Phenotypic switching in Cryptococcus neoformans results in changes in cellular morphology and glucuronoxylomannan structure

Infection and Immunity

Volumn 67, Issue 11, 1999, Pages 6076-6083

  Fries, Bettina C ^a   Goldman, David L ^a   Cherniak, Robert ^b   Ju, Rujin ^a   Casadevall, Arturo ^a  

^a ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

POLYSACCHARIDE;

ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; COLONY FORMING UNIT; CRYPTOCOCCOSIS; CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS; KARYOTYPE; MYCOSIS; NONHUMAN; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; STRAIN DIFFERENCE; VIRULENCE;

CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS;

EID: 0032706270     PISSN: 00199567     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/iai.67.11.6076-6083.1999     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Barton, R., and S. Scherer. 1994. Induced chromosome rearrangements and morphologic variation in Candida albicans. J. Bacteriol. 176:756-763.
2. Brandt, M., M. Pfaller, R. A. Hajjeh, E. Gravis, J. Rees, E. Spitzer, R. Pinner, L. Mayer, et al. 1996. Molecular subtypes and antifungal susceptibilities of serial Cryptococcus neoformans isolates in human immune deficiency virus-associated cryptococcosis. J. Infect. Dis. 174:812-820.
3. Casadevall, A., J. Mukherjee, S. J. Devi, R. Schneerson, J. B. Robbins, and M. D. Scharf. 1992. Antibodies elicited by a Cryptococcus neoformanstetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine have the same specificity as those elicited in infection. J. Infect. Dis. 165:1086-1093.
4. Cherniak, R., L. Morris, B. Anderson, and S. Meyer. 1991. Facilitated isolation purification and analysis of glucuronoxylomannan of Cryptococcus neoformans. Infect. Immun. 59:59-64.
5. Cherniak, R., L. Morris, T. Belay, E. Spitzer, and A. Casadevall. 1995. Variation in the structure of glucuronoxylomannan in isolates from patients with recurrent cryptococcal meningitis. Infect. Immun. 63:1899-1905.
6. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of glucuronoxylomannans with a computer-simulated artificial neural network. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 5:146-159.
7. Cleare, W., and A. Casadevall. 1998. The different binding patterns of two immunoglobulin M monoclonal antibodies to Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A and D strain correlate with serotype classification and differences in functional assays. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 5:125-129.
8. Currie, B., H. Sanati, A. Ibrahim, J. Edwards, A. Casadevall, and M. Ghannoum. 1995. Sterol compositions and susceptibilities to amphotericin B of environmental Cryptococcus neoformans isolates are changed by murine passage. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39:1934-1937.
9. Currie, B. P., and A. Casadevall. 1994. Estimation of the prevalence of cryptococcal infection among HIV infected individuals in New York City. Clin. Infect. Dis. 19:1029-1033.
10. Fan, M., B. P. Currie, R. R. Gutell, M. A. Ragan, and A. Casadevall. 1994. The 16s-like, 5.8s and 23s-like rRNAs of the two varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans: sequence, secondary structure, phylogenetic analysis and restriction fragment polymorphisms. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. 32:163-180.
11. Franzot, S., J. Mukherjee, R. Cherniak, L. Chen, J. Hamdan, and A. Casadevall. 1998. Microevolution of standard strain of Cryptococcus neoformans resulting in differences in virulence and other phenotypes. Infect. Immun. 66:89-97.
12. Freed, E. R., R. J. Duma, H. J. Shadomy, and J. P. Utz. 1970. Meningoencephalitis due to hypha-forming Cryptococcus neoformans. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 55:30-33.
13. Fries, B., and A. Casadevall. 1998. Serial isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans from patients with AIDS differ in virulence for mice. J. Infect. Dis. 178:1761-1766.
14. Fries, B. C., F. Chen, B. P. Currie, and A. Casadevall. 1996. Karyotype instability in Cryptococcus neoformans infection. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:1531-1534.
15. Fromtling, R. A., R. Blackstock, N. K. Hall, and G. S. Blumer. 1979. Immunization of mice with an avirulent pseudohyphal form of Cryptococcus neoformans. Mycopathologia 68:179-181.
16. Gimeno, J., P. Ljungdahl, C. Styles, and G. Fink. 1992. Unipolar cell divisions in the yeast S. cerevisiae lead to filamentous growth: regulation by starvation and RAS. Cell 68:1077-1090.
17. Goldman, D., B. Fries, S. Franzot, L. Montella, and A. Casadevall. 1998. Phenotypic switching in the human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is associated with changes in virulence and pulmonary inflammatory response in rodents. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:14967-14972.
18. Goldman, D., S. Lee, and A. Casadevall. 1994. Pathogenesis of pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans infection in the rat. Infect. Immun. 62:4755-4761.
19. Goldman, D. L., S. C. Lee, and A. Casadevall. 1995. Tissue localization of Cryptococcus neoformans glucuronoxylomannan in the presence and absence of specific antibody. Infect. Immun. 63:3448-3453.
20. Granger, D. L., J. R. Perfect, and D. T. Durack. 1985. Virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. Regulation of capsule synthesis by carbon dioxide. J. Clin. Investig. 76:508-516.
