Developmentally regulated Xist promoter switch mediates initiation of X inactivation

Cell

Volumn 94, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 809-817

  Johnston, Colette M ^a   Nesterova, Tatyana B ^b   Formstone, Emma J ^a   Newall, Alistair E T ^a   Duthie, Sarah M ^a   Sheardown, Steven A ^a,c   Brockdorff, Neil ^a  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^b INSTITUTE OF CYTOLOGY AND GENETICS   (Russian Federation)

^c GLAXOSMITHKLINE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GENE PRODUCT; RNA;

ALLELE; ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; GENE SWITCHING; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN STABILITY; RNA ANALYSIS; RNA SYNTHESIS; X CHROMOSOME INACTIVATION;

EID: 0032544732     PISSN: 00928674     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81739-0     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Ariel, M., Robinson, E., McCarrey, J.R., and Cedar, H. (1995). Gamete-specific methylation correlates with imprinting of the murine Xist gene. Nature Genet. 9, 312-315.
2. Atwater, J.A., Wisdom, R., and Verma, I.M. (1990). Regulated mRNA stability. Annu. Rev. Genet. 24, 519-541.
3. Ayoubi, T.A.Y., and Van de Ven, W.J.M. (1996). Regulation of gene expression by alternative promoters. FASEB J. 10, 453-460.
4. Borsani, G., Tonlorenzi, R., Simmler, M.C., Dandolo, L., Arnaud, D., Capra, V., Grompe, M., Pizzuti, A., Muzny, D., Lawrence, C., et al. (1991). Characterization of a murine gene expressed from the inactive X chromosome. Nature 351, 325-329.
5. Brockdorff, N., Ashworth, A., Kay, G.F., Cooper, P., Smith, S., McCabe, V.M., Norris, D.P., Penny, G.D., Patel, D., and Rastan, S. (1991). Conservation of position and exclusive expression of mouse Xist from the inactive X chromosome. Nature 351, 329-331.
6. Brockdorff, N., Ashworth, A., Kay, G.F., McCabe, V.M., Norris, D.P., Cooper, P.J., Swift, S., and Rastan, S. (1992). The product of the mouse Xist gene is a 15 kb inactive X-specific transcript containing no conserved ORF and located in the nucleus. Cell 71, 515-526.
7. Brown, C.J., Ballabio, A., Rupert, J.L., Lafreniere, R.G., Grompe, M., Tonlorenzi, R., and Willard, H.F. (1991a). A gene from the region of the human X inactivation centre is expressed exclusively from the inactive X chromosome. Nature 349, 38-44.
8. Brown, C.J., Lafreniere, R.G., Powers, V.E., Sebastio, G., Ballabio, A., Pettigrew, A.L., Ledbetter, D.H., Levy, E., Craig, I.W., and Willard, H.F. (1991b). Localization of the X inactivation centre on the human X chromosome in Xq13. Nature 349, 82-84.
9. Brown, C.J., Hendrich, B.D., Rupert, J.L., Lafreniere, R.G., Xing, Y., Lawrence, J., and Willard, H.F. (1992). The human XISTgene: analysis of a 17 kb inactive X-specific RNA that contains conserved repeats and is highly localized within the nucleus. Cell 71, 527-542.
10. Cianetti, L., Di Cristofaro, A., Zappavigna, V., Bottero, L., Boccoli, G., Testa, U., Russo, G., Boncinelle, E., and Peschle, C. (1990). Molecular mechanisms underlying the expression of the human HOX-5.1 gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 18, 4361-4368.
11. Clemson, C.M., McNeil, J.A., Willard, H.F., and Lawrence, J.B. (1996). XISTRNA paints the inactive Xchromosome at interphase: evidence for a novel RNA involved in nuclear/chromosome structure. J. Cell Biol. 132, 259-275.
12. Clerc, P., and Avner, P. (1998). Role of the region 3′ to Xist exon 6 in the counting process of X chromosome inactivation. Nature Genet. 19, 249-253.
13. Devereux, J., Haeberli, P., and Smithies, O. (1984). A comprehensive set of sequence analysis programs for the VAX. Nucleic Acids Res. 12, 387-395.
14. Heard, E., Clerc, P., and Avner, P. (1997).X-chromosome inactivation in mammals. Annu. Rev. Genet. 31, 571-610.
15. Hendrich, B.D., Brown, C.J., and Willard, H.F. (1993). Evolutionary conservation of possible functional domains of the human and murine XIST genes. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2, 663-672.
