E.2    Miller, L.P.3
  • 56
    • 0024581492 scopus 로고
    • Decreased in vivo binding to brain benzodiazepine receptors during social isolation
    • Insel, T. R., Decreased in vivo binding to brain benzodiazepine receptors during social isolation, Psychopharmacology, 97, 142, 1989.
    • (1989) Psychopharmacology , vol.97 , pp. 142
    • Insel, T.R.1
  • 57
    • 0025039024 scopus 로고
    • Endocrine responses to mother-infant separation in developing rats
    • Kuhn, C. M., Pauk, J., and Schanberg, S. M., Endocrine responses to mother-infant separation in developing rats, Dev. Psychobiol., 23, 395, 1990.
    • (1990) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.23 , pp. 395
    • Kuhn, C.M.1    Pauk, J.2    Schanberg, S.M.3
  • 58
    • 0022647548 scopus 로고
    • Maturation of the adrenocortical stress response: Neuroendocrine control mechanisms and the stress hyporesponsive period
    • Sapolsky, R. M. and Meaney, M. J., Maturation of the adrenocortical stress response: neuroendocrine control mechanisms and the stress hyporesponsive period, Brain Res. Rev., 11, 65, 1986.
    • (1986) Brain Res. Rev. , vol.11 , pp. 65
    • Sapolsky, R.M.1    Meaney, M.J.2
  • 59
    • 0023769727 scopus 로고
    • Maternal deprivation potentiates pituitary-adrenal stress responses in infant rats
    • Stanton, M. E., Gutierrez, Y. R., and Levine, S., Maternal deprivation potentiates pituitary-adrenal stress responses in infant rats, Behav. Neurosci., 102, 692, 1988.
    • (1988) Behav. Neurosci. , vol.102 , pp. 692
    • Stanton, M.E.1    Gutierrez, Y.R.2    Levine, S.3
  • 60
    • 0026650090 scopus 로고
    • Maternal factors regulate stress responsiveness in the neonatal rat
    • Cirulli, F., Gottlieb, S. L., Rosenfeld, P., and Levine, S., Maternal factors regulate stress responsiveness in the neonatal rat, Psychobiology, 20, 143, 1992.
    • (1992) Psychobiology , vol.20 , pp. 143
    • Cirulli, F.1    Gottlieb, S.L.2    Rosenfeld, P.3    Levine, S.4
  • 62
    • 0023302910 scopus 로고
    • Maternal contact inhibits pituitary-adrenal stress responses in preweanling rats
    • Stanton, M. E., Wallstrom, J., and Levine, S., Maternal contact inhibits pituitary-adrenal stress responses in preweanling rats, Dev. Psychobiol., 20, 131, 1987.
    • (1987) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.20 , pp. 131
    • Stanton, M.E.1    Wallstrom, J.2    Levine, S.3
  • 63
    • 0025027656 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of infant glucocorticoid stress response: Specific role of maternal cues
    • Stanton, M. E. and Levine, S., Inhibition of infant glucocorticoid stress response: specific role of maternal cues, Dev. Psychobiol., 23, 411, 1990.
    • (1990) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.23 , pp. 411
    • Stanton, M.E.1    Levine, S.2
  • 64
    • 0028908762 scopus 로고
    • Activation and inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of the neonatal rat: Effects of maternal deprivation
    • Suchecki, D., Nelson, D. Y., van Oers, H., and Levine, S., Activation and inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of the neonatal rat: effects of maternal deprivation, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 20, 169, 1995.
    • (1995) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.20 , pp. 169
    • Suchecki, D.1    Nelson, D.Y.2    Van Oers, H.3    Levine, S.4
  • 65
    • 0345242052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor mRNAs in the hippocampus of the maternally deprived rat
    • Vazquez, D. M., van Oers, H., Levine, S., and Akil, H., Regulation of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor mRNAs in the hippocampus of the maternally deprived rat, Brain Res., 731, 79, 1996.
    • (1996) Brain Res. , vol.731 , pp. 79
    • Vazquez, D.M.1    Van Oers, H.2    Levine, S.3    Akil, H.4
  • 66
    • 0030034814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in plasma adrenocorticotropin, corticosterone, corticosteroid-binding globulin, and hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor occupancy/translocation in rat pups in response to stress
    • Viau, V., Sharma, S., and Meaney, M. J., Changes in plasma adrenocorticotropin, corticosterone, corticosteroid-binding globulin, and hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor occupancy/translocation in rat pups in response to stress, J. Neuroendocrinol., 8, 1, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Neuroendocrinol. , vol.8 , pp. 1
    • Viau, V.1    Sharma, S.2    Meaney, M.J.3
  • 67
    • 0003114702 scopus 로고
    • Stimulation in infancy and brain development
    • Carroll, B. J. and Barrett, J. E., Eds., Raven Press, New York
    • Kuhn, C. M. and Schanberg, S. M., Stimulation in infancy and brain development, in Psychopathology and the Brain, Carroll, B. J. and Barrett, J. E., Eds., Raven Press, New York, 1991.
    • (1991) Psychopathology and the Brain
    • Kuhn, C.M.1    Schanberg, S.M.2
  • 68
    • 0018175227 scopus 로고
    • Selective depression of serum growth hormone during maternal deprivation of rats
    • Kuhn, C. M., Butler, S. R., and Schanberg, S. M., Selective depression of serum growth hormone during maternal deprivation of rats, Science, 201, 1034, 1978.
    • (1978) Science , vol.201 , pp. 1034
    • Kuhn, C.M.1    Butler, S.R.2    Schanberg, S.M.3
  • 69
    • 0025062564 scopus 로고
    • Maternal modulation of gowth hormone secretion in the neonatal rat: Involvement of mother-offspring interactions
    • Kacsoh, B., Meyers, J. S., Crowley, W. R., and Grosvenor, C. E., Maternal modulation of gowth hormone secretion in the neonatal rat: involvement of mother-offspring interactions, J. Endocrinol., 124, 233, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Endocrinol. , vol.124 , pp. 233
    • Kacsoh, B.1    Meyers, J.S.2    Crowley, W.R.3    Grosvenor, C.E.4
  • 70
    • 0018574002 scopus 로고
    • Loss of tissue sensitivity to growth hormone during maternal deprivation in rats
    • Kuhn, C. M., Evoniuk, G., and Schanberg, S. M., Loss of tissue sensitivity to growth hormone during maternal deprivation in rats, Life Sci., 25, 2089, 1979.
    • (1979) Life Sci. , vol.25 , pp. 2089
    • Kuhn, C.M.1    Evoniuk, G.2    Schanberg, S.M.3
  • 71
    • 0017669145 scopus 로고
    • Effect of maternal deprivation on polyamine metabolism in preweanling rat, brain and heart
    • Butler, S. R. and Schanberg, S. M., Effect of maternal deprivation on polyamine metabolism in preweanling rat, brain and heart, Life Sci., 21, 877, 1977.
    • (1977) Life Sci. , vol.21 , pp. 877
    • Butler, S.R.1    Schanberg, S.M.2
  • 72
    • 0030028787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal deprivation of maternal touch may suppress ornithne decarboxylase via downregulation of the protooncogenes c-myc and max
    • Wang, S., Bartolome, J. V., and Schanberg, S. M., Neonatal deprivation of maternal touch may suppress ornithne decarboxylase via downregulation of the protooncogenes c-myc and max, J. Neurosci., 16, 836, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Neurosci. , vol.16 , pp. 836
    • Wang, S.1    Bartolome, J.V.2    Schanberg, S.M.3
  • 74
    • 0028306377 scopus 로고
    • 2 receptor binding in selected brain regions: Relationship to the handling effect on glucocorticoid receptor expression
    • 2 receptor binding in selected brain regions: relationship to the handling effect on glucocorticoid receptor expression, Dev. Brain Res., 80, 183, 1994.
    • (1994) Dev. Brain Res. , vol.80 , pp. 183
    • Smythe, J.W.1    Rowe, W.B.2    Meaney, M.J.3
  • 75
    • 0021354955 scopus 로고
    • Early stages in the organization of cardiovascular control
    • Hofer, M. A., Early stages in the organization of cardiovascular control, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 175, 147, 1984.
    • (1984) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. , vol.175 , pp. 147
    • Hofer, M.A.1
  • 76
    • 0018191326 scopus 로고
    • Brief periods of socialization and late behavior in the rat
    • Einon, D. F., Morgan, M. J., and Kibbler, C. C., Brief periods of socialization and late behavior in the rat, Dev. Psychobiol., 11, 213, 1978.
    • (1978) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.11 , pp. 213
    • Einon, D.F.1    Morgan, M.J.2    Kibbler, C.C.3
  • 77
    • 0024582145 scopus 로고
    • Isolation-rearing retards the acquisition of schedule-induced polydipsia in rats
    • Jones, G. H., Robbins, T. W., and Marsden, C. A., Isolation-rearing retards the acquisition of schedule-induced polydipsia in rats, Physiol. Behav., 45, 71, 1989.
    • (1989) Physiol. Behav. , vol.45 , pp. 71
    • Jones, G.H.1    Robbins, T.W.2    Marsden, C.A.3
  • 78
    • 0018256244 scopus 로고
    • The effects of prolonged handling, scopolamine, and physostigmine on the activity of isolated and socially reared rats
    • Morley, B. J. and Worsham, E., The effects of prolonged handling, scopolamine, and physostigmine on the activity of isolated and socially reared rats, Physiol. Psych., 6, 83, 1978.
    • (1978) Physiol. Psych. , vol.6 , pp. 83
    • Morley, B.J.1    Worsham, E.2
  • 79
    • 0028322277 scopus 로고
    • Effect of social isolation on corticosterone secretion elicited by histaminergic stimulation
    • Gadek-Michalska, A., Borycz, J., and Bugajski, J., Effect of social isolation on corticosterone secretion elicited by histaminergic stimulation, Agents Actions, 41, C77, 1994.
    • (1994) Agents Actions , vol.41
    • Gadek-Michalska, A.1    Borycz, J.2    Bugajski, J.3
  • 80
    • 0027429032 scopus 로고
    • Housing conditions alter GABAA receptor of alcohol-preferring and -nonpreferring rats
    • Thielen, R. J., McBride, W. J., Lumeng, L., and Li, T. K., Housing conditions alter GABAA receptor of alcohol-preferring and -nonpreferring rats, Pharm. Biochem. Behav., 46, 723, 1993.
    • (1993) Pharm. Biochem. Behav. , vol.46 , pp. 723
    • Thielen, R.J.1    McBride, W.J.2    Lumeng, L.3    Li, T.K.4
  • 81
    • 0028351763 scopus 로고
    • Effects of sequential removal of rats from a group cage, and of individual housing of rats, on substance P, cholecystokinin and somatostatin levels in the periaqueductal gray and limbic regions
    • Brodin, E., Rosen, A., Schott, E., and Brodin, K., Effects of sequential removal of rats from a group cage, and of individual housing of rats, on substance P, cholecystokinin and somatostatin levels in the periaqueductal gray and limbic regions, Neuropeptides, 26, 253, 1994.
    • (1994) Neuropeptides , vol.26 , pp. 253
    • Brodin, E.1    Rosen, A.2    Schott, E.3    Brodin, K.4
  • 82
    • 0026093098 scopus 로고
    • Social behavior, dominance, and social deprivation of rats determine drug choice
    • Wolffgramm, J. and Heyne, A., Social behavior, dominance, and social deprivation of rats determine drug choice, Pharm. Biochem. Behav., 38, 389, 1991.
    • (1991) Pharm. Biochem. Behav. , vol.38 , pp. 389
    • Wolffgramm, J.1    Heyne, A.2
  • 83
    • 0027218374 scopus 로고
    • 1A receptor activation on the anxiogenic effects induced by isolation in the elevated plus-maze test
    • 1A receptor activation on the anxiogenic effects induced by isolation in the elevated plus-maze test, Physiol. Behav., 54, 753, 1993.
    • (1993) Physiol. Behav. , vol.54 , pp. 753
    • Maisonnette, S.1    Morato, S.2    Brandao, M.L.3
  • 84
    • 0019723482 scopus 로고
    • The ontogeny of play in rats
    • Panksepp, J., The ontogeny of play in rats, Dev. Psychobiol., 14, 327, 1981.
