Discordant organ xenotransplantation in primates: World experience and current status

Transplantation

Volumn 66, Issue 5, 1998, Pages 547-561

  Lambrigts, Denis ^a,b   Sachs, David H ^a   Cooper, David K C ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LIÈGE   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BABOON; GENETIC ENGINEERING; GRAFT REJECTION; GRAFT VERSUS HOST REACTION; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; LYMPHOCYTE DEPLETION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SPLENECTOMY; SWINE; TRANSGENIC ANIMAL; TREATMENT PLANNING; XENOTRANSPLANTATION;

ANIMALS; CERCOPITHECINAE; GRAFT REJECTION; HEART TRANSPLANTATION; HUMANS; KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; LUNG TRANSPLANTATION; SWINE; TRANSPLANTATION, HETEROLOGOUS;

EID: 0032530610     PISSN: 00411337     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199809150-00001     Document Type: Review

References (173)

1. Cooper DKC, Ye Y, Rolf LL Jr, Zuhdi N. The pig as potential organ donor for man. In: Cooper DKC, Kemp E, Reemtsma K, White DJG. Xenotransplantation, 1st ed. Heidelberg: Springer, 1991: 481.
2. Sachs DH. The pig as a potential xenograft donor. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1994; 43: 185.
3. Sachs DH. The pig as a xenograft donor. Pathol Biol 1994; 42: 217.
4. Calne RY. Organ transplantation between widely disparate species. Transplant Proc 1970; 2: 550.
5. Galili U, Shohet SB, Kobrin E, Stults CLM, Macher BA. Man, apes and Old World monkeys differ from other mammals in the expression of α-galactosyl epitopes on nucleated cells. J Biol Chem 1988; 263, 17755.
6. Oriol R, Ye Y, Koren E, Cooper DKC. Carbohydrate antigens of pig tissues reacting with human natural antibodies as potential targets for hyperacute vascular rejection in pig-to-man organ xenotransplantation. Transplantation 1993; 56, 1433.
7. Oriol R, Candelier JJ, Taniguchi S, Peters L, Cooper DKC. Major oligosaccharide epitopes found in tissues of 23 animal species, potential donors for organ xenotransplantation. Transplant Proc 1996; 28: 794.
8. Good AH, Cooper DKC, Malcolm AJ, et al. Identification of carbohydrate structures that bind human anti-porcine antibodies: implications for discordant xenografting in humans. Transplant Proc 1992; 24, 559.
9. Cooper DKC, Good AH, Koren E, et al. Identification of αgalactosyl and other carbohydrate epitopes that are bound by human anti-pig antibodies: relevance to discordant xenografting in man. Transpl Immunol 1993; 1: 198.
10. Sandrin MS, Vaughan HA, Dabkowski PL, McKenzie IFC. Anti-pig IgM antibodies in human serum react predominantly with Galα(1-3)Gal epitopes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90: 11391
11. Galili U. Interaction of the natural anti-Gal antibody with αgalactosyl epitopes: a major obstacle for xenotransplantation in humans. Immunol Today 1993; 14: 480.
12. White DJG. hDAF transgenic pig organs: are they concordant for human transplantation? Xeno 1996; 4: 50.
13. Zaidi A, Friend P, Schmoeckel M, et al. Hyperacute rejection is not consistent after pig to primate renal xenotransplantation [Abstract 053]. Paper presented at the Fourth International Congress for Xenotransplantation, Nantes, France, 1997.
14. Alexandre GPJ, Gianello P, Latinne D, et al. Plasmapheresis and splenectomy in experimental renal xenotransplantation. In: Hardy MA, ed. Xenograft 25. 1989: 259.
15. Gianello PR, Latinne D, Alexandre GPJ. Pig-to-baboon renal xenografts. Xeno 1995; 3: 26.
16. Neethling FA, Koren E, Ye Y, et al. Protection of pig kidney (PK15) cells from the cytotoxic effect of anti-pig antibodies by α-galactosyl oligosaccharides. Transplantation 1994; 57: 959
17. Neethling FA, Joziasse D, Bovin N, Cooper DKC, Oriol R. The reducing end of αGal oligosaccharides contributes to their efficiency in blocking natural antibodies of human and baboon sera. Transpl Int 1996; 9: 98.
18. Neethling FA, Kujundzic M, Koren E, Cooper DKC. Variability of anti-αGal antibodies in human and baboon sera [Abstract 147]. J Heart Lung Transplant 1995; 14: S72.
19. Ohta K, Tanaka N, Orita K. Discordant liver xenograft transplantation. Transplant Proc 1994; 26: 2435.
20. Taniguchi S, Neethling FA, Kobayashi T, et al. The ratite (ostrich, emu) as potential heart donors for humans: immunologic considerations. Transplant Proc 1996; 28: 561.
