Two distinct pathways can control expression of the gene encoding the Drosophila antimicrobial peptide metchnikowin

Journal of Molecular Biology

Volumn 278, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 515-527

  Levashina, Elena A ^a   Ohresser, Serge ^a   Lemaitre, Bruno ^a   Imler, Jean Luc ^a  

^a INSTITUT DE BIOLOGIE MOLÉCULAIRE ET CELLULAIRE   (France)

Author keywords

Antimicrobial peptides; Drosophila immunity; Metchnikowin; Rel; TOLL pathway

Indexed keywords

ANTIFUNGAL AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; CIS ACTING ELEMENT; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; METCHNIKOWIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DNA FLANKING REGION; DROSOPHILA; GENE INDUCTION; IMMUNE RESPONSE; MOLECULAR CLONING; MUTANT; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; REPORTER GENE; TISSUE SPECIFICITY; TRANSGENIC ANIMAL;

ANIMALIA; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); HEXAPODA; INSECTA;

EID: 0032496389     PISSN: 00222836     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1998.1705     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Asling B., Dushay M., Hultmark D. Identification of early genes in the Drosophila immune response by PCR-based differencial display: the Attacin A gene and the evolution of attacin-like proteins. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 25:1995;511-518.
2. Bulet P., Dimarcq J., Hetru C., Lagueux M., Charlet M., Hegy G., Van Dorsselaer A., Hoffmann J. A novel inducible antibacterial peptide of Drosophila carries an O-glycosylated substitution. J. Biol. Chem. 268:1993;14893-14897.
3. Cao Z., Henzel W., Gao X. IRAK: a kinase associated with the interleukin-1 receptor. Science. 271:1996;1128-1131.
4. Chalfie M., Tu Y., Euskirchen G., Ward W., Prasher D. Green fluorescent protein as a marker for gene expression. Science. 263:1994;802-805.
5. Charlet M., Lagueux M., Reichhart J., Hoffmann D., Braun A., Meister M. Cloning of the gene encoding the antibacterial peptide drosocin involved in Drosophila immunity. Expression studies during the immune response. Eur. J. Biochem. 241:1996;699-706.
6. Cubitt A., Heim R., Adams S., Boyd A., Gross L., Tsien R. Understanding, improving and using green fluorescent proteins. Trends Biochem. Sci. 20:1995;448-455.
7. Dimarcq J., Hoffmann D., Meister M., Bulet P., Lanot R., Reichhart J., Hoffmann J. Characterization and transcriptional profiles of a Drosophila gene encoding an insect defensin. A study in insect immunity. Eur. J. Biochem. 221:1994;201-209.
8. Dushay M., Asling B., Hultmark D. Origins of immunity: Relish, a compound Rel-like gene in the antibacterial defense of Drosophila. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 93:1996;10343-10347.
9. Engstrom Y., Kadayalil L., Sun S., Samakovlis C., Hultmark D., Faye I. kB-like motifs regulate the induction of immune genes in Drosophila. J. Mol. Biol. 232:1993;327-333.
10. Fehlbaum P., Bulet P., Michaut L., Lagueux M., Broeckaert W., Hetru C., Hoffmann J. Insect immunity: septic injury of Drosophila induces the synthesis of a potent antifungal peptide with sequence homology to plant antifungal peptides. J. Biol. Chem. 269:1994;33159-33163.
11. Ferrandon D., Jung A., Criqui M., Lemaitre B., Uttenweiler-Joseph S., Michaut L., Reichhart J., Hoffmann J. A drosomycin-GFP reporter transgene reveals a local immune response in Drosophila that is not dependent on theToll pathway. EMBO J. 17:1998;1217-1227.
12. Gay N., Keith F. Drosophila Toll and IL-1 receptor. Nature. 351:1991;355-356.
13. Georgel P., Meister M., Kappler C., Lemaitre B., Reichhart J., Hoffmann J. Insect immunity: the diptericin promoter contains multiple functional regulatory sequences homologous to mammalian acute-phase response elements. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 197:1993;508-517.
14. Georgel P., Kappler C., Langley E., Gross I., Nicolas E., Reichhart J., Hoffmann J. Drosophila immunity. A sequence homologous to mammalian interferon consensus response element enhances the activity of the diptericin promoter. Nucl. Acids Res. 23:1995;1140-1145.