    • (1981) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.14 , pp. 327
    • Panksepp, J.1
  • 85
    • 0026858783 scopus 로고
    • The effects of early social isolation on the motivation for social play in juvenile rats
    • Ikemoto, S. and Panksepp, J., The effects of early social isolation on the motivation for social play in juvenile rats, Dev. Psychobiol., 25, 261, 1992.
    • (1992) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.25 , pp. 261
    • Ikemoto, S.1    Panksepp, J.2
  • 86
    • 0020966133 scopus 로고
    • Involvement of the pituitary-adrenal axis in socio-behavioral disturbances after short-term isolation
    • Niesink, R. J. M. and Van Ree, J. M., Involvement of the pituitary-adrenal axis in socio-behavioral disturbances after short-term isolation, Physiol. Behav., 30, 825, 1983.
    • (1983) Physiol. Behav. , vol.30 , pp. 825
    • Niesink, R.J.M.1    Van Ree, J.M.2
  • 87
    • 0017935496 scopus 로고
    • Early isolation produces enduring hyperactivity in the rat, but no effect upon spontaneous alternation
    • Einon, D. F. and Morgan, M. J., Early isolation produces enduring hyperactivity in the rat, but no effect upon spontaneous alternation, Q. J. Exp. Psych., 30, 151, 1978.
    • (1978) Q. J. Exp. Psych. , vol.30 , pp. 151
    • Einon, D.F.1    Morgan, M.J.2
  • 88
    • 0029803681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of early environmental events in regulating neuroendocrine development: Moms, pups, stress, and glucocorticoid receptors
    • Francis, D., Diorio, J., LaPlante, P., Weaver, S., Seckl, J. R., and Meaney, M. J., The role of early environmental events in regulating neuroendocrine development: moms, pups, stress, and glucocorticoid receptors, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 794, 136, 1996.
    • (1996) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.794 , pp. 136
    • Francis, D.1    Diorio, J.2    LaPlante, P.3    Weaver, S.4    Seckl, J.R.5    Meaney, M.J.6
  • 90
    • 0000852663 scopus 로고
    • Plasma-free corticosteroid response to electric shock in rats stimulated in infancy
    • Levine, S., Plasma-free corticosteroid response to electric shock in rats stimulated in infancy, Science, 135, 795, 1962.
    • (1962) Science , vol.135 , pp. 795
    • Levine, S.1
  • 91
    • 0024441609 scopus 로고
    • Neonatal handling alters adrenocortical negative feedback sensitivity and hippocampal type II glucocorticoid receptor binding in the rat
    • Meaney, M. J., Aitken, D. H., Viau, V., Sharma, S., and Sarrieau, A., Neonatal handling alters adrenocortical negative feedback sensitivity and hippocampal type II glucocorticoid receptor binding in the rat., Neuroendocrinology, 50, 597, 1989.
    • (1989) Neuroendocrinology , vol.50 , pp. 597
    • Meaney, M.J.1    Aitken, D.H.2    Viau, V.3    Sharma, S.4    Sarrieau, A.5
  • 92
    • 0024441609 scopus 로고
    • Postnatal handling increases hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors and enhances adrenocortical negative-feedback efficacy in the rat
    • Meaney, M. J., Aitken, D. H., Sharma, S., Viau, V., and Sarrieau, A., Postnatal handling increases hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors and enhances adrenocortical negative-feedback efficacy in the rat, Neuroendocrinology, 50, 597, 1989.
    • (1989) Neuroendocrinology , vol.50 , pp. 597
    • Meaney, M.J.1    Aitken, D.H.2    Sharma, S.3    Viau, V.4    Sarrieau, A.5
  • 93
  • 94
    • 0000489695 scopus 로고
    • Modification of the corticosterone response curve as a function of handling in infancy
    • Hess, J. L., Denenberg, V. H., Zarrow, M. X., and Pfeifer, W. D., Modification of the corticosterone response curve as a function of handling in infancy, Physiol. Behav., 4, 109, 1969.
    • (1969) Physiol. Behav. , vol.4 , pp. 109
    • Hess, J.L.1    Denenberg, V.H.2    Zarrow, M.X.3    Pfeifer, W.D.4
  • 95
    • 0026513904 scopus 로고
    • Basal ACTH, corticosterone and corticosterone-binding levels over the dirunal cycle, and age-related changes in hippocampal type I and type II corticosteroid receptor binding capacity in young, aged, handled and nonhandled rat
    • Meaney, M. J., Aitken, D. H., Sharma, S., and Viau, V., Basal ACTH, corticosterone and corticosterone-binding levels over the dirunal cycle, and age-related changes in hippocampal type I and type II corticosteroid receptor binding capacity in young, aged, handled and nonhandled rat, Neuroendocrinology, 55, 204, 1992.
    • (1992) Neuroendocrinology , vol.55 , pp. 204
    • Meaney, M.J.1    Aitken, D.H.2    Sharma, S.3    Viau, V.4
  • 96
    • 0027195888 scopus 로고
    • Early, postnatal experience alters hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA, median eminence CRF content and stress-induced release in adult rats
    • Plotsky, P. M. and Meaney, M. J., Early, postnatal experience alters hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA, median eminence CRF content and stress-induced release in adult rats, Mol. Brain Res., 18, 195, 1993.
    • (1993) Mol. Brain Res. , vol.18 , pp. 195
    • Plotsky, P.M.1    Meaney, M.J.2
  • 97
    • 0015418836 scopus 로고
    • Handling in infancy: Increased levels of the hypothalamic corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) following exposure to a novel situation
    • Zarrow, M. X., Campbell, P. S., and Dennenberg, V. H., Handling in infancy: increased levels of the hypothalamic corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) following exposure to a novel situation, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 141, 356, 1972.
    • (1972) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. , vol.141 , pp. 356
    • Zarrow, M.X.1    Campbell, P.S.2    Dennenberg, V.H.3
  • 99
    • 0023115410 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormones influence the development of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors in the rat: A mechanism for the effects of postnatal handling on the development of the adrenocortical stress response
    • Meaney, M. J., Aitken, D. H., and Sapolsky, R. M., Thyroid hormones influence the development of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors in the rat: a mechanism for the effects of postnatal handling on the development of the adrenocortical stress response, Neuroendocrinology, 45, 278, 1987.
    • (1987) Neuroendocrinology , vol.45 , pp. 278
    • Meaney, M.J.1    Aitken, D.H.2    Sapolsky, R.M.3
  • 100
    • 0025122892 scopus 로고
    • The role of serotonin in the development and environmental regulation of type II corticosteroid receptor binding in rat hippocampus
    • Mitchell, J. B., Iny, L. J., and Meaney, M. J., The role of serotonin in the development and environmental regulation of type II corticosteroid receptor binding in rat hippocampus, Dev. Brain Res., 55, 231, 1990.
    • (1990) Dev. Brain Res. , vol.55 , pp. 231
    • Mitchell, J.B.1    Iny, L.J.2    Meaney, M.J.3
  • 101
    • 0023877370 scopus 로고
    • Effect of neonatal handling on age-related impairments associated with the hippocampus
    • Meaney, M. J., Aitken, D. H., van Berkel, C., Bhatnagar, S., and Sapolsky, R. M., Effect of neonatal handling on age-related impairments associated with the hippocampus, Science, 239, 766, 1987.
    • (1987) Science , vol.239 , pp. 766
    • Meaney, M.J.1    Aitken, D.H.2    Van Berkel, C.3    Bhatnagar, S.4    Sapolsky, R.M.5
  • 102
    • 0028927970 scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal function in chronic intermittently cold-stressed neonatally handled and non-handled rats
    • Bhatnagar, S. and Meaney, M. J., Hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal function in chronic intermittently cold-stressed neonatally handled and non-handled rats, J. Endocrinol., 7, 97, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Endocrinol. , vol.7 , pp. 97
    • Bhatnagar, S.1    Meaney, M.J.2
  • 103
    • 0030038741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early environmental regulation of forebrain glucocorticoid receptor gene expression: Implications for adrenocortical responses to stress
    • Meaney, M. J., Diorio, J., Francis, D., Widdowson, J., LaPlante, P., Caldji, C., Sharma, S., Seckl, J. R., and Plotsky, P. M., Early environmental regulation of forebrain glucocorticoid receptor gene expression: implications for adrenocortical responses to stress, Dev. Neurosci., 18, 49, 1996.
    • (1996) Dev. Neurosci. , vol.18 , pp. 49
    • Meaney, M.J.1    Diorio, J.2    Francis, D.3    Widdowson, J.4    LaPlante, P.5    Caldji, C.6    Sharma, S.7    Seckl, J.R.8    Plotsky, P.M.9
  • 104
    • 0028062144 scopus 로고
    • Periodic maternal deprivation alters stress response in adult offspring: Potentiates the negative feedback regulation of restraint stress-induced adrenocortical resonse and reduces the frequencies of open field-induced behaviors
    • Ogawa, T., Mikuni, M., Kuroda, Y., Muneoka, K., Mori, K. J., and Takahashi, K., Periodic maternal deprivation alters stress response in adult offspring: potentiates the negative feedback regulation of restraint stress-induced adrenocortical resonse and reduces the frequencies of open field-induced behaviors, Pharm. Biochem. Behav., 49, 961, 1994.
    • (1994) Pharm. Biochem. Behav. , vol.49 , pp. 961
    • Ogawa, T.1    Mikuni, M.2    Kuroda, Y.3    Muneoka, K.4    Mori, K.J.5    Takahashi, K.6
  • 105
    • 0028296383 scopus 로고
    • Periodic maternal deprivationinduced potentiation of the negative feedback sensitivity to glucocorticoids to inhibit stress-induced adrenocortical response persists throughout the animal's life-span
    • Muneoka, K., Mikuni, M., Ogawa, T., Kitera, K., and Takahashi, K., Periodic maternal deprivationinduced potentiation of the negative feedback sensitivity to glucocorticoids to inhibit stress-induced adrenocortical response persists throughout the animal's life-span, Neurosci. Lett., 168, 89, 1994.
    • (1994) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.168 , pp. 89
    • Muneoka, K.1    Mikuni, M.2    Ogawa, T.3    Kitera, K.4    Takahashi, K.5
  • 106
    • 0029916848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistant changes in corticotropin-releasing factor neuronal systems induced by maternal deprivation
    • Ladd, C. O., Owens, M. J., and Nemeroff, C. B., Persistant changes in corticotropin-releasing factor neuronal systems induced by maternal deprivation, Endocrinology, 137, 1212, 1996.
    • (1996) Endocrinology , vol.137 , pp. 1212
    • Ladd, C.O.1    Owens, M.J.2    Nemeroff, C.B.3
  • 107
    • 0030014989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of neonatal maternal deprivation and ACTH on hippocampal mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors
    • Sutanto, W., Rosenfeld, P., de Kloet, E. R., and Levine, S., Long-term effects of neonatal maternal deprivation and ACTH on hippocampal mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors, Dev. Brain Res., 92, 156, 1996.
    • (1996) Dev. Brain Res. , vol.92 , pp. 156
    • Sutanto, W.1    Rosenfeld, P.2    De Kloet, E.R.3    Levine, S.4
  • 108
    • 0030014898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal maternally deprived rats have as adults elevated basal pituitary-adrenal activity and enhanced susceptibility to apomorphine
    • Rots, N. Y., de Jong, J., Workel, J. O., Levine, S., Cools, A. R., and De Kloet, E. R., Neonatal maternally deprived rats have as adults elevated basal pituitary-adrenal activity and enhanced susceptibility to apomorphine, J. Neuroendocrinol., 8, 501, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Neuroendocrinol. , vol.8 , pp. 501
    • Rots, N.Y.1    De Jong, J.2    Workel, J.O.3    Levine, S.4    Cools, A.R.5    De Kloet, E.R.6
  • 109
    • 0029903065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retarded acquisition and reduced expression of conditioned locomotor activity in adult rats following repeated early maternal separation: Effects of prefeeding, d-amphetamine, dopamine antagonists, and clonidine
    • Matthews, K., Hall, F. S., Wilkinson, L. S., and Robbins, T. W., Retarded acquisition and reduced expression of conditioned locomotor activity in adult rats following repeated early maternal separation: effects of prefeeding, d-amphetamine, dopamine antagonists, and clonidine, Psychopharmacology, 126, 75, 1996.