21. Taniguchi S, Neethling FA, Oriol R, et al. Ratites (ostrich, emu) as potential heart donors for human: immunologic, anatomic, and physiologic considerations. Xenotransplantation 1996; 3, 252.
22. Dalmasso AP, Vercellotti GM, Fischel RJ, et al. Mechanism of complement activation in the hyperacute rejection of porcine organs transplanted into primate recipients. Am J Pathol 1992; 140: 1157.
23. Collins BH, Cotterell AH, McCurry KR, et al. Cardiac xenografts between primate species provide evidence for the α-galactosyl determinant in hyperacute rejection. J Immunol 1995; 154: 5500.
24. Rose AG, Cooper DKC, Human PA, Reichenspurner H, Reichart B. Histopathology of hyperacute rejection of the heart: experimental and clinical observations in allografts and xenografts. J Heart Transplant 1991; 10: 223.
25. Rose AG, Cooper DKC. A histopathologic grading system of hyperacute (humoral, antibody-mediated) cardiac xenografts and allograft rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 1996; 15: 804.
26. Rose AG. Histopathology of cardiac xenograft rejection. In: Cooper DKC, Kemp E, Platt JL, White DJG. Xenotransplantation, 2nd ed. Heidelberg: Springer, 1997: 255.
27. Makowka L, Cramer DV, Hoffman A, Sher L, Podesta L. Pig liver xenografts as a temporary bridge for human allografting. Xeno 1993; 1: 27.
28. Makowka L, Wu GD, Hoffman A, et al. Immunohistopathologic lesions associated with the rejection of a pig-to-human liver xenograft. Transplant Proc 1994; 26: 1074.
29. Makowka L, Cramer DV, Hoffman A, et al. The use of a pig liver xenograft for temporary support of a patient with fulminant hepatic failure. Transplantation 1995; 59: 1654.
30. Luo Y, Mieles L, Kosanke S, Cooper DKC. Histopathology of liver xenotransplantation in the nonhuman primate. In: Cooper DKC, Kemp E, eds. Xenotransplantation, 2nd ed. Heidelberg: Springer, 1997: 286.
31. 30a. Kozlowski T, Shimizu A, Lambrigts D, et al. Porcine organ transplantation in baboons undergoing a tolerance induction regimen and antibody adsorption. Transplantation (in press).
32. Shimizu A, Kozlowski T, Ierino FL, Cooper DKC, Sachs DH, Colvin RB. Widespread destruction of vascular capillary network with endothelial cell apoptosis in delayed xenograft rejection [Abstract P293]. Paper presented at the Fourth International Congress on Xenotransplantation, Nantes, France, 1997.
33. Shah AS, O'Hair DP, Kaplon RJ, et al. Absence of hyperacute rejection in pig-to-primate double lung xenografts [Abstract 188]. J Heart Lung Transplant 1995; 14: S83.
34. Shah AS, Itescu S, Michler RE. Immunobiology of pig-to-baboon lung xenotransplantation. In: Cooper DKC, Kemp E, eds. Xenotransplantation, 2nd ed. Heidelberg: Springer, 1997: 456.
35. Pierson RN III, Pino-Chavez G. Experimental lung xenografting. In: Cooper DKC, Kemp E, eds. Xenotransplantation, 2nd ed. Heidelberg: Springer, 1997: 463.
36. Platt JL, Fischel RJ, Matas AJ, Reif SA, Bolman RM, Bach FH. Immunopathology of hyperacute xenograft rejection in a swine-to-primate model. Transplantation 1991; 52: 214.
37. Hancock WW. Immunopathology of discordant xenograft rejection. In: Cooper DKC, Kemp E, eds. Xenotransplantation, 2nd ed. Heidelberg: Springer, 1997: 303.
38. Yeatman M, Daggett CW, Parker WR, Davis RD, Platt JL. Immunopathology of swine-to-primate pulmonary xenotransplantation [Abstract P317]. Paper presented at the Fourth International Congress for Xenotransplantation, Nantes, France, 1997.
39. Taniguchi S, Cooper DKC. Clinical xenotransplantation: past, present and future. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1997; 79: 13.
40. Auchincloss H Jr. Xenogeneic transplantation. Transplantation 1988; 46: 1.
41. Ye Y, Cooper DKC. Experimental xenotransplantation in nonhuman primates using distantly related donor species. In: Cooper DKC, et al., eds. Xenotransplantation, 1st ed. Heidelberg: Springer, 1991: 389.