15. Higuchi R., Krummel B., Saiki R. K. A general method of in vitro preparation and specific mutagenesis of DNA fragments: study of protein and DNA interactions. Nucl. Acids Res. 16:1988;7351-7364.
16. Hocke G., Barry D., Fey G. Synergistic action of interleukin-6 and glucocorticoids is mediated by the interleukin-6 response element of the rat alpha 2 macroglobulin gene. Mol. Cell Biol. 12:1992;2282-2294.
17. Hoffmann J., Reichhart J. Drosophila immunity. Trends Cell Biol. 7:1997;309-316.
18. Ip Y., Reach M., Enstrom Y., Kadalayil L., Cai H., Gonzalez-Crespo S., Tatei K., Levine M. Dif, a dorsal-related gene that mediates an immune response in Drosophila. Cell. 75:1993;753-763.
19. Kadalayil L., Petersen U., Engstrom Y. Adjacent GATA and kB-like motifs regulate the expression of a Drosophila immune gene. Nucl. Acids Res. 25:1997;1233-1239.
20. Kappler C., Meister M., Lagueux M., Gateff E., Hoffmann J., Reichhart J. Insect immunity. Two 17 bp repeats nesting a κB-related sequence confer inducibility to the diptericin gene and bind a polypeptide in bacteria-challenged Drosophila. EMBO J. 12:1993;1561-1568.
21. Kylsten P., Samakovlis C., Hultmark D. The cecropin locus in Drosophila: a compact gene cluster involved in the response to infection. EMBO J. 9:1990;217-224.
22. Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 227:1970;680-685.
23. Lemaitre B., Kromer-Metzger E., Michaut L., Nicolas E., Meister M., Georgel P., Reichhart J., Hoffmann J. A recessive mutation, immune deficiency (imd), defines two distinct control pathways in the Drosophila host defense. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 92:1995;9365-9469.
24. Lemaitre B., Nicolas E., Michaut L., Reichhart J., Hoffmann J. The dorsoventral regulatory gene cassette spätzle/Toll/cactus controls the potent antifungal response in Drosophila adults. Cell. 86:1996;973-983.
25. Lemaitre B., Reichhart J., Hoffmann J. Drosophila host defense: differential induction of antimicrobial peptide genes after infection by various classes of microorganisms. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 94:1997;14614-14619.
26. Levashina E., Ohresser S., Bulet P., Reichhart J., Hetru C., Hoffmann J. Metchnikowin, a novel immune-inducible proline-rich peptide from Drosophila with antibacterial and antifungal properties. Eur. J. Biochem. 233:1995;694-700.
27. Meister M., Braun A., Kappler C., Reichhart J. M., Hoffmann J. A. Insect immunity. A transgenic analysis in Drosophila defines several functional domains in the diptericin promoter. EMBO J. 13:1994;5958-5966.
28. Morisato D., Anderson K. Signaling pathways that establish the dorsal-ventral pattern of the drosophila embryo. Annu. Rev. Genet. 29:1995;371-399.
29. O'Connell P., Rosbach M. Sequence, structure and codon preference of the Drosophila ribosomal protein 49 gene. Nucl. Acids Res. 12:1984;5495-5513.
30. Orkin S. GATA-binding transcription factors in hematopoietic cells. Blood. 80:1992;575-581.
31. Samakovlis C., Kimbrell D., Kylsten P., Engstrom A., Hultmark D. The immune response in Drosophila: pattern of cecropin expression and biological activity. EMBO J. 9:1990;2969-2976.
32. Sambrook J., Fritsch E., Maniatis T. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. 1989;Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Plain View.
33. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 74:1977;5463-5467.
34. Siebenlist U., Franzoso G., Brown K. Structure, regulation and function of NF-κB. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 10:1994;405-455.
35. Tryselius Y., Samakovlis C., Kimbrell D., Hultmark D. CecC, a cecropin gene expressed during metamorphosis in Drosophila pupae. Eur. J. Biochem. 204:1992;395-399.
36. Wicker C., Reichhart J., Hoffmann D., Hultmark D., Samakovlis C., Hoffmann J. Insect immunity: characterization of a Drosophila cDNA encoding a new member of the diptericin promoter. J. Biol. Chem. 265:1990;22493-22498.