The angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor promotes axonal regeneration in the optic nerve of adult rats

Journal of Experimental Medicine

Volumn 188, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 661-670

  Lucius, Ralph ^a   Gallinat, Stefan ^a,b   Rosenstiel, Philip ^a   Herdegen, Thomas ^a   Sievers, Jobst ^a   Unger, Thomas ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KIEL   (Germany)

^b German Institute for High Blood Pressure Research   (Germany)

Author keywords

Angiotensin receptor; Apoptosis; Axonal regeneration; Losartan; PD 123177

Indexed keywords

1 (4 AMINO 3 METHYLBENZYL) 5 DIPHENYLACETYL 4,5,6,7 TETRAHYDROIMIDAZO[4,5 C]PYRIDINE 6 CARBOXYLIC ACID; ANGIOTENSIN; ANGIOTENSIN 2 RECEPTOR; LOSARTAN; NEUROMODULIN; NICOTINOYLTYROSYL(N BENZYLOXYCARBONYLARGINYL)LYSYLHISTIDYLPROLYLISOLEUCINE; RENIN; RNA;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL TISSUE; APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; NERVE FIBER; NERVE FIBER GROWTH; NERVE FIBER REGENERATION; NEWBORN; NONHUMAN; OPTIC NERVE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SPINAL GANGLION;

ANGIOTENSIN II; ANIMALS; AXONS; CELLS, CULTURED; FEMALE; GANGLIA, SPINAL; NERVE REGENERATION; NEURITES; OPTIC NERVE; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RATS; RATS, WISTAR; RECEPTOR, ANGIOTENSIN, TYPE 2; RECEPTORS, ANGIOTENSIN; RETINAL GANGLION CELLS;