42. Bach FH, Robson SC, Winkler H, et al. Barriers to xenotransplantation. Nat Med 1995; 1: 869.
43. Bach FH, Winkler H, Ferran C, Hancock WW, Robson SC. Delayed xenograft rejection. Immunol Today 1996; 17: 379.
44. Goodman DJ, Millan MT, Ferran C, Bach FH. Mechanisms of delayed xenograft rejection. In: Cooper DKC, Kemp E, eds. Xenotransplantation, 2nd ed. Heidelberg: Springer, 1997: 77.
45. Auchincloss H Jr. Why is cell-mediated xenograft rejection so strong? Xeno 1995; 3: 19.
46. Moses RD, Auchincloss H Jr. Mechanisms of cellular xenograft rejection. In: Cooper DKC, Kemp E, eds. Xenotransplantation, 2nd ed. Heidelberg: Springer, 1997: 140.
47. Cooper DKC, Koren E, Oriol R. Genetically engineered pigs. Lancet 1993; 342: 682.
48. Sandrin MS, Fodor WL, Mouhtouris E, et al. Enzymatic remodeling of the carbohydrate surface of a xenogenic cell substantially reduces human antibody binding and complement-mediated cytolysis. Nat Med 1995; 1: 1261.
49. Koike C, Hayashi S, Yokoyami I, et al. Converting αGal epitope of pig into H antigen. Transplant Proc 1996; 28: 553.
50. Koike C, Kannagi R, Takuma Y, et al. Introduction of α(1,2)-fucosyltransferase and its effect on αGal epitopes in transgenic pig. Xenotransplantation 1996; 3: 81.
51. Sharma A, Okabe JF, Burch P, Platt JL, Logan JS. Reduction in the level of Gal(alpha1,3) Gal in transgenic mice and pigs by the expression of an alpha(1,2) fucosyltransferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93:7190.
52. Shinkel TA, Chen C-G, Salvaris E, et al. Changes in cell surface glycosylation in α1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout and α1,2-fucosyltransferase transgenic mice. Transplantation 1997; 64:197.
53. Sandrin MS, Fodor WL, Mouhtouris E, et al. Enzymatic remodeling of the carbohydrate surface of a xenogenic cell substantially reduces human antibody binding and complement-mediated cytolysis. Nat Med 1995; 1: 1261.
54. Bach FH, Turman MA, Vercellotti GM, Platt JL, Dalmasso AP. Accommodation: a working paradigm for progressing toward clinical discordant xenografting. Transplant Proc 1991; 23: 205.
55. Bach FH, Platt JL, Cooper DKC. Accommodation: the role of natural antibody and complement in discordant xenograft rejection. In: Cooper DKC, et al., eds. Xenotransplantation, 1st ed. Heidelberg: Springer, 1991: 82.
56. Alexandre GP, Squifflet JP, De Bruyere M, et al. Splenectomy as a prerequisite for successful human ABO-incompatible renal transplantation. Transplant Proc 1985; 17: 138.
57. Alexandre GPJ, Squifflet JP, De Bruyere M, et al. Present experiences in a series of 26 ABO-incompatible living donor renal allografts. Transplant Proc 1987; 19: 4538.
58. Palmer A, Taube D, Welsh K, et al. Removal of anti-HLA antibodies by extracorporeal immunoadsorption to enable renal transplantation. Lancet 1989; 1: 10.
59. Cooper DKC, Ye Y, Niekrasz M, et al. Specific intravenous carbohydrate therapy - a new concept in inhibiting antibody-mediated rejection: experience with ABO-incompatible cardiac allografting in the baboon. Transplantation 1993; 56: 769.
60. Lexer GH, Cooper DKC, Wicomb WN. Cardiac transplantation using discordant xenografts in a nonhuman primate model. Transplant Proc 1987; 19: 1153.
61. Cooper DKC, Human PA, Lexer G, Rose AG, Rees J, Keraan M, DuToit E. Effects of cyclosporine and antibody adsorption on pig cardiac xenograft survival in the baboon. J Heart Transplant 1988; 7: 238.
62. Meyer C, Romain N, Ravanat C, et al., Porcine kidney grafts with Von Willebrand disease transplanted in baboons [Abstract 0194]. Paper presented at the Fourth International Congress for Xenotransplantation, Nantes, France, 1997.
63. Calne RY, White HJO, Herbertson BM, et al. Pig-to-baboon liver xenografts. Lancet 1968; 1: 1176.
64. Calne RY, Davis DR, Pena JR, et al. Hepatic allografts and xenografts in primates. Lancet 1970; 1: 103.
65. Kozlowski T, Monroy R, Xu Y, et al. Anti-αGal antibody response to porcine bone marrow in unmodified baboons an baboons conditioned for tolerance induction. Transplantation 1998; 66: 176.
