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2642714664
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note
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7 spirochetes per milliliter. At this time, bloods smears were again made for serotype determination and another 75 second-stage nymphs were fed to repletion. Both cohorts of ticks were held at 27°C and 80% relative humidity. Immediately after feeding, infections in two ticks from each group were confirmed by darkfield microscopic examination of the midgut. Spirochetes in the blood smears from both mice used to infect ticks were examined with 25 serotype-specific antisera (7), which identified the initial infecting population as serotype 7 and the relapse as serotype 8.
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15
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2642618345
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note
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Ticks were allowed to molt, and then from 21 to 372 days after infection, ticks from each cohort were fed singly on individual mice that were 10 days old. Blood from each mouse was examined daily for 2 weeks, and the serotype of the spirochetes in the initial population was determined (7, 9).
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17
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2642713064
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note
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7 spirochetes per milliliter of blood and then held at 27°C until the nymphs had molted to adults. The identity of the serotypes 7 and 8 in the mouse blood used to infect ticks was again confirmed by IFA.
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18
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note
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After the molt of the nymphs to adults, we dissected the salivary glands, midgut, and synganglion for immunofluorescence analysis. Tick tissues were mixed in phosphate-buffered saline containing 0.75% bovine serum albumin, adhered to glass microscope slides, air dried, and fixed in acetone for 30 min. Spirochetes were visualized by incubation with monoclonal antibodies to flagellin (H9724) (30), Vmp7 (H9236) (31), or Vmp33 (H4825) (31), or a mouse polyclonal antibody to Vmp8 (7). This was followed by incubation with goat antibody to mouse immunoglobulin G conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (Kirkegaard and Perry Laboratories, Gaithersburg, MD).
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2642614240
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note
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8 spirochetes per milliliter of blood. Infected blood from this mouse was cultured in BSK-H medium (Sigma, St. Louis) at 23° or 37°C until spirochetes reached stationary phase and then prepared for analysis of whole-cell lysates.
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23
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Barbour, A.G.1
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Barbour, A.G.1
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44
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2642670055
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note
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We thank M. Schrumpf and R. Karstens for technical assistance, R. Evans and G. Hettrick for help with the figures, and P. Rosa, B. Stevenson, and J. Bono for reviewing the manuscript. The use of animals for this study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee at the Rocky Mountain Laboratories.
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