    • (1996) Psychopharmacology , vol.126 , pp. 75
    • Matthews, K.1    Hall, F.S.2    Wilkinson, L.S.3    Robbins, T.W.4
  • 110
    • 0030053268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeated maternal separation of preweanling rats attenuates behavioral responses to primary and conditioned incentives in adulthood
    • Matthews, K., Wilkinson, L. S., and Robbins, T. W., Repeated maternal separation of preweanling rats attenuates behavioral responses to primary and conditioned incentives in adulthood, Physiol. Behav., 59, 99, 1996.
    • (1996) Physiol. Behav. , vol.59 , pp. 99
    • Matthews, K.1    Wilkinson, L.S.2    Robbins, T.W.3
  • 111
    • 0027090236 scopus 로고
    • Repeated maternal separation in the neonatal rat: Cellular mechanisms contributing to brain growth sparing
    • Lau, C., Cameron, A. M., Antolick, L. L., and Stanton, M. E., Repeated maternal separation in the neonatal rat: cellular mechanisms contributing to brain growth sparing, J. Dev. Physiol., 17, 265, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Dev. Physiol. , vol.17 , pp. 265
    • Lau, C.1    Cameron, A.M.2    Antolick, L.L.3    Stanton, M.E.4
  • 112
    • 0015902226 scopus 로고
    • Social isolation at weaning: Some effects on two measures of activity
    • Syme, L. A., Social isolation at weaning: some effects on two measures of activity, Anim. Learn. Behav., 1, 161, 1973.
    • (1973) Anim. Learn. Behav. , vol.1 , pp. 161
    • Syme, L.A.1
  • 113
    • 0019828960 scopus 로고
    • Locomotor activity, defecation score and corticosterone levels during an open-field exposure: A comparison among individually and group-housed rats, and genetically selected rat lines
    • Gentsch, C., Lichtsteiner, M., and Feer, H., Locomotor activity, defecation score and corticosterone levels during an open-field exposure: a comparison among individually and group-housed rats, and genetically selected rat lines, Physiol. Behav., 27, 183, 1981.
    • (1981) Physiol. Behav. , vol.27 , pp. 183
    • Gentsch, C.1    Lichtsteiner, M.2    Feer, H.3
  • 114
    • 0001102609 scopus 로고
    • The effects of isolation rearing on behavioral inhibition in the rat
    • Morgan, M. J., Einon, D., and Nicholas, D., The effects of isolation rearing on behavioral inhibition in the rat, Q. J. Exp. Psych., 27, 615, 1975.
    • (1975) Q. J. Exp. Psych. , vol.27 , pp. 615
    • Morgan, M.J.1    Einon, D.2    Nicholas, D.3
  • 115
    • 0020059033 scopus 로고
    • Different reaction patterns in individually and socially reared rats during exposures to novel environments
    • Gentsch, C., Lichtsteiner, M., Kraeuchi, K., and Feer, H., Different reaction patterns in individually and socially reared rats during exposures to novel environments, Behav. Brain Res., 4, 45, 1982.
    • (1982) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.4 , pp. 45
    • Gentsch, C.1    Lichtsteiner, M.2    Kraeuchi, K.3    Feer, H.4
  • 116
    • 0019363961 scopus 로고
    • Individual housing of rats causes divergent changes in spontaneous and reactive activity
    • Gentsch, C., Lichtsteiner, M., and Feer, H., Individual housing of rats causes divergent changes in spontaneous and reactive activity, Experientia, 37, 61, 1981.
    • (1981) Experientia , vol.37 , pp. 61
    • Gentsch, C.1    Lichtsteiner, M.2    Feer, H.3
  • 117
    • 0020028912 scopus 로고
    • Hyperactivity and obesity: The interaction of social isolation and cafeteria feeding
    • Sahakian, B. J., Burdess, C., Luckhurst, H., and Trayhurn, P., Hyperactivity and obesity: the interaction of social isolation and cafeteria feeding, Physiol. Behav., 28, 117, 1982.
    • (1982) Physiol. Behav. , vol.28 , pp. 117
    • Sahakian, B.J.1    Burdess, C.2    Luckhurst, H.3    Trayhurn, P.4
  • 118
    • 0017694595 scopus 로고
    • The effects of isolation rearing on exploration in the rat
    • Sahakian, B. J., Robbins, T. W., and Iversen, S. D., The effects of isolation rearing on exploration in the rat, Anim. Learn. Behav., 5, 193, 1977.
    • (1977) Anim. Learn. Behav. , vol.5 , pp. 193
    • Sahakian, B.J.1    Robbins, T.W.2    Iversen, S.D.3
  • 119
    • 0015884708 scopus 로고
    • The effect of dlpropranolol, d-propranolol and practolol on the hyperactivity induced in rats by prolonged isolation
    • Weinstock, M. and Speiser, Z., The effect of dlpropranolol, d-propranolol and practolol on the hyperactivity induced in rats by prolonged isolation, Psychopharmacology, 30, 241, 1973.
    • (1973) Psychopharmacology , vol.30 , pp. 241
    • Weinstock, M.1    Speiser, Z.2
  • 120
    • 0016803192 scopus 로고
    • The development of intersession habituation and emergence in socially reared and isolated rats
    • Einon, D., Morgan, M. J., and Sahakian, B. J., The development of intersession habituation and emergence in socially reared and isolated rats, Dev. Psychobiol., 8, 553, 1975.
    • (1975) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.8 , pp. 553
    • Einon, D.1    Morgan, M.J.2    Sahakian, B.J.3
  • 121
    • 0019987530 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral comparisons between individually and group-housed male rats: Effects of novel environments and diurnal rhythm
    • Gentsch, C., Lichtsteiner, M., and Feer, H., Behavioral comparisons between individually and group-housed male rats: effects of novel environments and diurnal rhythm, Behav. Brain Res., 6, 93, 1982.
    • (1982) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.6 , pp. 93
    • Gentsch, C.1    Lichtsteiner, M.2    Feer, H.3
  • 122
    • 0027199730 scopus 로고
    • Open field behavior of rats reared in different social conditions: The effects of stress and imipramine
    • Plaznik, A., Palejko, W., Stefanski, R., and Kostowski, W., Open field behavior of rats reared in different social conditions: the effects of stress and imipramine, Pol. J. Pharm., 45, 243, 1993.
    • (1993) Pol. J. Pharm. , vol.45 , pp. 243
    • Plaznik, A.1    Palejko, W.2    Stefanski, R.3    Kostowski, W.4
  • 123
    • 0028021313 scopus 로고
    • Effects of stress and ebiratide (Hoe-427) on free-choice ethanol consumption: Comparison of Lewis and Sprague-Dawley rats
    • Sprague, J. E. and Maickel, R. P., Effects of stress and ebiratide (Hoe-427) on free-choice ethanol consumption: comparison of Lewis and Sprague-Dawley rats, Life Sci., 55, 873, 1994.
    • (1994) Life Sci. , vol.55 , pp. 873
    • Sprague, J.E.1    Maickel, R.P.2
  • 124
    • 0001465939 scopus 로고
    • Contrasting effects of group housing and isolation on subsequent open field exploration in laboratory rats
    • Archer, J., Contrasting effects of group housing and isolation on subsequent open field exploration in laboratory rats, Psychonom. Sci., 14, 234, 1969.
    • (1969) Psychonom. Sci. , vol.14 , pp. 234
    • Archer, J.1
  • 125
    • 0016704822 scopus 로고
    • Environmental enrichment and deprivation: Effects on learning, memory, and exploration
    • Gardner, E. B., Boitano, J. J., Mancino, N. S. D., and Amico, D. P., Environmental enrichment and deprivation: effects on learning, memory, and exploration, Physiol. Behav., 14, 321, 1975.
    • (1975) Physiol. Behav. , vol.14 , pp. 321
    • Gardner, E.B.1    Boitano, J.J.2    Mancino, N.S.D.3    Amico, D.P.4
  • 126
    • 0022553473 scopus 로고
    • Feeding neophobia: A possible explanation for the differential maze performance of rats reared in enriched or isolated environments
    • Holson, R. R., Feeding neophobia: a possible explanation for the differential maze performance of rats reared in enriched or isolated environments, Physiol. Behav., 38, 191, 1986.
    • (1986) Physiol. Behav. , vol.38 , pp. 191
    • Holson, R.R.1
  • 127
    • 0019459219 scopus 로고
    • Activity differences of individually and group-housed male and female rats
    • Dalrymple-Alford, J. C. and Benton, D., Activity differences of individually and group-housed male and female rats, Anim. Learn. Behav., 9, 50, 1981.
    • (1981) Anim. Learn. Behav. , vol.9 , pp. 50
    • Dalrymple-Alford, J.C.1    Benton, D.2
  • 129
    • 0028898453 scopus 로고
    • Social deprivation enhances the vulnerability of male Wistar rats to Stressor- and amphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization
    • Ahmed S. H., Stinus, L., Le Moal, M., and Cador, M., Social deprivation enhances the vulnerability of male Wistar rats to Stressor- and amphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization, Psychopharmacology, 117, 116, 1995.
    • (1995) Psychopharmacology , vol.117 , pp. 116
    • Ahmed, S.H.1    Stinus, L.2    Le Moal, M.3    Cador, M.4
  • 130
    • 0018366688 scopus 로고
    • Environmentally induced differences in susceptibility of rats to CNS stimulants and CNS depressants: Evidence against a unitary explanation
    • Einon, D. and Sahakian, B. J., Environmentally induced differences in susceptibility of rats to CNS stimulants and CNS depressants: evidence against a unitary explanation, Psychopharmacology, 61, 229, 1979.
    • (1979) Psychopharmacology , vol.61 , pp. 229
    • Einon, D.1    Sahakian, B.J.2
  • 131
    • 0026437281 scopus 로고
    • Social isolation and individual differences: Behavioral and dopaminergic responses to psychomotor stimulants
    • Jones, G. H., Social isolation and individual differences: behavioral and dopaminergic responses to psychomotor stimulants, Clin. Neuropharmacol., 15, 253A, 1992.
    • (1992) Clin. Neuropharmacol. , vol.15
    • Jones, G.H.1
  • 132
    • 0004156606 scopus 로고
    • Isolation-rearing increases locomotor activity in response to an injection of cocaine or to a novel environment, but decreases the intravenous self-administration of cocaine or the intra-accumbens self-administration of D-amphetamine
    • Phillips, G. D., Robbins, T. W., Whitelaw, R. B., Howes, S. R., and Everitt, B. J., Isolation-rearing increases locomotor activity in response to an injection of cocaine or to a novel environment, but decreases the intravenous self-administration of cocaine or the intra-accumbens self-administration of D-amphetamine, Behav. Pharmacol., 4, 458, 1993.
    • (1993) Behav. Pharmacol. , vol.4 , pp. 458
    • Phillips, G.D.1    Robbins, T.W.2    Whitelaw, R.B.3    Howes, S.R.4    Everitt, B.J.5
  • 133
    • 0028277917 scopus 로고
    • Isolation rearing enhances the locomotor response to cocaine and a novel environment, but impairs the intravenous self-administration of cocaine
    • Phillips, G. D., Howes, S. R., Whitelaw, R. B., Wilkinson, L. S., Robbins, T. W., and Everitt, B. J., Isolation rearing enhances the locomotor response to cocaine and a novel environment, but impairs the intravenous self-administration of cocaine, Psychopharmacology, 115, 419, 1994.
    • (1994) Psychopharmacology , vol.115 , pp. 419
    • Phillips, G.D.1    Howes, S.R.2    Whitelaw, R.B.3    Wilkinson, L.S.4    Robbins, T.W.5    Everitt, B.J.6
  • 134
    • 0016427881 scopus 로고
    • The effects of psychomotor stimulants on stereotypy and locomotor activity in sociallydeprived and control rats
    • Sahakian, B. J., Robbins, T. W., Morgan, M. J., and Iversen, S. D., The effects of psychomotor stimulants on stereotypy and locomotor activity in sociallydeprived and control rats, Brain Res., 84, 195, 1975.