66. Kobayashi T, Taniguchi S, Ye Y, et al. Delayed xenograft rejection in C3-depleted discordant (pig-to-baboon) cardiac xenografts treated with cobra venom factor. Transplant Proc 1990; 28: 560.
67. Kobayashi T, Taniguchi S, Neethling FA, et al. Delayed xenograft rejection of pig-to-baboon cardiac transplants after cobra venom factor therapy. Transplantation 1997; 64: 1255.
68. Fukushima N, Bouchart F, Gundry SR, et al. The role of ant pig antibody in pig-to-baboon cardiac xenotransplant rejection. Transplantation 1994; 57: 923.
69. Matsumiya G, Gundry SR, Nehlsen-Cannarella S, et al. Serum interleukin-6 level after cardiac xenotransplantation in primates. Transplant Proc 1997; 29: 916.
70. Zaidi A, Bhatti FNK, Schmoeckel M, et al. Immunosuppressive effect of splenectomy on hDAF transgenic pig to primate renal xenotransplantation [Abstract]. Paper presented to the British Transplantation Society, October 1997.
71. Michler RE, Yano OJ, Xu H, et al. Prolonged survival of p pulmonary xenografts in unmodified primate recipients [Abstract 53]. J Heart Lung Transplant 1993; 12: S78.
72. Kaplon RJ, Platt JL, Kwiatkowski PA, et al. Absence of hype acute rejection in pig-to-primate orthotopic pulmonary xenografts. Transplantation 1995; 59: 410.
73. Yeatman M, Daggett CW, Byrne GW, Logan JS, Platt JL, Dave RD. Complement-mediated pulmonary xenograft injury [Abstract 283]. J Heart Lung Transplant 1997; 16: 111.
74. Yeatman M, Daggett CW, Platt JL, Davis RD. Depletion complement delays but does not prevent acute pulmonary xenograft injury [Abstract P116]. Paper presented at the Fourth International Congress for Xenotransplantation Nantes, France, 1997.
75. Blum M, Chang A, Collins B, Knaus S, Christman B, Pierson RN. The effect of nitric oxide and thromboxane blockade on pulmonary vascular resistance in a pig to primate lung transplant model [Abstract 290]. Paper presented at the Four International Congress for Xenotransplantation, Nantes France 1997.
76. Kaplon RJ, Michler RE, Xu H, Kwiatkowski PA, Edwards NI Platt JL. Absence of hyperacute rejection in newborn pig-to-baboon cardiac xenografts. Transplantation 1995; 59: 1.
77. Minanov OP, Itescu S, Kwiatkowski P, et al. Effects of trip immunosuppression in pig-to-newborn baboon cardiac xenotransplantation [Abstract 279]. J Heart Lung Transplant 1997; 16: 110.
78. Minanov OP, Itescu S, Neethling FA, et al. Anti-Gal IgG antibodies in sera of newborn humans and baboons and its significance in pig xenotransplantation. Transplantation 199 63: 182.
79. Michler RE, Xu H, O'Hair DP, et al. Newborn discordant cardiac xenotransplantation in primates: a model of natural antibody depletion. Transplant Proc 1996; 28: 651.
80. Neethling F, Cooper DKC, Xu H, Michler RE. Newborn baboon serum anti-αgalactosyl antibody levels and cytotoxicity cultured pig kidney (PK15) cells [Letter]. Transplantation 1995; 60: 520.
81. Galili U, Minanov OP, Michler RE, Stone KR. High affini anti-Gal IgG in chronic rejection of xenografts. Xenotransplantation 1997; 4: 127.
82. Minanov OP, Artrip JH, Szabolcs M, et al. Effects of trip immunosuppression in pig-to-newborn baboon cardiac xenotransplantation [Abstract 289]. Paper presented at the Fourth International Congress for Xenotransplantation Nantes, France, 1997.
83. Kawauchi M, Nakajima J, Takeda M, Ono M, Lee M-C, Oka When in the infancy hyperacute rejection against pig hea occurs? [Abstract P301] Paper presented at the Fourth International Congress for Xenotransplantation, Nantes, France, 1997.
84. Fischel RJ, Bolman RM, Platt JL, et al. Removal of IgM anti-endothelial antibodies results in prolonged cardiac xenograft survival. Transplant Proc 1990; 22, 1077.
85. Fischel RJ, Platt JL, Matas AJ, et al. Prolonged survival of a discordant cardiac xenograft in a rhesus monkey. Transplant Proc 1991; 23: 589.
86. Fischel RJ, Matas AJ, Platt JL, et al. Cardiac xenografting in the pig-to-rhesus monkey model: manipulation of antiendothelial antibody prolongs survival. J Heart Lung Transplant 1992; 11: 965.