16. Hendrich, B.D., Plenge, R., and Willard, H.F. (1997). Identification and characterisation of the human XIST promoter: implications for models of X chromosome inactivation. Nucleic Acids Res. 25, 2661-2671.
17. Herzing, L.B.K., Romer, J.T., Horn, J.M., and Ashworth, A. (1997). Xist has properties of the X-chromosome inactivation centre. Nature 386, 272-275.
18. Jeppesen, P., and Turner, B.M. (1993). The inactive X chromosome in female mammals is distinguished by a lack of histone H4 acetylation, a cytogenetic marker for gene expression. Cell 74, 281-289.
19. Kay, G.F., Penny, G.D., Patel, D., Ashworth, A., Brockdorff, N., and Rastan, S. (1993). Expression of Xist during mouse development suggests a role in the initiation of X chromosome inactivation. Cell 72, 171-182.
20. Lee, J.T., Strauss, W.M., Dausman, J.A., and Jaenisch, R. (1996). A 450 kb transgene displays properties of the mammalian X-inactivation center. Cell 86, 83-94.
21. Lee, J.T., and Jaenisch, R. (1997). Long range cis effects of ectopic X inactivation centres on a mouse autosome. Nature 386, 275-279.
22. Leighton, P.A., Ingram, R.S., Eggenschweiler, J., Efstratiadis, A., and Tilghman, S.M. (1995). Disruption of imprinting caused by deletion of the H19 region in mice. Nature 375, 34-39.
23. Marahrens, Y., Panning, B., Dausman, J., Strauss, W., and Jaenisch, R. (1997). Xist deficient mice are defective in dosage compensation but not spermatogenesis. Genes Dev. 11, 156-166.
24. Marahrens, Y., Loring, J., and Jaenisch, R. (1998). Role of the Xist gene in X chromosome choosing. Cell 92, 657-664.
25. Marcu, K.B., Bossone, S.A., and Patel, A.J. (1992). myc function and regulation. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 61, 809-860.
26. McMahon, A., Fosten, M., and Monk, M. (1983). X chromosome inactivation mosaicism in the three germ layers and the germ line of the mouse embryo. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 46, 53-64.
27. Monk, M., and Harper, M.I. (1979). Sequential X chromosome inactivation coupled with cellular differentiation in early mouse embryos. Nature 281, 311-313.
28. Norris, D.P., Patel, D., Kay, G.F., Penny, G.D., Brockdorff, N., Sheardown, S.A., and Rastan, S. (1994). Evidence that random and imprinted Xist expression is controlled by preemptive methylation. Cell 77, 41-51.
29. Panning, B., and Jaenisch, R. (1996). DNA hypomethylation can activate Xist expression and silence X-linked genes. Genes Dev. 10, 1991-2002.
30. Panning, B., Dausman, J., and Jaenisch, R. (1997). X chromosome inactivation is mediated by Xist RNA stabilization. Cell 90, 907-916.
31. Penny, G.D., Kay, G.F., Sheardown, S.A., Rastan, S., and Brockdorff, N. (1996). Requirement for Xist in X chromosome inactivation. Nature 379, 131-137.
32. Rastan, S. (1983). Non-random X chromosome inactivation in mouse X autosome translocations: location of the inactivation center. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 78, 1-22.
33. Rastan, S., and Robertson, E.J. (1985). X chromosome deletions in embryo-derived (EK) cell lines associated with lack of X chromosome inactivation. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 90, 379-388.
34. Rastan, S., and Brown, S.D. (1990). The search for the mouse X-chromosome inactivation centre. Genet. Res. 56, 99-106.
35. Sheardown, S.A., Duthie, S.M., Johnston, C.M., Newall, A.E.T., Formstone, E.J., Arkell, R.M., Nesterova, T.B., Alghisi, G.-C., Rastan, S., and Brockdorff, N. (1997a). Stabilization of Xist RNA mediates initiation of X chromosome inactivation. Cell 91, 99-107.
36. Sheardown, S.A., Newall, A.E.T., Norris, D.P., Rastan, S., and Brockdorff, N. (1997b). Regulatory elements in the minimal promoter region of the mouse Xist gene. Gene 203, 159-168.
37. Takagi, N., and Sasaki, M. (1975). Preferential inactivation of the paternally derived X chromosome in the extraembryonic membranes of the mouse. Nature 256, 640-642.
38. Zuccotti, M., and Monk, M. (1995). Methylation of the mouse Xist gene in sperm and eggs correlates with imprinted Xist expression and paternal X-inactivation. Nature Genet. 9, 316-332.