    • (1975) Brain Res. , vol.84 , pp. 195
    • Sahakian, B.J.1    Robbins, T.W.2    Morgan, M.J.3    Iversen, S.D.4
  • 135
    • 0021220062 scopus 로고
    • Apomorphine-induced stereotype: Function of age and rearing environment
    • Chitkara, B., Durcan, M. J., and Campbell, I. C., Apomorphine-induced stereotype: function of age and rearing environment, Pharm. Biochem. Behav., 21, 671, 1984.
    • (1984) Pharm. Biochem. Behav. , vol.21 , pp. 671
    • Chitkara, B.1    Durcan, M.J.2    Campbell, I.C.3
  • 136
    • 0023938597 scopus 로고
    • Effect of isolation on dopaminergic agonist-induced penile erections and stretching and yawning in male rats
    • Ferrari, F. and Mangiafico, V., Effect of isolation on dopaminergic agonist-induced penile erections and stretching and yawning in male rats, Behav. Brain Res., 28, 309, 1988.
    • (1988) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.28 , pp. 309
    • Ferrari, F.1    Mangiafico, V.2
  • 138
    • 0003109250 scopus 로고
    • A critique of the methods available for the measurement of spontaneous motor activity
    • Iversen, L. L., Iversen, S. D., and Snyder, S. D., Eds., Plenum Press, New York
    • Robbins, T. W., A critique of the methods available for the measurement of spontaneous motor activity, in Handbook of Psychopharmacology, Iversen, L. L., Iversen, S. D., and Snyder, S. D., Eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1977, 37.
    • (1977) Handbook of Psychopharmacology , pp. 37
    • Robbins, T.W.1
  • 139
    • 0017134448 scopus 로고
    • Habituation of object contact in socially-reared and isolated rats (rattus norvegicus)
    • Einon, D. F. and Morgan, M. J., Habituation of object contact in socially-reared and isolated rats (rattus norvegicus), Anim. Behav., 24, 415, 1976.
    • (1976) Anim. Behav. , vol.24 , pp. 415
    • Einon, D.F.1    Morgan, M.J.2
  • 140
    • 0016714111 scopus 로고
    • Chlordiazepoxide and isolation induced timidity in rats
    • Einon, D. and Tye, N. C., Chlordiazepoxide and isolation induced timidity in rats, Psychopharmacology, 44, 83, 1975.
    • (1975) Psychopharmacology , vol.44 , pp. 83
    • Einon, D.1    Tye, N.C.2
  • 141
    • 0030792233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of isolation-rearing of rats on preference for a novel environment
    • Hall, F. S., Humby, T., Wilkinson, L. S., and Robbins, T. W., The effects of isolation-rearing of rats on preference for a novel environment, Physiol. Behav., 62, 299, 1997.
    • (1997) Physiol. Behav. , vol.62 , pp. 299
    • Hall, F.S.1    Humby, T.2    Wilkinson, L.S.3    Robbins, T.W.4
  • 142
    • 0024190377 scopus 로고
    • Lesions of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle simultaneously enhance and reduce responsivity to novelty in a food preference test
    • Cole, B. J., Robbins, T. W., and Everett, B. J., Lesions of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle simultaneously enhance and reduce responsivity to novelty in a food preference test, Brain Res. Rev., 13, 325, 1988.
    • (1988) Brain Res. Rev. , vol.13 , pp. 325
    • Cole, B.J.1    Robbins, T.W.2    Everett, B.J.3
  • 143
    • 0019830636 scopus 로고
    • Taste neophobia in individually and socially reared male rats
    • Gentsch, C., Lichtsteiner, M., and Feer, H., Taste neophobia in individually and socially reared male rats, Physiol. Behav., 27, 199, 1981.
    • (1981) Physiol. Behav. , vol.27 , pp. 199
    • Gentsch, C.1    Lichtsteiner, M.2    Feer, H.3
  • 145
    • 0030749396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of isolation-rearing of rats on sucrose consumption in rats
    • Hall, F. S., Humby, T., Wilkinson, L. S., and Robbins, T. W., The effects of isolation-rearing of rats on sucrose consumption in rats, Physiol. Behav., 62, 291, 1997.
    • (1997) Physiol. Behav. , vol.62 , pp. 291
    • Hall, F.S.1    Humby, T.2    Wilkinson, L.S.3    Robbins, T.W.4
  • 146
    • 0017875079 scopus 로고
    • Exploration, distraction, and habituation in rats reared in isolation
    • File, S. E., Exploration, distraction, and habituation in rats reared in isolation, Dev. Psychobiol., 11, 73, 1978.
    • (1978) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.11 , pp. 73
    • File, S.E.1
  • 147
    • 0001271153 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral effects of isolation in the rat
    • Moyer, K. E. and Korn, J. H., Behavioral effects of isolation in the rat, Psychonom. Sci., 3, 504, 1965.
    • (1965) Psychonom. Sci. , vol.3 , pp. 504
    • Moyer, K.E.1    Korn, J.H.2
  • 148
    • 0001275586 scopus 로고
    • Are socially isolated rats anxious?
    • Morinan, A. and Parker, V., Are socially isolated rats anxious? Br. J. Phamacol., 86, 460P, 1985.
    • (1985) Br. J. Phamacol. , vol.86
    • Morinan, A.1    Parker, V.2
  • 149
    • 0022515613 scopus 로고
    • The socially isolated rat as a model for anxiety
    • Morinan, A. and Parker, V., The socially isolated rat as a model for anxiety, Neuropharmacology, 25, 663, 1986.
    • (1986) Neuropharmacology , vol.25 , pp. 663
    • Morinan, A.1    Parker, V.2
  • 150
    • 0030792232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of isolation rearing of rats on behavioral responses to food and environmental novelty
    • Hall, F. S., Humby, T., Wilkinson, L. S., and Robbins, T. W., The effects of isolation rearing of rats on behavioral responses to food and environmental novelty, Physiol. Behav., 62, 281, 1997.
    • (1997) Physiol. Behav. , vol.62 , pp. 281
    • Hall, F.S.1    Humby, T.2    Wilkinson, L.S.3    Robbins, T.W.4
  • 151
    • 0040599829 scopus 로고
    • Neuroanatomical and neurochemical substrates of affective behavior
    • Fox, N. and Davidson, R. J., Eds., Lawrence Erlbaum, New York
    • Kelley, A. E. and Stinus, L., Neuroanatomical and neurochemical substrates of affective behavior, in The Psychobiology of Affective Development, Fox, N. and Davidson, R. J., Eds., Lawrence Erlbaum, New York, 1984.
    • (1984) The Psychobiology of Affective Development
    • Kelley, A.E.1    Stinus, L.2
  • 152
    • 0026515239 scopus 로고
    • Social isolation does not alter brain regional benzodiazepine binding site numbers, affinity and coupling in the rat
    • Morinan, A., Parker, V., Rich, D. A., Cariuk, P., and Horton, R. W., Social isolation does not alter brain regional benzodiazepine binding site numbers, affinity and coupling in the rat, Psychopharmacology, 106, 565, 1992.
    • (1992) Psychopharmacology , vol.106 , pp. 565
    • Morinan, A.1    Parker, V.2    Rich, D.A.3    Cariuk, P.4    Horton, R.W.5
  • 153
    • 0022631717 scopus 로고
    • Stress adaptation and adrenal activity in isolated and crowded rats
    • Gamallo, A., Villanua, A., Trancho, G., and Fraile, A., Stress adaptation and adrenal activity in isolated and crowded rats, Physiol. Behav., 36, 217, 1986.
    • (1986) Physiol. Behav. , vol.36 , pp. 217
    • Gamallo, A.1    Villanua, A.2    Trancho, G.3    Fraile, A.4
  • 154
    • 0019926980 scopus 로고
    • The effects of isolation and handling on reactivity to footshock and tactile dorsal stimulation
    • Viken, R. J., Moore, D. L., Knutson, J. F., and Fordyce, D. J., The effects of isolation and handling on reactivity to footshock and tactile dorsal stimulation, Anim. Learn. Behav., 10, 135, 1982.
    • (1982) Anim. Learn. Behav. , vol.10 , pp. 135
    • Viken, R.J.1    Moore, D.L.2    Knutson, J.F.3    Fordyce, D.J.4
  • 155
    • 0025065081 scopus 로고
    • Effects of social isolation on brain catecholamines and forced swimming in rats: Prevention by antidepressant treatment
    • Heritch, A. J., Henderson, K., and Westfall, T. C., Effects of social isolation on brain catecholamines and forced swimming in rats: Prevention by antidepressant treatment, J. Psychiatr. Res., 24, 251, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Psychiatr. Res. , vol.24 , pp. 251
    • Heritch, A.J.1    Henderson, K.2    Westfall, T.C.3
  • 156
    • 0017352101 scopus 로고
    • Isolation-rearing enhances tail pinch-induced oral behavior in rats
    • Sahakian, B. J. and Robbins, T. W., Isolation-rearing enhances tail pinch-induced oral behavior in rats, Physiol. Behav., 18, 53, 1977.
    • (1977) Physiol. Behav. , vol.18 , pp. 53
    • Sahakian, B.J.1    Robbins, T.W.2
  • 157
    • 0018839008 scopus 로고
    • The effects of postweaning rearing conditions on the response to stressful tasks in the rat
    • Altenor, A. and Kay, E. J., The effects of postweaning rearing conditions on the response to stressful tasks in the rat, Physiol. Psych., 8, 88, 1980.
    • (1980) Physiol. Psych. , vol.8 , pp. 88
    • Altenor, A.1    Kay, E.J.2
  • 158
    • 0028053482 scopus 로고
    • Effects of chronic mild stress on performance in behavioral tests relevant to anxiety and depression
    • D'Aquila, P. S., Brain, P., and Willner, P., Effects of chronic mild stress on performance in behavioral tests relevant to anxiety and depression, Physiol. Behav., 56, 861, 1994.
    • (1994) Physiol. Behav. , vol.56 , pp. 861
    • D'Aquila, P.S.1    Brain, P.2    Willner, P.3
  • 159
    • 0022515613 scopus 로고
    • The socially isolated rat as a model for anxiety
    • Parker, V. and Morinan, A., The socially isolated rat as a model for anxiety, Neuropharmacology, 25, 663, 1986.
    • (1986) Neuropharmacology , vol.25 , pp. 663
    • Parker, V.1    Morinan, A.2
  • 160
    • 0025789585 scopus 로고
    • Resocialization of isolation-reared rats does not alter their anxiogenic profile on the elevated x-maze model of anxiety
    • Wright, I. K., Upton, N., and Marsden, C. A., Resocialization of isolation-reared rats does not alter their anxiogenic profile on the elevated x-maze model of anxiety, Physiol. Behav., 50, 1129, 1991.
    • (1991) Physiol. Behav. , vol.50 , pp. 1129
    • Wright, I.K.1    Upton, N.2    Marsden, C.A.3
  • 161
    • 0025831243 scopus 로고
    • Chronic oral treatment with diltiazem or verapamil decreases isolation-induced activity impairment in elevated plus maze
    • Jankowska, E., Pucilowski, O., and Kostowski, W., Chronic oral treatment with diltiazem or verapamil decreases isolation-induced activity impairment in elevated plus maze, Behav. Brain Res., 43, 155, 1991.
    • (1991) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.43 , pp. 155
    • Jankowska, E.1    Pucilowski, O.2    Kostowski, W.3
  • 162
    • 0027200873 scopus 로고
    • Social isolation of rats increases the density of cholecystokinin receptors in the frontal cortex and abolishes the anti-exploratory effect of caerulein
    • Vasar, E., Peuranen, E., Harro, J., Lang, A., Oreland, L., and Mannisto, P. T., Social isolation of rats increases the density of cholecystokinin receptors in the frontal cortex and abolishes the anti-exploratory effect of caerulein, Naunyn-Schmied. Arch. Pharmacol., 348, 96, 1993.