87. Dalmasso AP, Vercellotti GM, Fischel RJ, et al. Mechanism of complement activation in the hyperacute rejection of porcine organs transplanted into primate recipients. Am J Pathol 1992; 140: 1157.
88. Fischel RJ, Matas AJ, Perty E, et al. Plasma exchange, organ perfusion, and immunosuppression reduce "natural" antibody levels as measured by binding to xenogeneic endothelial cells and prolong discordant xenograft survival. Transplant Proc 1992; 24: 574.
89. Roslin MS, Zisbrod Z, Burack JH, et al. Fifteen-day survival in pig-to-baboon heterotopic cardiac Xenotransplantation. Transplant Proc 1992; 24: 572.
90. Xu H, Hancock WW, Matsumiya G, et al. Inhibition of natural anti-Gal antibody production in a pig-to-baboon cardiac xenograft model by total lymphoid irradiation [Abstract 267]. Paper presented at the Fourth International Congress for Xenotransplantation, Nantes, France, 1997.
91. Kawauchi M, Takeda M, Matsumoto J, Furuse A. Cardiac Xenotransplantation from pig to Japanese monkey with splenectomy, tacrolimus, filtration plasmapheresis and nafamstat mesilate. Transplant Proc 1994; 26: 1076.
92. Sablinski T, Latinne D, Gianello P, et al. Xenotransplantation of pig kidneys to nonhuman primates: I. Development of the model. Xenotransplantation 1995; 2: 264.
93. Tanaka M, Latinne D, Gianello P, et al. Xenotransplantation from pig to cynomolgus monkey: the potential for overcoming xenograft rejection through induction of chimerism. Transplant Proc 1994; 26: 1326.
94. Latinne D, Gianello P, Smith CV, et al. Xenotransplantation from pig to cynomolgus monkey: an approach toward tolerance induction. Transplant Proc 1993; 25: 336.
95. Sablinski T, Gianello PR, Bailin M, et al. Pig-to-monkey bone marrow and kidney Xenotransplantation. Surgery 1997; 121: 381.
96. Kozlowski T, Fuchimoto Y, Monroy R, et al. Apheresis and column absorption for specific removal of Gal-α-1,3Gal natural antibodies in a pig-to-baboon model. Transplant Proc 1997; 29: 961.
97. Leventhal JR, John R, Fryer JP, et al. Removal of baboon and human anti-porcine IgG and IgM natural antibodies by immunoadsorption. Transplantation 1995; 59: 294.
98. Taniguchi S, Neethling FA, Korchagina EY, et al. In vivo immunoadsorption of anti-pig antibodies in baboons using a specific Galα1-3Gal column. Transplantation 1996; 62: 1379.
99. 97a. Kozlowski T, Ierino FL, Lambrigts D, et al. Depletion of anti-Galα1-3Gal antibody in baboons by specific immunoaffinity columns. Xenotransplantation 1998; 5:122.
100. Cooper DKC, Cairns TDH, Taube DH. Extracorporeal immunoadsorption of anti-pig antibody in baboons using αGal oligosaccharide immunoaffinity columns. Xeno 1996; 4: 27.
101. 98a. Lambrigts D, Van Calster P, Xu Y, et al. Pharmacologic immunosuppressive therapy and extracorporeal immunoadsorption in the suppression of anti-αGal antibody in the baboon. Xenotransplantation 1998; (in press).
102. Lin SS, Byrne GW, Diamond LE, et al. The role of antibodies in the pathogenesis of acute vascular xenograft rejection [Abstract 049]. Paper presented at the Fourth International Congress for Xenotransplantation, Nantes, France, 1997.
103. Kroshus TJ, Salerno CT, Fodor WL, Dalmasso AP, Bolman RM. Expression of human CD59 in combination with antibody depletion extends survival in orthotopic pig-to-baboon heart transplantation [Abstract 051], Paper presented at the Fourth International Congress for Xenotransplantation, Nantes, France, 1997.
104. Kroshus TJ, Salerno CT, Dalmasso AP, Fodor WL, Bolman RM. Expression of human CD59 in transgenic pig hearts extends survival in an orthotopic pig-to-baboon model of heart transplantation [Abstract 281]. J Heart Lung Transplant 1997; 16: 111.
105. Daggett CW, Yeatman M, Lodge AJ, et al. Swine-to-primate pulmonary Xenotransplantation: genetically engineered swine and immuno-depletion [Abstract 050], Paper presented at the Fourth International Congress for Xenotransplantation, Nantes, France, 1997.