21. Hammerschmidt, S., R. Hilse, J. van Putten, R. Gerady-Schahn, A. Unkmair, and M. Frosch. 1996. Modulation of cell surface sialic acid expression in Neisseria meningitidis via a transposable genetic element. EMBO J. 15: 192-198.
22. Hood, D., M. Deedman, M. Jennings, M. Biseric, R. Fleischmann, J. Venter, and E. Moxon. 1996. DNA repeats identify novel virulence genes in Haemophilus influenzae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:11121-11125.
23. Janbon, G., F. Sherman, and E. Rustchenko. 1998. Monosomy of a specific chromosome determines L-sorbose utilization: a novel regulatory mechanism in Candida albicans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:5150-5155.
24. Lysnynansky, I., R. Rosengarten, and D. Yogev. 1996. Phenotypic switching of variable surface lipoproteins in Mycoplasma bovis involves high-frequency chromosomal rearrangement. J. Bacteriol. 178:5395-5401.
25. Mitchell, T., and J. Perfect. 1995. Cryptococcosis in the era of AIDS - 100 years after the discovery of Cryptococcus neofomans. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 8:515-548.
26. Myler, P., J. Allison, N. Agabian, and K. Stuart 1984. Antigenic variation in African trypanosomes by gene replacement or activation of alternate telomeres. Cell 39:203-211.
27. Neilson, J. B., R. A. Fromtling, and G. S. Bulmer. 1981. Pseudohyphal forms of Cryptococcus neoformans: decreased survival in vivo. Mycopathologia 73: 57-59.
28. Neilson, J. B., M. H. Ivey, and G. S. Bulmer. 1978. Cryptococcus neoformans pseudohyphal forms surviving culture with Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Infect. Immun. 20:262-266.
29. Nussbaum, G., W. Cleare, A. Casadevall, M. D. Scharf, and P. Valadon. 1997. Epitope location in the Cryptococcus neoformans capsule is a determinant of antibody efficacy. J. Exp. Med. 185:685-694.
30. Perez-Martin, J., J. A. Uria, and A. D. Johnson. 1999. Phenotypic switching in Candida albicans is controlled by SIR2 gene. EMBO J. 18:2580-2592.
31. Pesti, M., M. Sipiczki, and Y. Pinter. 1999. Scanning electron microscopy characterization of colonies of Candida albicans morphological mutants. J. Med. Microbiol. 48:167-172.
32. Radford, D., S. Challacombe, and J. Walter. 1994. A scanning electron microscopy investigation of the structure of colonies of different morphologies produced by phenotypic switching in Candida albicans. J. Med. Microbiol. 40:416-423.
33. Ramsey, H., B. Morrow, and D. R. Soll. 1994. An increase in switching frequency correlates with an increase in recombination of the ribosomal chromosomes of Candida albicans strain 3153A. Microbiology 140:1525-1531.
34. Rivera, J., M. Feldmesser, M. Cammer, and A. Casadevall. 1998. Organdependent variation of capsule thickness in Cryptococcus neoformans during murine experimental infection. Infect. Immun. 66:5027-5030.
35. Rustchenko, E. P., F. Sherman, and J. B. Hicks. 1990. Chromosomal rearrangements associated with morphological mutants provide a means for genetic variation of Candida albicans. J. Bacteriol. 172:1276-1283.
36. Rustchenko, E. P., D. H. Howard, and F. Sherman. 1994. Chromosomal alterations of Candida albicans are associated with gain and loss of assimilating functions. J. Bacteriol. 176:3231-3241.
37. Schwan, T. G., and B. J. Hinnebush. 1998. Bloodstream- versus tick-associated variants of a relapsing fever bacterium. Science 280:1938-1940.
38. Shadomy, H. J., and H. I. Lurie. 1971. Histopathological observations in experimental cryptococcosis caused by a hypha-producing strain of Cryptococcus neoformans (Coward strain) in mice. Sabouraudia 9:6-9.
39. Silverman, M., J. Zieg, M. Hilmen, and M. Simon. 1979. Phase variation in Salmonella: genetic analysis of a recombinational switch. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76:391-395.
40. Slutsky, B., J. Buffo, and D. R. Soil. 1985. High-frequency switching of colony morphology in Candida albicans. Science 230:666-669.
41. Small, J., and T. Mitchell. 1989. Strain variation in antiphagocytic activity of capsular polysaccharide from Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A. Infect. Immun. 57:3751-3756.
42. Soil, D. R. 1992. High-frequency switching in Candida albicans. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 5:183-203.
43. Suzuki, T., A. Hitomi, P. T. Magee, and S. Sakaguchi. 1994. Correlation between polyploidy and auxotrophic segregation in the imperfect yeast Candida albicans. J. Bacteriol. 176:3345-3353.
44. Swartley, L., A. Marfin, S. Edupuganti, L. Liu, P. Cieslak, B. Perkins, and J. Wenger. 1997. Capsule switching of Neisseria meningitidis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:271-276.
45. Vartivarian, S. E., E. J. Anaissie, R. E. Cowart H. A. Sprigg, M. J. Tingler, and E. S. Jacobson. 1993. Regulation of cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide by iron. J. Infect. Dis. 167:186-190.
46. Wilkes, B., M. Mayorga, U. Edman, and J. Edman. 1996. Dimorphism and haploid fruiting in Cryptococcus neoformans with the a-mating type. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:7327-7331.
47. Wilkes, B., T. D. Moore, and K. Kwong-Chung. 1994. Comparison of the electrophoretic karyotypes and chromosomal location of ten genes in the two varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans. Microbiology 140:543-550.
48. Zolan, M. 1995. Chromosome length polymorphism in fungi. Microbiol. Rev. 59:686-698.