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Creases in these membranes could be avoided by using 2-propanol to minimize van der Waals forces and stop the membrane from folding up; this procedure is acceptable provided the patterning step is the first one so other layers are not affected by the use of a solvent.
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note
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3 and PVK adhere better than TPD to silicon substrates.
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3 layer (in the regions where the TPD was not present) contributed to the low quantum efficiency.
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