106. Cooper DKC, Ye Y, Kehoe M, et al. A novel approach to "neutralization" of preformed antibodies: cardiac allotransplantation across the ABO-blood group barrier as a paradigm of discordant Xenotransplantation. Transplant Proc 1992; 24: 566.
107. Ye Y, Neethling FA, Niekrasz M, et al. Intravenous administration of α-galactosyl carbohydrates reduces in vivo baboon serum cytotoxicity to pig kidney cells and transplanted pig hearts. Transplant Proc 1994; 26: 1399.
108. Ye Y, Neethling FA, Niekrasz M, et al. Evidence that intravenously administered α-galactosyl carbohydrates reduce serum cytotoxicity to pig kidney cells (PK15) and transplanted pig hearts. Transplantation 1994; 58: 330.
109. Simon PM, Neethling FA, Taniguchi S, et al. Intravenous infusion of αGal oligosaccharides in baboons delays hyperacute rejection of porcine heart xenografts. Transplantation 1998; 65: 346.
110. Neethling FA, Simon PM, Zopf D, Cooper DKC. Delay of antibody-mediated rejection of pig heart transplants in baboons by continuous intravenous infusion with αgalactosyl oligosaccharide [Abstract 73]. J Heart Lung Transplant 1997; 16: 59.
111. Simon PM, Goode PL, Zopf D, et al. Inhibition of hyperacute rejection of heterotopic porcine heart xenografts in baboons by intravenous infusion of αGal-tri- and pentasaccharides [Abstract P233]. Paper presented at the Fourth International Congress for Xenotransplantation, Nantes, France, 1997.
112. Romano EL, Neethling FA, Nelsson KGI, Magnusson S, Cooper DKC. Intravenous Gala saccharides for the prevention of hyperacute rejection of pig heart to baboon transplantation [Abstract 302]. Paper presented at the Fourth International Congress for Xenotransplantation, Nantes, France, 1997.
113. Dalmasso AP, Vercellotti GM, Platt JL, Bach FH. Inhibition of complement-mediated endothelial cell cytotoxicity by decay accelerating factor: potential for prevention of xenograft hyperacute rejection. Transplantation 1991; 52: 530.
114. Dalmasso AP, Bach FH. Expression of human regulators of complement activation on pig endothelial cells. Xeno 1996; 4: 55.
115. Cozzi E, Yanoutsos N, Langford GA, Pino-Chavez G, Wallwork J, White DJG. Effect of transgenic expression of human decay accelerating factor on the inhibition of hyperacute rejection of pig organs. In: Cooper DKC, Kemp E, eds. Xenotransplantation, 2nd ed. Heidelberg: Springer, 1997: 665.
116. Leventhal JR, Dalmasso AP, Cromwell JW, et al. Prolongation of cardiac xenograft survival by depletion of complement. Transplantation 1993; 55: 857.
117. Leventhal JR, Sakiyalak P, Witson J, et al. The synergistic effect of combined antibody and complement depletion on discordant cardiac xenograft survival in nonhuman primates. Transplantation 1994; 57: 974
118. Leventhal JR, Dalmasso AP, Cromwell JW, Manivel CJ, Bolman RM, Matas AJ. Complement depletion prolongs discordant cardiac xenograft survival in rodents and nonhuman primates. Transplant Proc 1993; 25: 398.
119. Pruitt SK, Kirk AD, Bollinger RR, et al. The effect of soluble complement receptor type I on hyperacute rejection of porcine xenografts. Transplantation 1994; 57: 363.
120. Pruitt SK, Bollinger RR, Collins BH, et al. Continuous complement (C) inhibition using soluble C receptor type I (sCR1): effect on hyperacute rejection (HAR) of pig-to-primate cardiac xenografts. Transplant Proc 1996; 28: 756.
121. Sanfilippo F. Exogenous complement inhibition in xenotransplantation. Xeno 1996; 4: 46.
122. Davis EA, Pruitt SK, Greene PS, et al. Inhibition of complement, evoked antibody, and cellular response prevents rejection of pig-to-primate cardiac xenografts. Transplantation 1996; 62: 1018.
123. Pruitt SK, Bollinger RR, Collins BH, et al. Effect of continuous complement inhibition using soluble complement receptor type I on survival of pig-to-primate xenografts. Transplantation 1997; 63: 900.
124. Davis EA, Jakobs F, Pruitt SK, et al. Overcoming rejection in pig-to-primate cardiac xenotransplantation. Transplant Proc 1997; 29: 938.
125. Marsh HC Jr, Ryan US. Therapeutic effect of soluble complement receptor type I in xenotransplantation. In: Cooper DKC, Kemp E, eds. Xenotransplantation, 2nd ed. Heidelberg: Springer, 1997: 437.