    • (1993) Naunyn-Schmied. Arch. Pharmacol. , vol.348 , pp. 96
    • Vasar, E.1    Peuranen, E.2    Harro, J.3    Lang, A.4    Oreland, L.5    Mannisto, P.T.6
  • 163
    • 0022878908 scopus 로고
    • Functional activity in the brain of socially deprived rats produced by an active avoidance test after razobazam (HOE 175) treatment: A 2-deoxyglucose study
    • Hock, F. J. and Scheich, H., Functional activity in the brain of socially deprived rats produced by an active avoidance test after razobazam (HOE 175) treatment: a 2-deoxyglucose study, Behav. Neur. Biol., 46, 398, 1986.
    • (1986) Behav. Neur. Biol. , vol.46 , pp. 398
    • Hock, F.J.1    Scheich, H.2
  • 165
    • 0025860214 scopus 로고
    • "Isolation stress" revisited: Isolation-rearing effects depend on animal care methods
    • Holson, R. R., Scallet, A. C., Ali, S. F., and Turner, B. B., "Isolation stress" revisited: isolation-rearing effects depend on animal care methods, Physiol. Behav.,49, 1107, 1991.
    • (1991) Physiol. Behav. , vol.49 , pp. 1107
    • Holson, R.R.1    Scallet, A.C.2    Ali, S.F.3    Turner, B.B.4
  • 166
    • 0029039211 scopus 로고
    • Effects of prolonged social isolation on responses of neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, preoptic area, and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus to stimulation of the medial amygdala
    • Sanchez, M., Aguado, F., Sanchez-Toscano, F., and Saphier, D., Effects of prolonged social isolation on responses of neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, preoptic area, and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus to stimulation of the medial amygdala, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 20, 525, 1995.
    • (1995) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.20 , pp. 525
    • Sanchez, M.1    Aguado, F.2    Sanchez-Toscano, F.3    Saphier, D.4
  • 167
    • 0026446893 scopus 로고
    • Circadian rhythms of hypothalamic norepinephrine and of some circulating substances in individually housed adult rats
    • Greco, A. M., Gambardella, P., Sticchi, R. D., Aponte, D., and Franciscis, P., Circadian rhythms of hypothalamic norepinephrine and of some circulating substances in individually housed adult rats, Physiol. Behav., 52, 1167, 1992.
    • (1992) Physiol. Behav. , vol.52 , pp. 1167
    • Greco, A.M.1    Gambardella, P.2    Sticchi, R.D.3    Aponte, D.4    Franciscis, P.5
  • 168
    • 0025120420 scopus 로고
    • Chronic administration of imipramine antagonizes deranged circadian rhythm phases in individually housed rats
    • Greco, A. M., Gambardella, P., Sticchi, R. D., Aponte, D., and Franciscis, P., Chronic administration of imipramine antagonizes deranged circadian rhythm phases in individually housed rats, Physiol. Behav., 48, 67, 1990.
    • (1990) Physiol. Behav. , vol.48 , pp. 67
    • Greco, A.M.1    Gambardella, P.2    Sticchi, R.D.3    Aponte, D.4    Franciscis, P.5
  • 169
    • 0015434370 scopus 로고
    • Shuttle-box avoidance performance and basal corticosterone levels as a function of duration of individual housing in rats
    • Lovely, R. H., Pagano, R. R., and Paolino, R. M., Shuttle-box avoidance performance and basal corticosterone levels as a function of duration of individual housing in rats, J. Comp. Physiol. Psych., 81, 331, 1972.
    • (1972) J. Comp. Physiol. Psych. , vol.81 , pp. 331
    • Lovely, R.H.1    Pagano, R.R.2    Paolino, R.M.3
  • 170
    • 0002309971 scopus 로고
    • The effect of housing conditions and simple experimental procedures after the corticosterone level in the plasma of rats
    • Barrett, A. M. and Stockham, M. A., The effect of housing conditions and simple experimental procedures after the corticosterone level in the plasma of rats, J. Endocrinol., 26, 97, 1963.
    • (1963) J. Endocrinol. , vol.26 , pp. 97
    • Barrett, A.M.1    Stockham, M.A.2
  • 171
    • 0027217197 scopus 로고
    • Long-term isolation of Wistar rats alters brain monoamine turnover, blood corticosterone and ACTH
    • Miachon, S., Rochet, T., Mathian, B., Barbagli, B., and Claustrat, B., Long-term isolation of Wistar rats alters brain monoamine turnover, blood corticosterone and ACTH, Brain Res. Bull., 32, 611, 1993.
    • (1993) Brain Res. Bull. , vol.32 , pp. 611
    • Miachon, S.1    Rochet, T.2    Mathian, B.3    Barbagli, B.4    Claustrat, B.5
  • 172
    • 0024577792 scopus 로고
    • Individual housing does not influence the adaptation of the pituitaryadrenal axis and other physiological variables to chronic stress in adult male rats
    • Giralt, M. A. and Armario, A., Individual housing does not influence the adaptation of the pituitaryadrenal axis and other physiological variables to chronic stress in adult male rats, Physiol. Behav., 45, 477, 1989.
    • (1989) Physiol. Behav. , vol.45 , pp. 477
    • Giralt, M.A.1    Armario, A.2
  • 173
    • 0014987920 scopus 로고
    • Effects of differential housing on adrenocortical reactivity
    • Plaut, S. M. and Grota, L. J., Effects of differential housing on adrenocortical reactivity, Neuroendocrinology, 7, 348, 1971.
    • (1971) Neuroendocrinology , vol.7 , pp. 348
    • Plaut, S.M.1    Grota, L.J.2
  • 174
    • 0027418755 scopus 로고
    • Effects of gender and social isolation on electroencephalogram and neuroendocrine parameters in rats
    • Ehlers, C. L., Kaneko, W. M., Owens, M. J., and Nemeroff, C. B., Effects of gender and social isolation on electroencephalogram and neuroendocrine parameters in rats, Biol. Psychiatr., 33, 358, 1993.
    • (1993) Biol. Psychiatr. , vol.33 , pp. 358
    • Ehlers, C.L.1    Kaneko, W.M.2    Owens, M.J.3    Nemeroff, C.B.4
  • 175
    • 0026494487 scopus 로고
    • Preproenkephalin RNA increases in the hypothalamus of rats stressed by social deprivation
    • Iglesias, T., Montero, S., Otero, M. J., Parra, L., and Fuentes, J. A., Preproenkephalin RNA increases in the hypothalamus of rats stressed by social deprivation, Cell. Mol. Neurobiol., 12, 547, 1992.
    • (1992) Cell. Mol. Neurobiol. , vol.12 , pp. 547
    • Iglesias, T.1    Montero, S.2    Otero, M.J.3    Parra, L.4    Fuentes, J.A.5
  • 176
    • 0019223568 scopus 로고
    • Response to stress of mesocortical-frontal dopaminergic neurons in rats after social isolation
    • Blanc, G., Herve, D., Simon, H., Lisoprawski, A., Glowinski, J., and Tassin, J. P., Response to stress of mesocortical-frontal dopaminergic neurons in rats after social isolation, Nature, 284, 265, 1980.
    • (1980) Nature , vol.284 , pp. 265
    • Blanc, G.1    Herve, D.2    Simon, H.3    Lisoprawski, A.4    Glowinski, J.5    Tassin, J.P.6
  • 177
    • 0026771071 scopus 로고
    • The MSH/ACTH(4-9) analog Org2766 counteracts isolation-induced enhanced social behavior via the amygdala
    • Hol, T. and Spruijt, B. M., The MSH/ACTH(4-9) analog Org2766 counteracts isolation-induced enhanced social behavior via the amygdala, Peptides, 13, 541, 1992.
    • (1992) Peptides , vol.13 , pp. 541
    • Hol, T.1    Spruijt, B.M.2
  • 178
    • 0002837036 scopus 로고
    • Effects of isolated housing and chronic antidepressant treatment on cooperative social behavior in rats
    • Willner, P., Sampson, D., Phillips, G., Fichera, R., Foxlow, P., and Muscat, R., Effects of isolated housing and chronic antidepressant treatment on cooperative social behavior in rats, Behav. Pharmacol., 1, 85, 1989.
    • (1989) Behav. Pharmacol. , vol.1 , pp. 85
    • Willner, P.1    Sampson, D.2    Phillips, G.3    Fichera, R.4    Foxlow, P.5    Muscat, R.6
  • 179
    • 0027395817 scopus 로고
    • Effect of differential rearing on synapses and soma size in rat medial amygdaloid nucleus
    • Ichikawa, M., Matsuoka, M., and Mori, Y., Effect of differential rearing on synapses and soma size in rat medial amygdaloid nucleus, Synapse, 13, 50, 1993.
    • (1993) Synapse , vol.13 , pp. 50
    • Ichikawa, M.1    Matsuoka, M.2    Mori, Y.3
  • 180
    • 0025239045 scopus 로고
    • Changes in 5-HT1 receptors in different brain structures of rats with isolation syndrome
    • Popova, J. S. and Petkov, V. V., Changes in 5-HT1 receptors in different brain structures of rats with isolation syndrome, Gen. Pharmacol., 21, 223, 1990.
    • (1990) Gen. Pharmacol. , vol.21 , pp. 223
    • Popova, J.S.1    Petkov, V.V.2
  • 181
    • 0017340119 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition and isolation rearing in the rat: Extinction and satiation
    • Morgan, M. J., Einon, D., and Morris, R. G. M., Inhibition and isolation rearing in the rat: extinction and satiation, Physiol. Behav., 18, 1, 1977.
    • (1977) Physiol. Behav. , vol.18 , pp. 1
    • Morgan, M.J.1    Einon, D.2    Morris, R.G.M.3
  • 182
    • 0025062868 scopus 로고
    • The effects of pre- and postweaning rearing conditions on latent inhibition and partial reinforcement extinction effect in male rats
    • Feldon, J., Avnimelech-Gigus, N., and Weiner, I., The effects of pre- and postweaning rearing conditions on latent inhibition and partial reinforcement extinction effect in male rats, Behav. Neur. Biol., 53, 189, 1990.
    • (1990) Behav. Neur. Biol. , vol.53 , pp. 189
    • Feldon, J.1    Avnimelech-Gigus, N.2    Weiner, I.3
  • 183
    • 0025907854 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral rigidity and rule-learning deficits following social isolation in rats: Neurochemical correlates
    • Jones, G. H., Marsden, C. A., and Robbins, T. W., Behavioral rigidity and rule-learning deficits following social isolation in rats: neurochemical correlates, Behav. Brain Res., 43, 35, 1991.
    • (1991) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.43 , pp. 35
    • Jones, G.H.1    Marsden, C.A.2    Robbins, T.W.3
  • 184
    • 0015853502 scopus 로고
    • Effects of post-weaning environment on learning in the rat
    • Morgan, M. J., Effects of post-weaning environment on learning in the rat, Anim. Behav., 21, 429, 1973.
    • (1973) Anim. Behav. , vol.21 , pp. 429
    • Morgan, M.J.1
  • 185
    • 0001437008 scopus 로고
    • Relations between brain chemistry and problem-solving among rats raised in enriched and impoverished environments
    • Krech, D., Rosenzweig, M. R., and Bennett, E. L., Relations between brain chemistry and problem-solving among rats raised in enriched and impoverished environments, J. Comp. Physiol. Psych., 55, 801, 1962.
    • (1962) J. Comp. Physiol. Psych. , vol.55 , pp. 801
    • Krech, D.1    Rosenzweig, M.R.2    Bennett, E.L.3
  • 186
    • 0027515470 scopus 로고
    • Isolation rearing of rats produces a deficit in prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle similar to that in schizophrenia
    • Geyer, M. A., Wilkinson, L. S., Humby, T., and Robbins, T. W., Isolation rearing of rats produces a deficit in prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle similar to that in schizophrenia, Biol. Psychiatr., 34, 361, 1993.