EID: 0032541392     PISSN: 00221007     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1084/jem.188.4.661     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Unger, T., O. Chung, T. Csikos, J. Culman, S. Gallinat, P. Gohlke, S. Höhle, S. Meffert, M. Stoll, U. Stroth, and Y.-Z. Zhu. 1996. Angiotensin receptors. J. Hypertens. 14:s95-103.
2. Timmermans, P.B., P.C. Wong, A.T. Chiu, W.F. Herblin, P. Benfield, D.J. Carini, R.J. Lee, R.R. Wexler, J.A. Saye, and R.D. Smith. 1993. Angiotensin II receptors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Pharmacol. Rev. 43:205-251.
3. 2 receptor mediates inhibition of cell proliferation in coronary endothelial cells. J. Clin. Invest. 95:651-657.
4. Munzenmaier, D.H., and A.S. Greene. 1996. Opposing actions of angiotensin II on microvascular growth and arterial blood pressure. Hypertension (Dallas). 27:760-765.
5. 1 receptor: gain-of-function study using gene transfer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92:10663-10667.
6. 2 receptor inhibits proliferation and promotes differentiation in PC12W cells. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 122:59-67.
7. 2 angiotensin II receptor subtypes in the brain during development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 88:11440-11444.
8. 2) in the rat brain. Am. J. Physiol. 216:209-216.
9. 2 receptors in the developing rat fetus. J. Clin. Invest. 88:921-923.
10. Nio, Y., H. Matsubara, S. Murasawa, M. Kanasaki, and M. Inada. 1995. Regulation of gene transcription of angiotensin II receptor subtypes in myocardial infarction. J. Clin. Invest. 95:46-54.
11. 2 receptors in the rat brain during wound healing. Peptides. 13:783-786.
12. Gallinat, S., M.H. Yu, Y.-Z. Zhu, T. Herdegen, and T. Unger. 1997. Up-regulation of angiotensin receptors after myocardial infarction and sciatic nerve transection. Hypertension (Dallas). 30:999. (Abstr.)
13. 2) receptor in R3T3 cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 228:825-830.
14. 2 receptor down-regulates neurofilament M in PC12W cells. Neurosci. Lett. 277:29-32.
15. 2 receptor. Mol. Brain Res. 53:187-195.
16. 2 receptors in NG108-15 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 271:22729-22735.
17. Yamada, T., M. Horiuchi, and V.J. Dzau. 1996. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor mediates programmed cell death. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93:156-160.
18. Tanaka, M., J. Ohnishi, Y. Ozawa, M. Sugimoto, S. Usuki, and M. Naruse. 1995. Characterization of angiotensin II receptor type 2 during differentiation and apoptosis of rat ovarian cultured granulosa cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 207:593-598.
19. Shewan D., M. Berry, and J. Cohen. 1995. Extensive regeneration in vitro by early embryonic neurons on mature and adult CNS tissue. J. Neurosci. 15:2057-2062.
20. Schwab, M., J.P. Kapfhammer, and C.E. Bandtlow. 1993. Inhibitors of neunte growth. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 16:565-595.
21. Björklund, A., and U. Stenevi, editors. 1985. Neural Grafting in the Mammalian CNS. Elsevier. Amsterdam. 700 pp.
22. Aguayo, A.J. 1985. Axonal regeneration from injured neurons in the adult mammalian nervous system. In Synaptic Plasticity. C.W. Cotman, editor. Guilford Press, New York. 457-484.
23. Hausmann, B., J. Sievers, J. Hermanns, and M. Berry. 1989. Regeneration of axons from the adult rat optic nerve: influence of fetal brain grafts, laminin and artificial basement membrane. J. Comp. Neurol. 281:447-466.
24. David, S., and A.J. Aguayo. 1981. Axonal elongation into peripheral nervous system "bridges" after central nervous system injury in adult rats. Science. 214:931-933.
25. Kohler, K., T. Wheeler-Schilling, B. Jurklies, E. Guenther, and E. Zrenner. 1997. Angiotensin II in the rabbit retina. Vis. Neurosci. 14:63-71.
26. Guenther, E., S. Schmid, B. Hewig, and K. Kohler. 1996. Dual effects of angiotensin II on voltage-dependent calcium currents in rat retinal ganglion cells. Brain Res. 718:112-116.
27. Thanos, S., M. Bahr, Y.A. Barde, and J. Vanselow. 1989. Survival and axonal elongation of adult retinal ganglion cells: in vitro effects of lesioned sciatic nerve and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Eur. J. Neurosci. 1:19-26.
28. Bähr, M., J.M. Hopkins, and R.P. Bunge. 1991. In vitro myelination of regenerating adult rat retinal ganglion cell axons by Schwann cells. Glia. 4:529-533.
29. Lucius, R., H.P. Young, S. Tidow, and J. Sievers. 1996. Growth stimulation and chemotropic attraction of rat retinal ganglion cell axons in vitro by co-cultured optic nerves, astrocytes and astrocyte conditioned medium. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 14:387-398.
30. Lucius, R., and J. Sievers. 1996. Postnatal retinal ganglion cells in vitro: protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced axonal degeneration by cocultured astrocytes. Brain Res. 743:56-62.