126. Kobayashi T, Kemp E, Cooper DKC. Prolongation of discordant xenograft survival by cobra venom factor. In: Cooper DKC, Kemp E, eds. Xenotransplantation, 2nd ed. Heidelberg: Springer, 1997: 425.
127. Taniguchi S, Kobayashi T, Neethling FA, et al. Cobra venom factor stimulates anti-αgalactose antibody production in baboons: implications for pig-to-human xenotransplantation. Transplantation 1996; 62: 678.
128. Bollinger RR. The potential of xenotransplants. Transplant Proc 1996; 28: 2024.
129. Kobayashi T, Neethling FA, Koren E, et al. In vitro and in vivo investigation of anticomplement agents FUT-175 and K76COOH in the prevention of hyperacute rejection following discordant xenotransplantation in a nonhuman primate model. Transplant Proc 1996; 28: 604.
130. Kobayashi T, Neethling FA, Taniguchi S, et al. Investigation of anti-complement agents, FUT-175 and K76COOH, in discordant xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 1996; 3: 237.
131. Magee JC, Collins BH, Harland RC, et al. Immunoglobulin prevents complement-mediated hyperacute rejection in swine-to-primate xenotransplantation. J Clin Invest 1995; 96: 2404.
132. Salerno CT, Dalmasso AP, Kroshus TJ, et al. A soluble chimeric complement inhibitor of C3- and C5-convertases prolongs xenograft survival in pig-to-primate cardiac transplantation [Abstract 048] Paper presented at the Fourth International Congress for Xenotransplantation, Nantes, France, 1997.
133. Kawai T, Cosimi AB, Colvin RB, et al. Mixed allogeneic chimerism and renal allograft tolerance in cynomolgus monkeys. Transplantation 1995; 59: 256.
134. Kimikawa M, Kawai T, Sachs DH, Colvin RB, Bartholomew AM, Cosimi AB. Mixed chimerism and transplantation tolerance induced by a nonlethal preparative regimen in cynomolgus monkeys. Transplant Proc 1997; 29: 1218.
135. Bartholomew AM, Cosimi AB, Sachs DH, et al. A study of tolerance in a concordant xenograft model. Transplant Proc 1997; 29: 923.
136. Sachs DH. Pig-to-primate xenotransplantation: tolerance through mixed chimerism. Xeno 1995; 3: 52.
137. Powelson J, Cosimi AB, Austen W, et al. Porcine-to-primate orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 1994; 26: 1353.
138. Lambrigts D, Franssen C, Meurisse M, et al. Development of thymus autografts under the kidney capsule in the pig: a new "organ" for xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation. 1996; 3: 296.
139. Banerjee PT, Ierino F, Kaynor GC, et al. Retrovirus-mediated transfer and expression of swine MHC class II genes in CD34+ monkey stem cells. Transplant Proc 1996; 28: 747.
140. Banerjee PT, Ierino FL, Kaynor GC, et al. Expression of swine MHC class II genes in cynomolgus monkey: retrovirus-mediated gene therapy in a preclinical transplantation model. Xenotransplantation 1997; 4: 174.
141. Sachs DH. A genetic engineering approach to transplantation tolerance. Transplant Sci 1993; 3: 59.
142. Waterworth PD, Dunning JJ, Tolan M, et al. Life-supporting pig-to-baboon cardiac xenotransplantation [Abstract 282]. J Heart Lung Transplant 1997; 16: 111.
143. Squinto SP, Fodor WL. Engineering of xenografts to provide organs for human transplantation. In: Cooper DKC, Kemp E, eds. Xenotransplantation, 2nd ed. Heidelberg: Springer, 1997: 659.
144. Fodor WL, Williams BL, Matas LA, et al. Expression of a functional human complement inhibitor in a transgenic pig as a model for the prevention of xenogeneic hyperacute organ rejection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 11153.
145. McCurry KR, Kooyman DL, Alvarado CG, et al. Human complement regulatory proteins protect swine-to-primate cardiac xenografts from humoral injury. Nat Med 1995; 1: 423.
146. Cozzi E, White DJG. The generation of transgenic pigs as potential organ donors for humans. Nat Med 1995; 1: 964.
147. White DJG, Langford GA, Cozzi E, Young VJ. Production of pigs transgenic for human DAF: a strategy for xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 1995; 2: 213.
148. McCurry KR, Diamond LE, Kooyman DL, et al. Human complement regulatory proteins expressed in transgenic swine protect swine xenografts from humoral injury. Transplant Proc 1996; 28: 758.
149. Bhatti FNK, Schmoeckel M, Zaidi A, et al. Life supporting cardiac transplantation in a transgenic pig to primate model [Abstract 052] Paper presented at the Fourth International Congress for Xenotransplantation, Nantes, France, 1997.