    • (1993) Biol. Psychiatr. , vol.34 , pp. 361
    • Geyer, M.A.1    Wilkinson, L.S.2    Humby, T.3    Robbins, T.W.4
  • 187
    • 0028265817 scopus 로고
    • Social isolation produces developmentally specific deficits in pre-pulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response but does not disrupt latent inhibition
    • Wilkinson, L. S., Killcross, A. S., Humby, T., Hall, F. S., Torres, E. M., Geyer, M. A., and Robbins, T. W., Social isolation produces developmentally specific deficits in pre-pulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response but does not disrupt latent inhibition, Neuropsychopharmacology, 10, 61, 1994.
    • (1994) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.10 , pp. 61
    • Wilkinson, L.S.1    Killcross, A.S.2    Humby, T.3    Hall, F.S.4    Torres, E.M.5    Geyer, M.A.6    Robbins, T.W.7
  • 188
    • 0028828716 scopus 로고
    • Examination of drug-induced and isolation-induced disruptions of prepulse inhibition as models to screen antipsychotic drugs
    • Varty, G. B. and Higgins, G. A., Examination of drug-induced and isolation-induced disruptions of prepulse inhibition as models to screen antipsychotic drugs, Psychopharmacology, 122, 15, 1995.
    • (1995) Psychopharmacology , vol.122 , pp. 15
    • Varty, G.B.1    Higgins, G.A.2
  • 189
    • 0001637820 scopus 로고
    • Effects of isolation, daily handling, and enriched rearing on maze learning
    • Greenough, W. T., Madden, T. C., and Fleischmann, T. B., Effects of isolation, daily handling, and enriched rearing on maze learning, Psychonom. Sci., 27, 279, 1972.
    • (1972) Psychonom. Sci. , vol.27 , pp. 279
    • Greenough, W.T.1    Madden, T.C.2    Fleischmann, T.B.3
  • 190
    • 0019046786 scopus 로고
    • Spatial memory and response strategies in rats: Age, sex, and rearing differences in performance
    • Einon, D., Spatial memory and response strategies in rats: age, sex, and rearing differences in performance, Q. J. Exp. Psych., 32, 473, 1980.
    • (1980) Q. J. Exp. Psych. , vol.32 , pp. 473
    • Einon, D.1
  • 191
    • 0018977911 scopus 로고
    • Effects of postoperative environment on recovery from dorsal hippocampal lesions in young rats: Tests of spatial memory and motor transfer
    • Einon, D. F., Morgan, M. J., and Will, B. E., Effects of postoperative environment on recovery from dorsal hippocampal lesions in young rats: tests of spatial memory and motor transfer, Q. J. Exp. Psych., 32, 137, 1980.
    • (1980) Q. J. Exp. Psych. , vol.32 , pp. 137
    • Einon, D.F.1    Morgan, M.J.2    Will, B.E.3
  • 192
    • 0021340845 scopus 로고
    • Differential rearing experience, gender, and radial maze performance
    • Juraska, J. M., Henderson, C., and Muller, J., Differential rearing experience, gender, and radial maze performance, Dev. Psychobiol., 17, 209, 1984.
    • (1984) Dev. Psychobiol. , vol.17 , pp. 209
    • Juraska, J.M.1    Henderson, C.2    Muller, J.3
  • 193
    • 0029927586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of social isolation on learning in the Morris water maze
    • Wongwitdecha, N. and Marsden, C. A., Effects of social isolation on learning in the Morris water maze, Brain Res., 715, 119, 1996.
    • (1996) Brain Res. , vol.715 , pp. 119
    • Wongwitdecha, N.1    Marsden, C.A.2
  • 194
    • 0015994580 scopus 로고
    • Effects of grouping and crowding on learning in isolation-reared adult rats
    • Wood, W. E. and Greenough, W. T., Effects of grouping and crowding on learning in isolation-reared adult rats, Bull. Psychon. Soc., 3, 65, 1974.
    • (1974) Bull. Psychon. Soc. , vol.3 , pp. 65
    • Wood, W.E.1    Greenough, W.T.2
  • 195
    • 38249039758 scopus 로고
    • Effects of individual housing and Stressor exposure upon the acquisition of watermaze escape
    • Wade, S. E. and Maier, S. F., Effects of individual housing and Stressor exposure upon the acquisition of watermaze escape, Learn. Motiv., 17, 287, 1986.
    • (1986) Learn. Motiv. , vol.17 , pp. 287
    • Wade, S.E.1    Maier, S.F.2
  • 196
    • 0023203505 scopus 로고
    • Cocaine self-administration in rats influenced by environmental conditions: Implications for the etiology of drug abuse
    • Schenk, S., Lacelle, G., Gorman, K., and Amit, Z., Cocaine self-administration in rats influenced by environmental conditions: implications for the etiology of drug abuse, Neurosci. Lett., 81, 227, 1987.
    • (1987) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.81 , pp. 227
    • Schenk, S.1    Lacelle, G.2    Gorman, K.3    Amit, Z.4
  • 197
    • 0025777207 scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of an early housing manipulation on cocaine-induced activity and self-administration in laboratory rats
    • Boyle, A. E., Gill, K., Smith, B. R., and Amit, Z., Differential effects of an early housing manipulation on cocaine-induced activity and self-administration in laboratory rats, Pharm. Biochem. Behav., 39, 269, 1991.
    • (1991) Pharm. Biochem. Behav. , vol.39 , pp. 269
    • Boyle, A.E.1    Gill, K.2    Smith, B.R.3    Amit, Z.4
  • 198
    • 0022453891 scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of isolation housing on the conditioned place preference produced by cocaine and amphetamine
    • Schenk, S., Hunt, T., Malovechko, R., Robertson, A., Klukowski, G., and Amit, Z., Differential effects of isolation housing on the conditioned place preference produced by cocaine and amphetamine, Pharm. Biochem. Behav., 24, 1793, 1986.
    • (1986) Pharm. Biochem. Behav. , vol.24 , pp. 1793
    • Schenk, S.1    Hunt, T.2    Malovechko, R.3    Robertson, A.4    Klukowski, G.5    Amit, Z.6
  • 199
    • 0024156694 scopus 로고
    • Housing conditions fail to affect the intravenous self-administration of amphetamine
    • Schenk, S., Robinson, B., and Amit, Z., Housing conditions fail to affect the intravenous self-administration of amphetamine, Pharm. Biochem. Behav., 31, 59, 1988.
    • (1988) Pharm. Biochem. Behav. , vol.31 , pp. 59
    • Schenk, S.1    Robinson, B.2    Amit, Z.3
  • 200
    • 0028361966 scopus 로고
    • Isolation rearing impairs the reinforcing efficacy of intravenous cocaine or intra-accumbens d-amphetamine: Impaired response to intra-accumbens D1 and D2/D3 receptor antagonists
    • Phillips, G. D., Howes, S. R., Whitelaw, R. B., Robbins, T. W., and Everitt, B. J., Isolation rearing impairs the reinforcing efficacy of intravenous cocaine or intra-accumbens d-amphetamine: impaired response to intra-accumbens D1 and D2/D3 receptor antagonists, Psychopharmacology, 115, 407, 1994.
    • (1994) Psychopharmacology , vol.115 , pp. 407
    • Phillips, G.D.1    Howes, S.R.2    Whitelaw, R.B.3    Robbins, T.W.4    Everitt, B.J.5
  • 201
    • 0026575060 scopus 로고
    • Effects of early environmental experience on self-administration of amphetamine and barbital
    • Zimmerberg, B. and Brett, M. B., Effects of early environmental experience on self-administration of amphetamine and barbital, Psychopharmacology, 106, 474, 1992.
    • (1992) Psychopharmacology , vol.106 , pp. 474
    • Zimmerberg, B.1    Brett, M.B.2
  • 202
    • 0028263961 scopus 로고
    • Locomotor and rewarding effects of amphetamine in enriched, social, and isolate reared rats
    • Bowling, S. L. and Bardo, M. T., Locomotor and rewarding effects of amphetamine in enriched, social, and isolate reared rats, Pharm. Biochem. Behav., 48, 459, 1994.
    • (1994) Pharm. Biochem. Behav. , vol.48 , pp. 459
    • Bowling, S.L.1    Bardo, M.T.2
  • 203
    • 0027507455 scopus 로고
    • In a drug discrimination procedure isolation-reared rats generalize to lower doses of cocaine and amphetamine than rats reared in an enriched environment
    • Fowler, S. C., Johnson, J. S., Kallman, M. J., Liou, J. R., Wilson, M. C., and Hikal, A. H., In a drug discrimination procedure isolation-reared rats generalize to lower doses of cocaine and amphetamine than rats reared in an enriched environment, Psychopharmacology, 110, 115, 1993.
    • (1993) Psychopharmacology , vol.110 , pp. 115
    • Fowler, S.C.1    Johnson, J.S.2    Kallman, M.J.3    Liou, J.R.4    Wilson, M.C.5    Hikal, A.H.6
  • 204
    • 0024424706 scopus 로고
    • Influence of housing conditions on the acquisition of intravenous heroin and cocaine self-administration in rats
    • Bozarth, M. A., Murray, A., and Wise, R. A., Influence of housing conditions on the acquisition of intravenous heroin and cocaine self-administration in rats, Pharm. Biochem. Behav., 33, 903, 1989.
    • (1989) Pharm. Biochem. Behav. , vol.33 , pp. 903
    • Bozarth, M.A.1    Murray, A.2    Wise, R.A.3
  • 205
    • 0028271528 scopus 로고
    • Does a relationship exist between the quality of stress and the motivation to ingest alcohol?
    • Roske, I., Baeger, I., Frenzel, R., and Oehme, P., Does a relationship exist between the quality of stress and the motivation to ingest alcohol? Alcohol, 11, 113, 1994.
    • (1994) Alcohol , vol.11 , pp. 113
    • Roske, I.1    Baeger, I.2    Frenzel, R.3    Oehme, P.4
  • 206
    • 0015962904 scopus 로고
    • Isolational stress and volitional ethanol consumption in the rat
    • Parker, V. and Radow, B., Isolational stress and volitional ethanol consumption in the rat, Physiol. Behav., 1, 1974.
    • (1974) Physiol. Behav. , pp. 1
    • Parker, V.1    Radow, B.2
  • 207
    • 0018852418 scopus 로고
    • Ethanol consumption of rats in individual, group, and colonial housing conditions
    • Kulkosky, P. J., Zellner, D. A., Hyson, R. L., and Riley, A. L., Ethanol consumption of rats in individual, group, and colonial housing conditions, Physiol. Psych., 8, 56, 1980.
    • (1980) Physiol. Psych. , vol.8 , pp. 56
    • Kulkosky, P.J.1    Zellner, D.A.2    Hyson, R.L.3    Riley, A.L.4
  • 208
    • 0019829531 scopus 로고
    • A novel animal model of alcohol consumption based on the development of extremes of ethanol preference in colony-housed but not isolated rats
    • Ellison, G. D., A novel animal model of alcohol consumption based on the development of extremes of ethanol preference in colony-housed but not isolated rats, Behav. Neur. Biol., 31, 324, 1981.
    • (1981) Behav. Neur. Biol. , vol.31 , pp. 324
    • Ellison, G.D.1
  • 209
    • 0025045626 scopus 로고
    • Age-dependent effects of isolation housing on the self-administration of ethanol in laboratory rats
    • Schenk, S., Gorman, K., and Amit, Z., Age-dependent effects of isolation housing on the self-administration of ethanol in laboratory rats, Alcohol, 7, 321, 1990.
    • (1990) Alcohol , vol.7 , pp. 321
    • Schenk, S.1    Gorman, K.2    Amit, Z.3
  • 210
    • 0015368956 scopus 로고
    • Effects of housing density on alcohol intake in the rat
    • Deatherage, G., Effects of housing density on alcohol intake in the rat, Physiol. Behav., 9, 55, 1972.
    • (1972) Physiol. Behav. , vol.9 , pp. 55
    • Deatherage, G.1
  • 211
    • 0025318936 scopus 로고
    • Free choice ethanol intake of laboratory rats under different social conditions
    • Wolffgramm, J., Free choice ethanol intake of laboratory rats under different social conditions, Psychopharmacology, 101, 233, 1990.