31. Barnstable, C.J., and U.C. Drager. 1984. Thy-1 antigen: a ganglion specific cell marker in rodent retina. Neuroscience. 11:847-855.
32. Brechler, V., P.W. Jones, N.R. Levens, M. de Gasparo, and S.P. Bottari. 1993. Agonistic and antagonistic properties of angiotensin analogs at the AT2 receptor in PC12W cells. Regul. Pept. 44:207-213.
33. David, S., C. Bonchard, and O. Tsatas. 1990. Macrophages can modify the non-permissive nature of the adult mammalian central nervous system. Neuron. 5:463-469.
34. Berry, M., J. Carlile, and A. Hunter. 1996. Peripheral nerve explants grafted into the vitreous body of the eye promote the regeneration of retinal ganglion cell axons severed in the optic nerve. J. Neurocytol. 25:147-170.
35. Allcutt, D., M. Berry, and J. Sievers. 1984. A quantitative comparison of the reaction of retinal ganglion cells to optic nerve crush in neonatal and adult mice. Brain Res. 16:219-230.
36. Allcutt, D., M. Berry, and J. Sievers. 1984. A qualitative comparison of the reaction of retinal ganglion cells to optic nerve crush in neonatal and adult mice. Brain Res. 16:231-240.
37. Wodarczyk, L., V.K. Merrill, and G.W. Perry. 1997. Differential regulation of fast axonally transported proteins during the early response of rat retinal ganglion cells to axotomy. J. Neurochem. 68:1114-1123.
38. Meyer, R.L., J.A. Miotke, and L.I. Benowitz. 1994. Injury induced expression of growth-associated protein GAP-43 in adult mouse retinal ganglion cells in vitro. Neuroscience. 63: 591-602.
39. Campbell, G., P.N. Anderson, M. Turmaine, and A.R. Lieberman. 1991. GAP-43 in the axons of mammalian CNS neurons regenerating into peripheral nerve grafts. Exp. Brain Res. 87:67-74.
40. Schaden, H., C.A. Stuermer, and M. Baehr. 1994. GAP-43 immunoreactivity and axon regeneration in retinal ganglion cells of the rat. J. Neurobiol. 25:1570-1578.
41. Aigner, L., S. Arber, J.P. Kapfhammer, T. Laux, C. Schneider, F. Botteri, H.R. Brenner, and P. Caroni. 1995. Overexpression of the neural growth-associated protein GAP-43 induces nerve sprouting in the adult nervous system of transgenic mice. Cell. 83:269-278.
42. Aigner L., and P. Caroni. 1995. Absence of persistent sprouting, branching, and adhesion in GAP-43-depleted growth cones. J. Cell Biol. 128:647-660.
43. Doster, S.K., A.M. Lozano, A.J. Aguayo, and M.B. Willard. 1991. Expression of the growth-associated protein GAP-43 in adult rat retinal ganglion cells following axon injury. Neuron. 6:635-647.
44. Fernandez, L.A., J. Twickler, and A. Mead. 1985. Neovascularization produced by angiotensin II. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 105: 141-145.
45. Le Noble, F.A., N.H. Schreurs, H.W. van Straaten, D.W. Slaaf, J.F. Smits, H. Rogg, and H.A. Struijker-Boudier. 1993. Evidence for a novel angiotensin II receptor involved in angiogenesis in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane. Am. J. Physiol. 264:R460-R465.
46. Gohlke, P., I. Kuwer, A. Schnell, K. Amann, G. Mall, and T. Unger. 1997. Blockade of bradykinin B2 receptors prevents the increase in capillary density induced by chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension (Dallas). 29: 478-482.
47. Kimura, B., C. Sumners, and M.I. Phillips. 1992. Changes in skin angiotensin II receptors in rats during wound healing. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 187:1083-1090.
48. Bleuel, A., M. de Gasparo, S. Whitebread, I. Puttner, and D. Monard. 1995. Regulation of protease nexin-1 expression in cultured Schwann cells is mediated by angiotensin II receptors. J. Neurosci. 15:750-761.
49. Nahmias, C., and A.D. Strosberg. 1995. The angiotensin AT2 receptor: searching for signal-transduction pathways and physiological function. TIPS (Trends Pharmacol. Sci.). 16: 223-225.
50. Farlie, P.G., R. Dringen, S.M. Rees, G. Kannourakis, and O. Bernard. 1995. bcl-2 transgene expression can protect neurons against developmental and induced cell death. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92:4397-4401.
51. Lawrence, M.S., D.Y. Ho, G.H. Sun, G.K. Steinberg, and K.M. Sapolsky. 1996. Overexpression of Bcl-2 with Herpes simplex virus vectors protects CNS neurons against neurological insults in vitro and in vivo. J. Neurosci. 16:486-496.
52. Chen, D., G.E. Schneider, J.C. Martinou, and S. Tonegawa. 1997. Bcl-2 promotes regeneration of severed axons in mammalian CNS. Nature. 385:434-439.
53. Horiuchi, M., W. Hayashida, T. Kambe, T. Yamada, and V.J. Dzau. 1997. Angiotensin type 2 receptor dephosphorylates Bcl-2 by activating mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 and induces apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 19022-19026.
54. Herdegen, T., P. Skene, and M. Bähr. 1997. The c-Jun transcription factor - bipotential mediator of neuronal death, survival and regeneration. TINS (Trends Neurosci.). 20:227-231.