150. Lawson JH, Diamond LE, Martin MJ, et al. Expression of human complement regulatory proteins CD59 and decay accelerating factor (DAF) prolongs graft survival and physiologic function in pig-to-baboon kidney transplantation [Abstract 047]. Paper presented at the Fourth International Congress for Xenotransplantation, Nantes, France, 1997.
151. Diamond LE, Martin MJ, Adams D, et al. Transgenic pig hearts and kidneys expressing human CD59, CD55, or CD46 are protected from hyperacute rejection upon transplantation into baboons [Abstract 0185]. Paper presented at the Fourth International Congress for Xenotransplantation, Nantes, France, 1997.
152. Norin AJ, Brewer RJ, Lawson N, et al. Enhanced survival of porcine endothelial cells and lung xenografts expressing human CD59. Transplant Proc 1996; 28: 797.
153. Daggett CW, Lodge AJ, Chen EP, et al. The expression of human membrane cofactor protein is protective in swine-toprimate pulmonary xenotransplantation [Abstract 028], Paper presented at the Fourth International Congress for Xenotransplantation, Nantes, France, 1997.
154. Perper RJ, Najarian JS. Experimental renal heterotransplantation: I. In widely divergent species. Transplantation 1966; 4: 377.
155. Gewurz H, Clark DS. Participation of complement and complement-fixing antibody in the rejection of vascularized grafts. J Lab Clin Med 1964; 64: 861.
156. Gewurz H, Clark DS, Finstad J, et al. Role of the complement system in graft rejections in experimental animals and man. Ann NY Acad Sci 1966; 129: 673.
157. Czaplicki J, Blonska B, Religa Z. The lack of hyperacute xenogeneic heart transplant rejection in a human. J Heart Lung Transplant 1992; 11: 393.
158. Ross DN. In: Shapiro H, ed. Experience with human heart transplantation. Durban, South Africa: Butterworths, Durban, 1969: 140, 228.
159. Cooper DKC. The first heart transplants in the United Kingdom, 1968-1980: the role of Guy's graduates. Part 2. Guy's Hospital Gazette 1995; 109: 114.
160. Sadeghi AM, Robbins RC, Smith CR, et al. Cardiac transplantation in primates. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1987; 93: 809.
161. Hammer C. Evolution: its complexity and impact on xenotransplantation. In: Cooper DKC, Kemp E, eds. Xenotransplantation, 2nd ed. Heidelberg: Springer, 1997: 716.
162. Ye Y, Luo Y, Kobayashi T, et al. Secondary organ allografting after a primate "bridging" xenotransplant. Transplantation 1995; 60: 19.
163. Sachs DH, Sablinski T. Tolerance across discordant xenogeneic barriers. Xenotransplantation 1995; 2: 234.
164. Sachs DH, Sykes M, Greenstein JL, Cosimi AB. Tolerance and xenograft survival. Nat Med 1995; 1: 969.
165. Sachs DH. MHC homozygous miniature swine. In: Swindle MM, Moody DC, Phillips LD, eds. Swine as models in biomedical research. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press, 1992: 3.
166. Princeteau M. Greffe renale. J Med Bordeaux 1905; 26: 549.
167. Jaboulay M. Greffe de reins au pli du coude par soudures arterielles et veineuses. Lyon Med 1906; 107: 575.
168. Neuhof H. The transplantation of tissues. New York: Appleton, 1923: 260.
169. Cooley DA, Hallman GL, Bloodwell RD, et al. Human heart transplantation: experience with 12 cases. Am J Cardiol 1968; 22: 804.
170. Itescu S, Minanov OP, Michler RE. Newborn pig-to-baboon cardiac xenotransplantation: a model of delayed xenograft rejection. In: Cooper DKC, Kemp E, eds. Xenotransplantation, 2nd ed. Heidelberg: Springer, 1997: 478.
171. Brewer RJ, Roslin MS, Del Rio MJ, et al. Prevention of induced antibody response in discordant cardiac xenotransplantation: role of the graft in total lymphoid irradiation treated recipients. Transplant Proc 1994; 26: 1351.
172. Brewer RJ, Del Rio MJ, Vaynblat M, et al. Adsorption of xenoantibodies for cardiac xenotransplantation in total lymphoid irradiation-treated baboons. Transplant Proc 1994; 28: 1355.
173. O'Hair DP, Shah A, Kwiatkowski P, et al. Monkey-to-baboon and pig-to-baboon heart transplantation using mycophenolate mofetil [Abstract 057]. Paper presented at the Third International Congress for Xenotransplantation, Boston, MA, 1995.