    • (1990) Psychopharmacology , vol.101 , pp. 233
    • Wolffgramm, J.1
  • 212
    • 0023829173 scopus 로고
    • Influence of rearing conditions on voluntary ethanol intake and response to stress in rats
    • Rockman, G. E., Hall, A. M., Markert, L. E., and Glavin, G. B., Influence of rearing conditions on voluntary ethanol intake and response to stress in rats, Behav. Neur. Biol., 49, 184, 1988.
    • (1988) Behav. Neur. Biol. , vol.49 , pp. 184
    • Rockman, G.E.1    Hall, A.M.2    Markert, L.E.3    Glavin, G.B.4
  • 214
    • 7144223518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interaction of genetic and experiential contributions to ethanol sensitivity in rats
    • Hall, F. S., Huang, S., Pert, A., and Linnoila, M., The interaction of genetic and experiential contributions to ethanol sensitivity in rats, R.S.A. Abstr., 1996.
    • (1996) R.S.A. Abstr.
    • Hall, F.S.1    Huang, S.2    Pert, A.3    Linnoila, M.4
  • 215
    • 0021092683 scopus 로고
    • Isolation versus grouped housing in rats: Differential effects of low doses of heroin in the place preference paradigm
    • Schenk, S., Hunt, T., Colle, L., and Amit, Z., Isolation versus grouped housing in rats: differential effects of low doses of heroin in the place preference paradigm, Life Sci., 32, 1129, 1983.
    • (1983) Life Sci. , vol.32 , pp. 1129
    • Schenk, S.1    Hunt, T.2    Colle, L.3    Amit, Z.4
  • 216
    • 0021960005 scopus 로고
    • An examination of heroin conditioning in preferred and non-preferred environments and in differentially housed mature and immature rats
    • Schenk, S., Ellison, F., Hunt, T., and Amit, Z., An examination of heroin conditioning in preferred and non-preferred environments and in differentially housed mature and immature rats, Pharm. Biochem. Behav., 22, 215, 1985.
    • (1985) Pharm. Biochem. Behav. , vol.22 , pp. 215
    • Schenk, S.1    Ellison, F.2    Hunt, T.3    Amit, Z.4
  • 217
    • 0018721235 scopus 로고
    • The effect of housing and gender on preference for morphine-sucrose solutions in rats
    • Hadaway, P. C., Alexander, R. B., Coambs, R. B., and Beyerstein, B., The effect of housing and gender on preference for morphine-sucrose solutions in rats, Psychopharmacology, 6687, 1979.
    • (1979) Psychopharmacology , pp. 6687
    • Hadaway, P.C.1    Alexander, R.B.2    Coambs, R.B.3    Beyerstein, B.4
  • 218
    • 0017821442 scopus 로고
    • The effect of housing and gender on morphine self-administration in rats
    • Alexander, B. K., Coambs, R. B., and Hadaway, P. F., The effect of housing and gender on morphine self-administration in rats, Psychopharmacology, 58, 175, 1978.
    • (1978) Psychopharmacology , vol.58 , pp. 175
    • Alexander, B.K.1    Coambs, R.B.2    Hadaway, P.F.3
  • 220
    • 0028281816 scopus 로고
    • Social isolation-induced enhancement of the psychomotor effects of morphine depends on corticosterone secretion
    • Deroche, V., Piazza, P. V., Le Moal, M., and Simon, H., Social isolation-induced enhancement of the psychomotor effects of morphine depends on corticosterone secretion, Brain Res., 640, 136, 1994.
    • (1994) Brain Res. , vol.640 , pp. 136
    • Deroche, V.1    Piazza, P.V.2    Le Moal, M.3    Simon, H.4
  • 221
    • 0016727753 scopus 로고
    • Incentive motivation and behavioral inhibition in socially isolated rats
    • Morgan, M. J. and Einon, D. F., Incentive motivation and behavioral inhibition in socially isolated rats, Physiol. Behav., 15, 405, 1975.
    • (1975) Physiol. Behav. , vol.15 , pp. 405
    • Morgan, M.J.1    Einon, D.F.2
  • 222
    • 0017642490 scopus 로고
    • The effect of isolation on catecholamine concentration and turnover in discrete areas of the rat brain
    • Thoa, N. B., Tizabi, Y., and Jacobowitz, D. M., The effect of isolation on catecholamine concentration and turnover in discrete areas of the rat brain, Brain Res., 131, 259, 1977.
    • (1977) Brain Res. , vol.131 , pp. 259
    • Thoa, N.B.1    Tizabi, Y.2    Jacobowitz, D.M.3
  • 223
    • 0026627718 scopus 로고
    • 125I]ω-conotoxin GVIA binding sites in the rat frontal cortex and caudate nucleus
    • 125I]ω-conotoxin GVIA binding sites in the rat frontal cortex and caudate nucleus, Brain Res., 583, 189, 1992.
    • (1992) Brain Res. , vol.583 , pp. 189
    • Czyrak, A.1    Dooley, D.J.2    Jones, G.H.3    Robbins, T.W.4
  • 224
    • 0024273609 scopus 로고
    • The effect of isolation rearing and stress on monoamines in forebrain nigrostiatal, mesolimbic, and mesocortical dopamine systems
    • Holson, R. R., Ali, S. F., and Scallet, A. C., The effect of isolation rearing and stress on monoamines in forebrain nigrostiatal, mesolimbic, and mesocortical dopamine systems, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 537, 512, 1988.
    • (1988) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.537 , pp. 512
    • Holson, R.R.1    Ali, S.F.2    Scallet, A.C.3
  • 225
    • 0344887058 scopus 로고
    • Social deprivation increases the vulnerability of male Wistar rats to develop behavioral sensitization to d-amphetamine
    • Ahmed, S. H., Spampinato, U., Stinus, L., Le Moal, M., and Cador, M., Social deprivation increases the vulnerability of male Wistar rats to develop behavioral sensitization to d-amphetamine, Behav. Pharmacol., 4, 450, 1993.
    • (1993) Behav. Pharmacol. , vol.4 , pp. 450
    • Ahmed, S.H.1    Spampinato, U.2    Stinus, L.3    Le Moal, M.4    Cador, M.5
  • 226
    • 0027956309 scopus 로고
    • Individual housing modulates daily rhythms of hypothalamic catecholaminergic system and circulating hormones in adult male rats
    • Gambardella, P., Greco, A. M., Sticchi, R., Bellotti, R., and Di Renzo, G., Individual housing modulates daily rhythms of hypothalamic catecholaminergic system and circulating hormones in adult male rats, Chronobiol. Internation., 11, 213, 1994.
    • (1994) Chronobiol. Internation. , vol.11 , pp. 213
    • Gambardella, P.1    Greco, A.M.2    Sticchi, R.3    Bellotti, R.4    Di Renzo, G.5
  • 227
    • 0015721232 scopus 로고
    • The effects of environmental isolation on behavior and regional rat brain tyrosine hydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase activities
    • Segal, D. S., Knapp, S., Kuczenski, R. T., and Mandell, A. J., The effects of environmental isolation on behavior and regional rat brain tyrosine hydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase activities, Behav. Biol., 8, 47, 1973.
    • (1973) Behav. Biol. , vol.8 , pp. 47
    • Segal, D.S.1    Knapp, S.2    Kuczenski, R.T.3    Mandell, A.J.4
  • 229
    • 0026021747 scopus 로고
    • Social isolation and cohabitation with haloperidol-treated partners: Effect on density of striatal dopamine D2 receptors in the developing rat brain
    • Bean, G. and Lee, T., Social isolation and cohabitation with haloperidol-treated partners: effect on density of striatal dopamine D2 receptors in the developing rat brain, Psychiatr. Res., 36, 307, 1991.
    • (1991) Psychiatr. Res. , vol.36 , pp. 307
    • Bean, G.1    Lee, T.2
  • 230
    • 0019309892 scopus 로고
    • Increase dopamine receptor binding in the striatum of rats after long-term isolation
    • Guisado, E., Fernandez-Tome, P., Garzon, J., and Del Rio, J., Increase dopamine receptor binding in the striatum of rats after long-term isolation, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 65, 463, 1980.
    • (1980) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.65 , pp. 463
    • Guisado, E.1    Fernandez-Tome, P.2    Garzon, J.3    Del Rio, J.4
  • 231
    • 0001275586 scopus 로고
    • A behavioral and biochemical study on socially isolated rats
    • Morinan, A. and Parker, V., A behavioral and biochemical study on socially isolated rats, Br. J. Pharmacol., 86, 460P, 1985.
    • (1985) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.86
    • Morinan, A.1    Parker, V.2
  • 232
    • 0027378270 scopus 로고
    • Changes in basal and stimulated release of endogenous serotonin from different nuclei of rats subjected to two models of depression
    • Jaffe, E. H., De Frias, V., and Ibarra, C., Changes in basal and stimulated release of endogenous serotonin from different nuclei of rats subjected to two models of depression, Neurosci. Lett., 162, 157, 1993.
    • (1993) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.162 , pp. 157
    • Jaffe, E.H.1    De Frias, V.2    Ibarra, C.3
  • 233
    • 0344239672 scopus 로고
    • Effects of isolation rearing on 5-hydroxytryptamine function in rat hippocampus
    • Wilkinson, L. S., Hall, F. S., Humby, T., and Robbins, T. W., Effects of isolation rearing on 5-hydroxytryptamine function in rat hippocampus, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 59, 4, 1991.
    • (1991) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.59 , pp. 4
    • Wilkinson, L.S.1    Hall, F.S.2    Humby, T.3    Robbins, T.W.4
  • 234
    • 0027233562 scopus 로고
    • Social isolation attenuates rat forebrain 5-HT release induced by KC1 stimulation and exposure to a novel environment
    • Bickerdike, M. J., Wright, I. K., and Marsden, C. A., Social isolation attenuates rat forebrain 5-HT release induced by KC1 stimulation and exposure to a novel environment, Behav. Pharmacol., 4, 231, 1993.
    • (1993) Behav. Pharmacol. , vol.4 , pp. 231
    • Bickerdike, M.J.1    Wright, I.K.2    Marsden, C.A.3
  • 235
    • 0025861675 scopus 로고
    • Effect of isolation rearing on 5-HT agonist-induced responses in the rat
    • Wright, I. K., Ismail, H., Upton, N., and Marsden, C., Effect of isolation rearing on 5-HT agonist-induced responses in the rat, Psychopharmacology, 105, 259, 1991.
    • (1991) Psychopharmacology , vol.105 , pp. 259
    • Wright, I.K.1    Ismail, H.2    Upton, N.3    Marsden, C.4
  • 236
    • 0023622337 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal transmitter sensitivity after social isolation in rats
    • Oehler, J., Jahkel, M., and Schmidt, J., Neuronal transmitter sensitivity after social isolation in rats, Physiol. Behav., 41, 187, 1987.
    • (1987) Physiol. Behav. , vol.41 , pp. 187
    • Oehler, J.1    Jahkel, M.2    Schmidt, J.3
  • 237
    • 0018609495 scopus 로고
    • Antidepressants selectively antagonize the hyperactivity induced in rats by long-term isolation
    • Garzon, J., Fuentes, J. A., and del Rio, J., Antidepressants selectively antagonize the hyperactivity induced in rats by long-term isolation, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 59, 293, 1979.
    • (1979) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.59 , pp. 293
    • Garzon, J.1    Fuentes, J.A.2    Del Rio, J.3
  • 238
    • 0016324961 scopus 로고
    • Social environment and brain biogenic amine metabolism in rats
    • Stolk M., Conner, R. L., and Barchas, J. D., Social environment and brain biogenic amine metabolism in rats, J. Comp. Physiol. Psych., 87, 203, 1974.
    • (1974) J. Comp. Physiol. Psych. , vol.87 , pp. 203
    • Stolk, M.1    Conner, R.L.2    Barchas, J.D.3
  • 239
    • 0002319334 scopus 로고
    • Social Zeitgebers: A peer separation model of depression in rats
    • Koob, G. F., Ehlers, C. L., and Kupfer, D. J., Eds., Birkhauser, Boston
    • Ehlers, C. L., Wall, T. L., Wyss, S. P., and Chaplin, R. I., Social Zeitgebers: a peer separation model of depression in rats, in Animal Models of Depression, Koob, G. F., Ehlers, C. L., and Kupfer, D. J., Eds., Birkhauser, Boston, 99, 1989.
    • (1989) Animal Models of Depression , pp. 99
    • Ehlers, C.L.1    Wall, T.L.2    Wyss, S.P.3    Chaplin, R.I.4
  • 240
    • 0025946257 scopus 로고
    • Isolation stress increases tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA in the locus coeruleus and midbrain and decreases proenkephalin mRNA in the striatum and nucleus accumbens
    • Angulo, J. A., Printz, D., Ledoux, M., and McEwen, B. S., Isolation stress increases tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA in the locus coeruleus and midbrain and decreases proenkephalin mRNA in the striatum and nucleus accumbens, Mol. Brain Res., 11, 301, 1991.
    • (1991) Mol. Brain Res. , vol.11 , pp. 301
    • Angulo, J.A.1    Printz, D.2    Ledoux, M.3    McEwen, B.S.4
  • 241
    • 0027945079 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for altered α2-adrenoceptor function following isolation-rearing in the rat
    • Fulford, A. J., Butler, S., Heal, D. J., Kendall, D. A., and Marsden, C. A., Evidence for altered α2-adrenoceptor function following isolation-rearing in the rat, Psychopharmacology, 116, 183, 1994.
    • (1994) Psychopharmacology , vol.116 , pp. 183
    • Fulford, A.J.1    Butler, S.2    Heal, D.J.3    Kendall, D.A.4    Marsden, C.A.5
  • 242
    • 0031026322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social isolation in the rat enhances α2-autoreceptor function in the hippocampus in vivo
    • Fulford, A. J. and Marsden, C. A., Social isolation in the rat enhances α2-autoreceptor function in the hippocampus in vivo , Neuroscience, 77, 57, 1997.
    • (1997) Neuroscience , vol.77 , pp. 57
    • Fulford, A.J.1    Marsden, C.A.2
  • 243
    • 0031049640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of isolation-rearing on noradrenaline release in rat hypothalamus and hippocampus in vitro
    • Fulford, A. J. and Marsden, C. A., Effect of isolation-rearing on noradrenaline release in rat hypothalamus and hippocampus in vitro, Brain Res., 748, 93, 1997.
    • (1997) Brain Res. , vol.748 , pp. 93
    • Fulford, A.J.1    Marsden, C.A.2
  • 244
    • 0020033273 scopus 로고
    • Isolation rearing decreases opiate receptor binding in rat brain
    • Schenk, S., Britt, M. D., Atalay, J., and Charleson, S., Isolation rearing decreases opiate receptor binding in rat brain, Pharm. Biochem. Behav., 16, 841, 1982.
    • (1982) Pharm. Biochem. Behav. , vol.16 , pp. 841
    • Schenk, S.1    Britt, M.D.2    Atalay, J.3    Charleson, S.4
  • 245
    • 0014969821 scopus 로고
    • Long-term isolation in rats reduces morphine response
    • Katz, D. M. and Steinberg, H., Long-term isolation in rats reduces morphine response, Nature, 228, 469, 1970.
    • (1970) Nature , vol.228 , pp. 469
    • Katz, D.M.1    Steinberg, H.2
  • 246
    • 0023277396 scopus 로고
    • Isolation housing decreases the effectiveness of morphine in the conditioned taste aversion paradigm
    • Schenk, S., Hunt, T., Klukowski, G., and Amit, Z., Isolation housing decreases the effectiveness of morphine in the conditioned taste aversion paradigm, Psychopharmacology, 92, 48, 1987.
    • (1987) Psychopharmacology , vol.92 , pp. 48
    • Schenk, S.1    Hunt, T.2    Klukowski, G.3    Amit, Z.4
  • 247
    • 0023923987 scopus 로고
    • Isolation-induced locomotor hyperactivity and hypoalgesia in rats are prevented by handling and reversed by resocialization
    • Gentsch, C., Lichtsteiner, M., Frischknecht, H.-R., Feer, H., and Siegfried, B., Isolation-induced locomotor hyperactivity and hypoalgesia in rats are prevented by handling and reversed by resocialization, Physiol. Behav., 43, 13, 1988.
    • (1988) Physiol. Behav. , vol.43 , pp. 13
    • Gentsch, C.1    Lichtsteiner, M.2    Frischknecht, H.-R.3    Feer, H.4    Siegfried, B.5
  • 248
    • 0021963309 scopus 로고
    • Association between hypoalgesia and hypertension in rats after short-term isolation
    • Naranjo, J. R. and Fuentes, J. A., Association between hypoalgesia and hypertension in rats after short-term isolation, Neuropharmacology, 24, 167, 1985.
    • (1985) Neuropharmacology , vol.24 , pp. 167
    • Naranjo, J.R.1    Fuentes, J.A.2
  • 249
    • 0025988418 scopus 로고
    • Genomic effects of cold and isolation stress on magnocellular vasopressin mRNA-containing cells in the hypothalamus of the rat
    • Angulo, J. A., Ledoux, M., and McEwen, B. S., Genomic effects of cold and isolation stress on magnocellular vasopressin mRNA-containing cells in the hypothalamus of the rat, J. Neurochem., 56, 2033, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Neurochem. , vol.56 , pp. 2033
    • Angulo, J.A.1    Ledoux, M.2    McEwen, B.S.3
  • 250
    • 0025914310 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative evaluation of octadecaneuropeptide-like immunoreactivity in hippocampus, cortex, and cerebellum of long-term isolated male Wistar rats
    • Miachon, S., Tonon, M. C., Vaudry, H., and Buda, M., Quantitative evaluation of octadecaneuropeptide-like immunoreactivity in hippocampus, cortex, and cerebellum of long-term isolated male Wistar rats, Neuropeptides, 19, 179, 1991.
    • (1991) Neuropeptides , vol.19 , pp. 179
    • Miachon, S.1    Tonon, M.C.2    Vaudry, H.3    Buda, M.4
  • 251
    • 0025218569 scopus 로고
    • Isolation-induced changes in radioligand binding to benzodiazepine binding sites
    • Miachon, S., Manchon, M., Fromentin, J. R., and Buda, M., Isolation-induced changes in radioligand binding to benzodiazepine binding sites, Neurosci. Lett., 111, 246, 1990.
    • (1990) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.111 , pp. 246
    • Miachon, S.1    Manchon, M.2    Fromentin, J.R.3    Buda, M.4
  • 252
    • 0026011415 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the number of dendritic spines in the medial preoptic area during premature long-term social isolation in rats
    • Sanchez-Toscano, F., Sanchez, M., and Garzon, J., Changes in the number of dendritic spines in the medial preoptic area during premature long-term social isolation in rats, Neurosci. Lett., 122, 1, 1991.
    • (1991) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.122 , pp. 1
    • Sanchez-Toscano, F.1    Sanchez, M.2    Garzon, J.3
  • 253
    • 0016748156 scopus 로고
    • Differences in occipital cortical synapses from environmentally enriched, impoverished, and standard colony rats
    • Diamond, M. C., Lindner, B., Johnson, R., Bennett, E. L., and Rosenzweig, M. R., Differences in occipital cortical synapses from environmentally enriched, impoverished, and standard colony rats, J. Neurosci. Res., 1, 109, 1975.
    • (1975) J. Neurosci. Res. , vol.1 , pp. 109
    • Diamond, M.C.1    Lindner, B.2    Johnson, R.3    Bennett, E.L.4    Rosenzweig, M.R.5
  • 254
    • 0023219405 scopus 로고
    • Infant separation distress in genetically fearful rats
    • Insel, T. R. and Hill, J. L., Infant separation distress in genetically fearful rats, Biol. Psychiatr., 22, 783, 1987.
    • (1987) Biol. Psychiatr. , vol.22 , pp. 783
    • Insel, T.R.1    Hill, J.L.2
  • 255
    • 0037676915 scopus 로고
    • Separation and depression: Biological markers
    • Reite, M. and Field, T., Eds., Academic Press, New York
    • McKinney, W. T., Separation and depression: biological markers, in The Psychobiology of Attachment and Separation, Reite, M. and Field, T., Eds., Academic Press, New York, 1985, 201.
    • (1985) The Psychobiology of Attachment and Separation , pp. 201
    • McKinney, W.T.1
  • 256
    • 0001425882 scopus 로고
    • Reconciling the role of central serotonin neurons in human and animal behavior
    • Soubrie P., Reconciling the role of central serotonin neurons in human and animal behavior, Behav. Brain Sci., 9, 319, 1986.
    • (1986) Behav. Brain Sci. , vol.9 , pp. 319
    • Soubrie, P.1
  • 257
    • 0024809166 scopus 로고
    • Serotonin, aggession and self-destructive behavior
    • Miczek, K. A., Mos, J., and Olivier, B., Serotonin, aggession and self-destructive behavior, Psychopharm. Bull., 25, 399, 1989.
    • (1989) Psychopharm. Bull. , vol.25 , pp. 399
    • Miczek, K.A.1    Mos, J.2    Olivier, B.3
  • 258
    • 0027661052 scopus 로고
    • Brain serotonin, type II alcoholism and impulsive violence
    • Virkkunen, M. and Linnoila, M., Brain serotonin, type II alcoholism and impulsive violence, J. Stud. Alcohol, (Suppl. 11), 163, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Stud. Alcohol , Issue.11 SUPPL. , pp. 163
    • Virkkunen, M.1    Linnoila, M.2
  • 259
    • 0019139272 scopus 로고
    • Positive and negative schizophrenic symptoms and the role of dopamine
    • Crow, T. J., Positive and negative schizophrenic symptoms and the role of dopamine, Br. J. Psychiatr., 137, 383, 1980.
    • (1980) Br. J. Psychiatr. , vol.137 , pp. 383
    • Crow, T.J.1
  • 261
    • 0037952069 scopus 로고
    • Dopamine and schizophrenia - A cortically corrective perspective
    • Jaskiw, G. E. and Weinberger, D. R., Dopamine and schizophrenia - a cortically corrective perspective, Semin. Neurosci., 4, 179, 1992.
    • (1992) Semin. Neurosci. , vol.4 , pp. 179
    • Jaskiw, G.E.1    Weinberger, D.R.2
  • 263
    • 0027248573 scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of amphetamine-induced locomotor activity and dopamine release in nucleus accumbens following excitotoxic lesions of the hippocampus
    • Wilkinson, L. S., Mittleman, G., Torres, E., Humby, T., Hall, F. S., and Robbins, T. W., Enhancement of amphetamine-induced locomotor activity and dopamine release in nucleus accumbens following excitotoxic lesions of the hippocampus, Behav. Brain Res., 55, 143, 1993.
    • (1993) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.55 , pp. 143
    • Wilkinson, L.S.1    Mittleman, G.2    Torres, E.3    Humby, T.4    Hall, F.S.5    Robbins, T.W.6
  • 264
    • 0025892309 scopus 로고
    • Frontal lobe dysfunction in schizophrenia and parkinson's disease - A meeting point for neurology, psychology and psychiatry: Discussion paper
    • Reading, P. J., Frontal lobe dysfunction in schizophrenia and parkinson's disease - a meeting point for neurology, psychology and psychiatry: discussion paper, J. R. Soc. Med., 84, 349, 1991.
    • (1991) J. R. Soc. Med. , vol.84 , pp. 349
    • Reading, P.J.1
  • 265
    • 0000444602 scopus 로고
    • Activity of dopamine neurons in the behaving primate
    • Schultz, W., Activity of dopamine neurons in the behaving primate, Semin. Neurosci., 4, 129, 1993.
    • (1993) Semin. Neurosci. , vol.4 , pp. 129
    • Schultz, W.1
  • 266
    • 0026436695 scopus 로고
    • Context, cortex, and dopamine: A connectionist approach to behavior and biology in schizophrenia
    • Cohen, J. D. and Servan-Schreiber, D., Context, cortex, and dopamine: a connectionist approach to behavior and biology in schizophrenia, Psych. Rev., 99, 45, 1992.
    • (1992) Psych. Rev. , vol.99 , pp. 45
    • Cohen, J.D.1    Servan-Schreiber, D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.